Article(id=1240375278225125583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401510, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706630400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658111386, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658111386, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658111386, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658111386, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375270163673092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658109465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658579758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1352, endPage=1357, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375278489366756, articleId=1240375278225125583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Prevalence of three types of cardiovascular diseases and their relationship with depression symptoms in rural Yiliang County, Yunnan, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of three types of cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke) and their relationships with depression symptoms among rural residents of Yiliang County, Yunnan Province.

Methods

A health interview and examination survey was conducted on 2 506 rural residents aged ≥35 years in Yiliang County, Yunnan province by utilizing a multistage stratified random sampling method. A binary logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationships between depression symptoms and three types of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): hypertension, coronary heart disease(CHD), and stroke.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension, CHD, stroke, and depression symptoms in the surveyed population was 64.2%, 4.3%, 3.3%, and 5%, respectively. Prevalence of hypertension, CHD, stroke, and depression symptoms increased with age (χ2=106.237,χ2=21.084,χ2=27.135,χ2=43.556,P<0.001). Females exhibited a higher prevalence of both hypertension (67.6% vs. 60.8%,χ2=12.677,P<0.001) and depression symptoms (6.3% vs. 3.8%,χ2=8.080,P<0.05) compared to males. Individuals with lower educational levels and household per capita income had a higher prevalence of hypertension (χ2=23.362,χ2=9.249,P<0.05)and depression symptoms (χ2=16.191,χ2=6.665,P<0.05). The prevalence of depression symptoms were higher in the Han majority than in ethnic minority groups (χ2=14.231, P<0.001). Individuals with good access to medical services had a higher prevalence of depression symptoms than their counterparts (χ2=5.220, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals with CHD (OR=3.462, 95% CI:1.962-6.108), and stroke (OR=3.683, 95% CI:2.001-6.781) had a higher risk of developing depression symptoms.

Conclusion

The Prevalence of three types of CVDs higher among rural residents in Yiliang County of Yunnan Province compared to other regions. Targeted prevention and intervention efforts are warranted, particularly among females, individuals with lower educational levels, and those with lower incomes. Implementing effective strategies to mitigate the prevalence of CVDs will contribute to improverural residents’ mental health.

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目的

分析云南宜良县农村居民三种心脑血管疾病(高血压、冠心病和脑卒中)的患病现状及与抑郁的关系。

方法

采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,在云南宜良县抽取2 506名≥35岁农村居民开展问卷调查和体格检查,采用二分类logistic回归模型分析高血压、冠心病和脑卒中患病与抑郁的关系。

结果

调查人群高血压、冠心病、脑卒中和抑郁症状的患病率分别为64.2%、4.3%、3.3%和5%;三种心脑血管疾病的患病率和抑郁症状率均随着年龄增加而升高(P<0.001);女性的高血压患病率(67.6%和60.8%,χ2=12.677,P<0.001)和抑郁症状率(6.3%和3.8%,χ2=8.080,P<0.05)均高于男性,文化程度低者和家庭人均年收入低者其高血压患病率(χ2=23.362,χ2=9.249,P<0.05)和抑郁症状率(χ2=16.191,χ2=6.665,P<0.05)较高;汉族的抑郁症状率高于少数民族(χ2=14.231,P<0.001);医疗服务可及性好者的抑郁症状率高于可及性差者(χ2=5.220,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,患有冠心病(OR=3.462,95% CI:1.962~6.108)和脑卒中者(OR=3.683,95% CI:2.001~6.781)其患抑郁症状的风险性更高。

结论

云南省宜良县农村居民三种心脑血管疾病的患病情况较严重,应加强女性、低文化程度和低收入人群的心脑血管疾病的预防和干预工作。采取有效措施降低心脑血管疾病的患病率,有助于改善人群的心理健康。

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尹向阳,E-mail:
蔡乐,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+elwp45mEmPM+g6EWkNeaA==, magXml=ISm3QNKMWd0flVY+WGR3Sw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=kibEnVgMgsqAypTwBvwVBw==, pdfFileSize=716855, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=8hhqC5urh7IeEcuM1/qI1g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘杜丽(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care, 2023, 13(3): 281-289., articleTitle=Depression prevalence in cardiovascular disease: global systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240748861086560283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278225125583, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Blatch armon D, Buhayer A, Dobretz K, journalName=BMJ Open, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Blatch armon D, Buhayer A, Dobretz K, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease: how is depression addressed? Protocol for a systematic review[J]. BMJ Open, 2023, 13(5): e071940., articleTitle=Clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease: how is depression addressed? 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Prevalence of hypertension, CHD, and stroke by gender, ethnicity, age, education, household per capita income and access to medical services among 2 506 rural residents in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查人数高血压冠心病脑卒中
性别
1 244756(60.8)59(4.7)48(3.9)
1 262853(67.6)b49(3.9)35(2.8)
民族
汉族2 1961 401(63.8)97(4.4)78(3.6)
少数民族310208(67.1)11(3.5)5(1.6)
年龄组(岁)
35~4418372(39.3)1(0.5)0(0.0)
45~54496271(54.6)10(2.0)7(1.4)
55~64696443(63.6)22(3.2)17(2.4)
65~74700491(70.1)53(7.6)33(4.7)
≥75431332(77.0)b22(5.1)b26(6.0)b
文化程度
文盲442328(74.2)b20(4.5)15(3.4)
小学及以上2 0641 281(62.1)88(4.3)68(3.3)
家庭人均年收入
848579(68.3)a39(4.6)28(3.3)
1 6581 030(62.1)69(4.2)55(3.3)
医疗服务可及性
766488(63.7)31(4.0)22(2.9)
1 7401 121(64.4)77(4.4)61(3.5)
合计2 5061 609(64.2)108(4.3)83(3.3)
), ArticleFig(id=1240748856162448004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278225125583, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

云南省宜良县不同特征农村居民三种心脑血管疾病患病情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查人数高血压冠心病脑卒中
性别
1 244756(60.8)59(4.7)48(3.9)
1 262853(67.6)b49(3.9)35(2.8)
民族
汉族2 1961 401(63.8)97(4.4)78(3.6)
少数民族310208(67.1)11(3.5)5(1.6)
年龄组(岁)
35~4418372(39.3)1(0.5)0(0.0)
45~54496271(54.6)10(2.0)7(1.4)
55~64696443(63.6)22(3.2)17(2.4)
65~74700491(70.1)53(7.6)33(4.7)
≥75431332(77.0)b22(5.1)b26(6.0)b
文化程度
文盲442328(74.2)b20(4.5)15(3.4)
小学及以上2 0641 281(62.1)88(4.3)68(3.3)
家庭人均年收入
848579(68.3)a39(4.6)28(3.3)
1 6581 030(62.1)69(4.2)55(3.3)
医疗服务可及性
766488(63.7)31(4.0)22(2.9)
1 7401 121(64.4)77(4.4)61(3.5)
合计2 5061 609(64.2)108(4.3)83(3.3)
), ArticleFig(id=1240748856246334098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278225125583, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Prevalence of depression symptoms by gender, ethnicity, age, education, household per capita income, access to medical services, hypertension, CHD, and stroke among 2 506 rural residents in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征抑郁症状情况χ2P
性别
1 197(96.2)47(3.8)8.0800.004
1 183(93.7)79(6.3)
民族
汉族2 072(94.4)124(5.6)14.231<0.001
少数民族308(99.4)2(0.6)
年龄组(岁)
35~44181(98.9)2(1.1)43.556<0.001
45~54486(98.0)10(2.0)
55~64669(96.1)27(3.9)
65~74660(94.3)40(5.7)
≥75384(89.1)47(10.9)
文化程度
文盲403(91.2)39(8.8)16.191<0.001
小学及以上1 977(95.8)87(4.2)
家庭人均年收入
792(93.4)56(6.6)6.6650.010
1 588(95.8)70(4.2)
医疗服务可及性
739(96.5)27(3.5)5.2200.022
1 641(94.3)99(5.7)
高血压
865(96.4)32(3.6)6.2410.012
1 515(94.2)94(5.8)
冠心病
2 290(95.5)108(4.5)32.017<0.001
90(83.3)18(16.7)
脑卒中
2 313(95.5)110(4.5)36.501<0.001
67(80.7)16(19.3)
合计2 380(95.0)126(5.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240748856321831579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278225125583, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

云南省宜良县不同特征农村居民抑郁症状情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征抑郁症状情况χ2P
性别
1 197(96.2)47(3.8)8.0800.004
1 183(93.7)79(6.3)
民族
汉族2 072(94.4)124(5.6)14.231<0.001
少数民族308(99.4)2(0.6)
年龄组(岁)
35~44181(98.9)2(1.1)43.556<0.001
45~54486(98.0)10(2.0)
55~64669(96.1)27(3.9)
65~74660(94.3)40(5.7)
≥75384(89.1)47(10.9)
文化程度
文盲403(91.2)39(8.8)16.191<0.001
小学及以上1 977(95.8)87(4.2)
家庭人均年收入
792(93.4)56(6.6)6.6650.010
1 588(95.8)70(4.2)
医疗服务可及性
739(96.5)27(3.5)5.2200.022
1 641(94.3)99(5.7)
高血压
865(96.4)32(3.6)6.2410.012
1 515(94.2)94(5.8)
冠心病
2 290(95.5)108(4.5)32.017<0.001
90(83.3)18(16.7)
脑卒中
2 313(95.5)110(4.5)36.501<0.001
67(80.7)16(19.3)
合计2 380(95.0)126(5.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240748856384746149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278225125583, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Associations of hypertension, CHD, and stroke with depression symptoms among 2 506 rural residents in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province: multivariate logistic regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量偏回归系数标准误WaldPOR值(95% CI
高血压(参照组:否)0.1560.2190.5120.4741.169(0.762~1.795)
冠心病(参照组:否)1.2420.29018.378<0.0013.642(1.962~6.108)
脑卒中(参照组:否)1.3040.31117.535<0.0013.683(2.001~6.781)
), ArticleFig(id=1240748856468632240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278225125583, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

云南省宜良县三种心脑血管疾病与抑郁关系的多因素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量偏回归系数标准误WaldPOR值(95% CI
高血压(参照组:否)0.1560.2190.5120.4741.169(0.762~1.795)
冠心病(参照组:否)1.2420.29018.378<0.0013.642(1.962~6.108)
脑卒中(参照组:否)1.3040.31117.535<0.0013.683(2.001~6.781)
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云南宜良县农村三种心脑血管疾病的流行现状及与抑郁的关系研究
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刘杜丽 1 , 余孜孜 1 , 李熙敏 1 , 阮春怡 1 , 尹向阳 2 , 蔡乐 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(8): 1352-1357
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(8): 1352-1357
云南宜良县农村三种心脑血管疾病的流行现状及与抑郁的关系研究
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刘杜丽1, 余孜孜1, 李熙敏1, 阮春怡1, 尹向阳2 , 蔡乐1
作者信息
  • 1.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650500
  • 2.昆明医科大学党委办公室
  • 刘杜丽(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:

尹向阳,E-mail:
蔡乐,E-mail:
Prevalence of three types of cardiovascular diseases and their relationship with depression symptoms in rural Yiliang County, Yunnan
Du-li LIU1, Zi-zi YU1, Xi-min LI1, Chun-yi RUAN1, Xiang-yang YIN2 , Le CAI1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401510
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目的

分析云南宜良县农村居民三种心脑血管疾病(高血压、冠心病和脑卒中)的患病现状及与抑郁的关系。

方法

采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,在云南宜良县抽取2 506名≥35岁农村居民开展问卷调查和体格检查,采用二分类logistic回归模型分析高血压、冠心病和脑卒中患病与抑郁的关系。

结果

调查人群高血压、冠心病、脑卒中和抑郁症状的患病率分别为64.2%、4.3%、3.3%和5%;三种心脑血管疾病的患病率和抑郁症状率均随着年龄增加而升高(P<0.001);女性的高血压患病率(67.6%和60.8%,χ2=12.677,P<0.001)和抑郁症状率(6.3%和3.8%,χ2=8.080,P<0.05)均高于男性,文化程度低者和家庭人均年收入低者其高血压患病率(χ2=23.362,χ2=9.249,P<0.05)和抑郁症状率(χ2=16.191,χ2=6.665,P<0.05)较高;汉族的抑郁症状率高于少数民族(χ2=14.231,P<0.001);医疗服务可及性好者的抑郁症状率高于可及性差者(χ2=5.220,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,患有冠心病(OR=3.462,95% CI:1.962~6.108)和脑卒中者(OR=3.683,95% CI:2.001~6.781)其患抑郁症状的风险性更高。

结论

云南省宜良县农村居民三种心脑血管疾病的患病情况较严重,应加强女性、低文化程度和低收入人群的心脑血管疾病的预防和干预工作。采取有效措施降低心脑血管疾病的患病率,有助于改善人群的心理健康。

高血压  /  冠心病  /  脑卒中  /  抑郁症状  /  农村
Objective

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of three types of cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke) and their relationships with depression symptoms among rural residents of Yiliang County, Yunnan Province.

Methods

A health interview and examination survey was conducted on 2 506 rural residents aged ≥35 years in Yiliang County, Yunnan province by utilizing a multistage stratified random sampling method. A binary logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationships between depression symptoms and three types of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): hypertension, coronary heart disease(CHD), and stroke.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension, CHD, stroke, and depression symptoms in the surveyed population was 64.2%, 4.3%, 3.3%, and 5%, respectively. Prevalence of hypertension, CHD, stroke, and depression symptoms increased with age (χ2=106.237,χ2=21.084,χ2=27.135,χ2=43.556,P<0.001). Females exhibited a higher prevalence of both hypertension (67.6% vs. 60.8%,χ2=12.677,P<0.001) and depression symptoms (6.3% vs. 3.8%,χ2=8.080,P<0.05) compared to males. Individuals with lower educational levels and household per capita income had a higher prevalence of hypertension (χ2=23.362,χ2=9.249,P<0.05)and depression symptoms (χ2=16.191,χ2=6.665,P<0.05). The prevalence of depression symptoms were higher in the Han majority than in ethnic minority groups (χ2=14.231, P<0.001). Individuals with good access to medical services had a higher prevalence of depression symptoms than their counterparts (χ2=5.220, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals with CHD (OR=3.462, 95% CI:1.962-6.108), and stroke (OR=3.683, 95% CI:2.001-6.781) had a higher risk of developing depression symptoms.

Conclusion

The Prevalence of three types of CVDs higher among rural residents in Yiliang County of Yunnan Province compared to other regions. Targeted prevention and intervention efforts are warranted, particularly among females, individuals with lower educational levels, and those with lower incomes. Implementing effective strategies to mitigate the prevalence of CVDs will contribute to improverural residents’ mental health.

Hypertension  /  Coronary heart disease  /  Stroke  /  Depression symptom  /  Rural area
刘杜丽, 余孜孜, 李熙敏, 阮春怡, 尹向阳, 蔡乐. 云南宜良县农村三种心脑血管疾病的流行现状及与抑郁的关系研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1352 -1357 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401510
Du-li LIU, Zi-zi YU, Xi-min LI, Chun-yi RUAN, Xiang-yang YIN, Le CAI. Prevalence of three types of cardiovascular diseases and their relationship with depression symptoms in rural Yiliang County, Yunnan[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1352 -1357 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401510
随着社会经济发展和人口老龄化,心脑血管疾病的患病和死亡在中国呈上升趋势,对我国乃至全球的公共卫生构成严重挑战[1],其中,高血压、冠心病和脑卒中等疾病是最常见和致命的类型。据《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2022》[2]估计,这三种疾病合计患病人数占我国总心脑血管疾病患病人数的80%以上。与此同时,在生物-社会-心理医学模式的影响下,患者的心理健康受到广泛关注[3],其中抑郁症是一种严重的精神疾病,其对健康的危害日益凸显。心脑血管疾病相关的负面压力会导致抑郁[4],而抑郁也可能助长原有躯体疾病的不良预后[5],给心脑血管健康管理带来了新的挑战,两者之间的关联性在预防和治疗策略的制定上显得尤为重要。但是在西南偏远地区,尤其是在条件比较落后的农村,对心脑血管疾病与抑郁间关系的认知仍然很欠缺,相关研究也较少。本研究对云南省宜良县农村居民的心脑血管疾病患病现状及其与抑郁的关系进行分析,旨在为制定更加精准的防治策略提供科学依据。
数据来源于2022年11—12月云南省宜良县≥35岁居民的现场问卷调查和体格检查资料。本研究经昆明医科大学伦理审查会审批(批准号:KMMU2020MEC031),并获得所有研究对象的知情同意。
本研究采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,依据《云南省统计年鉴2022》[6]将宜良县下辖的乡镇按照人均GDP分为经济高和经济低2个水平,从2个水平中各抽取一个乡镇;之后采用比例概率抽样法(Probability Proportional to Size,PPS)在所抽乡镇中各抽取4个行政村,共计8个行政村;最后采用单纯随机抽样法在每个行政村分别抽取≥35岁且在当地居住≥5年的农村居民作为研究对象。
采用自行设计的调查问卷进行一对一面访调查,收集调查对象的性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、医疗服务可及性、家庭人均年收入、高血压、冠心病、脑卒中患病情况以及抑郁情况。
通过现场测量并记录调查对象的血压:采用台式血压计(江苏鱼跃医疗设备公司),在测量前嘱调查对象安静休息5~10分钟,取坐位上臂血压,测量3次取平均值作为最终血压值。
(1)高血压:①既往在乡镇级及以上医疗机构被诊断为高血压;②在未用抗高血压药的情况下,收缩压≥140 mm Hg和/或舒张压≥90 mm Hg;(2)脑卒中、冠心病:均以研究对象提供既往在乡镇级及以上医疗机构的诊断证明为依据;(3)抑郁情况:采用Zung氏自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)评定,共20个条目,评定结果1~52分为正常,≥53分为有抑郁症状;(4)医疗服务可及性:居民步行到达最近的医疗卫生机构<30分钟为医疗服务可及性好,≥30分钟为可及性差;(5)家庭人均年收入:以中位数划分,≤10 000元为低收入,>10 000元为高收入。
采用Epidata 3.1软件双录入,SPSS 24.0软件进行数据分析。计数资料采用频数和构成比[n(%)]表示,率的比较采用χ2检验;心脑血管疾病与抑郁的关联性采用二分类logistic回归,检验水准取双侧α=0.05。
本次研究共调查2 506人,其中,男性1 244人(49.6%),女性1 262人(50.4%)。少数民族310人(12.4%),汉族2 196人(87.6%);年龄分布为35~44岁183人(7.3%),45~54岁496人(19.8%),55~64岁696人(27.8%),65~74岁700人(27.9%),≥75岁431人(17.2%);文盲442人(17.6%),小学及以上文化2 064人(82.4%);家庭人均年收入低者848人(33.8%),收入高者1 658人(66.2%);医疗服务可及性差者766人(30.6%),可及性好者1 740人(69.4%)。
2 506名调查对象中,高血压、冠心病和脑卒中的患病率分别为64.2%、4.3%和3.3%。三种心脑血管疾病患病率均随着年龄增加而升高(P<0.001)。女性的高血压患病率高于男性(67.6% vs.60.8%,χ2=12.677,P<0.001);文化程度和家庭人均年收入低者,其高血压患病率较高(χ2=23.362,χ2=9.249,P<0.05)。不同性别、文化程度和家庭人均年收入人群的冠心病和脑卒中患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。详见表1
2 506名调查对象中,检出有抑郁症状的126人,抑郁症状率为5.0%;女性抑郁症状率高于男性(6.3% vs.3.8%,χ2=8.080,P<0.05);汉族高于少数民族(χ2=14.231,P<0.001);随年龄增长,抑郁症状率随之增加(P<0.001);文化程度低者的抑郁症状率高于文化高者(χ2=16.191,P<0.001);家庭人均年收入低者的抑郁症状率高于收入高者(χ2=6.665,P<0.05);医疗服务可及性好者的抑郁症状率高于可及性差者(χ2=5.220,P<0.05)。高血压、冠心病、脑卒中患者的抑郁症状率均高于未患病者,且差异均有统计学意义(χ2=6.241,χ2=32.017,χ2=36.501,P<0.05)。详见表2
为了进一步消除混杂因素及偏倚,以是否有抑郁症状为因变量(0=否,1=是),高血压(0=否,1=是)、冠心病(0=否,1=是)和脑卒中(0=否,1=是)为自变量进行二分类logistic回归分析。控制的协变量包括性别(0=男,1=女)、年龄(0=35~44岁,1=45~54岁,2=55~64岁,3=65~74岁,4=≥75岁)、民族(0=汉族,1=少数民族)、文化程度(0=文盲,1=小学及以上)、家庭人均年收入(0=低,1=高)、医疗服务可及性(0=差,1=好)等共6个单因素分析有统计学意义的变量。结果显示,患有冠心病和脑卒中者其患抑郁症状的风险性更高(P<0.001)。经logistic回归处理后高血压与抑郁症状的检出率无统计学差异。详见表3
本研究调查了云南省宜良县35岁及以上农村居民的三种主要心脑血管疾病,其中高血压的患病率最高(64.2%),高于云南省罗平县农村地区[7](41.6%),也高于江苏省农村地区[8](62.81%);冠心病的患病率为(4.3%),高于云南省其它地区[9](3.8%);脑卒中患病率相对最低(3.3%),低于安徽省地区[10](4.1%),而同样高于云南省其它地区[9](1.7%);三种心脑血管疾病的地区间差异可能与各地域间经济水平、遗传背景、膳食特点、生活方式的差异有关。结果提示宜良县地区居民三种主要心脑血管疾病的患病情况较为严重,需要加强心脑血管疾病的防治工作。
本次调查结果显示,随着年龄的增加,高血压、冠心病和脑卒中三类心脑血管疾病的患病率均随之呈上升趋势,提示中老年人是心脑血管疾病的重要高危人群,应将“关口前移”,重视这部分人群心脑血管疾病的筛查和干预工作。该地区女性的高血压患病率高于男性,与魏晶晶等人[11]在新疆地区调查的结果一致。Gerdts等人的研究[12]中表明肥胖、体力活动、饮食、激素等相关的性别依赖性因素的交织作用下可能提高女性的高血压患病几率,提示应关注当地女性的高血压防治工作,促进其健康水平;此外,在文化程度较低、家庭人均年收入较低的群体中高血压的患病率较高,这类群体通常处于社会经济地位相对较低的情况,存在不健康饮食、不良生活方式、医疗保健意识较差等风险,因此对这部分人群需要综合干预,提高健康教育水平和促进健康生活方式,为社会的可持续发展创造更为有利的环境。
随着社会经济的快速发展,心理健康问题也日益突出。本次调查对抑郁进行筛查发现,宜良县农村35岁以上居民抑郁症状率为5.0%,略低于河南农村地区[13](5.41%),也低于辽宁农村地区一项大样本调查[14](6.0%)。本研究中女性、低文化水平、低收入群体以及老年群体中抑郁的发生风险更高,与中国精神卫生调查[15]结果一致。可能源于这部分群体处于社会的弱势,在农村容易面对不平等的性别关系以及其它社会、经济、躯体上的负性事件的可能性增加,从而产生一些心理负担导致抑郁的易感性更高[16-17]。因而应多关注农村这部分人群的心理健康问题。此外,汉族的抑郁症状检出率要远高于少数民族,可能与当地少数民族不同的生活习惯、民族信仰导致采取的负性认知情绪调节方式不同有关。在医疗服务可及性较好的群体中抑郁症状率更高,在不同调查[18-19]中研究的一致性较差,具体原因有待探究。
躯体疾病是影响抑郁的重要风险因素,大量研究表明心脑血管疾病与抑郁之间关系密切,Jia等学者开展的一项全国性调查显示[20],与没有任何心脑血管疾病且性别相同的人群相比,患有心脑血管疾病的人群中抑郁症状率更高,尤其在冠心病和脑卒中患者当中,这与本次调查结果一致。在调整了潜在混杂因素建立logistic回归模型后,冠心病和脑卒中依然与抑郁的高检出率独立相关。就农村而言,长期面临心脑血管疾病在日常生活中所伴随的躯体不适、生命质量下降和医疗负担给多数患者造成了沉重的精神压力,出现抑郁症状后如不对其进行及时干预和治疗,会进一步加重抑郁的进展。另外,有研究表明[21-22]合并抑郁症带来的负面情绪和行为异常有可能成为影响心脑血管疾病患者生活质量的主要决定因素,也会反向造成心脑血管疾病患者更糟糕的健康结局。因而,相关部门应关注心脑血管疾病患者的心理健康,及时筛查抑郁症状,并及早对其进行心理治疗,对该地区预防和控制两类疾病均有重大意义,以推动我国“健康乡村”的慢性病和精神卫生防治工作。
  • 国家自然科学基金(72064026)
  • 云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2023CX11)
  • 云南省创新团队(202005AE160002)
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2024年第51卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401510
  • 接收时间:2024-01-31
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-31
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国家自然科学基金(72064026)
云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2023CX11)
云南省创新团队(202005AE160002)
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    1.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650500
    2.昆明医科大学党委办公室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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