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Article(id=1240375274806759863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706803200000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658110572, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658110572, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658110572, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658110572, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375270163673092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658109465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658579758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1507, endPage=1511, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375275029057994, articleId=1240375274806759863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Health-care seeking delay and influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, Yantai, 2012-2021, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the trend of health-care seeking delay and influencing factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients and provide a reference basis for prevention and control measures in Yantai.

Methods

The current status and trend of health-care seeking delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Yantai from 2012 to 2021 were described. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of health-care seeking delay.

Results

From 2012 to 2021, the median of health-care seeking days was 28 (10, 61) days. The health-care seeking delay rate was 66.47% and exhibited an upward trend (, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with the age group over 61 years old, the following factors were associated with reduced risk for delayed treatment: individuals under 20 years old (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.56-0.75), aged 21-40 years (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.74-0.88), serving public places and businesses (OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.49-0.90), children and students (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.61-0.87), employees of enterprises and institutions (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.66-0.97), engaged in other physical labor (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.74-0.92), and belonging to the native population (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.60-0.78). On the other hand, the age group of 41-60 years old (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22), symptomatic treatment (OR=4.30, 95% CI: 3.63-5.10), referral (OR=3.40, 95% CI: 2.87-4.03), follow-up (OR=5.59, 95% CI: 4.69-6.66), and pathogen positive results (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.24-1.43) were identified as risk factors for delayed treatment.

Conclusion

The health-care seeking delay rate among tuberculosis patients showed an upward trend from 2012 to 2021 in Yantai. Medical institutions should pay attention to the wrinkly or elderly, passive detection, and pathogen positive patients regarding the health-care seeking delay.

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目的

分析山东省烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟趋势及影响因素，为制定结核病防控措施提供参考依据。

方法

对2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟现状及变化趋势进行描述，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析肺结核患者就诊延迟的影响因素。

结果

2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊天数中位数为28（10，61）天；肺结核患者就诊延迟率为66.47%，整体呈上升趋势（，P<0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，与61岁以上年龄组、农民、其他来源、流动人口、病原学阴性患者相比，≤20岁（OR=0.65，95% CI：0.56~0.75）、21~40岁（OR=0.80，95% CI：0.74~0.88）、公共场所及商业服务者（OR=0.66，95% CI：0.49~0.90）、儿童及学生（OR=0.73，95% CI：0.61~0.87）、企事业职工（OR=0.80，95% CI：0.66~0.97）、其他体力劳动（OR=0.83，95% CI：0.74~0.92）、本地人口（OR=0.68，95% CI：0.60~0.78）是就诊延迟的保护因素，41~60岁（OR=1.12，95% CI：1.03~0.12）、因症就诊（OR=4.30，95% CI：3.63~5.10）、转诊（OR=3.40，95% CI：2.87~4.03）、追踪（OR=5.59，95% CI：4.69~6.66）、病原学阳性（OR=1.33，95% CI：1.24~1.43）是就诊延迟的危险因素。

结论

2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟率总体呈上升趋势，年龄、户籍地、职业、患者来源、患者分类是肺结核患者就诊延迟的影响因素。

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王曰雷，E-mail：；
姜杰，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=LqMahR5NUpM3O0hGKTPoxA==, magXml=PGDFX6st9hqVOPr9GZitcQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IoBia5KKVxwi1PRGfwI9fw==, pdfFileSize=640609, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=kClEHqaF4QAXJEDK3Qsu1A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

甄丽丽（1990—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：疾病预防与控制

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甄丽丽（1990—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：疾病预防与控制

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甄丽丽（1990—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：疾病预防与控制

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Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2022, 44(3): 215-218., articleTitle=Build an intelligent network to promote tuberculosis prevention and treatment, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240748862894305379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, awardId=WZY202395, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省卫生健康委政策研究课题(WZY202395), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240748862986580071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, awardId=SDWS2023197, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省学校卫生协会课题(SDWS2023197), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240748857068417782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748857076806393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, companyId=1240748857068417782, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748857085195004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, companyId=1240748857068417782, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.烟台市疾病预防控制中心，山东 烟台 264003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240748857190052612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748857202635526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, companyId=1240748857190052612, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东大学卫生管理与政策研究中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240748857307493136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748857320076050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, companyId=1240748857307493136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240748857429127966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748857433322271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, companyId=1240748857429127966, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.烟台市牟平区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240748861799592001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Variable assignment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号变量赋值
X1性别1=男；2=女
X2年龄（岁）1=≤20；2=21~40；3=41~60；4=≥61
X3民族1=汉族；2=其他
X4户籍地1=本地；2=流动人口
X5职业1=企事业职工；2=儿童及学生；3=公共场所及商业服务；4=其他体力劳动者；5=其他；6=农民
X6患者来源1=因症就诊；2=转诊；3=追踪；4=其他
X7诊断分型1=继发；2=结核性胸膜炎；3=血行播散型；4=原发
X8治疗分类1=初治；2=复治
X9患者分类1=病原学阳性；2=病原学阴性
Y就诊延迟1=否；2=是
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861900255299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号变量赋值
X1性别1=男；2=女
X2年龄（岁）1=≤20；2=21~40；3=41~60；4=≥61
X3民族1=汉族；2=其他
X4户籍地1=本地；2=流动人口
X5职业1=企事业职工；2=儿童及学生；3=公共场所及商业服务；4=其他体力劳动者；5=其他；6=农民
X6患者来源1=因症就诊；2=转诊；3=追踪；4=其他
X7诊断分型1=继发；2=结核性胸膜炎；3=血行播散型；4=原发
X8治疗分类1=初治；2=复治
X9患者分类1=病原学阳性；2=病原学阴性
Y就诊延迟1=否；2=是
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862034473034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The basic information of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Yantai, 2012—2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别患者总数[n（%）]就诊天数
[M（P25，P75）]
性别男13 943(74.65)28(10，61)
女4 736(25.35)28(10，61)
年龄（岁）≤201 555 (8.34)16(5，39)
21~406 002(32.13)22(7，58)
41~605 749(30.78)31(12，63)
≥615 373(28.76)30(12，63)
民族汉族18 530(99.20)28(10，61)
其他149(0.80)17(7，56)
户籍地本地17 210(92.14)27(9，61)
流动人口1 469 (7.86)37(16，73)
职业企事业职工520(2.78)21(7，57)
儿童及学生918(4.92)15(4，38)
公共场所及商业服务179(0.96)20(6，61)
其他体力劳动者1 904(10.19)21(7，56)
其他3 340(17.88)28(10，61)
农民11 818 (63.27)30(11，62)
患者来源因症就诊5 884(31.50)29(10，61)
转诊6 984(37.39)23(8，61)
追踪5 061(27.09)33(14，72)
其他750(4.02)5(1，19)
诊断分型继发18 053(96.65)28(9，61)
结核性胸膜炎556(2.98)27(14，58)
血行播散型64 (0.34)31(16，65)
原发6(0.03)21(5，37)
治疗分类初治17 604(94.24)27(10，61)
复治1 075(5.76)31(11，61)
患者分类病原学阳性7 677(41.10)31(12，69)
病原学阴性11 002(58.90)22(8，53)
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862160302157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者的基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别患者总数[n（%）]就诊天数
[M（P25，P75）]
性别男13 943(74.65)28(10，61)
女4 736(25.35)28(10，61)
年龄（岁）≤201 555 (8.34)16(5，39)
21~406 002(32.13)22(7，58)
41~605 749(30.78)31(12，63)
≥615 373(28.76)30(12，63)
民族汉族18 530(99.20)28(10，61)
其他149(0.80)17(7，56)
户籍地本地17 210(92.14)27(9，61)
流动人口1 469 (7.86)37(16，73)
职业企事业职工520(2.78)21(7，57)
儿童及学生918(4.92)15(4，38)
公共场所及商业服务179(0.96)20(6，61)
其他体力劳动者1 904(10.19)21(7，56)
其他3 340(17.88)28(10，61)
农民11 818 (63.27)30(11，62)
患者来源因症就诊5 884(31.50)29(10，61)
转诊6 984(37.39)23(8，61)
追踪5 061(27.09)33(14，72)
其他750(4.02)5(1，19)
诊断分型继发18 053(96.65)28(9，61)
结核性胸膜炎556(2.98)27(14，58)
血行播散型64 (0.34)31(16，65)
原发6(0.03)21(5，37)
治疗分类初治17 604(94.24)27(10，61)
复治1 075(5.76)31(11，61)
患者分类病原学阳性7 677(41.10)31(12，69)
病原学阴性11 002(58.90)22(8，53)
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862281936978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The health–care seeking delay rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Yantai, 2012—2021 [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份患者总数就诊延迟患者数性别年龄（岁）
男女≤2021~4041~60≥61
20122 5271 571(62.17)1 150(62.20)421(62.09)124(50.41)535(57.71)530(66.42)382(68.71)
20132 2771 450(63.68)1 061(63.23)389(64.94)111(47.64)449(56.84)511 (70.19)379(72.05)
20142 1351 360(63.70)1 012(64.33)348(61.92)107(47.35)457(61.67)431(68.85)365(67.34)
20151 9921 312(65.86)995(66.25)317(64.69)85(52.47)385(60.16)436(73.28)406(68.24)
20161 8641 272(68.24)957(67.35)315(71.11)81(48.50)394(63.54)423(76.63)374(71.24)
20171 7031 145(67.23)880(67.69)265(65.76)89(64.49)306(59.53)381(71.21)369(71.51)
20181 6821 156(68.73)841(68.26)315(70.00)71(60.17)320(65.31)378(70.39)387(72.07)
20191 7061 178(69.05)912(69.30)266(68.21)65(56.03)337(66.47)358(72.18)418(71.21)
20201 448969(66.92)719(66.57)250(67.93)47(53.41)268(63.96)329(72.95)325(66.33)
20211 3451 002(74.50)735(74.09)267(75.64)44(72.13)261(73.73)319(74.01)378(75.75)
χ2趋势-87.63859.99933.46326.77646.88322.89917.371
P值-<0.001<0.001<0.0010.002<0.0010.0060.043
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862483263574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份患者总数就诊延迟患者数性别年龄（岁）
男女≤2021~4041~60≥61
20122 5271 571(62.17)1 150(62.20)421(62.09)124(50.41)535(57.71)530(66.42)382(68.71)
20132 2771 450(63.68)1 061(63.23)389(64.94)111(47.64)449(56.84)511 (70.19)379(72.05)
20142 1351 360(63.70)1 012(64.33)348(61.92)107(47.35)457(61.67)431(68.85)365(67.34)
20151 9921 312(65.86)995(66.25)317(64.69)85(52.47)385(60.16)436(73.28)406(68.24)
20161 8641 272(68.24)957(67.35)315(71.11)81(48.50)394(63.54)423(76.63)374(71.24)
20171 7031 145(67.23)880(67.69)265(65.76)89(64.49)306(59.53)381(71.21)369(71.51)
20181 6821 156(68.73)841(68.26)315(70.00)71(60.17)320(65.31)378(70.39)387(72.07)
20191 7061 178(69.05)912(69.30)266(68.21)65(56.03)337(66.47)358(72.18)418(71.21)
20201 448969(66.92)719(66.57)250(67.93)47(53.41)268(63.96)329(72.95)325(66.33)
20211 3451 002(74.50)735(74.09)267(75.64)44(72.13)261(73.73)319(74.01)378(75.75)
χ2趋势-87.63859.99933.46326.77646.88322.89917.371
P值-<0.001<0.001<0.0010.002<0.0010.0060.043
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862579732570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Influencing factors of health–care seeking delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Yantai, 2012—2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别就诊延迟患者数[n（%）]单因素分析多因素分析
χ2值P值χ2值P值
性别男9 262(66.43)0.0350.853
女3 153(66.58)
年龄（岁）≤20824(52.99)280.577<0.0010.65(0.56~0.75)<0.001
21~403 712(61.85)0.80(0.74~0.88)<0.001
41~604 096(71.25)1.12(1.03~1.22)0.008
≥613 783(70.41)1.00
民族汉族12 330(66.54)5.9770.0141.20(0.86~1.69)0.286
其他85(57.05)1.00
户籍地本地11 273(65.50)90.935<0.0010.68(0.60~0.78)<0.001
流动人口1 142(77.74)1.00
职业企事业职工315(60.58)175.312<0.0010.80(0.66~0.97)0.023
儿童及学生467(50.87)0.73(0.61~0.87)<0.001
公共场所及商业服务100(55.87)0.66(0.49~0.90)0.009
其他体力劳动者1 163(61.08)0.83(0.74~0.92)0.001
其他2 219(66.44)1.00(0.92~1.09)0.975
农民8 151(68.97)1.00
患者来源因症就诊3 991(67.83)668.303<0.0014.30(3.63~5.10)<0.001
转诊4 417(63.24)3.40(2.87~4.03)<0.001
追踪3 789(74.87)5.59(4.69~6.66)<0.001
其他218(29.07)1.00
诊断分型继发11 951(66.20)17.6810.0010.65(0.10~4.16)0.649
结核性胸膜炎50(73.74)0.95(0.15~6.15)0.957
血行播散型410(78.13)1.25(0.18~8.80)0.823
原发4(66.67)1.00
治疗分类初治11 667(66.27)4.9700.0261.06(0.92~1.22)0.455
复治748(69.58)1.00
患者分类病原学阳性5 481(71.40)142.130<0.0011.33(1.24~1.43)<0.001
病原学阴性6 934(63.02)1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862701367389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375274806759863, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟影响因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别就诊延迟患者数[n（%）]单因素分析多因素分析
χ2值P值χ2值P值
性别男9 262(66.43)0.0350.853
女3 153(66.58)
年龄（岁）≤20824(52.99)280.577<0.0010.65(0.56~0.75)<0.001
21~403 712(61.85)0.80(0.74~0.88)<0.001
41~604 096(71.25)1.12(1.03~1.22)0.008
≥613 783(70.41)1.00
民族汉族12 330(66.54)5.9770.0141.20(0.86~1.69)0.286
其他85(57.05)1.00
户籍地本地11 273(65.50)90.935<0.0010.68(0.60~0.78)<0.001
流动人口1 142(77.74)1.00
职业企事业职工315(60.58)175.312<0.0010.80(0.66~0.97)0.023
儿童及学生467(50.87)0.73(0.61~0.87)<0.001
公共场所及商业服务100(55.87)0.66(0.49~0.90)0.009
其他体力劳动者1 163(61.08)0.83(0.74~0.92)0.001
其他2 219(66.44)1.00(0.92~1.09)0.975
农民8 151(68.97)1.00
患者来源因症就诊3 991(67.83)668.303<0.0014.30(3.63~5.10)<0.001
转诊4 417(63.24)3.40(2.87~4.03)<0.001
追踪3 789(74.87)5.59(4.69~6.66)<0.001
其他218(29.07)1.00
诊断分型继发11 951(66.20)17.6810.0010.65(0.10~4.16)0.649
结核性胸膜炎50(73.74)0.95(0.15~6.15)0.957
血行播散型410(78.13)1.25(0.18~8.80)0.823
原发4(66.67)1.00
治疗分类初治11 667(66.27)4.9700.0261.06(0.92~1.22)0.455
复治748(69.58)1.00
患者分类病原学阳性5 481(71.40)142.130<0.0011.33(1.24~1.43)<0.001
病原学阴性6 934(63.02)1.00
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2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟趋势及影响因素分析
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甄丽丽 1 , 路立勇 2 , 任艳 3 , 王淑蕾 1 , 周静 1 , 任晓华 1 , 何荟荟 1 , 刘靖宇 1 , 王曰雷 1 , 姜杰 4
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(8): 1507-1511
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(8): 1507-1511
2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟趋势及影响因素分析
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甄丽丽1, 路立勇2, 任艳3, 王淑蕾1, 周静1, 任晓华1, 何荟荟1, 刘靖宇1, 王曰雷1 , 姜杰4
作者信息
  • 1.烟台市疾病预防控制中心，山东 烟台 264003
  • 2.山东大学卫生管理与政策研究中心
  • 3.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 4.烟台市牟平区疾病预防控制中心

    • 甄丽丽（1990—），女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：疾病预防与控制

通讯作者:

王曰雷，E-mail：；
姜杰，E-mail：
Health-care seeking delay and influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, Yantai, 2012-2021
Li-li ZHEN1, Li-yong LU2, Yan REN3, Shu-lei WANG1, Jing ZHOU1, Xiao-hua REN1, Hui-hui HE1, Jing-yu LIU1, Yue-lei WANG1 , Jie JIANG4
Affiliations
  • Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402019
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目的

分析山东省烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟趋势及影响因素，为制定结核病防控措施提供参考依据。

方法

对2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟现状及变化趋势进行描述，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析肺结核患者就诊延迟的影响因素。

结果

2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊天数中位数为28（10，61）天；肺结核患者就诊延迟率为66.47%，整体呈上升趋势（，P<0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，与61岁以上年龄组、农民、其他来源、流动人口、病原学阴性患者相比，≤20岁（OR=0.65，95% CI：0.56~0.75）、21~40岁（OR=0.80，95% CI：0.74~0.88）、公共场所及商业服务者（OR=0.66，95% CI：0.49~0.90）、儿童及学生（OR=0.73，95% CI：0.61~0.87）、企事业职工（OR=0.80，95% CI：0.66~0.97）、其他体力劳动（OR=0.83，95% CI：0.74~0.92）、本地人口（OR=0.68，95% CI：0.60~0.78）是就诊延迟的保护因素，41~60岁（OR=1.12，95% CI：1.03~0.12）、因症就诊（OR=4.30，95% CI：3.63~5.10）、转诊（OR=3.40，95% CI：2.87~4.03）、追踪（OR=5.59，95% CI：4.69~6.66）、病原学阳性（OR=1.33，95% CI：1.24~1.43）是就诊延迟的危险因素。

结论

2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟率总体呈上升趋势，年龄、户籍地、职业、患者来源、患者分类是肺结核患者就诊延迟的影响因素。

肺结核  /  就诊延迟  /  影响因素
Objective

To analyze the trend of health-care seeking delay and influencing factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients and provide a reference basis for prevention and control measures in Yantai.

Methods

The current status and trend of health-care seeking delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Yantai from 2012 to 2021 were described. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of health-care seeking delay.

Results

From 2012 to 2021, the median of health-care seeking days was 28 (10, 61) days. The health-care seeking delay rate was 66.47% and exhibited an upward trend (, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with the age group over 61 years old, the following factors were associated with reduced risk for delayed treatment: individuals under 20 years old (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.56-0.75), aged 21-40 years (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.74-0.88), serving public places and businesses (OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.49-0.90), children and students (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.61-0.87), employees of enterprises and institutions (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.66-0.97), engaged in other physical labor (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.74-0.92), and belonging to the native population (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.60-0.78). On the other hand, the age group of 41-60 years old (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22), symptomatic treatment (OR=4.30, 95% CI: 3.63-5.10), referral (OR=3.40, 95% CI: 2.87-4.03), follow-up (OR=5.59, 95% CI: 4.69-6.66), and pathogen positive results (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.24-1.43) were identified as risk factors for delayed treatment.

Conclusion

The health-care seeking delay rate among tuberculosis patients showed an upward trend from 2012 to 2021 in Yantai. Medical institutions should pay attention to the wrinkly or elderly, passive detection, and pathogen positive patients regarding the health-care seeking delay.

Pulmonary tuberculosis  /  Health-care seeking delay  /  Influencing factors
甄丽丽, 路立勇, 任艳, 王淑蕾, 周静, 任晓华, 何荟荟, 刘靖宇, 王曰雷, 姜杰. 2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟趋势及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1507 -1511 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402019
Li-li ZHEN, Li-yong LU, Yan REN, Shu-lei WANG, Jing ZHOU, Xiao-hua REN, Hui-hui HE, Jing-yu LIU, Yue-lei WANG, Jie JIANG. Health-care seeking delay and influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, Yantai, 2012-2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1507 -1511 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402019
正文
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结核病是一种严重危害人类健康的慢性呼吸道传染病，主要以肺结核为主。世界卫生组织最新发布的《2022年全球结核病报告》显示，结核病是仅次于新型冠状病毒感染的第二大致死性传染病，位列全球死因第13位；在30个结核病高负担国家中我国估算结核病发病数位于第三位，占全球结核病例的7.4%[1]。我国肺结核患者主要通过因症就诊、因症推荐、追踪和转诊等方式被动发现，而肺结核患者在疾病早期传染性较强，容易导致疾病传播和扩散，也是最容易被忽视的阶段[2-3]。肺结核患者的就诊延迟不但会增加社区传播的风险，还会产生不良的临床结局，进而加重家庭、社会乃至国家的疾病经济负担[4]。近年来，关于肺结核患者就诊延迟的相关研究主要集中在江苏、浙江、广东等南方省份及青海、新疆等西部省份，针对北方城市的相关研究较少且多为十年前的研究，考虑到我国不同地域间经济水平、气候差异、饮食习惯等方面存在较大差距，肺结核患者的就诊延迟情况及其影响因素可能有所不同。鉴于此，本研究针对2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟变化趋势和影响因素进行分析，为烟台市制定科学有效的防控措施提供依据。
1 资料与方法
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1.1 资料来源
数据来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统中的《结核病信息管理系统》，导出2012年1月1日至2021年12月31日烟台市登记的18 740例结核病患者病案信息，数据包括患者年龄、性别、职业、现住址、首次出现症状日期、首次就诊日期、患者来源、治疗分类、诊断结果、疾病类型等信息。剔除患者诊断分型为非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）病、肺外结核及首次出现症状日期与首次就诊日期出现逻辑错误的数据，最终共有18 679例肺结核患者病案数据纳入分析。
1.2 相关定义
首次出现症状日期是指首次出现肺结核相关症状（主要包括咳嗽、咳痰、咯血、胸痛、发热、乏力、盗汗等）的时间。
就诊天数是指首次出现症状日期到首次就诊日期之间的间隔天数。
就诊延迟是指就诊天数超过14天[5-6]，就诊延迟率（%）=就诊延迟患者数/患者总数×100%。
1.3 统计分析
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析，就诊天数为偏态分布，采用M（P25，P75）进行描述；就诊延迟率采用n（%）描述。利用χ2检验比较不同组别之间就诊延迟率的差异；卡方趋势检验分析不同组别就诊延迟率随时间变化的趋势；多因素logistic回归模型分析肺结核患者就诊延迟的影响因素，logistic回归分析变量赋值情况见表1。双侧检验，检验水准为α=0.05。
2 结果
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2.1 肺结核患者的基本情况
2012—2021年，烟台市共登记肺结核患者18 679例，其中主要为男性（74.65%）、汉族（99.20%）、农民（63.27%）和本地户籍患者（92.14%）；患者来源主要为因症就诊（31.50%）、转诊（37.39%）；诊断分型主要是继发性肺结核（96.65%）、治疗分类多为初治（94.24%）、患者分类以病原学阳性为主（58.90%）。所有肺结核患者就诊天数中位数为28（10，61）天，就诊延迟率为66.47%。见表2。
2.2 肺结核患者就诊延迟率变化趋势
2012—2021年，烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟率呈波动上升趋势（，P<0.001），由2012年的62.17%上升至2021年的74.50%。不同性别肺结核患者就诊延迟率均呈逐年上升趋势，分别由2012年的62.20%、62.09%上升至2021年的74.09%、75.64%（男性，P<0.001；女性，P<0.001）；不同年龄组肺结核患者就诊延迟率均呈上升趋势，就诊延迟率分别由2012年的50.41%、57.71%、66.42%、68.71%上升至2021年的72.13%、73.73%、74.01%、75.75%（≤20岁，P=0.002；21~40岁，P<0.001；41~60岁，P=0.006；≥61岁，P=0.043）。见表3。
2.3 就诊延迟影响因素分析
单因素分析结果显示，不同年龄、民族、户籍地、职业、患者来源、诊断分型、治疗分类和患者分类的就诊延迟率差异均具有统计学意义。以年龄、民族、户籍地、职业、患者来源、诊断分型、治疗分类、患者分类为自变量，肺结核患者是否发生就诊延迟为因变量进行多因素分析（否=1，是=2）。结果显示，与61岁以上年龄组相比，20岁及以下年龄组（OR=0.65）患者就诊延迟率低35%，21~40岁年龄组（OR=0.80）患者就诊延迟率低20%，41~60岁年龄组（OR=1.12）患者就诊延迟率高12%；与流动人口相比，本地人口（OR=0.68）患者就诊延迟率低32%；与农民相比，公共场所及商业服务者（OR=0.66）就诊延迟率低34%，儿童及学生（OR=0.73）低27%，企事业职工（OR=0.80）、其他体力劳动者（OR=0.83）分别低20%及17%；与其他患者来源相比，转诊（OR=3.40）、因症就诊（OR=4.30）、追踪（OR=5.59）患者就诊延迟率分别高3.40、4.30、5.59倍；与病原学阴性患者相比，病原学阳性（OR=1.33）患者就诊延迟率高1.33倍。见表4。
3 讨论
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2012—2021年烟台市肺结核患者就诊天数中位数为28天，高于山东省（23天）[7]、济南市（5天）[8]，、福建省（21天）[9]、湖州市（16天）[5]，低于胜利油田（35.84天）[10]、广东省（30天）[11]、盐城市（30天）[12]，就诊延迟情况在我国沿海城市中处于偏高水平，肺结核患者就诊延迟易导致结核杆菌的传播，加大病情恶化的风险给结核病防控工作带来巨大挑战[13-14]。烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟率随年份呈整体上升趋势，在今后结核病防控工作中需重点关注患者的主动发现及诊断工作的及时性。
多因素分析结果显示，随着年龄增加就诊延迟率增高，可能是身体机能变弱、行动不便、经济条件、家庭和社会支持水平低等因素导致未能及时到医疗机构就诊，提示在早期筛查和知识宣传中应重点关注中老年群体，建议在老年人常规年度体检中将胸片检查作为常规体检项目，提高患者早发现、早诊断、早治疗[15]。农民与其他职业相比就诊延迟较高，可能是农民群体接触的结核病相关知识相对较少，加之健康意识相对缺乏导致。流动人口工作生活环境不稳定、经济条件和医疗服务可及性差，加之工作时间长、高强度作业、医疗无保障等问题，出现症状后不愿就诊，易导致就诊延迟[16]。因此，应在春节返乡及麦收季节等时期，在铁路、公路等交通工具上面向农民、流动人口重点宣传肺结核的免费政策及肺结核防治知识等内容。因症就诊、转诊和追踪等被动发现方式的就诊延迟率高于主动发现，这与我国目前结核病防治服务体系有关，结核病的诊疗均在结核病定点医疗机构[17]，而实际中患者首诊往往选择非结核病定点医疗机构，由于肺结核症状缺乏特异性易被误认为其他常见呼吸道疾病，导致缺乏必要的结核病检查而延长诊断时间；非结核病定点医疗机构发现疑似肺结核患者后需要转诊推荐到结核病定点医疗机构进一步检查，增加了时间成本和经济成本，容易导致就诊延迟[18-19]。因此，应通过多个医疗机构联合进基层、进企业、进校园，采用现场讲座、新媒体传播、户外游戏活动等多种宣传方式加强对当地结核病定点医疗机构的宣传，提高定点医疗机构的知名度和公众接受度，使患者主动到结核病定点医疗机构就诊。病原学阳性患者多由于早期症状不典型，与其他疾病鉴别诊断较为困难，也可能因为病情经历了一段时间，发展成肺结核典型的咯血等重症后才确诊，这些都会导致诊断时间延长而出现就诊延迟，这与以往的研究结果一致[15,20-21]。
本研究尚存在一些不足。无法确定新冠疫情对肺结核患者就诊延迟的影响；本研究是基于监测数据的回顾性分析，首次出现症状和首次就诊时间来自患者主观报告，可能存在回忆偏倚；资料限制本研究没有纳入更多可能影响患者就诊延迟的社会和环境因素开展分析，如患者收入水平、医疗服务可及性以及沿海城市气候因素、饮食习惯等。
综上所述，烟台市肺结核患者就诊延迟情况不容乐观，亟需加强重点人群主动筛查发现和综合防控措施进行干预。各级各类医疗机构要强化首诊负责制，加强临床医生的结核病防治知识培训，提升对结核病的警惕性和识别能力；充分发挥基层医疗卫生机构在结核病防治服务体系中的网底作用，不断提升基层服务能力；积极开展重点人群、重点场所结核病主动筛查，建立结核病高风险人群常态化预警监测机制，减少就诊延迟的发生；利用数字健康技术构建智慧化网络信息平台，推进远程医疗服务模式建设，促进优质医疗资源下沉和共享[22]；针对不同目标人群的文化背景、社会角色、健康需求等开展宣教，引导患者主动到结防机构就诊，提高公众的主动就诊意识。
基金
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  • 山东省卫生健康委政策研究课题(WZY202395)
  • 山东省学校卫生协会课题(SDWS2023197)
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2024年第51卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402019
  • 接收时间：2024-02-02
  • 首发时间：2026-03-16
  • 出版时间：2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-02-02
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山东省卫生健康委政策研究课题(WZY202395)
山东省学校卫生协会课题(SDWS2023197)
作者信息
    1.烟台市疾病预防控制中心，山东 烟台 264003
    2.山东大学卫生管理与政策研究中心
    3.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院
    4.烟台市牟平区疾病预防控制中心

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王曰雷，E-mail：；
姜杰，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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