Article(id=1240375276086030493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312232, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702483200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658110877, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658110877, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658110877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658110877, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375270163673092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658109465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658579758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1441, endPage=1446, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375276350271660, articleId=1240375276086030493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Self-evaluation and influencing factors of disease prevention and control ability of grassroots public health personnel, Luzhou, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the current situation of disease prevention and control ability and training needs of grassroots public health personnel in Luzhou, to provide a reference for improving the disease prevention and control ability of grassroots public health personnel in Luzhou.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1 075 people engaged in disease control work in township health centers, village clinics, and community health service centers (stations) in Luzhou City to analyze their disease prevention and control ability and influencing factors.

Results

The average self-evaluation score of basic disease prevention and control ability skills of primary public health personnel in Luzhou City was 57.93±27.30 points, with a score rate of 46.72%. Among them, "prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases" had the highest score rate of 56.94%, and "prevention and control of endemic and parasitic diseases" had the lowest score rate of 37.75%. Among the survey respondents, 92.37% had participated in basic knowledge or skills training in disease control, and the proportion of those who chose "on-site guidance" as the desired form of training was the highest, at 80.74%. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the ability of primary public health personnel in disease prevention and control were mainly female (t=-3.425, P=0.001), outside the establishment (t=3.322, P=0.001), not having participated in training in basic knowledge or skills of disease control (t=-6.119, P<0.001), professional background (non-medical t=-2.083, P=0.038) and professional background (non-medical t=-0.083, P=0.038).

Conclusion

The disease prevention and control ability of grassroots public health personnel in Luzhou City is relatively weak, with gender, professional background, establishment, and whether they have participated in training being the main influencing factors, requiring targeted training in relevant knowledge and skills.

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目的

探讨泸州市基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力现状及其培训需求,为提高泸州市基层公卫人员疾控能力提供参考。

方法

对泸州市辖区内乡镇卫生院、村卫生室及社区卫生服务中心(站)中从事疾控工作的1 075名人员进行问卷调查,分析其疾病预防控制能力及影响因素。

结果

泸州市基层公卫人员疾控基本技能自评价平均得分为57.93±27.30分,得分率为46.72%。其中“慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制”技能得分率最高,为56.94%,“地方病、寄生虫病的预防与控制”技能得分率最低,为37.75%。调查对象中92.37%的人参加过疾控基本知识或技能培训,期望的培训形式中选择“现场指导”的人员占比最高,为80.74%。多重线性回归分析结果显示,影响基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力的因素主要是女性(t=-3.425,P=0.001)、编制外(t=3.322,P=0.001)、未参加过疾控基本知识或技能培训(t=-6.119,P<0.001)、专业背景(非医学类t=-2.083,P=0.038)。

结论

泸州市基层公卫人员的疾控能力较为薄弱,性别、专业背景、编制、是否参与过培训是主要影响因素,需要有针对性地开展相关知识与技能培训。

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刘娅,E-mail:
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赖晋锋(1978—),男,本科,副主任技师,研究方向:质量与科教管理

先德强,(1972—),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:卫生事业管理

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Study on construction of core competencies evaluation index system for public health professional of basic center for disease prevention and control[J].China Health Standard Management, 2023, 14(1): 102-106., articleTitle=Study on construction of core competencies evaluation index system for public health professional of basic center for disease prevention and control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240748869772956101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=737, pageEnd=742, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=何智光, 孙喜琢, journalName=中国公共卫生管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何智光,孙喜琢.基于CiteSpace的公共卫生人员核心能力研究可视化分析[J].中国公共卫生管理202238(6):737-742., articleTitle=基于CiteSpace的公共卫生人员核心能力研究可视化分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240748869856842187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=737, pageEnd=742, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=27, authorNames=He ZG, Sun XZ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He ZG, Sun XZ. Visual analysis of research on the core competence of public health personnel based on CiteSpace[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health Management, 2022, 38(6): 737-742., articleTitle=Visual analysis of research on the core competence of public health personnel based on CiteSpace, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240748869953311182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=170, pageEnd=173, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=廖嘉曼, 黄浩, 黄雪良, journalName=中国公共卫生管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=廖嘉曼,黄浩,黄雪良,等.新时代基层医疗卫生机构公共卫生医师职能定位探析[J].中国公共卫生管理202339(2):170-173., articleTitle=新时代基层医疗卫生机构公共卫生医师职能定位探析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240748870037197268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=170, pageEnd=173, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Liao JM, Huang H, Huang XL, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liao JM, Huang H, Huang XL, et al. Analysis of the functional orientation of public health physicians in primary medical and health institutions in the new era[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health Management, 2023, 39(2): 170-173., articleTitle=Analysis of the functional orientation of public health physicians in primary medical and health institutions in the new era, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240748866723696913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, awardId=2023ZRK209, language=CN, fundingSource=泸州市科技计划资助(2023ZRK209), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240748866824360215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, awardId=SWFZ23-Y-31, language=CN, fundingSource=川北医学院2023年度四川省基层卫生事业发展研究中心资助项目(SWFZ23-Y-31), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240748866929217819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, awardId=S202310632124, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省2023年大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310632124), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240748867050852640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, awardId=LZCDC2023ZD-01, language=CN, fundingSource=泸州市疾病预防控制中心2023年科研项目(LZCDC2023ZD-01), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240748861552120734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748861556315039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, companyId=1240748861552120734, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Luzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748861564703648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, companyId=1240748861552120734, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.泸州市疾病预防控制中心,四川 泸州 646000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240748861690532784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748861698921393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, companyId=1240748861690532784, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.泸州市人民医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240748861787001788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748861795390396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, companyId=1240748861787001788, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西南医科大学公共卫生学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240748861929608136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748861937996746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, companyId=1240748861929608136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.泸州市纳溪区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240748865796755678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Demand for participation in disease prevention and control training for public health personnel in Luzhou

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目选项频数百分比
(%)
是否参加过疾病预防控制基本知识或技能培训99392.37
827.63
2022年累计培训时间0~<7天33431.07
7~<15天31028.84
15~<30天14513.49
30~<90天999.21
90~<180天464.28
180天以上595.49
培训效果非常好41038.14
比较好38936.19
一般18717.40
较差30.28
非常差40.37
是否愿意参加疾病预防控制相关培训1 03195.91
444.09
期望的培训形式a理论授课75269.95
现场指导86880.74
参观学习80074.42
网络培训53349.58
其他11110.33
期望的培训频率每月1次24923.16
每季度1次51147.53
每半年1次18717.40
每年1次12811.91
), ArticleFig(id=1240748865897418979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

泸州市基层公卫人员疾病预防控制培训参与培训需求情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目选项频数百分比
(%)
是否参加过疾病预防控制基本知识或技能培训99392.37
827.63
2022年累计培训时间0~<7天33431.07
7~<15天31028.84
15~<30天14513.49
30~<90天999.21
90~<180天464.28
180天以上595.49
培训效果非常好41038.14
比较好38936.19
一般18717.40
较差30.28
非常差40.37
是否愿意参加疾病预防控制相关培训1 03195.91
444.09
期望的培训形式a理论授课75269.95
现场指导86880.74
参观学习80074.42
网络培训53349.58
其他11110.33
期望的培训频率每月1次24923.16
每季度1次51147.53
每半年1次18717.40
每年1次12811.91
), ArticleFig(id=1240748866014859496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic Skills of disease prevention and control among public health workers in Luzhou

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本技能满分得分
得分率
(%)
突发公共卫生事件应急处置126.05±2.5950.42
传染病预防与控制125.98±2.9949.83
免疫规划167.81±4.1648.81
地方病和寄生虫病的预防与控制83.02±1.9937.75
慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制169.11±3.9656.94
消毒与病媒生物控制125.52±2.7846.00
职业病预防与控制166.66±3.9741.63
食源性疾病预防控制与公共营养83.23±2.0040.38
环境危害因素的控制83.13±1.9939.13
学生常见病和相关危害因素控制83.49±1.9343.63
健康教育与健康促进83.93±1.9449.13
总分12457.93±24.3046.72
), ArticleFig(id=1240748866098745580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

泸州市基层公卫人员疾病预防控制基本技能掌握情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本技能满分得分
得分率
(%)
突发公共卫生事件应急处置126.05±2.5950.42
传染病预防与控制125.98±2.9949.83
免疫规划167.81±4.1648.81
地方病和寄生虫病的预防与控制83.02±1.9937.75
慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制169.11±3.9656.94
消毒与病媒生物控制125.52±2.7846.00
职业病预防与控制166.66±3.9741.63
食源性疾病预防控制与公共营养83.23±2.0040.38
环境危害因素的控制83.13±1.9939.13
学生常见病和相关危害因素控制83.49±1.9343.63
健康教育与健康促进83.93±1.9449.13
总分12457.93±24.3046.72
), ArticleFig(id=1240748866191020275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Single Factor Analysis of disease prevention and control ability of public health personnel in Luzhou(n=1 075)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目调查人数得分(F/tP
性别32.961<0.001
31364.47±25.20
76255.24±23.41
年龄(岁)2.4880.059
18~3034056.35±24.33
31~4035556.95±24.35
41~5028759.26±23.51
51~609363.31±25.82
最高学历5.7850.003
高中+中专19263.12±24.72
大专34855.89±24.03
本科及以上53557.39±24.11
专业背景5.280<0.001
预防医学1264.07±25.61
临床医学21971.25±17.24
中医/中西医结合24560.44±24.45
药学3454.12±16.51
医学技术类4058.40±29.68
护理学48753.94±22.87
其他医学类2659.54±23.92
非医学类1248.92±28.71
工作机构12.820<0.001
村卫生室11467.37±24.57
乡镇卫生院66956.43±24.33
社区卫生服务中心26256.58±22.96
工作年限(年)2.1690.090
1~527357.30±24.68
6~1030655.62±23.37
11~2027158.76±23.45
21~4522560.84±25.85
职称1.7040.165
未定级22059.83±24.47
初级61757.10±24.47
中级20259.48±23.84
副高及以上3651.92±22.00
编制7.2140.007
编制内56356.04±24.38
编制外51260.01±24.06
平均月收入(元)7.031<0.001
2 000以下11667.09±24.72
2 000-32455.95±24.11
4 000-49156.60±24.10
6 000及以上14459.56±23.56
参加疾控基本知识或技能培训34.732<0.001
99359.17±24.11
8242.96±21.60
), ArticleFig(id=1240748866283294968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

泸州市基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力单因素分析表(n=1 075)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目调查人数得分(F/tP
性别32.961<0.001
31364.47±25.20
76255.24±23.41
年龄(岁)2.4880.059
18~3034056.35±24.33
31~4035556.95±24.35
41~5028759.26±23.51
51~609363.31±25.82
最高学历5.7850.003
高中+中专19263.12±24.72
大专34855.89±24.03
本科及以上53557.39±24.11
专业背景5.280<0.001
预防医学1264.07±25.61
临床医学21971.25±17.24
中医/中西医结合24560.44±24.45
药学3454.12±16.51
医学技术类4058.40±29.68
护理学48753.94±22.87
其他医学类2659.54±23.92
非医学类1248.92±28.71
工作机构12.820<0.001
村卫生室11467.37±24.57
乡镇卫生院66956.43±24.33
社区卫生服务中心26256.58±22.96
工作年限(年)2.1690.090
1~527357.30±24.68
6~1030655.62±23.37
11~2027158.76±23.45
21~4522560.84±25.85
职称1.7040.165
未定级22059.83±24.47
初级61757.10±24.47
中级20259.48±23.84
副高及以上3651.92±22.00
编制7.2140.007
编制内56356.04±24.38
编制外51260.01±24.06
平均月收入(元)7.031<0.001
2 000以下11667.09±24.72
2 000-32455.95±24.11
4 000-49156.60±24.10
6 000及以上14459.56±23.56
参加疾控基本知识或技能培训34.732<0.001
99359.17±24.11
8242.96±21.60
), ArticleFig(id=1240748866383958272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multiple Regression analysis of disease prevention and control capacity of public health personel at the grass-roots level in Luzhou

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量β(95%CISEβtP
常量86.217(70.282~102.152)8.121-10.617<0.001
性别(男=0)-6.564(-2.804~-10.324)1.916-0.123-3.4250.001
编制(编制内=0)5.285(2.164~8.407)1.5910.1093.3220.001
参加过疾控基本知识或技能培训(是=0)-16.518(-21.814~-11.221)2.699-0.181-6.119<0.001
专业背景(以预防医学为对照设置哑变量)
临床医学-1.171(-14.839~12.497)6.965-0.019-0.1680.867
中医/中西医结合-8.502(-22.011~5.007)6.885-0.147-1.2350.217
药学-10.34(-25.871~5.191)7.915-0.074-1.3060.192
医学技术类-7.444(-22.657~7.769)7.753-0.058-0.9600.337
护理学-9.964(-23.645~3.718)6.972-0.204-1.4290.153
其他医学类-8.020(-23.986~7.946)8.137-0.051-0.9860.325
非医学类-19.950(-38.744~-1.155)9.578-0.086-2.0830.038
), ArticleFig(id=1240748866488815878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375276086030493, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

泸州市基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力多重线性回归分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量β(95%CISEβtP
常量86.217(70.282~102.152)8.121-10.617<0.001
性别(男=0)-6.564(-2.804~-10.324)1.916-0.123-3.4250.001
编制(编制内=0)5.285(2.164~8.407)1.5910.1093.3220.001
参加过疾控基本知识或技能培训(是=0)-16.518(-21.814~-11.221)2.699-0.181-6.119<0.001
专业背景(以预防医学为对照设置哑变量)
临床医学-1.171(-14.839~12.497)6.965-0.019-0.1680.867
中医/中西医结合-8.502(-22.011~5.007)6.885-0.147-1.2350.217
药学-10.34(-25.871~5.191)7.915-0.074-1.3060.192
医学技术类-7.444(-22.657~7.769)7.753-0.058-0.9600.337
护理学-9.964(-23.645~3.718)6.972-0.204-1.4290.153
其他医学类-8.020(-23.986~7.946)8.137-0.051-0.9860.325
非医学类-19.950(-38.744~-1.155)9.578-0.086-2.0830.038
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泸州市基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力自评价及影响因素分析
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赖晋锋 1 , 先德强 2 , 张越珊 3 , 陈洛 3 , 虞旭东 4 , 吴志荣 1 , 胡馨月 1 , 刘娅 3
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(8): 1441-1446
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(8): 1441-1446
泸州市基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力自评价及影响因素分析
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赖晋锋1, 先德强2, 张越珊3, 陈洛3, 虞旭东4, 吴志荣1, 胡馨月1, 刘娅3
作者信息
  • 1.泸州市疾病预防控制中心,四川 泸州 646000
  • 2.泸州市人民医院
  • 3.西南医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 4.泸州市纳溪区疾病预防控制中心
  • 赖晋锋(1978—),男,本科,副主任技师,研究方向:质量与科教管理

    先德强,(1972—),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:卫生事业管理

通讯作者:

刘娅,E-mail:
Self-evaluation and influencing factors of disease prevention and control ability of grassroots public health personnel, Luzhou
Jin-feng LAI1, De-qiang XIAN2, Yue-shan ZHANG3, Luo CHEN3, Xu-dong YU4, Zhi-rong WU1, Xin-yue HU1, Ya LIU3
Affiliations
  • Luzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312232
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目的

探讨泸州市基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力现状及其培训需求,为提高泸州市基层公卫人员疾控能力提供参考。

方法

对泸州市辖区内乡镇卫生院、村卫生室及社区卫生服务中心(站)中从事疾控工作的1 075名人员进行问卷调查,分析其疾病预防控制能力及影响因素。

结果

泸州市基层公卫人员疾控基本技能自评价平均得分为57.93±27.30分,得分率为46.72%。其中“慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制”技能得分率最高,为56.94%,“地方病、寄生虫病的预防与控制”技能得分率最低,为37.75%。调查对象中92.37%的人参加过疾控基本知识或技能培训,期望的培训形式中选择“现场指导”的人员占比最高,为80.74%。多重线性回归分析结果显示,影响基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力的因素主要是女性(t=-3.425,P=0.001)、编制外(t=3.322,P=0.001)、未参加过疾控基本知识或技能培训(t=-6.119,P<0.001)、专业背景(非医学类t=-2.083,P=0.038)。

结论

泸州市基层公卫人员的疾控能力较为薄弱,性别、专业背景、编制、是否参与过培训是主要影响因素,需要有针对性地开展相关知识与技能培训。

公卫人员  /  疾病预防控制  /  能力评价  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the current situation of disease prevention and control ability and training needs of grassroots public health personnel in Luzhou, to provide a reference for improving the disease prevention and control ability of grassroots public health personnel in Luzhou.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1 075 people engaged in disease control work in township health centers, village clinics, and community health service centers (stations) in Luzhou City to analyze their disease prevention and control ability and influencing factors.

Results

The average self-evaluation score of basic disease prevention and control ability skills of primary public health personnel in Luzhou City was 57.93±27.30 points, with a score rate of 46.72%. Among them, "prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases" had the highest score rate of 56.94%, and "prevention and control of endemic and parasitic diseases" had the lowest score rate of 37.75%. Among the survey respondents, 92.37% had participated in basic knowledge or skills training in disease control, and the proportion of those who chose "on-site guidance" as the desired form of training was the highest, at 80.74%. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the ability of primary public health personnel in disease prevention and control were mainly female (t=-3.425, P=0.001), outside the establishment (t=3.322, P=0.001), not having participated in training in basic knowledge or skills of disease control (t=-6.119, P<0.001), professional background (non-medical t=-2.083, P=0.038) and professional background (non-medical t=-0.083, P=0.038).

Conclusion

The disease prevention and control ability of grassroots public health personnel in Luzhou City is relatively weak, with gender, professional background, establishment, and whether they have participated in training being the main influencing factors, requiring targeted training in relevant knowledge and skills.

Public health personnel  /  Disease prevention and control  /  Training  /  Influencing factors
赖晋锋, 先德强, 张越珊, 陈洛, 虞旭东, 吴志荣, 胡馨月, 刘娅. 泸州市基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力自评价及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1441 -1446 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312232
Jin-feng LAI, De-qiang XIAN, Yue-shan ZHANG, Luo CHEN, Xu-dong YU, Zhi-rong WU, Xin-yue HU, Ya LIU. Self-evaluation and influencing factors of disease prevention and control ability of grassroots public health personnel, Luzhou[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1441 -1446 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312232
基层医疗卫生机构作为疾病预防控制工作的网底支撑,应当具备过硬的专业能力与素养[1]。但随着新冠肺炎疫情的暴发,暴露了我们国家公共卫生体系能力不强、机制不活、动力不足、防治结合不紧密等问题[2]。大量研究也表明,基层医疗卫生机构“硬件”建设虽已得到明显改善,但作为“软件”之一的基层公共卫生从业人员的能力却成为制约公共卫生服务质量提升的瓶颈问题[3-4]。本研究以四川省泸州市各区县基层医疗卫生机构的公卫人员为研究对象,通过问卷调查分析其疾病预防控制能力与相关培训的需求,为提升基层公共卫生服务水平以及开展相关专业知识技能培训提供参考依据。
于2023年2—3月,对泸州市辖区内7个县区的乡镇卫生院、村卫生室及社区卫生服务中心(站)中从事疾病预防控制工作的人员进行调查。研究对象纳入标准:(1)在所调查的村卫生室、乡镇卫生院、社区卫生服务中心(站)参与工作至少一年;(2)专职或兼职参与疾病预防控制工作;(3)自愿参与调查。最终共发放问卷1 100份,回收有效问卷1 075份,问卷有效率为97.73%。
查阅文献咨询专家意见后设计了《基层公卫人员疾病预防控制基本技能及培训需求调查表》,利用“问卷星”软件(https://www.wjx.cn)发放问卷,调查对象知情同意后自愿匿名填写调查表,完成问卷填写后统一收集整理,审核员对问卷填写内容进行审核并筛选剔除无效问卷。
调查的主要内容包括:(1)一般情况,包括性别、年龄、最高学历、专业背景、职称、入职年限等;(2)疾病预防控制工作参与情况,包括参与年限、参与内容、参与疾病预防控制工作培训情况等;(3)疾病预防控制基本技能掌握情况,包括突发公共卫生事件应急处置、传染病预防与控制、免疫规划等11种技能的掌握情况。共31个条目,每个条目采用Likert 5级评分:从未掌握、掌握较少、一般、掌握较多、完全掌握依次赋值为0~4分,然后将各条目得分相加求和,得分越高,说明疾病预防控制基本技能掌握越好;得分率=总分/满分×100%,得分率≥80%为高等水平,60%~79%为中等水平,<60%为低等水平。(4)疾病预防控制基本技能培训需求,包括参与相关技能培训意愿、期望培训形式、期望培训频率等。问卷的α信度系数=0.976,KMO检验系数=0.954,Bartlett 检验结果显示 P<0.001。
所有数据校验核对后导入SPSS 17.0软件进行分析。采用构成比和率对基本情况、培训情况与培训意愿进行描述;采用和得分率对疾病预防控制基本技能掌握情况进行描述;采用两独立样本t检验或方差分析比较不同特征组间得分的差异;采用多重线性回归模型对疾病预防控制能力影响因素进行分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
在1 075名调查对象中,男性313人(29.12%),女性762人(70.88%)。平均年龄36.92±9.21岁,人员占比以31~40岁最高(33.02%),18~30岁人员次之(31.63%)。学历以本科(49.67%)和大专(32.37%)为主。专业背景中占比较高的为护理学(45.30%)、中医/中西医结合(22.79%)、临床医学(20.37%),最低为预防医学(1.12%)和非医学专业(1.12%)。工作机构中乡镇卫生院人员占比最高(62.23%),社区卫生服务中心次之(24.37%),村卫生室最少(13.40%)。平均卫生工作年限为12.89±9.38年,工作年限为1~5年占25.40%,6~10年占28.47%,11~20年占25.21%,21年及以上占20.93%。初级职称占57.40%,未定级占20.47%,中级占18.79%,副高级及以上占3.35%。编制内人员占比为52.37%,编制外为47.63%。平均月收入2 000元以下占10.79%,2 000~3 999元占30.14%,4 000~5 999元占45.67%,6 000元及以上占13.40%。
调查对象中有92.37%的人参加过疾病预防控制基本知识或技能培训。2022年累计培训时间为“7天以下”人员占比最高,为31.07%。培训效果评估中感觉“非常好”的人员占比最高,为38.14%。调查对象中95.91%的人员愿意参加疾病预防控制相关培训。期望的培训形式中选择“现场指导”的人员占比最高,为80.74%。期望的培训频率中选择“每季度1次”的人员占比最高,为47.53%。见表1
泸州市基层公卫人员疾病预防控制基本技能自评价平均得分为57.93±24.30分,得分率为46.72%。其中“慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制”技能得分率最高,为56.94%,“地方病和寄生虫病的预防与控制”技能得分率最低,为37.75%。见表2
性别、最高学历、专业背景、工作机构、编制、平均月收入、是否参加过疾控基本知识或技能培训与基层公卫人员疾病预防控制自评价得分有关,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄、工作年限、职称与基层公卫人员疾病预防控制自评价得分无关(P>0.05)。见表3
以基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力自评价的平均得分作为因变量,将单因素分析结果中P<0.1的特征变量作为自变量,采用多重线性回归分析法筛选影响疾病预防控制能力的因素(α=0.05、α=0.10)。结果显示,性别、编制、参加过疾控基本知识或技能培训、专业背景是与是与基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力相关的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。见表4
结果显示,泸州市基层公卫人员以女性居多,年龄构成以青中年为主。学历为大专及以下的占一半以上,整体学历水平较低。专业背景为预防医学的人员占比极少。说明基层卫生服务机构疾控队伍建设薄弱是较为普遍的现象,且公卫人员配置存在不合理的情况[5-6],应当提高预防医学专业人员在疾控人才队伍中的占比,积极引进高学历高素质公卫人才[7],同时提高基层公卫人员福利待遇、提升人才发展空间,让高水平公卫人员愿意投身基层、服务基层、留在基层。
研究显示,大多数调查对象参加过疾病预防控制基本知识或技能培训并且愿意继续参加相关培训,但累计培训时间较短,培训频率也较低,期望的培训形式以现场指导和参观学习为主,表明其培训需求更倾向于线下的、直接的指导[8-9]。因此建议适当提高培训频率,并且培训方式应以现场实际操作为主。
疾病预防控制基本技能自评价显示,泸州市基层公卫人员总得分率为46.72%,属于低等水平,这与基层公共卫生人员核心能力不足[10]这一现状相符合。其中,慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制方面得分率最高,这可能与慢性病发病率较高、对人体健康影响较大、公众关注度较高有关,且基本公共卫生服务项目中涉及慢病防控工作内容较多;而地方病、寄生虫病的预防与控制方面得分最低,其原因可能是多种地方病、寄生虫病已达到消除或控制水平,发病率已降至很低,近年来相关病例已较少出现在公众视野中。说明基层公卫人员在不同的疾控基本技能方面存在差异。疾控能力总体水平不高可能是受限于基层机构高素质公卫人才匮乏且非专业人员占比过高,客观上也存在获取疾控新知识与技能相对困难、工作后继续医学教育资源比较匮乏等问题[11-12]。而基本技能掌握中的差异性则可能与公众重视度、机构资源配置、卫生政策倾向等因素有关[13]。因此建议对基层卫生服务机构积极开展线下培训且以专业技能的实际运用为主,以达到提高总体能力水平的目的,培训内容则不应只局限于当前热点与近期所需,而是应当长远地、全面地规划,兼顾工作中可能较少发生但一旦发生后后果严重的公共卫生事件相关知识与技能的培训。
(1)性别:女性得分低于男性,这可能与实际工作中男女性分工差异有关,女性可能更侧重于理论知识的掌握而男性更侧重于专业技能的运用。但基层公卫人员的知识与技能掌握不应有所偏颇,应当追求全面均衡发展[14-15]。(2)专业背景:预防医学专业的人员自评价得分较非医学类专业的人员高,提示应加强对非医学专业人员预防医学相关知识与专业技能的培训;而临床医学、护理学等专业与预防医学专业的差异均无统计学意义,其原因可能是在本次调查中专业背景为预防医学的样本量较少,无法充分代表预防医学专业总体的水平,从而导致回归结果不够准确和显著性不足。(3)编制:编制外人员自评价得分高于编制内人员,说明基层公共卫生工作更多是由编制外人员从事,基公共卫生岗位的福利待遇仍未得到切实保障。(4)参加疾控基本知识或技能培训:参加过培训的人员自评价得分较未参加过培训的人员高,这表明培训是切实有效的,开展培训也是十分有必要的。
综上所述,泸州市基层公卫人员疾病预防控制能力亟需加强,建议全面系统开展相关理论知识的培训,注重开展线下实操训练,同时更多地引进公卫专业人才,提高公卫岗位的福利待遇,全方位提升基层医疗卫生机构的疾病预防控制能力和水平。
  • 泸州市科技计划资助(2023ZRK209)
  • 川北医学院2023年度四川省基层卫生事业发展研究中心资助项目(SWFZ23-Y-31)
  • 四川省2023年大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310632124)
  • 泸州市疾病预防控制中心2023年科研项目(LZCDC2023ZD-01)
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2024年第51卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312232
  • 接收时间:2023-12-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-14
基金
泸州市科技计划资助(2023ZRK209)
川北医学院2023年度四川省基层卫生事业发展研究中心资助项目(SWFZ23-Y-31)
四川省2023年大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310632124)
泸州市疾病预防控制中心2023年科研项目(LZCDC2023ZD-01)
作者信息
    1.泸州市疾病预防控制中心,四川 泸州 646000
    2.泸州市人民医院
    3.西南医科大学公共卫生学院
    4.泸州市纳溪区疾病预防控制中心

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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