Article(id=1240375276945862844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401163, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704816000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658111082, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658111082, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658111082, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658111082, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375270163673092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658109465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658579758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1390, endPage=1395, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375278606807276, articleId=1240375276945862844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Progress of different programmed cell death pathways in benzene induced hematotoxicity, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Benzene has clear carcinogenicity and can lead to leukemia, posing a serious threat to the occupational health of workers with benzene exposure. Exploring the mechanism of benzene induced hematotoxicity is of great significance for precise prevention and control of the health effects of benzene. With the continuous development of molecular biological methods, multiple forms of programmed cell death (PCD) have recently been discovered, and related research involves multiple fields. Some studies have reported that some PCD are related to the mechanism of benzene induced hematotoxicity. This article reviews relevant literature through platforms such as PubMed and CNKI, briefly elaborating on the molecular mechanisms of cell death programs such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, and discussing the role and impact of reported forms of PCD in benzene induced hematotoxicity, in order to provide new directions and suggestions for in-depth research on the mechanism of benzene hematotoxicity from the perspective of PCD.

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苯具有明确致癌性,可以导致白血病,严重危害涉苯劳动者职业健康,探索苯诱导血液毒性机制对于精准防控苯的健康影响意义重大。随着分子生物学技术不断发展,新近发现多个程序性细胞死亡(PCD)形式,相关研究涉及多个领域,并有研究报道部分PCD与苯诱导血液毒性作用机制有关。本文通过PubMed和CNKI等平台查阅相关文献,简要阐述细胞凋亡、细胞自噬、细胞焦亡和铁死亡等细胞死亡程序的分子机制,讨论已报道的PCD形式在苯诱导血液毒性中的作用及影响,以期为从PCD角度深入研究苯血液毒性作用机制提供新的方向和建议。

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刘保峰,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ycjJnKMV7LjFT5YlUEpU8Q==, magXml=dL7lIMp2/Nlxth18hKBNew==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xCQBTUEau88NwhxmSnanXg==, pdfFileSize=789992, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=A2LLtNHnMl85zbLjSycYgg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

秦汝男(1993—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:职业中毒预防控制

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不同类型程序性细胞死亡在苯致血液毒性作用中的研究进展
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秦汝男 , 刘保峰 , 李旭东 , 李培 , 曾强
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024,51(8): 1390-1395
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024, 51(8): 1390-1395
不同类型程序性细胞死亡在苯致血液毒性作用中的研究进展
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秦汝男, 刘保峰 , 李旭东, 李培, 曾强
作者信息
  • 天津市疾病预防控制中心职业健康所,天津 300011
  • 秦汝男(1993—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:职业中毒预防控制

通讯作者:

刘保峰,E-mail:
Progress of different programmed cell death pathways in benzene induced hematotoxicity
Ru-nan QIN, Bao-feng LIU , Xu-dong LI, Pei LI, Qiang ZENG
Affiliations
  • Institute for Occupational Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401163
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苯具有明确致癌性,可以导致白血病,严重危害涉苯劳动者职业健康,探索苯诱导血液毒性机制对于精准防控苯的健康影响意义重大。随着分子生物学技术不断发展,新近发现多个程序性细胞死亡(PCD)形式,相关研究涉及多个领域,并有研究报道部分PCD与苯诱导血液毒性作用机制有关。本文通过PubMed和CNKI等平台查阅相关文献,简要阐述细胞凋亡、细胞自噬、细胞焦亡和铁死亡等细胞死亡程序的分子机制,讨论已报道的PCD形式在苯诱导血液毒性中的作用及影响,以期为从PCD角度深入研究苯血液毒性作用机制提供新的方向和建议。

苯  /  程序性细胞死亡  /  血液毒性  /  职业健康

Benzene has clear carcinogenicity and can lead to leukemia, posing a serious threat to the occupational health of workers with benzene exposure. Exploring the mechanism of benzene induced hematotoxicity is of great significance for precise prevention and control of the health effects of benzene. With the continuous development of molecular biological methods, multiple forms of programmed cell death (PCD) have recently been discovered, and related research involves multiple fields. Some studies have reported that some PCD are related to the mechanism of benzene induced hematotoxicity. This article reviews relevant literature through platforms such as PubMed and CNKI, briefly elaborating on the molecular mechanisms of cell death programs such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, and discussing the role and impact of reported forms of PCD in benzene induced hematotoxicity, in order to provide new directions and suggestions for in-depth research on the mechanism of benzene hematotoxicity from the perspective of PCD.

Benzene  /  Programmed cell death  /  Hematotoxicity  /  Occupational health
秦汝男, 刘保峰, 李旭东, 李培, 曾强. 不同类型程序性细胞死亡在苯致血液毒性作用中的研究进展. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1390 -1395 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401163
Ru-nan QIN, Bao-feng LIU, Xu-dong LI, Pei LI, Qiang ZENG. Progress of different programmed cell death pathways in benzene induced hematotoxicity[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1390 -1395 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401163
苯作为一种常见的化工原料,广泛用于生成合成橡胶、染料、油漆、粘合剂等[1-2],涉及行业包括箱包制造、家具制造、喷漆、造漆、制药等,职业暴露人群数量庞大,全国约有50万人从事接苯/含苯溶剂作业[3]。苯是已知的人类肯定致癌物[4],充分证据表明长期密切接触苯会导致以造血系统损害为主的全身性疾病,严重时引起白血病[5]。随着苯的毒性被广泛关注,尽管作业场所空气中苯浓度已大多控制在接触限值以下,但有研究表示长时间反复接触低浓度苯对人体血液系统也会产生毒性作用[6],且有基因毒性的致癌物不具有阈值效应[7],这意味着苯暴露的职业健康影响仍长期存在。
程序性细胞死亡(Programmed cell death,PCD)是受基因调控的一种自发、有序的细胞死亡类型[8-9],包括传统的细胞凋亡、自噬和新近发现的细胞焦亡、铁死亡等,研究发现PCD在肿瘤、感染性疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、代谢相关脂肪性肝病等多种疾病中发挥重要调节作用[9-10],引起了专家学者的广泛关注,这或许可为苯中毒、苯致白血病的诊疗带来新的突破。本文就目前已报道的PCD在苯诱导血液毒性作用中的影响做一综述,以期为今后苯血液毒性基础研究提供参考。
细胞凋亡是多细胞生物中常规进行的一种生理过程,其形态学特征为细胞体积缩小,染色质凝集,核碎块化,膜泡化形成凋亡小体[11]。凋亡小体可被邻近细胞或吞噬细胞吞噬消化,对周围组织损伤较小[8]。目前,针对凋亡通路及相关调节因子研究被广泛阐述,凋亡调控机制涉及能量依赖性的分子事件级联,主要包括死亡受体调控的外源性途径和线粒体调控的内源性途径,涉及调节分子主要包括半胱氨酸蛋白酶(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase, caspases)、B淋巴细胞瘤2(B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl-2)家族、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)家族、凋亡抑制蛋白(inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, IAPs)和抑癌基因p53[12-14],其中,Caspases是细胞凋亡的关键酶原,抑癌基因p53通过激活促凋亡因子和抑制抗凋亡因子,发挥启动细胞凋亡、在可恢复细胞中诱导细胞停滞和DNA修复的作用,此外,pRb、p21等细胞周期调节因子也可影响细胞凋亡程序[15-17]。内质网应激也会激活相关凋亡信号通路。针对凋亡机制而设计的部分药物和疗法在临床上被证实有效[18],例如Bcl-2选择性抑制剂Venetoclax,即通过内源性途径诱导细胞凋亡,在临床上被批准用于治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病、小细胞淋巴瘤,或者联合阿糖胞苷、阿扎胞苷等治疗成人急性髓性白血病[19]
细胞凋亡参与包括癌症在内的多种人类疾病的发生发展。近年来,关于凋亡机制在苯毒性作用中的影响的研究较多,发现细胞凋亡是苯诱导血液毒性的重要机制。李攀登等[20]研究发现苯代谢物氢醌(HQ)可诱导人组织细胞淋巴瘤细胞(U937)凋亡, 可能与调控凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax及Caspase-3的表达有关。同样,任婧等[21]采用苯代谢物1,4苯醌(1,4-BQ)染毒人外周血B淋巴细胞(AHH-1),发现长链非编码RNA-TC( Lnc-TC)可通过调控caspase-3表达显著上调,诱导细胞凋亡,提示苯可通过促进细胞凋亡诱导苯造血抑制。张倩倩等[22]表示1,4-BQ会诱导人早幼粒白血病细胞(HL-60)凋亡率和凋亡相关蛋白表达增高,但联合应用外泌体抑制剂(中性鞘磷脂酶抑制剂,GW4869)后,发现抑制外泌体分泌可增加1,4-BQ诱导的细胞凋亡,即1,4-BQ能增加细胞外泌体释放进而降低细胞凋亡率,但这种效应在10 μmol /L 1,4-BQ处理浓度以下表现显著,当处理浓度增加至20 μmol /L 时,外泌体释放量降低,外泌体的细胞保护作用减弱,考虑与1,4-BQ暴露剂量增加,细胞存活率降低有关,此时1,4-BQ诱导的细胞凋亡效应显著。考虑从抑制凋亡关键蛋白和增加细胞外泌体分泌角度研制诊疗方案,或许对于苯造血抑制毒性作用的干预会有重要意义。Wang等[23]在一项基于皮革、鞋和机器制造企业苯暴露工人的人群队列研究中,收集劳动者外周血,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)分析基因定量表达情况,发现苯暴露劳动者lincRNA-p21和p21表达上调,进而改变细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡,而miRNA-17-5p表达下调,分析lincRNA-p21可能是作为miRNA-17-5p的竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)促进p21翻译,提出苯可通过lincRNA-p21/miRNA-17-5p/p21信号通路诱导血液毒性。随后,Wang等[24]以let-7e-5p/p21和let-7e-5p/caspase-3通路作为研究基础,首次对let-7e-5p的抑制与苯致细胞凋亡之间的关联进行研究,发现let-7e-5p在BIAA小鼠模型和苯暴露人群中表达显著下调,let-7e-5p过表达通过下调Caspase-3和p21来抑制细胞周期停滞和凋亡,从而抑制1,4-BQ的血液毒性。这些结果提示let-7e-5p在苯调控细胞凋亡致血液毒性中发挥重要作用,可作为苯诱导血液毒性的新型生物标志物和干预靶点。
目前有关苯诱导细胞凋亡致血液毒性的研究较为明确,共识苯的活性代谢产物诱导骨髓细胞过度凋亡是苯造血抑制的重要原因。但苯及其代谢物引起的血液系统毒性过程错综复杂,不同细胞死亡形式可相互影响发挥协同或拮抗作用,因此细胞凋亡与其他细胞死亡形式间的作用关系还需进一步阐述。
自噬是所有真核生物中高度保守且严密协调的过程,根据细胞内容物进入溶酶体的不同方式分类,自噬可分为微自噬、大自噬和伴侣介导的自噬(CMA),其中大自噬是最常见的一种类型[25]。微自噬是指胞质内容物通过溶酶体膜内陷或变形进入溶酶体内降解的过程;大自噬是由内质网、高尔基体或细胞质膜等来源的膜,包裹待降解物形成自噬体,并与溶酶体融合形成自噬溶酶体,降解其所包裹的内容物;与前两种不同,CMA具有高度特异性,通过伴侣识别含特定KFERQ样基序(一种序列为Lys-Phe-Glu-Arg-Gln的五肽基序)靶蛋白,然后,溶酶体膜上的受体蛋白特异性识别结合蛋白的KFERQ基团,使靶蛋白跨膜转运进入溶酶体降解[26]。如根据自噬对待降解底物的选择性不同进行分类,自噬可包括线粒体自噬、内质网自噬、过氧化物酶体自噬等。自噬功能障碍与心脏病、神经变性、癌症、衰老和代谢疾病等[27-28]多种疾病相关,目前PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路在自噬相关信号通路中研究较多。
自噬是细胞维持稳态的重要手段。覃琼玉等[29]体外实验研究证实,1,4-BQ可诱导HL60细胞发生自噬,且应用抗氧化剂干预可有效抑制自噬发生,可见1,4-BQ诱导的细胞自噬与氧化应激途径有关。张春晓等人[30]研究发现1,4-BQ可诱导PINK1/Parkin途径的线粒体自噬。孙凤梅等[31]报道1, 4-BQ可引起人慢性髓原白血病细胞(K562)自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ、P62表达增加,表示可能通过增加自噬体合成和减少自噬体在溶酶体中的降解从而增加细胞自噬。另有研究[32]发现HQ可诱导Jurkat细胞内自噬水平增加,其作用机制可能与PI3K/Akt和Akt/Foxo3a信号通路有关。以上研究表示苯暴露可引起自噬发生,自噬在苯血液毒性中起关键作用,初步识别苯暴露可诱导LC3-Ⅱ、P62、PINK1、Parkin等自噬相关蛋白表达增加,靶向调控自噬相关分子可能成为苯中毒临床诊疗的一种有效策略,但值得注意的是,细胞自噬往往在疾病发生发展中发挥着双重作用[18],即自噬的缺陷会导致氧化应激损伤的蛋白质和细胞器的清除失败,加速疾病进展,过度的自噬则会导致细胞死亡或凋亡增加,因此靶向自噬调控的治疗策略的安全性仍需进一步探索。
细胞焦亡是近年来新发现的一种由caspase-1/4/5/11触发和Gasdermin(GSDM)家族蛋白介导形成细胞膜孔道的程序性细胞死亡过程[33],会导致细胞肿胀、质膜溶解、染色质碎裂和释放促炎细胞因子[34]。该种PCD是通过病原体来源的病原相关分子模式及机体内部来源的危险相关分子模式作用于模式识别受体及下游凋亡相关斑点样蛋白,激活多蛋白复合物即炎症小体组装,引起炎性因子释放及细胞膜孔形成,诱导细胞破裂[35-36]。细胞焦亡可分为Caspase-1依赖的经典焦亡途径和Caspase-4/-5/-11、Caspase-3或Caspase-8依赖的非经典焦亡途径。目前,已鉴别出经典炎症小体主要包括NLRP3、NLRP1、AIM2、Pyrin等,其中NLRP3炎性小体介导的细胞焦亡在心血管疾病中研究较为广泛[37]。目前焦亡有关研究大多关注影响焦亡炎症小体和促进焦亡的分子上,有研究表示[38]诱导焦亡可实现肿瘤免疫效能的提高,未来通过靶向干预焦亡调控分子,有望成为治疗癌症的有效手段。
慢性炎症可能是苯诱导外周血白细胞减少的重要毒作用机制之一[39],且慢性炎症可加速正常细胞向恶性细胞发展。而细胞焦亡正是一种炎性细胞死亡形式,该种PCD引起了专家学者的广泛关注。研究报道细胞焦亡可能与多种类型的血液疾病有关,细胞焦亡及炎症介质可能会促进骨髓增生异常综合征的发生发展[40]。有研究[41]对23名苯暴露劳动者的外周血和骨髓损伤进行表征,发现苯暴露劳动者骨髓形态与其免疫介导的炎症反应相一致,且炎症细胞因子TNF-a具有罕见遗传多态性的个体对苯暴露的影响更敏感,慢性炎症在苯诱导毒性作用中可能发挥着重要的作用[42],从焦亡炎性角度可能拓宽苯血液毒性认知。梁馨予[43]研究表示,苯代谢物HQ暴露后,可诱导人胚肾细胞(HEK293)自噬水平上调,自噬溶酶体降解,胞浆组织蛋白酶B(CTSB)水平增加,进而激活NLRP3炎症小体,促进caspase-1活化使IL-1β成熟并分泌,细胞炎症水平增加,发生细胞焦亡。Guo等人[44]采用人群研究,将140名受试者分为对照组和苯暴露组,收集外周血,采用qRT-PCR和ELISA法检测焦亡基因Casp1、4、5及炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8等表达水平,发现苯暴露会诱导焦亡相关基因的特异性表达和炎症反应,并通过1,4-BQ染毒AHH-1细胞验证苯诱导细胞焦亡情况,表示苯代谢物可通过甲基双加氧酶TET2直接调节Aim2/Casp1信号通路诱导细胞焦亡。以上研究提示细胞焦亡是苯毒性作用机制之一,TET2可能是苯血液毒性的一个潜在危险因素,或许可成为苯诱导血液毒性的新的生物标志物。
越来越多的研究关注内质网应激在诱导炎症小体激活中的关键作用[45-46],Yang等[47]利用HQ染毒人外周血淋巴细胞(JHP)进行体外实验,采用蛋白半定量检测和免疫荧光染色方法,研究发现HQ可以通过激活芳烃受体诱导氧化损伤、内质网应激,进而激活NLRP3炎症小体,促进细胞焦亡发生。内质网应激可以通过改善细胞内氧化应激水平参与调节HQ诱导的细胞焦亡,活性氧是NLRP3炎症小体激活的最初触发因素之一,也是细胞焦亡的驱动因素[48]。因此,早期通过干预活性氧产生降低氧化应激水平,或许可为调控细胞焦亡发生提供新的思路。
基于以上研究,细胞焦亡途径为苯致血液毒性的干预和治疗提供了新策略,但是焦亡相关分子功能的复杂性使其在应用中仍然面临很大挑战,有关苯调控细胞焦亡诱导血液毒性机制研究有待深入探索,未来需要开展更多的实验研究和临床验证,探寻特异性的生物标志物,针对标志物开发相应激动剂或拮抗剂,调控焦亡程序从而达到靶向诊疗的目的。
“铁死亡”是一种铁依赖性的新型细胞程序性死亡形式,形态学特征表现为线粒体变小、线粒体膜破裂、线粒体嵴减少或消失,无细胞质膜破裂[49]。铁积累增加、产生自由基、脂肪酸供应和脂质过氧化增多是诱导铁死亡的关键[50],可通过外源性(抑制细胞膜转运蛋白,或激活铁转运蛋白)和内源性途径(阻断细胞内抗氧化酶)激活。在生物化学上表现为细胞脂质过氧化水平增加、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)增加、细胞内铁增加,谷胱甘肽、过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)活性下降等。有研究表示[51]自噬可以调控铁死亡途径,通过降解铁蛋白,增加细胞内游离Fe2+含量,促进铁死亡。据报道[52],许多器官损伤和退行性疾病跟铁死亡机制有关,在肿瘤、肾功衰竭、神经退行性疾病、骨质疏松以及心血管疾病等发生发展中发挥重要作用。
铁是制造血细胞的重要元素之一,铁稳态是血液发育的一个关键因素[53],而苯毒性作用主要表现为造血毒性,故研究铁稳态在苯诱导血液毒性中的作用将有助于发现苯毒作用新机制。Zhang等[2]通过苯染毒小鼠实验发现暴露于50ppm苯8周的小鼠血清Fe2+水平降低,铁蛋白和炎症因子(TNF-α、IL6、IL1β)升高,表明[54]苯诱导了炎症性贫血,并破坏了体内的铁稳态,此外,苯暴露小鼠的脾脏和骨髓中出现铁沉积异常伴有炎症反应和铁死亡信号激活。1,4-BQ染毒体外研究发现,1,4-BQ诱导B淋巴细胞出现氧化应激,激活铁死亡,揭示了IRP1-DHODH-ALOX12轴通过感知铁稳态紊乱和炎症参与苯诱导铁死亡发生。Sun等[55]通过苯染毒小鼠构建血液毒性模型,也出现了氧化应激和铁死亡,且铁死亡抑制剂干预后可部分缓解苯的造血损伤,表示Xc-/GPX4轴和铁代谢失调,以及NRF2通路的激活在苯诱导铁死亡中起着重要作用。董双燕等[51]报道苯可通过激活自噬并降解铁相关蛋白促进铁死亡,自噬介导的铁死亡在苯诱导血液毒性中发挥了重要作用。Ren等[56]首次报道,Lnc-TC/miR-142-5p/CUL4B信号轴促进细胞铁死亡参与苯血液毒性作用。
这些研究进一步丰富了苯致血液毒性作用的机制研究,可以推断铁死亡途径在苯致健康损害中亦发挥着重要作用,未来通过开展更多苯调控铁死亡机制研究,有望发现更多影响铁死亡通路的生物指标,为苯致血液毒性治疗策略提供新的依据。
目前关于坏死性凋亡和铜死亡形式与苯致血液毒性机制的相关研究还鲜有报道。坏死性凋亡的启动主要与细胞表面受体TNFR1有关[57-58],是在抑制凋亡条件下发生的一种继发性细胞死亡形式,假激酶MLKL是坏死性凋亡的末端效应蛋白。有研究表示[59]坏死性凋亡失调在炎性和肿瘤的发生发展中发挥着重要作用,这提示坏死性凋亡或许参与苯暴露诱导血液毒性作用,有待探索。铜死亡是最新发现的一种由铜过量积累引起的PCD类型,为铜离子载体与硫辛酰化蛋白结合导致线粒体呼吸调节受抑制而死亡的过程[60],铜死亡相关研究尚处起步阶段,深入研究铜死亡分子机制及其在苯致血液毒性作用中的调控作用,可为苯中毒的靶向干预和诊疗提供新的手段。
职业性苯中毒仍是当前化学中毒领域需要攻关的主要难题,深入研究PCD,揭示其在苯诱导血液毒性作用中的影响,有助于为苯中毒防治寻找新的方向。但关于新近发现的几种PCD形式在苯致血液毒性作用中的影响研究有限,尚需进一步研究。基于以上研究发现ROS会参与激活多种PCD,考虑探寻抗氧化物质在苯致血液毒性作用中的应用可能会成为一种有效的干预机制。此外,PCD在疾病中的作用往往以多种形式存在,不同PCD间可能相互关联和干扰,即仅阻断其一个信号通路可能不足以在临床中产生预期效果,因此建议进一步研究不同PCD途径的共同结点,探索多靶点综合干预手段,协同利用多种PCD为苯中毒防治提供科学策略。
  • 天津市卫生健康科技项目(TJWJ2023QN088)
  • 天津市医学重点建设学科(TJYXZDXK-066B)
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2024年第51卷第8期
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  • 接收时间:2024-01-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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天津市医学重点建设学科(TJYXZDXK-066B)
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    天津市疾病预防控制中心职业健康所,天津 300011

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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