Article(id=1240375271325487462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311567, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701273600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658109742, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658109742, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658109742, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658109742, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375270163673092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658109465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658579758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1473, endPage=1478, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375271531008360, articleId=1240375271325487462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Associations between lung cancer screening and health risk behavior changes, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the changes in health risk behaviors among high-risk groups in the lung cancer screening cohort in Ma’anshan City, and to explore the association between lung cancer screening and health risk behavior changes.

Methods

Follow-up survey was conducted among the high-risk population participating in screening.Basic data and health risk behavior information were collected at baseline and during follow-up. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the association between lung cancer screening and changes in three kinds of health risk behaviors.

Results

The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women(OR=4.24, 95% CI: 1.80-9.96,P=0.001), those with positive pulmonary nodules(OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.23-3.20, P=0.005) and those who consulted the doctor after screening(OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.08-2.52, P=0.020) were more likely to quit smoking. Persistent smokers who were 60 to 69 years old(OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.14-2.24, P=0.007), had a history of lung-related diseases(OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.13-3.39, P=0.017), and discussed their medical condition with relatives and friends after screening(OR=1.65,95% CI: 1.16-2.33,P=0.005) were more likely to smoke less. Women(OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.20-4.02,P=0.011), patients with a history of lung related diseases(OR=1.91,95% CI: 1.13-3.22,P=0.015), patients with a history of malignant tumors(OR=3.07,95% CI: 1.18-8.01,P=0.022), and patients receiving medical advice(OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.04-2.75, P=0.035) were more likely to abstain from alcohol. Women(OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.02-1.94, P=0.037), older than 70 years(OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.07-2.68, P=0.024) and those who had annual physical examination(OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.44-2.86, P<0.001) were more likely to start physical exercise.

Conclusion

Lung cancer screening is closely related to changes in health risk behaviors of screening population such as smoking, drinking, physical exercise, etc. Health education should be strengthened to guide high-risk population to make changes in health risk behaviors.

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目的

了解马鞍山市肺癌筛查队列高危人群的健康风险行为改变状况,探究肺癌筛查与健康风险行为变化的关联。

方法

对参与筛查的高危人群进行随访调查,收集基线及随访期间的基本资料和健康风险行为信息,使用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析探讨肺癌筛查与三种健康风险行为改变的关联。

结果

多因素logistic回归分析结果显示女性(OR=4.24,95% CI:1.80~9.96,P=0.001)、检出阳性肺结节(OR=1.98,95% CI:1.23~3.20,P=0.005)、筛查后主动向医生咨询身体情况者(OR=1.65,95% CI:1.08~2.52,P=0.020)更容易戒烟;年龄在60~69岁(OR=1.60,95% CI:1.14~2.24,P=0.007)、有肺部相关疾病史(OR=1.95,95% CI:1.13~3.39,P=0.017)、筛查后与亲友讨论身体状况(OR=1.65,95% CI:1.16~2.33,P=0.005)的持续吸烟者更可能减少吸烟量;女性(OR=2.19,95% CI:1.20~4.02,P=0.011)、有肺部相关疾病史(OR=1.91,95% CI:1.13~3.22,P=0.015)、有恶性肿瘤史(OR=3.07,95% CI:1.18~8.01,P=0.022)、被给予医嘱者(OR=1.69,95% CI:1.04~2.75,P=0.035)更容易戒酒;女性(OR=1.41,95% CI:1.02~1.94,P=0.037)、年龄大于70岁(OR=1.70,95% CI:1.07~2.68,P=0.024)、每年体检者(OR=2.03,95% CI:1.44~2.86,P<0.001)更可能开始体育锻炼。

结论

肺癌筛查与筛查人群吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼等健康风险行为的变化密切相关,应加强健康教育,引导高危人群对健康风险行为作出改变。

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秦其荣,E-mail:
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王凡(1976—),男,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:影像学

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Analysis of health risk behavior changes in lung cancer screening population before and after follow-up

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变量2020年基线2021年度随访χ2P
例数%例数%
吸烟状况9.520.009
不吸74937.672236.3
吸烟87443.982341.4
戒烟36718.444522.4
被动吸烟1.290.255
1 72186.51 69685.2
26913.529414.8
饮酒状况56.36<0.001
不饮98749.687343.9
饮酒82941.778739.5
戒酒1748.733016.6
体育锻炼6.91<0.001
78739.556828.5
1 20360.51 42271.5
油烟机使用1.680.194
673.4532.7
1 92396.61 93797.3
), ArticleFig(id=1240748864752373916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375271325487462, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

肺癌筛查人群随访前后健康风险行为变化情况分析

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变量2020年基线2021年度随访χ2P
例数%例数%
吸烟状况9.520.009
不吸74937.672236.3
吸烟87443.982341.4
戒烟36718.444522.4
被动吸烟1.290.255
1 72186.51 69685.2
26913.529414.8
饮酒状况56.36<0.001
不饮98749.687343.9
饮酒82941.778739.5
戒酒1748.733016.6
体育锻炼6.91<0.001
78739.556828.5
1 20360.51 42271.5
油烟机使用1.680.194
673.4532.7
1 92396.61 93797.3
), ArticleFig(id=1240748864840454305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375271325487462, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of smoking behavior changes in different characteristics of lung cancer screening cohort in Ma ’anshan City

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因素吸烟状况改变持续吸烟者吸烟量改变
持续吸烟戒烟χ2P不变/增加减少χ2P
例数%例数%例数%例数%
性别8.140.004a0.020.901
73786.911113.146663.227136.8
1765.4934.61164.7635.3
年龄(岁)0.870.6497.130.028
50~5927287.24012.818969.58330.5
60~6937386.35913.722259.515140.5
≥7010983.82116.26660.64339.4
是否阳性结节9.780.0024.260.039
65487.89112.242364.723135.3
10077.52922.55454.04646.0
肺部相关疾病史0.010.9826.700.010
69786.311113.745064.624735.4
5786.4913.62747.43052.6
是否主动向医生咨询身体情况6.160.0132.650.104
32389.73710.321566.610833.4
43183.98316.126260.816939.2
是否亲友讨论0.230.6347.780.005
21787.13212.915471.06329.0
53785.98814.132360.121439.9
), ArticleFig(id=1240748864974672046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375271325487462, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

马鞍山市社区肺癌筛查队列不同特征人群吸烟行为变化情况分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素吸烟状况改变持续吸烟者吸烟量改变
持续吸烟戒烟χ2P不变/增加减少χ2P
例数%例数%例数%例数%
性别8.140.004a0.020.901
73786.911113.146663.227136.8
1765.4934.61164.7635.3
年龄(岁)0.870.6497.130.028
50~5927287.24012.818969.58330.5
60~6937386.35913.722259.515140.5
≥7010983.82116.26660.64339.4
是否阳性结节9.780.0024.260.039
65487.89112.242364.723135.3
10077.52922.55454.04646.0
肺部相关疾病史0.010.9826.700.010
69786.311113.745064.624735.4
5786.4913.62747.43052.6
是否主动向医生咨询身体情况6.160.0132.650.104
32389.73710.321566.610833.4
43183.98316.126260.816939.2
是否亲友讨论0.230.6347.780.005
21787.13212.915471.06329.0
53785.98814.132360.121439.9
), ArticleFig(id=1240748865066946737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375271325487462, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of other behavioral changes in different characteristics of lung cancer screening cohort in Ma ’anshan City

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因素饮酒状况改变体育锻炼状况改变
持续饮酒戒酒χ2P持续无体育锻炼开始体育锻炼χ2P
例数%例数%例数%例数%
性别45.27<0.0013.130.077
54576.316923.728951.227648.8
3058.82141.29844.112455.9
年龄(岁)0.950.6238.520.014
50~5919475.56324.516953.015047.0
60~6927576.28623.817749.618050.4
≥7010672.14127.94136.97063.1
是否阳性结节2.400.1210.660.720
49376.215423.834049.335950.7
8269.53630.54748.05152.0
肺部相关疾病史5.410.0200.010.960
52976.316423.734450.235649.8
4663.92636.14346.84453.2
恶性肿瘤史4.950.026a0.010.914
56675.818124.237449.238650.8
950.0950.01348.11451.9
是否被给予医嘱4.890.0271.480.224
6776.42023.66054.55045.5
44465.523434.532748.335051.7
是否每年体检0.260.60920.40<0.001
12310.04490.012063.56936.5
45273.714626.326744.633155.4
), ArticleFig(id=1240748865188581566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375271325487462, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

马鞍山市社区肺癌筛查队列不同特征人群其他行为变化情况分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素饮酒状况改变体育锻炼状况改变
持续饮酒戒酒χ2P持续无体育锻炼开始体育锻炼χ2P
例数%例数%例数%例数%
性别45.27<0.0013.130.077
54576.316923.728951.227648.8
3058.82141.29844.112455.9
年龄(岁)0.950.6238.520.014
50~5919475.56324.516953.015047.0
60~6927576.28623.817749.618050.4
≥7010672.14127.94136.97063.1
是否阳性结节2.400.1210.660.720
49376.215423.834049.335950.7
8269.53630.54748.05152.0
肺部相关疾病史5.410.0200.010.960
52976.316423.734450.235649.8
4663.92636.14346.84453.2
恶性肿瘤史4.950.026a0.010.914
56675.818124.237449.238650.8
950.0950.01348.11451.9
是否被给予医嘱4.890.0271.480.224
6776.42023.66054.55045.5
44465.523434.532748.335051.7
是否每年体检0.260.60920.40<0.001
12310.04490.012063.56936.5
45273.714626.326744.633155.4
), ArticleFig(id=1240748865306022087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375271325487462, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of lung cancer screening and multiple health risk behavior changes

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因变量影响因素βSEWald χ2POR(95% CI)
吸烟状态改变
性别1.00
1.440.4410.950.0014.24(1.80~9.96)
年龄(岁)50~591.00
60~690.120.230.290.5901.13(0.73~1.76)
≥700.230.300.580.4401.26(0.70~2.27)
是否阳性结节1.00
0.680.257.810.0051.98(1.23~3.20)
是否主动咨询医生1.00
0.500.225.390.0201.65(1.08~2.52)
持续吸烟者吸烟量改变
性别1.00
0.090.520.030.8611.10(0.39~3.05)
年龄(岁)50~591.00
60~690.470.177.360.0071.60(1.14~2.24)
≥700.350.242.110.1471.42(0.88~2.28)
是否阳性结节1.00
0.370.222.800.0941.45(0.94~2.23)
肺部相关疾病史1.00
0.670.285.670.0171.95(1.13~3.39)
是否亲友讨论1.00
0.500.187.920.0051.65(1.16~2.33)
饮酒状态改变
性别1.00
0.790.316.480.0112.19(1.20~4.02)
年龄(岁)50~591.00
60~690.010.200.010.9591.01(0.69~1.49)
≥700.140.240.330.5651.15(0.71~1.85)
肺部相关疾病史1.00
0.650.275.880.0151.91(1.13~3.22)
恶性肿瘤史1.00
1.120.495.250.0223.07(1.18~8.01)
医生是否给予医嘱1.00
0.530.254.460.0351.69(1.04~2.75)
体育锻炼状态改变
性别1.00
0.340.164.360.0371.41(1.02~1.94)
年龄(岁)50~591.00
60~690.110.160.440.5051.11(0.82~1.52)
≥700.530.235.120.0241.70(1.07~2.68)
是否每年体检1.00
0.710.1816.18<0.0012.03(1.44~2.86)
), ArticleFig(id=1240748865427656910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375271325487462, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

肺癌筛查和多种健康风险行为改变的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量影响因素βSEWald χ2POR(95% CI)
吸烟状态改变
性别1.00
1.440.4410.950.0014.24(1.80~9.96)
年龄(岁)50~591.00
60~690.120.230.290.5901.13(0.73~1.76)
≥700.230.300.580.4401.26(0.70~2.27)
是否阳性结节1.00
0.680.257.810.0051.98(1.23~3.20)
是否主动咨询医生1.00
0.500.225.390.0201.65(1.08~2.52)
持续吸烟者吸烟量改变
性别1.00
0.090.520.030.8611.10(0.39~3.05)
年龄(岁)50~591.00
60~690.470.177.360.0071.60(1.14~2.24)
≥700.350.242.110.1471.42(0.88~2.28)
是否阳性结节1.00
0.370.222.800.0941.45(0.94~2.23)
肺部相关疾病史1.00
0.670.285.670.0171.95(1.13~3.39)
是否亲友讨论1.00
0.500.187.920.0051.65(1.16~2.33)
饮酒状态改变
性别1.00
0.790.316.480.0112.19(1.20~4.02)
年龄(岁)50~591.00
60~690.010.200.010.9591.01(0.69~1.49)
≥700.140.240.330.5651.15(0.71~1.85)
肺部相关疾病史1.00
0.650.275.880.0151.91(1.13~3.22)
恶性肿瘤史1.00
1.120.495.250.0223.07(1.18~8.01)
医生是否给予医嘱1.00
0.530.254.460.0351.69(1.04~2.75)
体育锻炼状态改变
性别1.00
0.340.164.360.0371.41(1.02~1.94)
年龄(岁)50~591.00
60~690.110.160.440.5051.11(0.82~1.52)
≥700.530.235.120.0241.70(1.07~2.68)
是否每年体检1.00
0.710.1816.18<0.0012.03(1.44~2.86)
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肺癌筛查与健康风险行为改变的关联性研究
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王凡 1 , 刘建军 2 , 李建伟 2 , 黄芬 2 , 秦其荣 3
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(8): 1473-1478
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(8): 1473-1478
肺癌筛查与健康风险行为改变的关联性研究
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王凡1, 刘建军2, 李建伟2, 黄芬2, 秦其荣3
作者信息
  • 1.德驭医疗马鞍山总医院影像中心,安徽 马鞍山 243000
  • 2.安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系
  • 3.马鞍山市疾病预防控制中心
  • 王凡(1976—),男,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:影像学

通讯作者:

秦其荣,E-mail:
Associations between lung cancer screening and health risk behavior changes
Fan WANG1, Jian-jun LIU2, Jian-wei LI2, Fen HUANG2, Qi-rong QIN3
Affiliations
  • Department of Imaging Center of Ma’anshan General Hospital of Ranger-Duree Healthcare, Ma’anshan, Anhui 243000, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311567
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目的

了解马鞍山市肺癌筛查队列高危人群的健康风险行为改变状况,探究肺癌筛查与健康风险行为变化的关联。

方法

对参与筛查的高危人群进行随访调查,收集基线及随访期间的基本资料和健康风险行为信息,使用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析探讨肺癌筛查与三种健康风险行为改变的关联。

结果

多因素logistic回归分析结果显示女性(OR=4.24,95% CI:1.80~9.96,P=0.001)、检出阳性肺结节(OR=1.98,95% CI:1.23~3.20,P=0.005)、筛查后主动向医生咨询身体情况者(OR=1.65,95% CI:1.08~2.52,P=0.020)更容易戒烟;年龄在60~69岁(OR=1.60,95% CI:1.14~2.24,P=0.007)、有肺部相关疾病史(OR=1.95,95% CI:1.13~3.39,P=0.017)、筛查后与亲友讨论身体状况(OR=1.65,95% CI:1.16~2.33,P=0.005)的持续吸烟者更可能减少吸烟量;女性(OR=2.19,95% CI:1.20~4.02,P=0.011)、有肺部相关疾病史(OR=1.91,95% CI:1.13~3.22,P=0.015)、有恶性肿瘤史(OR=3.07,95% CI:1.18~8.01,P=0.022)、被给予医嘱者(OR=1.69,95% CI:1.04~2.75,P=0.035)更容易戒酒;女性(OR=1.41,95% CI:1.02~1.94,P=0.037)、年龄大于70岁(OR=1.70,95% CI:1.07~2.68,P=0.024)、每年体检者(OR=2.03,95% CI:1.44~2.86,P<0.001)更可能开始体育锻炼。

结论

肺癌筛查与筛查人群吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼等健康风险行为的变化密切相关,应加强健康教育,引导高危人群对健康风险行为作出改变。

健康风险行为  /  筛查  /  健康教育  /  随访
Objective

To investigate the changes in health risk behaviors among high-risk groups in the lung cancer screening cohort in Ma’anshan City, and to explore the association between lung cancer screening and health risk behavior changes.

Methods

Follow-up survey was conducted among the high-risk population participating in screening.Basic data and health risk behavior information were collected at baseline and during follow-up. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the association between lung cancer screening and changes in three kinds of health risk behaviors.

Results

The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women(OR=4.24, 95% CI: 1.80-9.96,P=0.001), those with positive pulmonary nodules(OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.23-3.20, P=0.005) and those who consulted the doctor after screening(OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.08-2.52, P=0.020) were more likely to quit smoking. Persistent smokers who were 60 to 69 years old(OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.14-2.24, P=0.007), had a history of lung-related diseases(OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.13-3.39, P=0.017), and discussed their medical condition with relatives and friends after screening(OR=1.65,95% CI: 1.16-2.33,P=0.005) were more likely to smoke less. Women(OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.20-4.02,P=0.011), patients with a history of lung related diseases(OR=1.91,95% CI: 1.13-3.22,P=0.015), patients with a history of malignant tumors(OR=3.07,95% CI: 1.18-8.01,P=0.022), and patients receiving medical advice(OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.04-2.75, P=0.035) were more likely to abstain from alcohol. Women(OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.02-1.94, P=0.037), older than 70 years(OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.07-2.68, P=0.024) and those who had annual physical examination(OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.44-2.86, P<0.001) were more likely to start physical exercise.

Conclusion

Lung cancer screening is closely related to changes in health risk behaviors of screening population such as smoking, drinking, physical exercise, etc. Health education should be strengthened to guide high-risk population to make changes in health risk behaviors.

Health risk behavior  /  Screening  /  Health education  /  Follow-up visit
王凡, 刘建军, 李建伟, 黄芬, 秦其荣. 肺癌筛查与健康风险行为改变的关联性研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1473 -1478 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311567
Fan WANG, Jian-jun LIU, Jian-wei LI, Fen HUANG, Qi-rong QIN. Associations between lung cancer screening and health risk behavior changes[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1473 -1478 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311567
肺癌(Lung neoplasms)的高发病率与高死亡率给社会造成了严重的疾病负担[1]。对肺癌高危人群进行早期筛查不仅可以尽早发现肺癌,降低肺癌患者的特异性死亡率,同时还可以通过健康教育来影响改变被筛查者的生活行为,减少发病风险[2-3]。国内外已有研究对肺癌筛查和筛查人群健康风险行为改变的关联进行探究,大多关注于肺癌筛查对吸烟行为的影响[4-6]。目前对于肺癌筛查与其他健康风险行为改变之间关联的研究相对较少,因此本研究基于马鞍山市肺癌筛查队列,探讨肺癌筛查与多种健康风险行为改变的关联,为之后肺癌高危人群健康教育及健康促进策略的制定提供科学依据和理论支持。
本研究的调查对象来源于马鞍山市肺癌筛查及早诊早治项目[7]。对参与基线低剂量螺旋CT(Low Dose Computed Tomography, LDCT)筛查的2 289名肺癌高危人群进行为期一年的随访调查,剔除失访及数据缺失者299人,最终纳入研究对象1 990名。所有研究对象均签署了知情同意书,本研究经过马鞍山市疾病预防控制中心生物医学研究伦理委员会批准。
内容采用专家讨论制定并经过质量评估的自编问卷在基线筛查和随访调查时分别进行问卷调查,收集研究对象的相关信息。主要内容包括一般人口学特征(性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭经济收入等);健康风险行为特征(吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼等);个人疾病史及家族史(哮喘、肺炎、肺结核、肺气肿、肺纤维化、尘肺、矽肺、硅肺、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等肺部相关疾病、高血压、糖尿病以及恶性肿瘤等);生活环境状况(居住史、房屋装修状况、烧香供奉情况、发霉潮湿情况、马路距离、油烟机/排气扇使用情况等)。同时收集整理了参与者基线筛查时的影像学结果,在随访调查中还调查了相关就医行为特征(是否知晓筛查结果,筛查后是否主动向医生咨询身体情况,是否与亲朋好友进行交流和讨论有关身体健康的问题,医生是否就您的身体状况向您进行过健康管理和健康促进,是否可以遵从医嘱,是否每年体检等)。
(1)吸烟:指每天吸烟至少一支以上,且持续时间为半年以上[8]。(2)戒烟:指既往符合吸烟行为定义,但调查时不吸烟时长在6个月以上[9]。(3)饮酒:过去1年内平均每月饮用酒精性饮料超过1次者定义为饮酒[10]。(4)体育锻炼:指每周体育锻炼至少1次且每次锻炼不少于30分钟[11]。(5)阳性结节:对于实性结节、部分实性结节直径大于等于5 mm者,或非实性结节、磨玻璃结节大于等于8 mm者,或发现气管、支气管可疑病变,或被诊断为肺癌的肺部单发、多发结节或肺癌包块,则被定义为阳性结节[12]
自编问卷的设计是以慢性病风险评估标准化问卷为基础,并结合国内外肺癌相关的文献资料制定而成。所有调查员均经过问卷调查培训和考核合格后录用,以保证统一调查方法和询问口径。问卷调查过程中,安排质控员进行现场答疑和质控。LDCT检查由经验丰富的放射科医生团队严格按照筛查标准进行。
使用EpiData 3.1建立数据库,对数据进行双录入。使用SPSS 23.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。计数资料采用构成比/率描述,使用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法分析不同特征人群的健康风险行为情况,以持续吸烟、吸烟量增加/不变、持续饮酒以及持续无体育锻炼为参照组,将年龄、性别及单因素分析具有统计学意义的变量纳入多因素分析模型,采用非条件logistic回归模型分析肺癌筛查和几种健康风险行为改变的关联。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
本次研究共纳入研究对象1 990名。其中男性1 366名(68.6%),女性624名(31.4%);基线最小年龄为50岁,最大年龄为74岁,在60~69岁年龄区间的研究对象最多,有945人(47.5%);检出阳性肺结节者265人(13.3%)。
行为状况(1)基线吸烟者有874人(43.9%),被动吸烟者有269人(13.52%);基线饮酒者有829人(41.7%),基线无体育锻炼者占总研究对象的39.5%(787/1 990);基线有67人(3.37%)不使用油烟机。(2)研究对象筛查前后在吸烟状况、饮酒状况、体育锻炼方面差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。与基线状况相比,随访时吸烟率下降,戒烟率上升;饮酒率下降,戒酒率上升;参加体育锻炼人数占比上升。与基线相比,随访时被动吸烟人数上升,油烟机使用人数也上升,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。具体见表1
基线874名吸烟者中,有120人(13.73%)选择戒烟,筛查后女性、有阳性肺结节、筛查后主动向医生咨询身体情况者更可能选择戒烟(P<0.05);而在754名持续吸烟者中,有277人(36.74%)出现吸烟量减少的情况,吸烟量是否减少在年龄、肺部相关疾病史、是否检出阳性肺结节、筛查后是否与亲友讨论身体状况方面差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。具体见表2
(1)765名基线饮酒者中,有190人(24.84%)选择戒酒,单因素结果显示女性、有肺部相关疾病史、有恶性肿瘤史、被给予医嘱者更容易戒酒(P<0.05)。(2)787名基线无体育锻炼者中,有300人(38.12%)开始锻炼,体育锻炼状况改变在年龄、是否每年体检间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。具体见表3
将几种健康风险行为改变作为因变量,单因素分析中有统计学意义(P<0.05)的因素作为自变量,调整性别、年龄,做多因素 logistic 回归分析。结果显示女性、检出阳性肺结节、筛查后主动向医生咨询身体情况者更容易戒烟;年龄在60~69岁、有肺部相关疾病史、筛查后与亲友讨论身体状况的持续吸烟者更容易减少吸烟量;女性、有肺部相关疾病史、有恶性肿瘤史、被给予医嘱者更容易戒酒;女性、年龄大于70岁、每年体检者更容易开始体育锻炼。具体见表4
研究结果显示,研究对象筛查后的健康风险行为状况发生改变。相较于基线,筛查后的吸烟率下降,戒烟率上升,持续吸烟者的吸烟量有所降低,提示肺癌筛查项目可以降低筛查人群的吸烟流行率,该结论与既往多项研究结果一致[13-15]。相比于Williams等人的研究,本研究选择在肺癌筛查中结合戒烟建议,戒烟率也要更高(13.73% vs 8.9%)[16]。同时,一项基于非裔美国人的研究显示,在具有LDCT筛查资格的调查对象中,一年后只有4.8%的参与者减少了酒精摄入量,14.3%的参与者增加了锻炼时间[17]。而本研究在筛查一年后的戒酒率(24.84%)和体育锻炼率(34.12%)明显上升,提示肺癌筛查项目对于改变除吸烟之外的其他风险行为同样存在一定的积极作用。
对于健康风险行为变化的进一步分析发现,女性、检出阳性肺结节、筛查后主动向医生咨询身体情况者更容易戒烟;而在持续吸烟者中,年龄在60~69岁、有肺部相关疾病史、筛查后与亲友讨论身体状况者更可能减少吸烟量。这与陈颖怡等人[18]的研究结果相似,提示阳性的筛查结果及正向积极的就医行为可以促进吸烟行为的健康改善。女性、有肺部相关疾病史、有恶性肿瘤史、被给予医嘱者更容易发生戒酒的行为;相较于持续不锻炼者,女性、年龄大于70岁、每年体检者更容易开始体育锻炼。结果提示既往危险因素和积极的就医相关行为是改变健康风险行为的重要因素。同时,在本研究中,阳性筛查结果与饮酒、不锻炼行为的改变关联没有统计学意义,这可能是由于随访间隔的时间较短,筛查阳性结果还未能对这两种健康风险行为的改变产生足够影响。
有研究发现,由于吸烟、饮酒、不经常锻炼等不健康生活行为以及环境风险因素所导致的癌症,占总体发病数的43%[19]。虽然目前的癌症策略文件中已经认识到不健康生活行为因素在肺癌发生发展中的重要性,很大一部分成年居民仍然因未能达到当前的健康行为建议从而使得自身出现癌症的风险增加[20]。因此,对成年居民进行健康教育,使其对健康风险行为作出改变从而降低癌症的发生风险是十分必要的。既往肺癌筛查大多只侧重于吸烟的健康教育,并没有给予其他健康危险行为足够的关注[21-22]。然而,其他健康风险行为对于肺癌的发生发展同样具有一定的危险作用,而且由于健康行为趋于聚集的特性,具备其他风险行为的人更有可能去吸烟[23]。因此,在筛查的同时也应该着眼于多种健康风险行为的健康教育,通过筛查与健康教育紧密结合的方式来提升筛查对象的依从性,加深其对自身健康的危机感,促使其改变不健康的生活行为,达到减少发病风险提高预后结局的作用[24]
本研究存在着一定的局限性:首先,本研究只探讨了筛查与三种健康风险行为变化的关系,并未探讨诸如饮食等其他行为的变化;其次,纳入的变量较少,并未纳入吸烟强度、饮酒频率、锻炼频率等因素,使得对健康风险行为变化情况的评估不够全面;此外,本研究时间跨度较短,使得健康风险行为变化不明显,但由此更加可以证明筛查对于改变筛查对象健康风险行为具有显著的积极作用。后续将在更大规模人群更长时间跨度的研究中更进一步探讨筛查与健康风险行为变化的关系。同时也将借助筛查工作进行健康教育,对高危人群实施有效的危险行为干预劝导,降低健康风险行为的流行率,从而降低肺癌的发病风险。
  • 安徽省科技惠民示范工程专项(202007d07050008)
  • 安徽省卫生健康委科研项目专项(AHWJ2021a026)
  • 马鞍山市科技局资助项目专项(YL2021-028)
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2024年第51卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311567
  • 接收时间:2023-11-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-30
基金
安徽省科技惠民示范工程专项(202007d07050008)
安徽省卫生健康委科研项目专项(AHWJ2021a026)
马鞍山市科技局资助项目专项(YL2021-028)
作者信息
    1.德驭医疗马鞍山总医院影像中心,安徽 马鞍山 243000
    2.安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系
    3.马鞍山市疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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