Article(id=1240375112642384159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311271, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699891200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658071908, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658071908, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658071908, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658071908, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375105386238038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658070179, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658539618, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377074414833974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377074414833975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1057, endPage=1062, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375112973734188, articleId=1240375112642384159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Influences of Internet use on cognitive function of the elderly-chain mediating effect based on depression and disability, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between Internet use and cognitive function in the elderly.

Methods

Based on the data of China Family Panel Survey (CFPS) in 2020, the IADL scale and the mobile center self-rating depression scale were used to measure the disability status and depression status of the elderly. Two-column correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation. This paper constructed a multiple mediating effect model to study the mediating path of the impact of Internet use on the cognitive function of the elderly.

Results

After controlling for age, gender, marital status, and intergenerational support, the regression results showed that the use of the network had a significant direct impact on the cognitive function of the elderly (β=0.688, t=7.36, P<0.001), and depression and disability significantly affected the cognitive function of the elderly (β=-0.018, t=-2.696, P<0.05; β= -0.114, t=-4.83, P<0.001). The results of mediating effect analysis showed that the simple mediating effects of depression and disability between Internet use and cognitive function of the elderly were 0.044 (95% CI: 0.011 3-0.083 4) and 0.040 (95% CI:0.015 8-0.064 2), respectively, and the chain mediating effect was 0.006 (95% CI:0.000 4-0.013 2).

Conclusion

Depression and disability status have a mediating effect between whether or not to use the network and the cognitive function of the elderly, and depression and disability have a chain mediating effect in whether or not to use the network to affect the cognitive function of the elderly. With the popularization of the Internet, we should promote the use of the Internet in the elderly, and pay attention to the physical and mental health of the elderly, so as to protect the cognitive function of the elderly and delay or prevent the occurrence of cognitive impairment in the elderly.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong-xin JU, Jing TAN, Xiao-chun LI, Xiao-han QI, Yu-ying HOU, Qiu-sha LI, Zi-xuan ZHAO, Chen-xiao YANG, Bei LU, Wen-qiang YIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240375115091857743, articleId=1240375112642384159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=网络使用对老年人认知功能的影响研究——基于抑郁和失能的链式中介作用, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究老年人网络使用与认知功能之间的关系。

方法

本文运用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2020年数据,使用IADL量表、流动中心抑郁自评量表分别测量老年人失能状况和抑郁状况;采用二列相关分析相关性;构建多重中介效应模型,研究老年人使用网络对老年人认知功能影响的中介路径。

结果

在控制年龄、性别、婚姻状况、代际支持后,回归结果显示是否使用网络对老年人认知功能的直接影响显著(β=0.688,t=7.36,P<0.001);抑郁状况和失能状况显著影响老年人认知功能(β=-0.018,t=-2.69,P<0.05;β=-0.114,t=-4.83,P<0.001)。中介效应分析结果显示,抑郁状况和失能状况在网络使用和老年人认知功能之间的简单中介效应分别为0.044(95% CI:0.011 3~0.083 4)和0.040(95% CI:0.015 8~0.064 2),链式中介效应为0.006(95% CI:0.000 4~0.013 2)。

结论

抑郁状况和失能状况在是否使用网络和老年人认知功能之间存在中介效应,且抑郁和失能在是否使用网络影响老年人认知功能中存在链式中介效应。随着互联网的普及,应促进老年人互联网的使用,同时应注重老年人的身心健康,以此保护老年人认知功能,延缓或防止老年人认知障碍的发生。

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尹文强,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1aEooeCej5FhIoqEr+G3Og==, magXml=PWNyESFcYMfg/TekAWE0jg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=phkbNYHBgccYlPHMqOf1/Q==, pdfFileSize=824432, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=UEr//3zzZDGFBTViL34iBg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Xc0g+MiEzyaUImHsXu3xbw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

鞠洪鑫(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

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2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
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2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
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2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
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3.健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心
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3.健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心
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2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
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2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
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2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
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The social-psychological integration model of activities of daily living in rural elderly with high-risk of disability caused by hypertension and depression[D].Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2023., articleTitle=The social-psychological integration model of activities of daily living in rural elderly with high-risk of disability caused by hypertension and depression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240746311629197673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=11, pageStart=49, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=53, authorNames=徐金燕, 张倩倩, journalName=老龄科学研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐金燕,张倩倩.互联网使用与老年人心理健康的关系:一个有调节的中介模型[J].老龄科学研究202210(11):49-60., articleTitle=互联网使用与老年人心理健康的关系:一个有调节的中介模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240746311700500844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=11, pageStart=49, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Xu JY, Zhang QQ, journalName=Scientific Research on Aging, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu JY, Zhang QQ. The relationship between Internet use and mental health of older adults:a moderated mediation model[J]. 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注:* 表示P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=xRFekLHYDmrjG0QGWWXBBw==, figureFileBig=ntKn258mPpOHDFMlL/fxdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240746304159142764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Demographic characteristics (n=907)

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变量选项频率(人)百分比(%)
年龄(岁)60~7469676.70
75~8920822.90
≥9030.30
性别46150.80
44649.20
代际支持情况无代际支持31134.30
有代际支持59665.70
婚姻状况未婚111.20
在婚73080.50
同居10.10
离婚91.00
丧偶15617.20
网络使用情况78786.80
12013.20
), ArticleFig(id=1240746304251417456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

人口学特征(n=907)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项频率(人)百分比(%)
年龄(岁)60~7469676.70
75~8920822.90
≥9030.30
性别46150.80
44649.20
代际支持情况无代际支持31134.30
有代际支持59665.70
婚姻状况未婚111.20
在婚73080.50
同居10.10
离婚91.00
丧偶15617.20
网络使用情况78786.80
12013.20
), ArticleFig(id=1240746304360469365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The score of each item

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目n均值标准差
认知功能9070.001.00
抑郁状况9076.284.88
失能状况9070.661.35
), ArticleFig(id=1240746304456938360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各条目得分情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目n均值标准差
认知功能9070.001.00
抑郁状况9076.284.88
失能状况9070.661.35
), ArticleFig(id=1240746304582767487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation coefficient matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量是否使用网络抑郁状况得分失能状况得分认知功能得分
是否使用网络1.000
抑郁状况得分-0.206a1.000
失能状况得分-0.195a0.120a1.000
认知功能得分0.285a-0.194a-0.238a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240746304696013705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

相关系数矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量是否使用网络抑郁状况得分失能状况得分认知功能得分
是否使用网络1.000
抑郁状况得分-0.206a1.000
失能状况得分-0.195a0.120a1.000
认知功能得分0.285a-0.194a-0.238a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240746304838620048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multiple mediation model regression analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:抑郁状况模型2:失能状况模型3:认知功能
S.E.βtPS.E.βtPS.E.βtP
常量1.7759.1855.18<0.0010.496-2.636-5.32<0.0010.3570.3000.840.400
是否使用网络0.470-2.516-5.35<0.0010.132-0.347-2.64<0.050.0940.6887.35<0.001
抑郁状况0.0090.0202.22<0.050.007-0.018-2.69<0.050
失能状况0.024-0.114-4.83<0.001
年龄0.026-0.043-1.620.1050.0070.0486.61<0.0010.005-0.005-0.900.369
性别0.318-1.442-4.53<0.0010.089-0.215-2.42<0.0500.0630.3615.74<0.001
婚姻状况0.1450.4162.87<0.0500.040-0.038-0.960.3390.028-0.011-0.390.690
代际支持0.3320.1100.330.7410.0910.1571.720.0860.065-0.051-0.790.432
R20.710.820.16
F13.6813.4225.36
), ArticleFig(id=1240746304943477656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

多重中介模型回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:抑郁状况模型2:失能状况模型3:认知功能
S.E.βtPS.E.βtPS.E.βtP
常量1.7759.1855.18<0.0010.496-2.636-5.32<0.0010.3570.3000.840.400
是否使用网络0.470-2.516-5.35<0.0010.132-0.347-2.64<0.050.0940.6887.35<0.001
抑郁状况0.0090.0202.22<0.050.007-0.018-2.69<0.050
失能状况0.024-0.114-4.83<0.001
年龄0.026-0.043-1.620.1050.0070.0486.61<0.0010.005-0.005-0.900.369
性别0.318-1.442-4.53<0.0010.089-0.215-2.42<0.0500.0630.3615.74<0.001
婚姻状况0.1450.4162.87<0.0500.040-0.038-0.960.3390.028-0.011-0.390.690
代际支持0.3320.1100.330.7410.0910.1571.720.0860.065-0.051-0.790.432
R20.710.820.16
F13.6813.4225.36
), ArticleFig(id=1240746305069306783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mediation effect significance test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
S.E.效应量95% CI效应占比
直接效应0.0940.6880.504 3~0.871 488.55%
总中介效应0.0220.0900.048 8~0.133 211.58%
是否使用网络-抑郁状况-老年人认知功能0.0180.0440.011 3~0.083 45.66%
是否使用网络-失能状况-老年人认知功能0.0120.0400.015 8~0.064 25.15%
是否使用网络-抑郁状况-失能状况-老年人认知功能0.0030.0060.000 4~0.013 20.77%
总效应0.0930.7770.594 3~0.960 4100.00%
), ArticleFig(id=1240746305161581478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375112642384159, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

中介效应显著性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
S.E.效应量95% CI效应占比
直接效应0.0940.6880.504 3~0.871 488.55%
总中介效应0.0220.0900.048 8~0.133 211.58%
是否使用网络-抑郁状况-老年人认知功能0.0180.0440.011 3~0.083 45.66%
是否使用网络-失能状况-老年人认知功能0.0120.0400.015 8~0.064 25.15%
是否使用网络-抑郁状况-失能状况-老年人认知功能0.0030.0060.000 4~0.013 20.77%
总效应0.0930.7770.594 3~0.960 4100.00%
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网络使用对老年人认知功能的影响研究——基于抑郁和失能的链式中介作用
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鞠洪鑫 1, 2, 3 , 谭静 2, 3, 4 , 李晓纯 2, 3, 4 , 戚筱涵 1, 2, 3 , 侯玉莹 1, 2, 3 , 李秋莎 2, 3, 4 , 赵兹旋 2, 3, 4 , 杨辰啸 1, 2, 3 , 鲁贝 1, 2, 3 , 尹文强 1, 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(6): 1057-1062
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(6): 1057-1062
网络使用对老年人认知功能的影响研究——基于抑郁和失能的链式中介作用
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鞠洪鑫1, 2, 3, 谭静2, 3, 4, 李晓纯2, 3, 4, 戚筱涵1, 2, 3, 侯玉莹1, 2, 3, 李秋莎2, 3, 4, 赵兹旋2, 3, 4, 杨辰啸1, 2, 3, 鲁贝1, 2, 3, 尹文强1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
  • 3.健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心
  • 4.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 鞠洪鑫(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

通讯作者:

尹文强,E-mail:
Influences of Internet use on cognitive function of the elderly-chain mediating effect based on depression and disability
Hong-xin JU1, 2, 3, Jing TAN2, 3, 4, Xiao-chun LI2, 3, 4, Xiao-han QI1, 2, 3, Yu-ying HOU1, 2, 3, Qiu-sha LI2, 3, 4, Zi-xuan ZHAO2, 3, 4, Chen-xiao YANG1, 2, 3, Bei LU1, 2, 3, Wen-qiang YIN1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311271
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目的

探究老年人网络使用与认知功能之间的关系。

方法

本文运用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2020年数据,使用IADL量表、流动中心抑郁自评量表分别测量老年人失能状况和抑郁状况;采用二列相关分析相关性;构建多重中介效应模型,研究老年人使用网络对老年人认知功能影响的中介路径。

结果

在控制年龄、性别、婚姻状况、代际支持后,回归结果显示是否使用网络对老年人认知功能的直接影响显著(β=0.688,t=7.36,P<0.001);抑郁状况和失能状况显著影响老年人认知功能(β=-0.018,t=-2.69,P<0.05;β=-0.114,t=-4.83,P<0.001)。中介效应分析结果显示,抑郁状况和失能状况在网络使用和老年人认知功能之间的简单中介效应分别为0.044(95% CI:0.011 3~0.083 4)和0.040(95% CI:0.015 8~0.064 2),链式中介效应为0.006(95% CI:0.000 4~0.013 2)。

结论

抑郁状况和失能状况在是否使用网络和老年人认知功能之间存在中介效应,且抑郁和失能在是否使用网络影响老年人认知功能中存在链式中介效应。随着互联网的普及,应促进老年人互联网的使用,同时应注重老年人的身心健康,以此保护老年人认知功能,延缓或防止老年人认知障碍的发生。

网络使用  /  老年人  /  认知功能  /  CFPS数据库  /  中介分析
Objective

To explore the relationship between Internet use and cognitive function in the elderly.

Methods

Based on the data of China Family Panel Survey (CFPS) in 2020, the IADL scale and the mobile center self-rating depression scale were used to measure the disability status and depression status of the elderly. Two-column correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation. This paper constructed a multiple mediating effect model to study the mediating path of the impact of Internet use on the cognitive function of the elderly.

Results

After controlling for age, gender, marital status, and intergenerational support, the regression results showed that the use of the network had a significant direct impact on the cognitive function of the elderly (β=0.688, t=7.36, P<0.001), and depression and disability significantly affected the cognitive function of the elderly (β=-0.018, t=-2.696, P<0.05; β= -0.114, t=-4.83, P<0.001). The results of mediating effect analysis showed that the simple mediating effects of depression and disability between Internet use and cognitive function of the elderly were 0.044 (95% CI: 0.011 3-0.083 4) and 0.040 (95% CI:0.015 8-0.064 2), respectively, and the chain mediating effect was 0.006 (95% CI:0.000 4-0.013 2).

Conclusion

Depression and disability status have a mediating effect between whether or not to use the network and the cognitive function of the elderly, and depression and disability have a chain mediating effect in whether or not to use the network to affect the cognitive function of the elderly. With the popularization of the Internet, we should promote the use of the Internet in the elderly, and pay attention to the physical and mental health of the elderly, so as to protect the cognitive function of the elderly and delay or prevent the occurrence of cognitive impairment in the elderly.

Network use  /  The elderly  /  Cognitive function  /  CFPS database  /  Mediation analysis
鞠洪鑫, 谭静, 李晓纯, 戚筱涵, 侯玉莹, 李秋莎, 赵兹旋, 杨辰啸, 鲁贝, 尹文强. 网络使用对老年人认知功能的影响研究——基于抑郁和失能的链式中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (6) : 1057 -1062 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311271
Hong-xin JU, Jing TAN, Xiao-chun LI, Xiao-han QI, Yu-ying HOU, Qiu-sha LI, Zi-xuan ZHAO, Chen-xiao YANG, Bei LU, Wen-qiang YIN. Influences of Internet use on cognitive function of the elderly-chain mediating effect based on depression and disability[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (6) : 1057 -1062 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311271
据第七次人口普查数据,我国60岁以上老年人口在总人口中占比为18.70%[1]。随着人口老龄化的发展,老年群体认知障碍的发生率也逐渐增高。认知障碍不仅降低自身生活质量、增加家人照顾成本,而且加重社会养老负担[2]。近年来,许多学者对老年人认知功能的影响因素展开研究并发现社会隔离是降低老年人认知功能的重要因素[3]。因此积极的社会参与可以有效预防老年人认知功能障碍的发生[4]。得益于网络的迅速发展,互联网成为老年人进行社会参与的重要途径[5-6]。在使用网络时,不仅有效减少老年人社会隔离状态,而且调动逻辑思维等多项认知领域,进而保护老年人的认知功能[6-7]。同时积极的社会参与有利于老年人的身心健康[8-9],而抑郁是衡量老年人心理健康状况的重要指标,并且是影响老年人认知功能的风险因素[10-11],有研究表明抑郁在社会参与和认知障碍之间存在中介作用。其次,日常活动能力受损的老年人更容易发生社会隔离[12],但互联网的发展可以促进老年人社会参与程度[13]。相关研究认为[14-16],老年人日常活动能力也影响认知功能,并且社会隔离可以通过日常活动能力的中介作用间接对老年人认知功能产生影响。因此,基于现有研究,选取失能状况和抑郁状况作为本研究的中介变量。
综上,现有研究验证了认知功能、抑郁状况和失能状况之间存在相互影响关系,但基于网络使用情况对我国老年人认知功能影响路径的研究并不充分。鉴于此,本文基于CFPS数据库结合我国人口老龄化和信息化的社会发展趋势,探讨网络使用对老年人认知功能的影响,分析抑郁和失能状况在其中是否存在中介作用,并在研究基础上提出保护老年人认知功能的合理建议。
本文所用数据来源于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)项目2020年的调查结果。中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS),是北京大学社会科学调查中心实施的综合性的社会追踪调查项目,追踪收集个体、家庭、社区三个层次的数据,反映中国社会、经济、人口、教育和健康的变迁。本研究选取60岁以上的老年人为研究对象,由于2020年CFPS数据主要通过电话访问方式进行,故关于认知功能的样本量较少,且在剔除了主要变量的缺失值后,最终获得907个样本量。具体筛选过程如图1所示。
本研究将选取老年人认知功能为因变量,是否上网为自变量,易于状况和失能状况为中介变量。各个变量具体解释如下:
(1)是否上网:选取是否移动上网和是否电脑上网两个问题,对二者进行合并后构成自变量是否使用网络作为本研究的解释变量。若两个问题中任有一个问题选择为“是”则认为该研究对象使用网络,若两项均为“否”则认为该研究对象不使用网络。
(2)老年人认知功能:被解释变量为老年人认知功能,在CFPS 2020年的调查数据中,主要采用包括记忆力得分和数列推理能力得分的流体智力得分测试老年人的认知功能。情景记忆采用记忆力测试,其原始得分在 0~10分之间;执行功能采用数列推理能力测试,其原始得分在409~584分之间。其中记忆力得分采用字词记忆法,包括短时记忆和延时记忆。因此根据情景记忆得分与执行功能得分两项获得被解释变量。取情景记忆得分平均值与执行功能得分相加,构成老年人认知功能得分。并对老年人认知功能得分进行标准化处理,转化为均值为0,标准差为1的连续性变量[17]
(3)失能状况:根据Lawton等所开发的日常生活能力量表包括IADL量表和BADL量表评价老年人失能状况。CFPS数据库引用IADL量表表示关于失能状况,将选项进行反向赋分,选项“否”赋分为1,选项“是”赋分为0,加和后赋分范围为0~7分,得分越高失能状况越严重。具体评价条目有:您是否能独立去户外活动、您是否独立进餐、您是否能独立进行厨房活动、您是否能独立使用公共交通、您是否能独立购物、您是否能独立清洁卫生、您是否能独立洗衣。
(4)抑郁状况:CFPS数据库引用流动中心抑郁自评量表测量老年人抑郁状况,将选项赋值0~3分,其中“我生活快乐”“我感到愉快”进行反向赋分,加和后赋值范围为0~24分,得分越高抑郁状况越严重[17]。具体评价条目有:我感到情绪低落、我觉得做任何事都很费劲、我的睡眠不好、我感到愉快、我感到孤独、我生活快乐、我感到悲伤难过、我觉得生活无法继续。
(5)控制变量:本文将年龄、性别、婚姻状况、代际支持作为控制变量。代际支持选取“子女是否提供经济支持”“子女是否提供照料”两项,并进行合并[18]。若有一项选择为“是”则认为该研究对象存在代际支持。
基于现有研究结论,本文提出以下假设:
H1:使用网络正向影响老年人认知功能
H2a:抑郁状况负向影响老年人认知功能
H2b:抑郁状况在是否使用网络与老年人认知功能间具有中介作用
H3a:失能状况负向影响老年人认知功能
H3b:失能状况在是否使用网络与老年人认知功能间具有中介作用
H4:是否使用网络通过抑郁状况和失能状况的链式中介作用影响老年人认知功能。
采用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行数据处理与分析。计数资料的统计描述采用结构相对数,计量资料采用均数±标准差描述。数据分析使用二列相关分析相关性,使用SPSS PROCESS 4.0宏程序进行中介效应检验,结果以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
本文研究对象共907名老年人,平均年龄69.49±6.35岁,使用网络的老年人有120人(13.20%),不使用网络的有787人(86.80%),其中男性461人(50.80%),女性446人(49.20%);有代际支持的老年人596人(65.70%),没有代际支持的老年人311人(34.30%);婚姻状况在婚的老年人730人(80.50%),婚姻状况丧偶的老年人156人(17.20%)。
对907位调查对象按照认知功能、抑郁状况、失能状况三个条目进行得分分析,根据得分结果可知,认知功能平均得分为(0.00±1.00);抑郁状况平均得分为(6.28±4.88);失能状况平均得分为(0.66±1.35)。
是否使用网络与抑郁状况、失能状况得分均呈现负相关(P<0.001),与认知功能得分呈正相关(P<0.001);抑郁状况得分与失能状况呈现正相关(P<0.001),与认知功能得分呈现负相关(P<0.001);失能状况得分与认知功能呈现负相关(P<0.001)。分析结果见表3
本研究在控制年龄、性别、婚姻状况、代际支持基础上,以是否使用网络为自变量,以老年人认知功能为因变量,以抑郁状况和失能状况为中介变量进行多重中介效应分析。数据分析结果显示,是否使用网络与抑郁状况、失能状况呈负相关关系(β=-2.516,P<0.001;β=-0.347,P<0.05)与认知功能呈正相关关系(β=0.688,P<0.001)。抑郁状况与失能状况呈正相关关系(β=0.020,P<0.05),与认知功能呈负相关关系(β=-0.018,P<0.05)。失能状况与认知功能呈负相关关系(β=-0.114,P<0.001)。
根据多重中介模型分析结果,是否使用网络对老年人认知功能的直接效应存在统计学意义(95% CI:0.504 3~0.871 4)。抑郁状况和失能状况在是否使用网络和老年人认知功能之间中介效应有统计学意义(95% CI:0.011 3~0.083 4;95% CI:0.015 8~0.064 2)。抑郁状况、失能状况在是否使用网络和老年人认知功能之间的链式中介效应有统计学意义(95% CI:0.000 4~0.013 2)。直接效应值0.688,总效应值为0.777,总中介效应值为0.090。因此,假设均成立。结果见表5图2
本研究基于中国家庭追踪调查2020年数据,选取年龄在60岁及以上的老年人进行横断面研究。剖析是否使用网络、抑郁状况和失能状况、认知功能之间的相互关系和作用机制。研究发现,在所调查群体中,使用网络的老年人数量远少于不使用网络的老年人数量;抑郁状况和失能状况在是否使用网络和老年人认知功能之间存在中介效应,其间接效应分别占总效应5.67%和5.09%;抑郁和失能在使用网络老年人认知功能的影响中存在链式中介效应,效应占总效应的0.75%。
研究结果显示,是否使用网络与老年人认知功能正相关,不使用网络的老年人认知功能更差。既往研究表明,网络的使用也可以获取更多的健康相关知识,调节自身健康行为,并且互联网的发展可以激发老年人的健康投资意愿,积累健康资本[5]。同时,网络消除了社交壁垒,促进老年人的整体社会参与程度[13],当老年人利用网络进行社会参与时,需要调动多个认知领域[6],因此使用网络的老年人在认知功能方面更具优势。所以结合我国信息化和人口老龄化的社会趋势,加快促进网络基础设施均等化,破除老年人所面临的“数字鸿沟”现象。通过志愿者上门、借助社区平台定期组织网络素养培训工作,强化老年人互联网学习。并针对不同情况的老年人,精准制定互联网推广政策,逐步提高老年人的互联网使用率。
本研究结果显示,抑郁状况对认知功能有负向预测作用,这与既往的研究结论一致[16,19]。从心理机制来看,推测老年人由抑郁引发情绪障碍,难以排解的不良情绪占据了老年人有限的认知资源[17],从而抑制老年人思维活动;从生理机制来看,抑郁会影响记忆力、逻辑思维等能力,进而导致大脑功能受损,最终影响老年人的认知功能[20]。老年人由于社会支持的减少,因此难以有效排解心中的不良情绪以及获得精神支持[21],但是网络可以保证老年人与家人、朋友之间及时联系,获得情感支持,缓解抑郁情绪,进而保护老年人的认知功能。鉴于此,可以提高老年人网络的使用率,在网络中配备相关的心理健康资源,让老年人通过线上交友、网络聊天、线上心理健康咨询的方式及时疏导抑郁情绪从而保护老年人的认知功能。
根据研究结果,失能状况对老年人认知功能存在直接影响,对老年人认知功能有负向预测作用。据相关研究表明,日常活动能力受损的老年人有更高的认知障碍发生率[10]。失能会限制老年人活动范围,减少与外界的接触的机会,进而增加老年人社会隔离的发生率[12]。社会隔离会造成老年人获取信息量的下降,长期缺乏信息量刺激会增加老年人认知功能受损的发生率[16]。而使用网络的老年人,增加信息量的刺激,并且所获得文化和医疗信息也可以在一定程度上规避风险因素,改变可能导致认知功能下降的生活方式[22]。其次,老年人使用网络进行社会交往等活动,需要调动多项认知领域[7],由此可以刺激老年人大脑,改善注意力、延迟记忆、逻辑思维等方面的认知能力[23]。因此,对于日常活动能力受损的老年人来说,可以通过网络新闻了解外部信息,增加信息量的刺激和与外界接触的机会,避免与社会脱节,从而保护老年人的认知功能。
有研究表明,网络使用可以缓解抑郁情绪并加强老年人的社会支持和社会网络,对老年人的幸福感和心理健康具有积极影响[24]。据研究结果,抑郁状况对失能状况有正向预测作用,表明抑郁是导致失能的风险因素,这与已有的研究结果一致[25],这是因为人的行为往往会被心理状态影响,消极的心理状态会损害老年人的身体健康,影响老年人的躯体活动能力并减少社会参与,最终导致老年人失能的发生[26-27]。根据上述讨论,使用网络可以促进老年人进行社会参与[28],从而保护老年人的认知功能。
综上所述,为有效保护老年人认知功能,应继续提高老年人的互联网使用率,注重老年人身体健康的同时也要关注老年人心理健康状况。同时,针对存在认知障碍、抑郁的老年人也可以在临床诊疗的过程中通过互联网使用的相关措施进行恢复治疗。
此外,本研究也存在一定不足,在使用网络方面没有进行使用程度和具体使用内容的划分,具体的网络使用内容和最佳网络使用时长仍需要进一步的探讨。其次,本研究为横断面研究,欠缺对各变量之间的因果关系的验证,将来可以结合多年数据进行纵向研究以确定因果关系。
  • 山东省重点研发计划(软科学项目)(2022RKY07002)
  • 教育部人文社会科学基金项目(22YJAZH137)
  • 潍坊医学院研究生科研创新基金
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2024年第51卷第6期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311271
  • 接收时间:2023-11-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-14
基金
山东省重点研发计划(软科学项目)(2022RKY07002)
教育部人文社会科学基金项目(22YJAZH137)
潍坊医学院研究生科研创新基金
作者信息
    1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
    3.健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心
    4.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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