Article(id=1240375277738586302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311361, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700323200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658111271, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658111271, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658111271, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658111271, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375270163673092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658109465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658579758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1406, endPage=1411, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375279449862442, articleId=1240375277738586302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between dietary diversity and hypertension among residents aged 35-74, Guangxi, columnId=1240375107953161116, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Foold Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the relationship between dietary diversity and hypertension among residents aged 35-74 in the Guangxi Province, to analyze the association between dietary diversity and hypertension by assessing the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), and to provide reference for improving dietary diversity and controlling hypertension in the local population.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included participants from the Prospective Cohort Study on Chronic Diseases in Guangxi Ethnic Minority Population. Baseline surveys and physical measurements were conducted on residents aged 35-74. A dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire. Binary logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between DDS and hypertension, and restricted cubic spline models were used to examine the dose-response relationship between DDS and hypertension.

Results

A total of 12 896 participants were included, among whom 4541 (35.21%) were diagnosed with hypertension. The mean DDS of residents aged 35-74 in Guangxi was (5.45±1.39). The consumption frequency of cereals and tubers was high, while the intake of dairy products was relatively low. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, DDS was a protective factor for hypertension (OR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98, P=0.001). The restricted cubic spline model demonstrated a linear dose-response relationship between DDS and hypertension (Poverall trend<0.05, Pnon-linearity=0.787). As DDS increased, the risk of hypertension linearly decreased.

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension is high among residents aged 35-74 in the Guangxi Province, while the level of dietary diversity is relatively low. Increasing dietary diversity may help reduce the incidence of hypertension.

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目的

以膳食多样化评分为评价指标,了解广西地区35~74岁居民膳食多样化与高血压情况,并分析膳食多样化与该人群发生高血压的关系,为改进本地区膳食多样性,从膳食上控制高血压提供参考依据。

方法

本次研究采用现况研究方式进行,研究对象来自于“广西少数民族自然人群慢性病前瞻性队列研究”中35~74岁广西居民,对其进行了基线调查和体格测量。通过食物频率调查表,计算膳食多样性评分(Dietary diversity score,DDS),采用二元logistic回归模型探讨其与高血压发生的关系,并进一步采用限制性立方样条模型探讨DDS与高血压的剂量-反应关系。

结果

本研究共纳入12 896名研究对象,筛选出4 541名(35.21%)高血压患者。广西地区35~74岁居民DDS为(5.45±1.39)分。研究对象谷薯类食物摄入频率高,乳制品的摄入频率较低。DDS进行二元logistic回归分析模型结果显示,在调整相关混杂因素后,DDS是高血压的保护因素(OR=0.95,95% CI:0.92~0.98,P=0.001)。限制性立方样条模型结果显示,DDS与高血压患病风险之间呈线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性=0.787),随着DDS的升高,高血压的患病风险呈线性降低。

结论

广西地区35~74岁居民高血压患病率较高,膳食多样化程度较低,增加居民膳食多样化可能可以降低高血压的发生率。

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黄东萍,E-mail:
刘顺,E-mail:
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黄秋菊(1973—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与食品卫生学

欧柳娟(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与食品卫生学

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Comparison of General Characteristics Distribution between Normal Population and Hypertensive Population(n=12 896)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量非高血压人群(%)高血压人群(%)χ2P
性别18.24<0.001
4 384(52.47)2 204(48.54)
3 971(47.53)2 337(51.46)
年龄(岁)637.37<0.001
<606 197(74.14)2 370(52.19)
≥602 158(25.83)2 171(28.08)
民族11.760.003
汉族271(3.24)103(2.27)
壮族7 821(93.61)4 313(94.98)
其他263(3.15)125(2.75)
教育96.81<0.001
小学及以下3 861(46.21)2 496(54.97)
初中2 575(30.82)1 243(27.37)
高中及以上1 919(22.97)802(17.66)
年收入113.48<0.001
<1万元1 330(15.92)994(21.89)
1~2.99万元2 679(32.06)1 589(34.99)
≥3万4 346(52.02)1 958(43.12)
地区96.95<0.001
城镇2 018(24.15)758(16.69)
农村6 337(75.85)3 783(83.31)
职业35.80<0.001
非体力劳动1 828(21.88)1 206(26.56)
体力劳动6 527(78.12)3 335(73.44)
BMI277.29<0.001
正常4 577(54.78)1 914(42.15)
偏瘦579(6.93)202(4.45)
超重及肥胖3 199(38.29)2 425(53.40)
吸烟0.160.693
5 727(68.55)3 128(68.88)
2 628(31.45)1 413(31.12)
合计8 355(64.79)4 541(35.21)
), ArticleFig(id=1240748859958293467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375277738586302, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

非高血压人群与高血压人群一般特征分布比较(n=12 896)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量非高血压人群(%)高血压人群(%)χ2P
性别18.24<0.001
4 384(52.47)2 204(48.54)
3 971(47.53)2 337(51.46)
年龄(岁)637.37<0.001
<606 197(74.14)2 370(52.19)
≥602 158(25.83)2 171(28.08)
民族11.760.003
汉族271(3.24)103(2.27)
壮族7 821(93.61)4 313(94.98)
其他263(3.15)125(2.75)
教育96.81<0.001
小学及以下3 861(46.21)2 496(54.97)
初中2 575(30.82)1 243(27.37)
高中及以上1 919(22.97)802(17.66)
年收入113.48<0.001
<1万元1 330(15.92)994(21.89)
1~2.99万元2 679(32.06)1 589(34.99)
≥3万4 346(52.02)1 958(43.12)
地区96.95<0.001
城镇2 018(24.15)758(16.69)
农村6 337(75.85)3 783(83.31)
职业35.80<0.001
非体力劳动1 828(21.88)1 206(26.56)
体力劳动6 527(78.12)3 335(73.44)
BMI277.29<0.001
正常4 577(54.78)1 914(42.15)
偏瘦579(6.93)202(4.45)
超重及肥胖3 199(38.29)2 425(53.40)
吸烟0.160.693
5 727(68.55)3 128(68.88)
2 628(31.45)1 413(31.12)
合计8 355(64.79)4 541(35.21)
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Dietary Diversity Scores of Study Subjects ()

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变量n(%) t/FP
性别-8.37<0.001
6 308(48.91)5.56±1.37
6 588(51.09)5.35±1.40
年龄(岁)22.76<0.001
<608 567(66.43)5.65±1.37
≥604 329(33.57)5.07±1.34
民族60.95<0.001
汉族374(2.90)6.09±1.35
壮族12 134(94.09)5.42±1.38
其他388(3.01)5.89±1.53
教育509.63<0.001
小学及以下6 357(49.29)5.13±1.33
初中3 818(29.61)5.53±1.32
高中及以上2 721(21.10)6.10±1.38
年收入351.87<0.001
<1万元2 324(18.02)5.00±1.37
1~2.99万元4 268(33.10)5.24±1.33
≥3万6 304(48.88)5.77±1.36
地区-28.70<0.001
城镇2 766(21.53)5.28±1.33
农村10 120(78.47)6.10±1.42
职业8.46<0.001
非体力劳动3 034(25.53)5.64±1.44
体力劳动9 862(76.47)5.40±1.37
BMI16.41<0.001
正常6 491(50.33)5.43±1.40
偏瘦781(6.06)5.22±1.40
超重及肥胖5 624(43.61)5.51±1.37
合计12 8965.45±1.39
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研究对象膳食多样化得分情况(

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变量n(%) t/FP
性别-8.37<0.001
6 308(48.91)5.56±1.37
6 588(51.09)5.35±1.40
年龄(岁)22.76<0.001
<608 567(66.43)5.65±1.37
≥604 329(33.57)5.07±1.34
民族60.95<0.001
汉族374(2.90)6.09±1.35
壮族12 134(94.09)5.42±1.38
其他388(3.01)5.89±1.53
教育509.63<0.001
小学及以下6 357(49.29)5.13±1.33
初中3 818(29.61)5.53±1.32
高中及以上2 721(21.10)6.10±1.38
年收入351.87<0.001
<1万元2 324(18.02)5.00±1.37
1~2.99万元4 268(33.10)5.24±1.33
≥3万6 304(48.88)5.77±1.36
地区-28.70<0.001
城镇2 766(21.53)5.28±1.33
农村10 120(78.47)6.10±1.42
职业8.46<0.001
非体力劳动3 034(25.53)5.64±1.44
体力劳动9 862(76.47)5.40±1.37
BMI16.41<0.001
正常6 491(50.33)5.43±1.40
偏瘦781(6.06)5.22±1.40
超重及肥胖5 624(43.61)5.51±1.37
合计12 8965.45±1.39
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Food intake of normal and hypertensive populations

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食物种类合计(%)非高血压人群(%)高血压人群(%)ZP
谷薯类12 875(99.84)8 340(99.82)4 535(99.87)-0.640.524
蔬菜类12 710(98.56)8 220(98.38)4 990(98.88)-2.240.025
水果类10 344(80.21)6 781(81.16)3 563(78.46)-3.67<0.001
畜肉类12 389(96.07)8 053(96.39)4 336(95.49)-2.510.012
水产品8 256(64.02)5 495(65.77)2 761(60.80)-5.61<0.001
蛋类7 578(58.76)5 137(61.48)2 441(53.75)-8.52<0.001
乳制品1 808(14.02)1 277(15.28)531(11.69)-5.61<0.001
坚果类2 773(21.50)1 828(21.88)945(20.81)-1.410.158
油脂类1 600(12.41)1 094(13.09)506(11.14)-3.210.001
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正常人群与高血压人群食物摄入情况

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食物种类合计(%)非高血压人群(%)高血压人群(%)ZP
谷薯类12 875(99.84)8 340(99.82)4 535(99.87)-0.640.524
蔬菜类12 710(98.56)8 220(98.38)4 990(98.88)-2.240.025
水果类10 344(80.21)6 781(81.16)3 563(78.46)-3.67<0.001
畜肉类12 389(96.07)8 053(96.39)4 336(95.49)-2.510.012
水产品8 256(64.02)5 495(65.77)2 761(60.80)-5.61<0.001
蛋类7 578(58.76)5 137(61.48)2 441(53.75)-8.52<0.001
乳制品1 808(14.02)1 277(15.28)531(11.69)-5.61<0.001
坚果类2 773(21.50)1 828(21.88)945(20.81)-1.410.158
油脂类1 600(12.41)1 094(13.09)506(11.14)-3.210.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240748860449027070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375277738586302, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

DDS score and binary logistic regression analysis of hypertension

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βOR95% CIP
模型1-0.120.89(0.87,0.91)<0.001
模型2-0.060.94(0.91,0.97)<0.001
模型3-0.0510.95(0.92,0.98)0.001
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DDS评分与高血压二元logistic回归分析

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βOR95% CIP
模型1-0.120.89(0.87,0.91)<0.001
模型2-0.060.94(0.91,0.97)<0.001
模型3-0.0510.95(0.92,0.98)0.001
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广西地区35~74岁居民膳食多样化与高血压关系分析
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黄秋菊 1, 2 , 欧柳娟 1 , 陈曼琳 1 , 吴晓林 1 , 文俊上 1 , 覃鑫 1 , 曾小云 1, 3 , 苏莉 1 , 何敏 1 , 余红平 1 , 仇小强 1 , 刘顺 1 , 黄东萍 1
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(8): 1406-1411
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(8): 1406-1411
广西地区35~74岁居民膳食多样化与高血压关系分析
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黄秋菊1, 2, 欧柳娟1, 陈曼琳1, 吴晓林1, 文俊上1, 覃鑫1, 曾小云1, 3, 苏莉1, 何敏1, 余红平1, 仇小强1, 刘顺1 , 黄东萍1
作者信息
  • 1.广西医科大学公共卫生学院,广西 南宁530021
  • 2.柳州市人民医院
  • 3.桂林医学院
  • 黄秋菊(1973—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与食品卫生学

    欧柳娟(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与食品卫生学

通讯作者:

黄东萍,E-mail:
刘顺,E-mail:
Relationship between dietary diversity and hypertension among residents aged 35-74, Guangxi
Qiu-ju HUANG1, 2, Liu-juan OU1, Man-lin CHEN1, Xiao-lin WU1, Jun-shang WEN1, Xin QIU1, Xiao-yun ZENG1, 3, Li SU1, Min HE1, Hong-ping YU1, Xiao-qiang QIU1, Shun LIU1 , Dong-ping HUANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311361
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目的

以膳食多样化评分为评价指标,了解广西地区35~74岁居民膳食多样化与高血压情况,并分析膳食多样化与该人群发生高血压的关系,为改进本地区膳食多样性,从膳食上控制高血压提供参考依据。

方法

本次研究采用现况研究方式进行,研究对象来自于“广西少数民族自然人群慢性病前瞻性队列研究”中35~74岁广西居民,对其进行了基线调查和体格测量。通过食物频率调查表,计算膳食多样性评分(Dietary diversity score,DDS),采用二元logistic回归模型探讨其与高血压发生的关系,并进一步采用限制性立方样条模型探讨DDS与高血压的剂量-反应关系。

结果

本研究共纳入12 896名研究对象,筛选出4 541名(35.21%)高血压患者。广西地区35~74岁居民DDS为(5.45±1.39)分。研究对象谷薯类食物摄入频率高,乳制品的摄入频率较低。DDS进行二元logistic回归分析模型结果显示,在调整相关混杂因素后,DDS是高血压的保护因素(OR=0.95,95% CI:0.92~0.98,P=0.001)。限制性立方样条模型结果显示,DDS与高血压患病风险之间呈线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性=0.787),随着DDS的升高,高血压的患病风险呈线性降低。

结论

广西地区35~74岁居民高血压患病率较高,膳食多样化程度较低,增加居民膳食多样化可能可以降低高血压的发生率。

广西居民  /  膳食多样化  /  高血压
Objective

To evaluate the relationship between dietary diversity and hypertension among residents aged 35-74 in the Guangxi Province, to analyze the association between dietary diversity and hypertension by assessing the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), and to provide reference for improving dietary diversity and controlling hypertension in the local population.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included participants from the Prospective Cohort Study on Chronic Diseases in Guangxi Ethnic Minority Population. Baseline surveys and physical measurements were conducted on residents aged 35-74. A dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire. Binary logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between DDS and hypertension, and restricted cubic spline models were used to examine the dose-response relationship between DDS and hypertension.

Results

A total of 12 896 participants were included, among whom 4541 (35.21%) were diagnosed with hypertension. The mean DDS of residents aged 35-74 in Guangxi was (5.45±1.39). The consumption frequency of cereals and tubers was high, while the intake of dairy products was relatively low. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, DDS was a protective factor for hypertension (OR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98, P=0.001). The restricted cubic spline model demonstrated a linear dose-response relationship between DDS and hypertension (Poverall trend<0.05, Pnon-linearity=0.787). As DDS increased, the risk of hypertension linearly decreased.

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension is high among residents aged 35-74 in the Guangxi Province, while the level of dietary diversity is relatively low. Increasing dietary diversity may help reduce the incidence of hypertension.

Guangxi residents  /  Dietary Diversity Score  /  Hypertension
黄秋菊, 欧柳娟, 陈曼琳, 吴晓林, 文俊上, 覃鑫, 曾小云, 苏莉, 何敏, 余红平, 仇小强, 刘顺, 黄东萍. 广西地区35~74岁居民膳食多样化与高血压关系分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1406 -1411 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311361
Qiu-ju HUANG, Liu-juan OU, Man-lin CHEN, Xiao-lin WU, Jun-shang WEN, Xin QIU, Xiao-yun ZENG, Li SU, Min HE, Hong-ping YU, Xiao-qiang QIU, Shun LIU, Dong-ping HUANG. Relationship between dietary diversity and hypertension among residents aged 35-74, Guangxi[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1406 -1411 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311361
高血压疾病因其患病率高、增长速度快、疾病负担重,已成为全球突出的公共卫生问题,也是导致城乡居民心血管疾病死亡的最重要的危险因素[1-2]。高血压的发生是多种因素共同作用的结果,其中膳食对高血压的发生发展具有重要的影响[3-4]。膳食多样化(Dietary diversity, DD)是指膳食中包含多种同类或不同类的食物[5-7]。膳食多样化评价指标主要是基于食物组的膳食多样化评分(Dietary diversity score,DDS),DDS都可以简单而又有效地分析评价膳食营养素的充足状态及膳食整体质量[5,8]。然而,有关广西地区居民膳食多样化报道较少,与高血压关系的研究更未见报道。本研究基于广西少数民族自然人群慢性病前瞻性队列研究,了解广西地区膳食多样化与高血压的关联,为制定合理的膳食指南及预防高血压提供理论基础。
本研究对象来自“华南自然人群队列”的子课题“广西少数民族自然人群慢性病前瞻性队列研究”项目,该项目采用现况研究方式,首先进行基线调查,通过问卷调查收集研究对象的健康状况、行为生活方式等相关信息,分别招募了职业人群、城镇人群和农村人群开展研究。该研究通过了广西医科大学伦理委员会的审查,已征得所有研究对象知情同意并签署了知情同意书。经过统一培训的调查人员,采用面对面问卷调查的形式收集研究对象信息。调查内容包括研究对象的一般情况、个人健康状况、吸烟情况、饮食情况方面的内容。纳入标准:(1)籍贯为广西,并在当地居住5年以上;(2)年龄≥35岁且≤74岁;(3)神志清楚,能正常交流;(4)自愿参加,签署知情同意书。经筛选,本研究最终纳入研究对象12 896名广西居民作为研究对象。
研究对象的膳食摄入情况通过膳食频率问卷收集,膳食消费频率选项包括每天、5~6天/周、3~4天/周、1~2天/周、≤3次/月、不吃或极少吃。根据《中国膳食指南(2022)》[9],并结合广西地区饮食习惯,问卷内容包括9个食物组:1)谷薯类食物,包括大米、面食、杂粮类食品等;2)蔬菜类食物,包括新鲜蔬菜、咸菜等;3)水果类食物;4)畜禽肉类食物,包括畜肉类及制品、家禽及制品;5)水产品类食物,包括鱼/虾/贝等;6)蛋类食物,包括蛋类及制品等;7)奶及奶制品类,包括牛奶/酸奶等;8)坚果类食物,包括花生/核桃/杏仁等;9)油脂类食物,包括甜食/点心/蛋糕等。膳食多样化评分(DDS)计算方法为每一类食物每周至少有1天消费计1分,其他摄入食用频率计0分,同一种类食物不重复计分,不计消费次数和数量,得分范围为0~9分,分数越高代表膳食多样性越好[10-12]
采用《成人体重标准》[13],计算身体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI):BMI=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。将人群分为正常(18.5~23.9 kg/m2)、偏瘦(<18.5 kg/m2)、超重和肥胖(≥24.0 kg/m2)。高血压的评定采用以下标准进行,满足条件之一即为高血压:(1)自我报告有高血压;(2)目前正在服用降压药;(3)研究对象在静坐5 min后,连续两次测量高血压,每次测量间隔至少1 min:平均收缩压≥140 mm Hg和(或)平均舒张压≥90 mm Hg[1]
研究对象一般资料采用频数、构成比、等进行统计描述;采用独立样本t检验和方差分析比较不同人群膳食多样化得分;采用Wilcoxon检验比较不同人群食物种类摄入情况;进一步采用二元logistic回归模型分析DDS与高血压发生的关系,以是否患有高血压为因变量,DDS得分作为自变量,建立3个分析模型[414-16]:模型1为未调整混杂因素模型,模型2调整年龄和性别,模型3调整性别、年龄、民族、教育、年收入、职业、地区和BMI。应用限制性立方样条模型(选取3个节点)分析DDS与高血压患病之间的剂量-反应关系。使用SPSS 23.0软件和R 4.3.1软件分析处理数据。检验水准α=0.05。
本次研究共纳入研究对象12 896名。按照诊断标准,共筛选出4 541例高血压患者,高血压患病率为35.21%,其中女性2 337例(51.46%),男性2 204例(48.54%)。<60岁人群高血压患病率高于≥60岁人群。教育程度越高,高血压患病率越低。超重及肥胖人群高血压患病率较高。高血压人群在不同性别、年龄、民族、教育水平、年收入、地区、职业和BMI水平中的分布存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。见表1
广西35~74岁居民DDS得分为(5.45±1.39)分。其中,男性DDS得分为(5.56±1.37),高于女性DDS得分(5.35±1.40);<60岁人群DDS得分(5.65±1.37)高于≥60岁人群;教育程度和年收入越高,DDS得分越高;农村人群DDS得分(6.10±1.42)高于城镇居民(5.28±1.33);非体力劳动者得分(5.64±1.44)高于体力劳动者。DDS得分在不同性别、年龄、民族、教育程度、年收入、地区、职业和BMI中均存在统计学意义(均有P<0.001),见表2
广西地区35~74岁居民在谷薯类、蔬菜类食物摄入频率较高,而乳制品及油脂类食物摄入频率较低。其中,高血压人群在水果类、畜肉类、水产品类、蛋类、乳制品类和油脂类食物的摄入频率均低于非高血压人群(均有P<0.05)。见表3
本研究建立二元logistic回归模型分析DDS与高血压发生的关系。结果显示:在未调整混杂因素前,DDS是高血压的保护因素;在调整相关混杂因素后,DDS仍与高血压存在统计学关联(均有P<0.05),且为高血压的保护因素(OR=0.95,95% CI:0.92~0.98,P=0.001)。DDS每增加一分,高血压的风险降低5.00%。见表4
调整相关混杂因素之后,DDS得分与高血压患病风险之间呈线性剂量-反应关系(P总趋势<0.05,P非线性=0.787;OR=1.00,DDS=6.0),随着DDS得分的升高,高血压的患病风险呈线性降低。见图1
本研究结果显示,广西地区35~74岁人群中高血压患病率为35.21%,高于我国中老年人人群高血压患病率(34.38%)[17]和山东地区15~79岁人群高血压患病率(31.41%)[18],提示广西地区居民高血压患病率较高,流行趋势严重,与冯世雄等人研究结果一致[16]。其中,女性高血压患病率较高,与相关研究结果一致[19-20],这可能与女性更关注自身健康,积极采取健康的生活方式有关[17,21]。农村高血压患病率高于城镇,与已有研究结果一致[22-23],一方面可能与农村居民医疗资源不够充足,早期血压升高的预防和治疗不够及时有关,另一方面可能与教育水平和健康意识相对缺乏,对《中国居民膳食指南》相关知识知晓率较城镇居民低有关[24]
广西居民DDS得分为(5.45±1.39)分,低于云南会泽县DDS得分(8.69±1.97)[25]和内蒙古乌海市DDS得分[26]。其中,社会经济水平较高的人群,DDS得分相应较高,与相关研究结果一致[26]。广西居民的饮食结构为典型的南方膳食结构(以大米、蔬菜和猪肉为主)[27-28],食物种类较单一。其中,乳制品类食物摄入频率较低,远低于我国8大城市的乳制品摄入量[29]。乳制品是蛋白质和钙的良好来源,应当增加乳制品的摄入量,满足人体营养需要。
本研究通过建立不同的模型分析DDS与高血压的关系,发现DDS得分与高血压存在关联性,为高血压的保护因素,与相关研究结果一致[7,30]。另外,本研究在logistic回归模型的基础上应用限制性立方样条模型分析膳食多样化与高血压的关系,发现随着DDS得分的升高,高血压的患病风险呈线性降低。膳食多样性会增加各种微量营养素和植物化学物的摄入,这些物质具有保护人体、预防心血管疾病和癌症等慢性非传染病的作用。有研究指出[31],膳食多样性可能会增加饮食中抗氧化能力,增加膳食多样性与氧化应激和慢性病发病率的降低有关。
本研究基于较大规模人群内探讨了膳食多样化与高血压人群之间的关系,对广西35~74岁居民膳食习惯构建了简单且有效的膳食多样化评分,并发现膳食多样化与高血压存在关联,且结果具有一定的稳定性。但本研究也存在一些局限性:(1)本研究属于现况调查,无法确定膳食多样性与高血压的因果关系;(2)本研究的膳食调查属于回顾性调查,研究对象很难准确的回忆起过去进食的食物种类和频率;(3)膳食调查只包括了广西地区35~74岁居民日常的膳食种类,由于不同地区有着不同的饮食结构,无法纳入人群的所有饮食,一定程度上影响结果的外推。今后需进一步开展随访调查和干预研究,进一步明确关联机制。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2017YFC09071030)
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2024年第51卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311361
  • 接收时间:2023-11-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-19
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国家重点研发计划(2017YFC09071030)
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    1.广西医科大学公共卫生学院,广西 南宁530021
    2.柳州市人民医院
    3.桂林医学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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