Article(id=1240375276497064510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312044, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701619200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658110974, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658110974, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658110974, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658110974, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375270163673092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658109465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658579758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1364, endPage=1369, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375278220923483, articleId=1240375276497064510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Applications of CNN-LSTM model based on intelligent algorithm optimization in the prediction of hand, foot and mouth disease, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Toanalyze the application of CNN-BiLSTM combination model and intelligent algorithm optimization in the prediction and early warning of HFMD incidence and to discussthe optimization model for predicting the incidence of HFMD, so as to provide reference for relevant departments to formulate prevention and control measures.

Methods

The monthly incidence data of hand, foot and mouth disease in Shanxi Province from January 2009 to December 2019 and the year-end resident population data released by the Shanxi Statistical Yearbook 2008-2020 were collected from January 2009 to December 2019.The monthly incidence data of hand, foot and mouth disease in Shanxi Province from January 2009 to December 2019 were used as sample modeling data to construct the corresponding models in MATLAB 7.6 software, and the prediction effect of each model was compared, and the optimal model was selected according to the principle that the smaller the error value and the higher the accuracy.

Results

By comparing the root mean square error and mean absolute error obtained by predicting the monthly incidence of foot and mouth disease of hand with different models, it can be seen that the CNN-BiLSTM model optimized based on intelligent algorithm is significantly better than the unoptimized CNN-BiLSTM combination model, that is, the values of RMSE and MAE of CNN-BiLSTM-PSO/GAPSO/SSA (1.943 3,1.309 7; 1.879 2, 1.240 2; 1.419 5, 1.169 1) is smaller than the corresponding CNN-BiLSTM model (2.066 3, 1.390 8), among which the CNN-BiLSTM-SSA combination model performs best.

Conclusion

The CNN-LSTM-SSA model has good predictive performance and accuracy in predicting the monthly incidence trend of HFMD, which can be used to predict the future incidence of HFMD in Shanxi Province.

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目的

分析LSTM模型、改进CNN-BiLSTM组合模型及智能算法优化在手足口病发病预测预警中的应用,以探讨预测手足口病发病趋势的最优模型,为相关部门制定防治措施提供参考。

方法

收集山西省疾病预防控制中心2009年1月至2019 年12月发布的山西省手足口病月度发病人数和《山西省统计年鉴2008—2020》发布的年末常住人口数据,据此测算出2009年1月至2019年12月山西省手足口病的月度发病率数据;以2009年1月至2019年12月山西省手足口病月度发病率数据作为样本建模数据分别在MATLAB 7.6软件构建相应的模型,对比各个模型的预测效果,根据误差值越小精度越高的原理,选出最优模型。

结果

使用RMSE、MAE误差指标对比不同模型在手足口病发病趋势中的预测效能,结果显示,改进的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型的预测效能优于单一的LSTM模型,而基于智能算法优化的CNN-BiLSTM模型明显优于未优化的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型,即CNN-BiLSTM-PSO/GAPSO/SSA的RMSE、MAE的值(1.943 3、1.309 7;1.879 2、1.240 2;1.419 5、1.169 1)小于对应的CNN-BiLSTM模型(2.066 3、1.390 8);其中,CNN-BiLSTM-SSA组合模型表现最优。

结论

基于单一时间序列预测模型(LSTM模型)与CNN-BiLSTM组合模型相比,CNN-BiLSTM组合模型的预测效果明显优于单一模型;对其CNN-BiLSTM组合模型进行智能算法(PSO/GAPSO/SSA算法)优化改进可发现,基于智能算法优化的组合模型明显优于未优化前,且SSA算法优化的CNN-BiLSTM模型效果更佳,具有较好的预测性能和精度,可用于山西省未来HFMD发病率的实时预测。

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白丽霞,E-mail:
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周浩(1994—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:传染病流行病学、医院感染及疾病预防

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周浩(1994—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:传染病流行病学、医院感染及疾病预防

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748861589876789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276497064510, language=CN, label=图6, caption=5种模型训练集(A)和测试集(B)预测值与实际值的对比图, figureFileSmall=mWGzUKzgHoaZpJraENidEg==, figureFileBig=N4ByWGwaNdvJcx0pe5QcBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748861686345784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276497064510, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of model prediction errors under different window lengths

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不同窗口长度6个月12个月
训练样本(99,6,1)(93,12,1)
测试样本(21,6,1)(15,12,1)
指标RMSE2.707 72.308 3
MAE1.802 41.448 2
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861770231869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276497064510, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同窗口长度下的模型预测误差比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不同窗口长度6个月12个月
训练样本(99,6,1)(93,12,1)
测试样本(21,6,1)(15,12,1)
指标RMSE2.707 72.308 3
MAE1.802 41.448 2
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861879283777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276497064510, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of model prediction errors with different numbers of nodes under a single hidden layer

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指标节点数(单隐层)
248163264128
RMSE4.873 72.303 63.023 14.313 35.210 92.198 21.637 2
MAE4.538 91.727 71.984 93.177 93.018 41.484 11.157 0
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861975752778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276497064510, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

单隐层下不同节点数的模型预测误差比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标节点数(单隐层)
248163264128
RMSE4.873 72.303 63.023 14.313 35.210 92.198 21.637 2
MAE4.538 91.727 71.984 93.177 93.018 41.484 11.157 0
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862076416076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276497064510, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of prediction errors under different models

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RMSEMAE
RMSE变化量改善率(%)RMSE变化量改善率(%)
LSTM2.308 3--1.448 2--
CNN-BiLSTM2.066 3--1.390 8--
CNN-BiLSTM-PSO1.943 3-0.123 05.900 01.309 7-0.081 15.800 0
CNN-BiLSTM-GAPSO1.879 2-0.187 19.100 01.240 2-0.150 610.800 0
CNN-BiLSTM-SSA1.419 5-0.646 831.300 01.169 1-0.221 715.900 0
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862193856593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276497064510, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同模型下预测误差比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RMSEMAE
RMSE变化量改善率(%)RMSE变化量改善率(%)
LSTM2.308 3--1.448 2--
CNN-BiLSTM2.066 3--1.390 8--
CNN-BiLSTM-PSO1.943 3-0.123 05.900 01.309 7-0.081 15.800 0
CNN-BiLSTM-GAPSO1.879 2-0.187 19.100 01.240 2-0.150 610.800 0
CNN-BiLSTM-SSA1.419 5-0.646 831.300 01.169 1-0.221 715.900 0
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基于智能算法优化的CNN-LSTM模型在手足口病预测中的应用
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周浩 1, 2 , 董阿莉 3 , 李虹 3 , 康娅楠 1, 2 , 杨启越 1, 2 , 王星雨 1, 2 , 白丽霞 1, 2, 4
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(8): 1364-1369
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(8): 1364-1369
基于智能算法优化的CNN-LSTM模型在手足口病预测中的应用
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周浩1, 2, 董阿莉3, 李虹3, 康娅楠1, 2, 杨启越1, 2, 王星雨1, 2, 白丽霞1, 2, 4
作者信息
  • 1.山西医科大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室,山西 太原 030001
  • 2.山西医科大学附属儿科医院
  • 3.山西省疾病预防控制中心
  • 4.山西省儿童医院(山西省妇幼保健院)
  • 周浩(1994—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:传染病流行病学、医院感染及疾病预防

通讯作者:

白丽霞,E-mail:
Applications of CNN-LSTM model based on intelligent algorithm optimization in the prediction of hand, foot and mouth disease
Hao ZHOU1, 2, A-li DONG3, Hong LI3, Ya-nan KANG1, 2, Qi-yue YANG1, 2, Xing-yu WANG1, 2, Li-xia BAI1, 2, 4
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312044
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目的

分析LSTM模型、改进CNN-BiLSTM组合模型及智能算法优化在手足口病发病预测预警中的应用,以探讨预测手足口病发病趋势的最优模型,为相关部门制定防治措施提供参考。

方法

收集山西省疾病预防控制中心2009年1月至2019 年12月发布的山西省手足口病月度发病人数和《山西省统计年鉴2008—2020》发布的年末常住人口数据,据此测算出2009年1月至2019年12月山西省手足口病的月度发病率数据;以2009年1月至2019年12月山西省手足口病月度发病率数据作为样本建模数据分别在MATLAB 7.6软件构建相应的模型,对比各个模型的预测效果,根据误差值越小精度越高的原理,选出最优模型。

结果

使用RMSE、MAE误差指标对比不同模型在手足口病发病趋势中的预测效能,结果显示,改进的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型的预测效能优于单一的LSTM模型,而基于智能算法优化的CNN-BiLSTM模型明显优于未优化的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型,即CNN-BiLSTM-PSO/GAPSO/SSA的RMSE、MAE的值(1.943 3、1.309 7;1.879 2、1.240 2;1.419 5、1.169 1)小于对应的CNN-BiLSTM模型(2.066 3、1.390 8);其中,CNN-BiLSTM-SSA组合模型表现最优。

结论

基于单一时间序列预测模型(LSTM模型)与CNN-BiLSTM组合模型相比,CNN-BiLSTM组合模型的预测效果明显优于单一模型;对其CNN-BiLSTM组合模型进行智能算法(PSO/GAPSO/SSA算法)优化改进可发现,基于智能算法优化的组合模型明显优于未优化前,且SSA算法优化的CNN-BiLSTM模型效果更佳,具有较好的预测性能和精度,可用于山西省未来HFMD发病率的实时预测。

手足口病  /  LSTM模型  /  CNN-LSTM组合模型  /  粒子群算法  /  麻雀搜索算法  /  GAPSO混合算法
Objective

Toanalyze the application of CNN-BiLSTM combination model and intelligent algorithm optimization in the prediction and early warning of HFMD incidence and to discussthe optimization model for predicting the incidence of HFMD, so as to provide reference for relevant departments to formulate prevention and control measures.

Methods

The monthly incidence data of hand, foot and mouth disease in Shanxi Province from January 2009 to December 2019 and the year-end resident population data released by the Shanxi Statistical Yearbook 2008-2020 were collected from January 2009 to December 2019.The monthly incidence data of hand, foot and mouth disease in Shanxi Province from January 2009 to December 2019 were used as sample modeling data to construct the corresponding models in MATLAB 7.6 software, and the prediction effect of each model was compared, and the optimal model was selected according to the principle that the smaller the error value and the higher the accuracy.

Results

By comparing the root mean square error and mean absolute error obtained by predicting the monthly incidence of foot and mouth disease of hand with different models, it can be seen that the CNN-BiLSTM model optimized based on intelligent algorithm is significantly better than the unoptimized CNN-BiLSTM combination model, that is, the values of RMSE and MAE of CNN-BiLSTM-PSO/GAPSO/SSA (1.943 3,1.309 7; 1.879 2, 1.240 2; 1.419 5, 1.169 1) is smaller than the corresponding CNN-BiLSTM model (2.066 3, 1.390 8), among which the CNN-BiLSTM-SSA combination model performs best.

Conclusion

The CNN-LSTM-SSA model has good predictive performance and accuracy in predicting the monthly incidence trend of HFMD, which can be used to predict the future incidence of HFMD in Shanxi Province.

HFMD  /  LSTM  /  CNN-LSTM  /  PSO  /  SSA  /  GAPSO
周浩, 董阿莉, 李虹, 康娅楠, 杨启越, 王星雨, 白丽霞. 基于智能算法优化的CNN-LSTM模型在手足口病预测中的应用. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1364 -1369 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312044
Hao ZHOU, A-li DONG, Hong LI, Ya-nan KANG, Qi-yue YANG, Xing-yu WANG, Li-xia BAI. Applications of CNN-LSTM model based on intelligent algorithm optimization in the prediction of hand, foot and mouth disease[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1364 -1369 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312044
手足口病(Hand-foot-mouth Disease, HFMD)是一种由多种肠道病毒感染的急性传染病,多发生于学龄前儿童。该病毒传染性强,在外界存活时间长,传播途径复杂,传播速度快,传播范围广,隐性感染比例大,易出现聚集性病例和暴发[1-3]。自2008年5月2日起,卫生部明确将手足口病列为丙类传染病管理。近年来,手足口病日趋严重,发病率和死亡率仍在上升,已然成为我国重点关注的公共卫生问题之一。因此,选择适当的方法开展手足口病疫情预测,对手足口病疫情研判和精准防控具有重大指导意义。目前,国内外许多学者在序列的特征提取、预测模型构建等关键技术领域开展了相关研究,其中基于参数的预测方法[4-6]和基于浅层机器学习的预测方法[7-8]在以往的手足口病发病率预测工作中已多次开展。近年来,深度学习模型已然成为当前研究的热点,广泛应用于时间序列预测领域[9-11]。长短时记忆网络模型在传染病领域已广泛应用,但LSTM网络本身无法捕捉数据的空间特征,必须人工将空间信息编码作为网络的输入,从而影响预测精度;其次,LSTM在训练过程中,序列的时空特性会造成模型的自适应学习率误差较大,进而影响预测精度[12]。群智能优化算法的出现极大的丰富了模型优化问题的理论研究。群智能优化算法由于不受目标函数的可微,可导影响、连续性和其他性质的约束,本实用新型稳定性更好、具有高效性,收敛快的优点。为了充分提取时间序列的空间特征,本研究提出了CNN-BiLSTM组合模型对山西省2009—2019年HFMD发病情况进行拟合和预测,并结合智能优化算法机制进行该模型的优化训练,以提高模型的预测精度,为疾病防控提供可靠性依据。
数据资料来源于公共卫生科学数据中心(https://www.phsciencedata.cn/Share/index.jsp)和山西省疾病预防控制中心,按发病日期检索山西省2009年1月至2019年12月的手足口病发病数据。山西省人口信息来源于《山西省统计年鉴》。
长短时记忆网络(Long short-term memory, LSTM)是循环神经网络 (Recurrent neural network, RNN)的一种特殊变体,Hochreiter和Schmidhuber在RNN的基础上进行了改进[13],引入门控单元系统,借助门的逻辑控制来决定数据单元是更新还是丢弃,更好地解决了梯度爆炸和消失问题[14]。LSTM不仅仅包含捕捉短期动态,还能够借助捕捉时间序列成分的长期动态(例如周期性、季节性和长期趋势)来增强RNN。LSTM采用input Gates(输入门)、output Gates(输出门)和forget Gates(遗忘门)对信息进行选择性控制,适当遗忘历史信息并依据新信息更新细胞状态。其结构如图1所示:
具体公式如下:
其中itftot分别表示输入门、遗忘门和输出门;Xtht-1Ct分别表示t时刻的输入、上一时刻隐含状态和上一时刻记忆细胞状态;σ表示Sigmoid函数。
BiLSTM作为LSTM的改进模型,在标准的LSTM结构中增加了一层逆向的LSTM,即由正向 LSTM和逆向LSTM组成,如图2所示。BiLSTM将时序数据分别传向正向LSTM和逆向 LSTM 从而可以得到两个不同的隐藏层特征,其训练过程同LSTM相同,分为信息的正向传播和误差的反向传递,之后通过线性融合得到最终结果。其优势在于同时考虑了过去与未来两个方向的信息,能更好的学习时间序列的特性和规律。
卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)是一类以卷积运算为核心的深度前馈神经网络,它拥有卷积层(convolutional layer)和池化层(pooling layer)构成的特征提取器。在卷积层中,每个神经元只连接到前一个输出层的一些神经元,并生成多个特征图,卷积核大多数情况采取使用权值共享来减少卷积模型的参数量,同时保证卷积运算的平移不变性;池化层局部整合了卷积操作的激活区域,常采取使用最大池化或平均池化两种策略,减少中间隐藏层的维数,减少下一层的计算量并予以旋转不变性[15]
尽管CNN模型能够对每个时间序列进行卷积操作,且对时间序列的局部特征具有较好的提取效果,但对时间序列特征并不敏感;而单独使用LSTM模型可以更好的提取出非线性数据信息,但无法得到时间序列的空间特征。因此采用CNN与LSTM相结合的方法,充分利用CNN的特征提取能力和LSTM对时间序列数据敏感性的特点,进一步改善模型的参数预测效果。CNN-LSTM网络模型主要由两部分组成:首先,通过CNN网络模型的卷积和池化操作确定数据的输入,以实现数据特征的提取和降维;LSTM网络模型的遗忘门、输入门和输出门通过大量数据的连续迭代训练调整自身参数,使它能从CNN网络中提取数据信息间的拟合关系,以便有效地动态输入和预测时间序列建模的输出数据;最后,通过CNN-LSTM网络拟合训练,数据输出预测值通过全连接神经元网络连接,整个预测过程需要通过数据训练以确定网络模型参数[16-17]。CNN-LSTM组合模型如图3所示。CNN-LSTM网络模型的训练流程如图4所示。
为了加快权重的拟合并提高网络输出的准确性和鲁棒性,为此引入智能优化算法。GA算法和PSO算法都是经典的智能进化算法,PSO算法简单,收敛速度快,但容易早熟,而GA算法全局搜索能力强,但收敛速度慢[18]。该方法不仅解决了单个PSO方法容易陷入局部最优化的缺陷,同时也解决了单个遗传优化方法在收敛速度上的不足,从而大大提高了PSO和GA的各阶段的综合性能,同时也大大提高了算法的整体稳定性。麻雀搜索算法(SSA)通过模拟麻雀的某些行为特征并将其应用于优化算法来解决全局优化问题,并对具有大量局部最优的实际问题提供一种全新的求解途径和方法,具有稳定性强、鲁棒性强、收敛速度快的特点[19]
本研究采用平均绝对误差(Mean Absolute Error, MAE)和均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)作为误差评估指标,来量化地分析该模型的预测结果,公式如下:
采用Excel 2021软件整理数据,双人录入双核验的方式。LSTM网络模型、CNN-BiLSTM组合模型及智能优化算法编程均采用MATLAB 7.6软件。
2009—2019年山西省累积报告发病283 903例,年均发病率为6.116 6/10万,2009年发病率最高(8.122 7/10万),2016年发病率最低(3.990 5/10万)。
山西省HFMD呈现明显的季节性流行特征,每年发病呈双峰变化趋势,主高峰在2017、2018年为7月,其余均为6月,而次高峰为10—11月,见图5
历史研究中使用SARIMA通过若干次差分使其成为平稳序列,会造成信息损失的不足。而本文使用对数据无平稳性要求且考虑时间相关性的LSTM模型及其改进模型CNN-BiLSTM对山西省手足口病的发病情况进行预测。由于合适的模型参数对预测性能有较大影响,因此,首先对模型的时间步长(窗口长度)、隐藏层层数及节点数进行调参以获得最优结果。鉴于不同的窗口长度对应不同的样本长度,在确定最佳窗口大小后,对山西省2009年1月至2019年12月的手足口病数据进行重构,并将重构数据分为训练集和测试集。本研究选取前80%的数据作为训练集,剩余数据作为测试集来验证模型性能,其中训练集的后12个数据作为作内部验证集来判断模型是否合适。同时为了比较LSTM、CNN-BiLSTM模型对同一数据集的预测性能,本文将其设置为相同参数,并将LSTM作为调参模型。
因HFMD的数据存在明显的季节周期性,因此我们将窗口长度设置为6个月、12个月。由于不同窗口长度会影响样本量,原始数据经归一化及数据重构后将其转换为LSTM模型输入要求的3D数据格式,其对应的输入数据格式如表1所示。结果显示,当窗口大小为12时,RMSE、MAE在不同隐藏层下都基本到达了最低点,意味着当时间序列存在周期性变化时,将其一个周期的数据作为输入时,模型预测性能达到最优。因此最终窗口长度确定为12。由此,可以确定输入层节点为 12,以预测下一个月手足口病的发病率,即输出层节点数为1。
本研究是在单隐层的结构下以确定隐藏层节点数。由于手足口病数据相对来说数据量不大,具体采用以隐藏层节点数为 2 的幂次方进行试验,见表2。结果显示,当隐藏层节点为 128 时,模型的 RMSE 、MAE两个评价指标均最小。表明在其它参数固定的情况下,模型在单隐层、节点数为128时,即可达到最优预测性能。
综上,本研究最终选择时间步长为12,即输入层节点数为12,预测下个月HFMD发病率,输出层节点数为1,隐藏层数为1,隐藏层节点数为128,迭代次数为500次,采用自适应学习率并将初始值设置为0.001, Adam优化器进行模型预测。实验过程中,为了防止训练过拟合,训练中采用L2正则化技术。
不同模型训练集和测试集下对应的山西省HFMD月发病率的预测结果与实际值对比如图6所示。可以看出,基于智能算法优化的CNN-BiLSTM模型明显优于未优化的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型。
为客观评价模型预测效果,使用RMSE、MAE进行不同模型间的对比(见表3)。由表3可知,改进的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型的预测效能优于单一的LSTM模型,且相比CNN-BiLSTM组合模型而言,本研究提出的智能算法优化的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型预测性能均有所提高,其预测效果明显优于未优化前的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型,其中CNN-BiLSTM-SSA模型的RMSE、MSE 分别为1.4195、1.1691,其预测性能相比于LSTM分别提高了 31.3%、15.9%,CNN-BiLSTM-SSA组合模型预测效果最优。结论证实对于具有非平稳、非线性的特征的序列,CNN-BiLSTM-SSA模型预测HFMD月发病趋势具备较高的准确率及可行性,可用于山西省未来HFMD发病率的实时预测。
建立健全的传染病预测预警机制,根据病种对模型进行实时调整和优化,不断提高预测精度是当前疾病监测工作中的首要任务。对有季节性和趋势性的时间序列,ARIMA模型能够有效地从数据中提取线性信息,很好地预测了时间序列的自相关性及季节性,但是对于无规律、波动较大的资料或序列长期预测结果并不理想[20-21]。而LSTM不仅能够对非线性数据进行建模,也可以有效利用序列的历史信息[22]。研究显示,LSTM模型在手足口病的月发病趋势预测研究中已在部分地区广泛应用[23-24]。与SARIMA模型相比可知,LSTM模型的拟合预测效果优于SARIMA模型[25-26]。后来,许多学者使用LSTM神经网络模型与其他模型组合的方法来预测传染病的发病率或流行情况,并取得了良好的效果,比如:LSTM模型结合SARIMA模型对新冠[27]、肺结核[28]的发病情况进行预测,EEMD-LSTM组合模型预测禽霍乱的发病情况[29]等。
目前,CNN可较好的提取数据的空间特征[30]。GAPSO混合优化算法在处理回归问题上具有较高的准确性,但是对于没有显著倾向的传染性疾病却没有很好的效果[18]。麻雀搜索算法(SSA)可解决全局优化问题,但对具有大量局部最优的实际问题具有稳定性强、鲁棒性强、收敛速度快的特点。CNN-LSTM组合模型[31]及其结合PSO算法[32]及GA算法[33]虽然在某些领域已广泛应用,但GAPSO智能算法优化的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型在传染病预测中未见报道。研究显示,单一预测模型及其优化算法[32]在对传染病预测分析时,其结构简单易于实现,而组合模型与智能优化算法结合时,可明显提升了传染病的预测精度。
由于受新冠肺炎的冲击,山西省2020—2021年度HFMD报告的HFMD报告病例数与往年比较,其数据的质量和稳定性都有所下降,从而使建立的模型存在很大的偏差,因此,为了减小误差,本研究选取2009—2019年山西省HFMD月发病率资料进行研究并构建相关模型,结果显示:基于智能算法优化的CNN-BiLSTM模型明显优于未优化的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型,而基于麻雀搜索(SSA)算法优化的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型预测效果明显优于PSO、GAPSO算法优化的CNN-BiLSTM组合模型,从而提升模型的预测效果。本研究在表明:智能优化算法通过获取神经网络的局部最优权重和阈值,可有效地提升HFMD月发病趋势预测结果的精度,且SSA比PSO/GAPSO算法对模型的优化效果更好,但是运算过程耗时更长。
本研究存在一定的局限性:不同病毒因流行周期不同,对HFMD的发生也会发生一定的影响;其次,HFMD的传播、易感人群的保护等方面也会受所在地区经济状况等多种社会因素的影响。因此,未来对此进行深入分析并纳入模型,可能具有更好的预测效果,也有助于了解和监测HFMD的传播,减少感染的风险。
综上,本研究显示CNN-BiLSTM-SSA模型预测精度较高,具备较高的准确性及可行性,可用于山西省未来HFMD发病率的实时预测,为传染病的预测预警提供了新思路和有效方法,为制定HFMD防控策略提供科学的参考依据。随着深度学习算法操作能力的日益普及,越来越复杂、越来越精确的建模方法将在各个领域不断进行创新和发展,未来可进一步使用不同的数学模型,并结合全国或不同地区的传染病发病数据,建立预测性能更优的传染病监测系统。
  • 山西省医学重点科技计划(2021XM25)
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2024年第51卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312044
  • 接收时间:2023-12-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-04
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山西省医学重点科技计划(2021XM25)
作者信息
    1.山西医科大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室,山西 太原 030001
    2.山西医科大学附属儿科医院
    3.山西省疾病预防控制中心
    4.山西省儿童医院(山西省妇幼保健院)

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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