Article(id=1240375272281788790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312056, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701619200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658109970, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658109970, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658109970, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658109970, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375270163673092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658109465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658579758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1524, endPage=1529, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375274970337735, articleId=1240375272281788790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Roles of pain and sleep quality in the relationship between chronic disease and handgrip strength: an analysis based on CHARLS data, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mediating effect of pain condition between the number of chronic diseases and handgrip strength and the moderating role of sleep quality among middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old in China.

Methods

Based on the data from the 2015 China Health and Elderly Tracking Survey, model 4 and model 59 in the Process 4.1 program were used to analyze and construct the mediator model and the mediator model with moderation.

Results

A total of 13 930 Chinese middle-aged and older adults were included after screening, with handgrip strength values of (30.81 ± 10.03), number of chronic diseases (1.33 ± 1.44), number of pain sites (1.60 ± 3.23), and sleep quality (2.98 ± 1.21). Chronic conditions inversely predicted handgrip strength (B=-0.212, P<0.001). Number of pain sites partially mediated the relationship between chronic conditions and handgrip strength (B=-0.177, P<0.001). Sleep quality moderated the first half of the mediating pathway (chronic diseases → pain conditions), and simple slope plots showed that the number of chronic diseases had a more significant effect on pain conditions in middle-aged and older adults with low sleep quality than in middle-aged and older adults with high sleep quality.

Conclusion

Chronic diseases can affect grip strength directly or indirectly through pain conditions, and sleep quality moderates the mediating effect of pain conditions. Reduced grip strength due to chronic diseases in middle-aged and older adults can be mitigated by reducing pain conditions and improving sleep quality.

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目的

探索我国45岁以上中老年人的疼痛情况在慢性病数量与握力之间的中介效应及睡眠质量的调节作用。

方法

基于2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,采用Process 4.1程序中的模型4和模型59分析并构建中介模型和有调节的中介模型。

结果

筛选后共纳入中国中老年人13 930人,握力值为(30.81±10.03),慢性病数量为(1.33 ±1.44),疼痛部位数为(1.60±3.23),睡眠质量为(2.98±1.21)。慢性病反向预测握力(B=-0.212,P<0.001)、疼痛部位数在慢性病和握力之间起部分中介作用(B=-0.177,P<0.001);睡眠质量调节了中介路径中的前半段(慢性病→疼痛情况),简单斜率图显示慢性病数量对低睡眠质量中老年人的疼痛情况影响比高睡眠质量中老年人的疼痛情况影响更显著。

结论

慢性病可直接或通过疼痛情况间接影响握力,睡眠质量能调节疼痛情况的中介效应。中老年人慢性病导致的握力减弱,可通过降低疼痛情况和提高睡眠质量缓解。

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张利萍,E-mail:
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时雨(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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注:a表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=gu9/nsSOgzCdMM2abSq61A==, figureFileBig=Oya4t7pmIGdiH9XTFlFU9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748863452139580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Moderated mediated effects model, figureFileSmall=iyEtC0KDk+fC33YCtDv8JQ==, figureFileBig=7KU+LfzaxeDZPJwlT0K+xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748863527637060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=CN, label=图2, caption=有调节的中介效应模型

注:a表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=iyEtC0KDk+fC33YCtDv8JQ==, figureFileBig=7KU+LfzaxeDZPJwlT0K+xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748863657660492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Simple slope test for specific moderating effects of sleep quality, figureFileSmall=AUBlReORnz7zSzhaNmRYbQ==, figureFileBig=RPqsLr2n2U/Z9tZ/0JJ9kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748863758323798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=CN, label=图3, caption=睡眠质量具体调节作用的简单斜率测试, figureFileSmall=AUBlReORnz7zSzhaNmRYbQ==, figureFileBig=RPqsLr2n2U/Z9tZ/0JJ9kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748863867375713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive statistics of the characteristics of the study population

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项n(%)或
年龄(岁)45~606 755(48.5)
61~755 946(42.7)
76~1081 229(8.8)
性别7 247(52.0)
6 683(48.0)
居住类型农村10 166(73.0)
城市3 764(27.0)
婚姻未婚2 396(17.2)
已婚11 534(82.8)
社会参与参加7 784(55.9)
未参加6 146(44.1)
睡眠质量2.98±1.21
慢性病数量1.33±1.44
疼痛部位数1.60±3.23
握力数值30.81±10.03
), ArticleFig(id=1240748864068702320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究人群特征的描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项n(%)或
年龄(岁)45~606 755(48.5)
61~755 946(42.7)
76~1081 229(8.8)
性别7 247(52.0)
6 683(48.0)
居住类型农村10 166(73.0)
城市3 764(27.0)
婚姻未婚2 396(17.2)
已婚11 534(82.8)
社会参与参加7 784(55.9)
未参加6 146(44.1)
睡眠质量2.98±1.21
慢性病数量1.33±1.44
疼痛部位数1.60±3.23
握力数值30.81±10.03
), ArticleFig(id=1240748864228085881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Spearman correlation analysis between variables (r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量握力慢性病情况疼痛情况睡眠质量
握力1.000
慢性病情况-0.135a1.000
疼痛情况-0.220a0.291a1.000
睡眠质量0.167a-0.173a-0.278a1
), ArticleFig(id=1240748864345526404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量间的Spearman相关性分析(r

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量握力慢性病情况疼痛情况睡眠质量
握力1.000
慢性病情况-0.135a1.000
疼痛情况-0.220a0.291a1.000
睡眠质量0.167a-0.173a-0.278a1
), ArticleFig(id=1240748864504909965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression analysis of mediation effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数(b标准误标准化回归系数(b’tP容忍度VIF
常量56.6400.391144.738
年龄-4.8790.097-0.314-50.549<0.0010.9191.088
性别-12.1600.123-0.606-98.757<0.0010.9411.063
居住类型-1.4840.136-0.066-10.918<0.0010.9771.024
婚姻1.1010.1630.0416.761<0.0010.9441.060
社会参与1.1070.1220.0559.068<0.0010.9691.032
慢性病数量-0.1880.045-0.027-4.193<0.0010.8531.172
疼痛数值-0.2190.020-0.071-10.695<0.0010.8131.231
睡眠质量0.2100.0520.0254.018<0.0010.8931.119
), ArticleFig(id=1240748864601378966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中介效应的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数(b标准误标准化回归系数(b’tP容忍度VIF
常量56.6400.391144.738
年龄-4.8790.097-0.314-50.549<0.0010.9191.088
性别-12.1600.123-0.606-98.757<0.0010.9411.063
居住类型-1.4840.136-0.066-10.918<0.0010.9771.024
婚姻1.1010.1630.0416.761<0.0010.9441.060
社会参与1.1070.1220.0559.068<0.0010.9691.032
慢性病数量-0.1880.045-0.027-4.193<0.0010.8531.172
疼痛数值-0.2190.020-0.071-10.695<0.0010.8131.231
睡眠质量0.2100.0520.0254.018<0.0010.8931.119
), ArticleFig(id=1240748864760762526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Bootstrap analysis of the mediated effects test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型模拟路径效应值(95% CI标准误P
直接效应慢性病数量→握力数值-0.212(-0.304~-0.123)0.046<0.001
慢性病数量→疼痛数量0.749(0.704~0.795)0.023<0.001
疼痛数量→握力数值-0.236(-0.277~-0.194)0.021<0.001
总效应慢性病数量→握力数值-0.389(-0.472~-0.306)0.042<0.001
间接效应慢性病数量→疼痛数量→握力数值-0.177(-0.210~-0.144)0.017<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240748864857231525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介效应检验的Bootstrap分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应类型模拟路径效应值(95% CI标准误P
直接效应慢性病数量→握力数值-0.212(-0.304~-0.123)0.046<0.001
慢性病数量→疼痛数量0.749(0.704~0.795)0.023<0.001
疼痛数量→握力数值-0.236(-0.277~-0.194)0.021<0.001
总效应慢性病数量→握力数值-0.389(-0.472~-0.306)0.042<0.001
间接效应慢性病数量→疼痛数量→握力数值-0.177(-0.210~-0.144)0.017<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240748864983060654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of the moderating effect of sleep quality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量R2F独立(中介)因素BSEtP
疼痛程度(Y)0.007115.690
慢性病数量(X)0.6340.01835.425<0.001
睡眠质量(W)-0.5440.021-25.779<0.001
X*W-0.1480.014-10.756<0.001
握力(Y)0.494739.036
慢性病数量(X)-0.1960.045-4.311<0.001
疼痛程度(M)-0.2230.023-9.745<0.001
睡眠质量(W)0.2080.0523.971<0.001
X*W-0.0010.035-0.0370.970
M*W-0.0070.016-0.4110.681
), ArticleFig(id=1240748865079529652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375272281788790, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

睡眠质量的调节作用结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量R2F独立(中介)因素BSEtP
疼痛程度(Y)0.007115.690
慢性病数量(X)0.6340.01835.425<0.001
睡眠质量(W)-0.5440.021-25.779<0.001
X*W-0.1480.014-10.756<0.001
握力(Y)0.494739.036
慢性病数量(X)-0.1960.045-4.311<0.001
疼痛程度(M)-0.2230.023-9.745<0.001
睡眠质量(W)0.2080.0523.971<0.001
X*W-0.0010.035-0.0370.970
M*W-0.0070.016-0.4110.681
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疼痛和睡眠质量在慢性病和握力关系中的作用—基于CHARLS数据分析
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时雨 1 , 武迪 1 , 依里帕·依力哈木 1 , 郑彦玲 2 , 张利萍 2
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(8): 1524-1529
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(8): 1524-1529
疼痛和睡眠质量在慢性病和握力关系中的作用—基于CHARLS数据分析
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时雨1, 武迪1, 依里帕·依力哈木1, 郑彦玲2, 张利萍2
作者信息
  • 1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 2.新疆医科大学医学工程技术学院
  • 时雨(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:

张利萍,E-mail:
Roles of pain and sleep quality in the relationship between chronic disease and handgrip strength: an analysis based on CHARLS data
Yu SHI1, Di WU1, YILIPA·Yilihamu1, Yan-ling ZHENG2, Li-ping ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312056
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目的

探索我国45岁以上中老年人的疼痛情况在慢性病数量与握力之间的中介效应及睡眠质量的调节作用。

方法

基于2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,采用Process 4.1程序中的模型4和模型59分析并构建中介模型和有调节的中介模型。

结果

筛选后共纳入中国中老年人13 930人,握力值为(30.81±10.03),慢性病数量为(1.33 ±1.44),疼痛部位数为(1.60±3.23),睡眠质量为(2.98±1.21)。慢性病反向预测握力(B=-0.212,P<0.001)、疼痛部位数在慢性病和握力之间起部分中介作用(B=-0.177,P<0.001);睡眠质量调节了中介路径中的前半段(慢性病→疼痛情况),简单斜率图显示慢性病数量对低睡眠质量中老年人的疼痛情况影响比高睡眠质量中老年人的疼痛情况影响更显著。

结论

慢性病可直接或通过疼痛情况间接影响握力,睡眠质量能调节疼痛情况的中介效应。中老年人慢性病导致的握力减弱,可通过降低疼痛情况和提高睡眠质量缓解。

握力  /  慢性病  /  有调节的中介  /  中国中老年人
Objective

To explore the mediating effect of pain condition between the number of chronic diseases and handgrip strength and the moderating role of sleep quality among middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old in China.

Methods

Based on the data from the 2015 China Health and Elderly Tracking Survey, model 4 and model 59 in the Process 4.1 program were used to analyze and construct the mediator model and the mediator model with moderation.

Results

A total of 13 930 Chinese middle-aged and older adults were included after screening, with handgrip strength values of (30.81 ± 10.03), number of chronic diseases (1.33 ± 1.44), number of pain sites (1.60 ± 3.23), and sleep quality (2.98 ± 1.21). Chronic conditions inversely predicted handgrip strength (B=-0.212, P<0.001). Number of pain sites partially mediated the relationship between chronic conditions and handgrip strength (B=-0.177, P<0.001). Sleep quality moderated the first half of the mediating pathway (chronic diseases → pain conditions), and simple slope plots showed that the number of chronic diseases had a more significant effect on pain conditions in middle-aged and older adults with low sleep quality than in middle-aged and older adults with high sleep quality.

Conclusion

Chronic diseases can affect grip strength directly or indirectly through pain conditions, and sleep quality moderates the mediating effect of pain conditions. Reduced grip strength due to chronic diseases in middle-aged and older adults can be mitigated by reducing pain conditions and improving sleep quality.

Handgrip strength  /  Chronic disease  /  Moderated mediation  /  Chinese middle-aged and older adults
时雨, 武迪, 依里帕·依力哈木, 郑彦玲, 张利萍. 疼痛和睡眠质量在慢性病和握力关系中的作用—基于CHARLS数据分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1524 -1529 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312056
Yu SHI, Di WU, YILIPA·Yilihamu, Yan-ling ZHENG, Li-ping ZHANG. Roles of pain and sleep quality in the relationship between chronic disease and handgrip strength: an analysis based on CHARLS data[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1524 -1529 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312056
慢性病是死亡和残疾的主要原因,主要慢性疾病(关节炎、心脏病、2型糖尿病和慢性阻塞性肺病)的患病率随着年龄的增长呈指数级上升[1],全球疾病负担2019年的研究表明,高血压和糖尿病等慢性病被列为全球死亡风险前五位,分别约占全球死亡人数的20%和10%[2]。我国慢性病患病率逐年上升,中老年人为高发人群[3]。慢性疾病对患者造成的负担主要源于肌肉质量减少和功能受损等因素。随着年龄的增长,肌肉骨骼系统会发生退化,这可能导致严重的健康后果。握力(Handgrip Strength,HGS)是评估肌肉力量和肌肉质量的关键指标之一,与功能和健康结果密切相关[4]
现有研究显示,慢性病的发展与握力减弱密切相关,慢性疾病的持续影响会导致肌肉的萎缩和失去力量。此外,慢性疾病也可能引起慢性炎症,加剧肌肉质量的下降[5-6]。据国外研究表明,握力低和失眠与疼痛独立相关,失眠人群的治疗可能会改善身体疼痛,从而有助于恢复握力[7]。目前,许多学者探究老年人慢性病、疼痛情况、握力和睡眠质量两两之间的关联。然而,尚未有研究报道四者之间的关联。因此,需进一步研究慢性病是否通过影响中老年人的疼痛状况来间接影响其握力,并考察睡眠质量在这一过程中的调节作用。本文通过分析2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据,探索中国中老年人疼痛情况在慢性病数量与握力之间的中介效应和睡眠质量的调节作用。
本研究为横断面设计,采用2015年CHARLS的数据。该调查采用分层多阶段 PPS 随机抽样策略对中国家庭中45岁及中年以上人群进行具有全国代表性的高质量微观数据。样本覆盖全国28个省(区、市)、150个县、450个社区(村)样本人群,共计12 241户。选定参加调查,并成功采访了 21 097 人。本研究将缺失握力值和数据异常(5 094人),年龄小于45岁(670人)、在过去六个月内手部受过重创或手术(845人)和其他值缺失(572人)的样本删除。CHARLS研究已获得北京大学生物医学伦理委员会的批准(IRB 00001052-11015),所有调查对象均签署知情同意书。
问卷中慢性病种类共有14种,其中包括高血压病、血脂异常、糖尿病或血糖升高、慢性肺部疾患等,通过询问“是否有医生曾经告诉过您有以下这些慢性病?”判断受访者患病数量,一种记为1分,总分14分,得分越高代表慢性病患病种类越多[8]
由训练有素的志愿者使用标准化测力计(中国粤建WL-1000,南通悦健物理测量仪器有限公司,中国南通)进行测量,单位为公斤[9]。受试者站立并使用惯用手或非惯用手开始测试,同时接受口头鼓励。每个受试者以直角(90°)握住测力计并挤压手柄几秒钟,对左右手进行两次测量,本研究采取测量结果的最大值。
问卷中疼痛部位共有16种,包括头、肩膀、胳膊、手腕等,通过询问“身体哪些部位感到疼痛?请列出所有部位。”为依据,一种记为1分,总分16分,得分越高代表疼痛部位越多。
以问卷中“我的睡眠不好”为依据,将“很少或者根本没有(<1 d)”、“不太多(1~2 d)”、“有时或者说有一半的时间(3~4 d)”及“大多数的时间(5~7 d)”分别定义为4、3、2、1分,分数越高代表睡眠质量越好。
通过SPSS 27.0对CHARLS数据进行整理及分析,连续变量用平均值和标准差(SD)表示,分类变量以百分比表示。采用多元线性回归分析慢性病数量、疼痛情况、睡眠质量和协变量(性别、年龄、婚姻状况、居住类型、社会参与)对握力的影响。采用Hayes(2013)开发的Process中的模型4和模型59来分析疼痛情况的中介作用和睡眠质量的调节作用,Bootstrap次数取5 000,设置了95%的置信区间(95% CI),这两个模型调整可能会影响握力的相关协变量,统计显着性水平设定为α= 0.001,中介及调节作用的探讨基于SPSS 27.0的Process 4.1插件。
本研究共纳入13 930名中老年人,年龄在45~108岁,平均年龄(60.32±9.70)岁,45至60岁中年人6 755人,占48.5%;男性占比48.0%,女性占比52.0%;有3 764人(27.0%)居住在城市,有10 166人(73.0%)居住在农村;大多数参与者已婚且与其同住(82.8%);平日参加社会活动的有7 784人,占比55.9%;握力数值为30.81±10.03,慢性病数量为1.33±1.44,疼痛部位数为1.60±3.23,睡眠质量为2.98±1.21,具体情况见表1
Spearman相关分析结果显示,慢性病情况、疼痛情况、睡眠质量和握力显著相关,慢性病数量和疼痛情况、握力和睡眠质量呈正相关(r=0.291,r=0.167,P<0.001)。此外,握力和慢性病情况、与疼痛情况、慢性病情况与睡眠质量、疼痛情况与睡眠质量之间存在负相关(r=-0.135,r=-0.220,r=-0.173,r=-0.278,P<0.001),具体情况见表2
通过方差膨胀因子和容忍度确定回归分析中变量的协变量,纳入检验变量的方差膨胀因子均小于5,容忍度均大于0.1,表明变量都不具有协方差。多元线性回归分析显示,慢性病数量、疼痛数值升高,会降低握力值;睡眠质量越好,对中老年人握力值有正向影响(P<0.001),具体情况见表3
中介效应分析结果显示,慢性病对握力的总影响为路径c=-0.389(P<0.001)。间接路径为路径a=0.749(P<0.001),路径b=-0.236(P<0.001),疼痛数值的间接影响为(路径a×路径b)=-0.177(P<0.001),并且Bootstrap 95%置信区间不包含0,这表明疼痛情况中介作用的有效性。慢性病对握力的直接影响依旧显著,路径c’=-0.212(P< 0.001),表明疼痛数值在慢性病与握力直接的中介作用为部分中介作用,具体情况见表4图1
调节中介分析表明(表5图2),交互项慢性病 × 睡眠质量到疼痛情况的路径有统计学意义(B=-0.148,P<0.001),说明睡眠质量对中介模型中路径a有调节作用,慢性病×睡眠质量可预测疼痛情况。交互项慢性病 × 睡眠质量到握力的路径无统计学意义(B=-0.001,P=0.970),疼痛情况 × 睡眠质量到握力的路径也无统计学意义(B=-0.007,P=0.681)。此外,采用简单的睡眠质量斜率分析来调查慢性病对低睡眠质量和与高睡眠质量的疼痛情况的影响,结果显示,随着慢性病数量的增加,低睡眠质量的疼痛程度上升幅度明显大于与高睡眠质量的人,具体情况见图3
握力是健康的重要指标之一,可反映人体的整体健康状况,有研究表明身患慢性疾病会导致握力下降[10-11]。握力的减退不仅反映了肌肉力量和身体健康状况的衰退,还可能导致日常生活质量的下降。慢性病、疼痛情况、睡眠质量及握力之间的相互关系较为复杂,深入探究其具体关联,可为相关部门提供理论依据,从而更好地了解和应对中老年人的健康问题。
在多元回归分析中,我们观察到握力值和慢性病数量与疼痛情况增长呈负相关,与睡眠质量呈正相关,这些发现为进一步探究中介作用和调节作用奠定基础。此外,既往研究表明,人类骨骼肌的衰老从40岁开始,因此,握力数值会随着年龄增长逐渐减弱[12]。值得注意的是,随着年龄增长,中老年人患慢性病种类会逐渐增加[13]。握力减弱通常与心血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性非阻塞疾病等慢性病同时存在,并互相影响[10, 14]。本研究发现慢性病数量对握力值有间接和直接的显著影响,缘由可能为疼痛在慢性疾病和握力之间起到中介作用,疼痛往往是慢性疾病的常见症状之一。早前有研究表明,慢性病患者会受到疼痛的影响[15],例如慢性肺病、关节炎、风湿病、胃肠道疾病等,常伴有疼痛症状[16-17]。慢性病是长期疾病,其所带来的疼痛也是长时间存在的。研究表明,慢性病患病数较多的患者相较于慢性病患病数少的患者,其疼痛程度更为严重。此外,疼痛部位的增加会导致疼痛的程度加剧。在持续承受疼痛的情况下,患者的握力值较低[18]。根据本研究的结果显示,睡眠质量在慢性病数量对疼痛部位数量的影响中起调节作用,相比睡眠质量较高的人,睡眠质量低的疼痛部位数增长幅度更显著。国内外研究表明,已有研究发现疼痛部位数与睡眠质量之间存在着负相关关系。患有慢性疾病的患者常常伴随着睡眠质量下降、难以入睡等问题,这可能导致疼痛部位数量的增加[19-20]
本研究具有一定的局限性,首先,采用的是横断面数据,对中老年人握力与慢性病数量、疼痛和睡眠质量的因果推断存在一定的局限性[21-22]。其次,由于CHARLS的数据限制,未对不同慢性疾病的参与者进行慢性病和握力分析,不包括有关慢性病严重程度的详细信息。最后,慢性病未从病历中核实,问卷的回忆偏差可能导致患者在病历中隐瞒或报告未记录的慢性疾病,从而导致漏报或多报的情况。
综上所述,疼痛在慢性病数量与握力之间有中介作用,意味着慢性病数量不仅可以直接影响握力,还通过疼痛这一中介因素间接作用于握力。此外,睡眠质量对这种中介效应具有调节作用,在低水平的睡眠质量条件下,疼痛在慢性病数量与握力之间的中介作用更为显著。这项研究是在中国的中老年人群中进行的,首次探讨了慢性病数量与握力之间的关系,以及疼痛在其中的中介作用和睡眠质量在中介模型中的调节效应。这为我们提供了新的证据,阐明了这四个变量之间的关联。我们建议应重点关注中老年慢性病患者的握力情况,提高公众对慢性病的认识,同时,加强对慢性病的诊断、管理和预防控制。
  • 国家自然科学基金(72163033)
  • 国家自然科学基金(72064036)
  • 国家自然科学基金(72174175)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202312056
  • 接收时间:2023-12-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-04
基金
国家自然科学基金(72163033)
国家自然科学基金(72064036)
国家自然科学基金(72174175)
作者信息
    1.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
    2.新疆医科大学医学工程技术学院

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张利萍,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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