Article(id=1240375110746567659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309463, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695571200000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658071456, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658071456, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658071456, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658071456, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375105386238038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658070179, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658539618, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377074414833974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377074414833975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=966, endPage=969, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375111027586035, articleId=1240375110746567659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among the Hani ethnic minority older adults in rural Yunnan: a structural equation modeling method, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Toanalyze the prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among the Hani ethnic minority older adults in rural areas of Yunnan Province.

Methods

The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select 1 402 rural Hani ethnic minority older adults aged ≥60 years in Mojiang County, Yunnan, each participant received a questionnaire survey and physical examination. Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to assess the possible influencing factors of COPD status.

Results

Among the Hani ethnic minority older adults investigated, the prevalence of COPD was 8.84%. Men had a significantly higher prevalence of COPD than women (12.04% and 5.90%, χ2=16.348,P<0.001). Prevalence of COPD increased with advancing age (χ2=5.625,P=0.018). Hani older adults with a family history of COPD, individuals with low body mass index, and smokers had a higher prevalence of COPD than their counterparts (χ2=13.791,χ2=36.651,χ2=14.963,P<0.001). The results of SEM analysis indicated that gender, age, low body mass index, smoking had an effect on prevalence of COPD with the total effects of -2.53, 0.66, 1.79, 1.20 and 0.30, respectively.

Conclusion

The prevalence of COPD among Hani older adults was comparatively low in rural Yunnan, and men, advanced age groups, those with a family history of COPD, those with a low body mass index, and smokers were the priority populations for COPD prevention and control.

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目的

分析云南省农村哈尼族老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,COPD)的患病现状及其影响因素。

方法

采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取云南省墨江县农村1 402名≥60岁哈尼族常住居民进行现场问卷调查和体格检查,并运用结构方程模型(Structure Equation Modeling,SEM)分析COPD患病的影响因素。

结果

云南农村哈尼族老年人COPD患病率为8.84%,其中男性患病率显著高于女性(12.04%和5.90%,χ2=16.348,P<0.001);COPD的患病率随年龄的增加而升高(χ2=5.625,P=0.018);哈尼族老年人中低体质指数者、有COPD家族史者和吸烟者的COPD患病率均高于非低体质指数者、无COPD家族史者和不吸烟者(χ2=36.651,χ2=13.791,χ2=14.963,P<0.001)。SEM分析结果显示,性别、年龄、低体质指数、COPD家族史和吸烟均对COPD患病产生影响,其总效应分别为-2.53、0.66、1.79、1.20和0.30。

结论

云南农村哈尼族老年人COPD的患病率处于较低水平,其中男性、高龄、有COPD家族史者、低体质指数者和吸烟者是COPD防控的重点人群。

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蔡乐,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=TJTNV2LBHiirWYiB5a02KA==, magXml=b2ngS2s5MGfy9ysWT41x6Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=koWvTCHcVGfyJDHCf/Ra6A==, pdfFileSize=549847, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=tt7l1HKiBmcTIrQyfil0CA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=uLBmiTBOk64kmpXIca7rig==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李皓(2002—),男,本科在读,研究方向:预防医学

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注:*表示P<0.05;**表示P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=WjNqc/KH7mSVbnac2X/w9Q==, figureFileBig=hSgFvZtve1KCvwbsJENbvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240746311750832494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375110746567659, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Prevalenceof COPD among Hani ethnic minority elderly by different characteristics in the investigated region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量患病人数
(n)
患病率
(%)
χ2P
性别16.348<0.001
8112.04
435.90
年龄组(岁)6.8310.077
60~64245.87
65~69409.52
70~74299.93
≥753111.03
受教育程度1.5400.215
文盲708.10
小学及以上5410.04
居住环境0.1120.738
砖木及砖混1188.91
石头及土坯67.79
COPD家族史13.791<0.001
828.57
1168.44
低体质指数31.651<0.001
4318.38
816.93
吸烟14.963<0.001
5913.11
656.83
被动吸烟3.3080.069
54.27
1199.26
生物燃料暴露0.4100.522
888.55
369.65
合计1248.84
), ArticleFig(id=1240746311830524276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375110746567659, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查地区不同特征哈尼族老年人COPD患病情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量患病人数
(n)
患病率
(%)
χ2P
性别16.348<0.001
8112.04
435.90
年龄组(岁)6.8310.077
60~64245.87
65~69409.52
70~74299.93
≥753111.03
受教育程度1.5400.215
文盲708.10
小学及以上5410.04
居住环境0.1120.738
砖木及砖混1188.91
石头及土坯67.79
COPD家族史13.791<0.001
828.57
1168.44
低体质指数31.651<0.001
4318.38
816.93
吸烟14.963<0.001
5913.11
656.83
被动吸烟3.3080.069
54.27
1199.26
生物燃料暴露0.4100.522
888.55
369.65
合计1248.84
), ArticleFig(id=1240746311914410360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375110746567659, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Generalized structural equation modeling analysis of determinants on COPD prevalence among rural Hani elderly in the investigated region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量OR值 (95% CI)P
COPD:
性别0.461(0.266~0.797)0.006
年龄1.219(1.022~1.455)0.028
COPD家族史5.972(2.434~14.642)<0.001
低体质指数3.304(2.166~5.040)<0.001
吸烟1.351(1.194~2.286)0.026
吸烟:
性别0.028(0.001~0.076)<0.001
低体质指数:
年龄1.464(1.286~1.667)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240746312010879357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375110746567659, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

调查地区哈尼族老年人COPD患病影响因素的广义结构方程模型分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量OR值 (95% CI)P
COPD:
性别0.461(0.266~0.797)0.006
年龄1.219(1.022~1.455)0.028
COPD家族史5.972(2.434~14.642)<0.001
低体质指数3.304(2.166~5.040)<0.001
吸烟1.351(1.194~2.286)0.026
吸烟:
性别0.028(0.001~0.076)<0.001
低体质指数:
年龄1.464(1.286~1.667)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240746312094765441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375110746567659, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Direct and indirect effects and path coefficients of each variable on COPD

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变量作用路径直接效应作用路径间接效应总效应
性别性别→COPD-0.77a性别→吸烟→COPD-1.76b-2.53a
年龄年龄→COPD0.20a年龄→低体质指数→COPD0.46b0.66a
COPD家族史COPD家族史→COPD1.79b1.79b
低体质指数低体质指数→COPD1.20b1.20b
吸烟吸烟→COPD0.30a0.30a
), ArticleFig(id=1240746312228983174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375110746567659, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各变量对COPD患病的直接、间接作用及作用路径系数

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变量作用路径直接效应作用路径间接效应总效应
性别性别→COPD-0.77a性别→吸烟→COPD-1.76b-2.53a
年龄年龄→COPD0.20a年龄→低体质指数→COPD0.46b0.66a
COPD家族史COPD家族史→COPD1.79b1.79b
低体质指数低体质指数→COPD1.20b1.20b
吸烟吸烟→COPD0.30a0.30a
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云南农村哈尼族老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病的流行现状及影响因素分析
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李皓 1, 2 , 刘岚 1, 2 , 李长鑫 1, 2 , 徐帅 1, 2 , 王波 1, 2 , 刘杜丽 1, 2 , 余孜孜 1, 2 , 蔡乐 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(6): 966-969
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(6): 966-969
云南农村哈尼族老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病的流行现状及影响因素分析
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李皓1, 2, 刘岚1, 2, 李长鑫1, 2, 徐帅1, 2, 王波1, 2, 刘杜丽1, 2, 余孜孜1, 2, 蔡乐1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.国家卫健委毒品依赖和戒治重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500
  • 2.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 李皓(2002—),男,本科在读,研究方向:预防医学

通讯作者:

蔡乐,E-mail:
Prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among the Hani ethnic minority older adults in rural Yunnan: a structural equation modeling method
Hao LI1, 2, Lan LIU1, 2, Chang-xin LI1, 2, Shuai XU1, 2, Bo WANG1, 2, Du-li LIU1, 2, Zi-zi YU1, 2, Le CAI1, 2
Affiliations
  • NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309463
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目的

分析云南省农村哈尼族老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,COPD)的患病现状及其影响因素。

方法

采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取云南省墨江县农村1 402名≥60岁哈尼族常住居民进行现场问卷调查和体格检查,并运用结构方程模型(Structure Equation Modeling,SEM)分析COPD患病的影响因素。

结果

云南农村哈尼族老年人COPD患病率为8.84%,其中男性患病率显著高于女性(12.04%和5.90%,χ2=16.348,P<0.001);COPD的患病率随年龄的增加而升高(χ2=5.625,P=0.018);哈尼族老年人中低体质指数者、有COPD家族史者和吸烟者的COPD患病率均高于非低体质指数者、无COPD家族史者和不吸烟者(χ2=36.651,χ2=13.791,χ2=14.963,P<0.001)。SEM分析结果显示,性别、年龄、低体质指数、COPD家族史和吸烟均对COPD患病产生影响,其总效应分别为-2.53、0.66、1.79、1.20和0.30。

结论

云南农村哈尼族老年人COPD的患病率处于较低水平,其中男性、高龄、有COPD家族史者、低体质指数者和吸烟者是COPD防控的重点人群。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病  /  患病率  /  结构方程模型  /  影响因素  /  哈尼族老年人
Objective

Toanalyze the prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among the Hani ethnic minority older adults in rural areas of Yunnan Province.

Methods

The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select 1 402 rural Hani ethnic minority older adults aged ≥60 years in Mojiang County, Yunnan, each participant received a questionnaire survey and physical examination. Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to assess the possible influencing factors of COPD status.

Results

Among the Hani ethnic minority older adults investigated, the prevalence of COPD was 8.84%. Men had a significantly higher prevalence of COPD than women (12.04% and 5.90%, χ2=16.348,P<0.001). Prevalence of COPD increased with advancing age (χ2=5.625,P=0.018). Hani older adults with a family history of COPD, individuals with low body mass index, and smokers had a higher prevalence of COPD than their counterparts (χ2=13.791,χ2=36.651,χ2=14.963,P<0.001). The results of SEM analysis indicated that gender, age, low body mass index, smoking had an effect on prevalence of COPD with the total effects of -2.53, 0.66, 1.79, 1.20 and 0.30, respectively.

Conclusion

The prevalence of COPD among Hani older adults was comparatively low in rural Yunnan, and men, advanced age groups, those with a family history of COPD, those with a low body mass index, and smokers were the priority populations for COPD prevention and control.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  /  Prevalence  /  Structural equation modeling  /  Influencing factors  /  Hani ethnic minority older adults
李皓, 刘岚, 李长鑫, 徐帅, 王波, 刘杜丽, 余孜孜, 蔡乐. 云南农村哈尼族老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病的流行现状及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (6) : 966 -969 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309463
Hao LI, Lan LIU, Chang-xin LI, Shuai XU, Bo WANG, Du-li LIU, Zi-zi YU, Le CAI. Prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among the Hani ethnic minority older adults in rural Yunnan: a structural equation modeling method[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (6) : 966 -969 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309463
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种以进行性发展且不完全可逆的气流受限为特征的慢性气道疾病[1],主要由吸烟、遗传因素和环境污染等多种因素相互作用引起[2]。近年来,我国老年人口规模迅速扩大,COPD的发生率和病死率不断上升,给个人、家庭和社会带来了巨大的负担[3]。云南是特有少数民族最多的省份,其中以哈尼族人口最多,然而关于哈尼族COPD的流行病学研究较少。墨江县位于云南省南部,是中国唯一的哈尼族自治县,下辖12镇3乡,常住人口总数为28.15万人,其中农村人口占68.0%,哈尼族占63.3%。本研究通过2023年7—8月云南省墨江县≥60岁哈尼族农村居民的现场调查资料,分析哈尼族老年人的COPD患病现状,并利用结构方程模型分析人口学特征(性别、年龄、受教育程度)、吸烟情况、体质指数、生物燃料暴露和居住环境等影响因素对COPD患病的影响,以期为当地COPD的科学防控提供参考。
研究对象为云南墨江县≥60岁农村哈尼族常住居民。
采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,首先将云南省墨江县所辖乡镇划分为经济水平高和低2层,从每层中随机抽取1个乡镇;然后在抽中的2个乡镇中,采用概率比例规模抽样法各随机抽取6个行政村;最后在抽中的12个行政村中,采用单纯随机抽样法中随机抽取在当地居住超过五年且年龄≥60岁的哈尼族居民作为研究对象进行现场调查。本次调查经昆明医科大学伦理审查委员会批准(批号:KMMU2020MEC031),且所有研究对象均知情同意。
采用自行设计且根据预调查结果进行了修改完善的调查问卷,由集中培训并考核合格的调查员开展一对一面访调查工作。内容包括:一般人口学特征(年龄、性别、受教育程度和住房类型等)、现在吸烟、被动吸烟、家庭燃料使用情况和COPD患病情况(诊断机构、患病时长(年)、是否有家族史等)。
测量内容包括身高、体重和肺功能。肺功能检测:由云南省某三甲医院呼吸科医生采用日本捷斯特(CHEST)便携式肺功能仪HI-101测量所有调查对象的第一秒用力呼气量(Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second, FEV1)和用力肺活量(Forced Vital Capacity, FVC)。
(1)COPD诊断标准:吸入支气管舒张剂(沙丁胺醇气雾剂)后[1],和(或)调查对象出具乡镇及以上医疗机构的诊断证明;(2)COPD患病率=COPD患者例数/本次调查总人数×100%;(3)吸烟:截止目前连续或累积吸烟6个月及以上者且累积吸烟量超过100支[4];(4)被动吸烟:不吸烟者每周有1天以上的时间,吸入吸烟者呼出的烟雾≥15分钟/天[4];(5)低体质指数:根据《中国成人超重和肥胖症预防与控制指南》以体重指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)为衡量标准,BMI=体重/身高2(kg/m2),BMI<18.5 kg/m2为低体质指数[5]
运用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库进行双录入,SPSS 24.0软件进行数据统计分析;计数资料采用频数(n)和百分比(%)表示,不同分类变量间的COPD患病率比较采用χ2检验;运用Stata 15.0软件构建广义结构方程模型分析COPD患病的影响因素,选择单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的变量纳入模型。由于因变量COPD患病,中介变量吸烟和低体质指数均服从0/1分布,运用logit联结函数将因变量和中介变量与自变量之间进行转换,即E(Y)=F[g(x)]=∑βixi,采用极大似然法进行参数估计,并计算相对危险度(odds ratio,OR)值。广义结构方程模型的拟合指标包括赤池信息量准则(Akaike information criterion, AIC)和贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian Information Criterion, BIC),其值越小,模型的拟合效果越好[6]。检验水准为双侧α=0.05。
本次调查共发放1 500份问卷,实际回收有效问卷1 402份,问卷有效率为93.47%。调查人群中男性673人(48.00%),女性729人(52.00%);年龄60~64岁组409人(29.17%),65~69岁组420人(29.96%),70~74岁组292人(20.83%),≥75岁组281人(20.04%);受教育程度为文盲者864人(61.63%),小学及以上者538人(38.37%);居住环境为砖木及砖混者1 325人(94.51%),石头及土胚者77人(5.49%);有COPD家族史者28人(2.00%);低体质指数者234人(16.69%);吸烟者450人(32.10%);被动吸烟者117人(8.35%);生物燃料暴露者1 029人(73.40%)。
调查人群COPD患病率为8.84%,其中男性COPD患病率显著高于女性(12.04%和5.90%,χ2=16.348,P<0.001);COPD的患病率随年龄的增加而升高(χ2=5.625,P=0.018);不同受教育程度和居住环境哈尼族老年人的COPD患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);哈尼族老年人中低体质指数者、有COPD家族史者和吸烟者的COPD患病率均高于非低体质指数者、无COPD家族史者和不吸烟者(χ2=36.651,χ2=13.791,χ2=14.963,P<0.001);不同被动吸烟和生物燃料暴露情况的哈尼族老年人的COPD患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1
本研究的内生观测变量为COPD患病,外生观测变量包括年龄、性别(0=男,1=女)、COPD家族史(0=否,1=是)、低体质指数(0=否,1=是)、吸烟(0=否,1=是),分别拟合无中介变量和加入吸烟和低体质指数2个中介变量的广义结构方程模型。模型拟合结果显示,加入吸烟和低体质指数2个中介变量模型的AIC和BIC值分别为784.508和815.982,均小于无中介变量模型的AIC和BIC值2 932.882和2 985.338,提示加入吸烟和低体质指数2个中介变量后的模型拟合效果优于无中介变量模型。最终选取加入吸烟和低体质指数2个中介变量的广义结构方程模型,路径系数见图1
结果显示,男性、年龄较高者、低体质指数者、有COPD家族史者和吸烟者患COPD的风险更高(P<0.05),且男性吸烟的可能性高于女性,年龄较高者发生低体质指数的可能性更大。见表2。性别、年龄、低体质指数、COPD家族史和吸烟对COPD患病的直接效应分别为-0.77、0.20、1.79、1.20和0.30;性别和年龄通过吸烟和低体质指数对COPD患病的间接效应分别为-1.76和0.46。见表3
本次调查结果显示,云南农村哈尼族老年人的COPD患病率为8.84%,低于全国(约为27%)[7]和云南省(22.6%)[8]老年人COPD患病平均水平。与我国其他地区比较,其COPD患病率也低于同期内蒙古(13.04%)[9]、贵州省(16.14%)[10]和山东省(22.94%)[11]等,提示云南农村哈尼族老年人的COPD患病率相对较低。然而,患有COPD会导致老年人的肺功能及全身多器官功能受损,给患者带来沉重的疾病负担,未来仍应继续加强其防控工作,以提升当地哈尼族老年人的健康水平,促进健康老龄化。
在调查地区,哈尼族老年男性的COPD患病率(12.04%)显著高于女性(5.90%)。这一差异可能是不同性别的生理差异、遗传易感性和行为生活方式等多种因素共同作用的结果[12]。研究还发现,性别可通过吸烟行为的差异对COPD患病产生间接影响,这可能与男性的吸烟率、吸烟频率、吸烟数量和吸烟强度等均高于女性有关[13]。与既往研究报道一致[11,14],云南农村哈尼族老年人的COPD的患病率随年龄的增加显著上升。这可能因为随着年龄的增长,人体肺部组织弹性逐渐减弱,气道黏液分泌增多,纤毛摆动功能下降等因素,从而导致高龄人群患COPD的风险增加[1]。另一方面,年龄除了直接影响外,还通过低体质指数对COPD患病产生间接影响,其原因可能是调查地区哈尼族老年人的低体质指数比率随年龄增长而升高(60~64:9.78%,65~69:15.48%,70~74:18.49%,≥75:26.69%),而体质指数较低者的身体机能和免疫力相对较弱,从而增加了呼吸道炎症和感染风险[15]。因此,尽管性别和年龄属于不可干预和改变的因素,但可以通过积极开展男性的戒烟干预工作,以及改善高龄人群的低体质指数等方面来降低COPD的发生风险。
广义结构方程模型分析结果显示,COPD家族史、低体质指数、吸烟均是哈尼族老年人COPD患病的影响因素,这与既往研究结果一致[11,14,16]。其中,COPD家族史与COPD的关联强度最大,提示有COPD家族史的哈尼族老年人是COPD防控的重点人群,应加强对这部分人群的COPD早期筛查、干预及健康指导等工作。此外,哈尼族老年人中,低体重指数人群的COPD患病率较高,而体质指数较低又可对COPD患者的健康结局产生严重的负面影响[12],对此建议,应在充分尊重哈尼族饮食文化的前提下,提供营养健康指导,提升哈尼族老年人的体质健康水平,以此减少COPD的发生。吸烟也对COPD患病起到重要的直接作用,而目前调查地区哈尼族老年人的吸烟率为32.10%,远高于全国水平(28.69% )[17]。大量研究表明,烟草中含有多种有毒化学物质,可损害肺部结构和功能,促进COPD的发生、发展[18]。因此,戒烟干预仍然是减少COPD发生并阻碍其发展的经济且有效的手段。
另外,既往研究发现,受教育程度较高人群的COPD患病风险较低[9,16]。然而,本研究中,受教育程度对COPD的发生没有显著影响,这可能与调查地区哈尼族老年人的受教育水平普遍较低有关,而导致其对COPD患病的保护作用并不明显。居住环境和生物燃料暴露情况与COPD的患病风险也无显著关联,考虑为脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴战略政策的全面实施,农村危房大量改造,提升了当地居民住房的居住条件,以及积极推进农村“以电代柴”、“以气代柴”炉灶改造,改善了村民的生活环境[19]。未来还应持续巩固和拓展这些成果,以降低COPD的发生率。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(72064026)
  • 云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2023CX11)
  • 云南省创新团队(202005AE160002)
  • 云南省2023年大学生创新训练计划省级重点领域支持项目(202310678005)
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2024年第51卷第6期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309463
  • 接收时间:2023-09-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-25
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(72064026)
云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2023CX11)
云南省创新团队(202005AE160002)
云南省2023年大学生创新训练计划省级重点领域支持项目(202310678005)
作者信息
    1.国家卫健委毒品依赖和戒治重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500
    2.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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