Article(id=1240375107487593359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308353, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692633600000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658070680, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658070680, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658070680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658070680, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375105386238038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658070179, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658539618, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377074414833974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377074414833975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1141, endPage=1146, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375107701502869, articleId=1240375107487593359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Developments and reliability and validity tests of a sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire for community elderly, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To develop a sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire for elderly in community and to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.

Methods

Based on cognitive behavior theory, the initial questionnaire was formed through literature review and expert consultation. We used convenience sampling method selected a total of 240 elderly people from 8 communities, including Fuhua Street community, Nanyang Road community, Mianfang Road community and Zijingshan Road community as survey objects from October to December 2022. Then, we modified the questionnaire and tested for reliability and validity.

Results

The sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire of community elderly included 3 dimensions and 23 items. The questionnaire’s total Cronbach’s coefficient was 0.903, and the split-half reliability was 0.872, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.901 two weeks later. I-CVI of questionnaire was 0.857-1.000 and S-CVI/Ave was 0.988. Six common factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 69.745%.

Conclusion

The sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire of community elderly is scientific and practical, and can be used as a tool for clinical workers to evaluate the sarcopenia cognitive status of community elderly and their prevention and management behavior.

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目的

研制社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷并检验其信效度。

方法

基于认知行为理论,通过文献分析及专家咨询形成初始问卷。采用便利抽样法,于2022年10—12月选取郑州市福华街社区、南阳路社区、棉纺路社区、紫荆山路社区等8个社区的240名社区老年人作为调查对象,对问卷进行修订并检验其信效度。

结果

社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷包括3个维度,共23个条目;问卷总Cronbach α系数0.903,折半信度0.872,重测信度0.901;条目水平的内容效度指数为0.857~1.000,平均问卷水平的内容效度指数为0.988;探索性因子分析提取出6个公因子,累计方差贡献率为69.745%。

结论

社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷具有较好的科学性和实用性,可作为临床工作者评估社区老年人对肌少症认知及预防管理行为的工具。

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张艳,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kL+imxxeWkdiMbLbG/m9cQ==, magXml=5HiglEC7TsNq/9HV/aw62A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=oUeNHoggnxlaP6t5xVZErg==, pdfFileSize=716952, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=VI8OG8S2MvJNdU9H0iao1g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘莉(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:护理管理与信息技术

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Content validity index in scale development[J]. Journal of Central South University(Medical Science), 2012, 37(2): 152-155., articleTitle=Content validity index in scale development, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240746306780590880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375107487593359, awardId=SKL-2023-569, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年度河南省社会科学界联合会调研课题(SKL-2023-569), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240746302242353534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375107487593359, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240746302246547838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375107487593359, companyId=1240746302242353534, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240746302254936446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375107487593359, companyId=1240746302242353534, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=郑州大学护理与健康学院,河南 郑州 450001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240746306034004700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375107487593359, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information (n=240)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分组人数构成比(%)
性别9840.8
14259.2
年龄(岁)60~694016.7
70~7910543.8
80~898535.4
≥90104.2
婚姻状况未婚00.0
已婚13355.4
离异/丧偶10744.6
文化程度小学及以下11748.8
初中6627.5
高中/中专4418.3
大专及以上135.4
退休前职业性质无业52.1
脑力劳动4518.8
体力劳动18878.3
脑力及体力劳动20.8
家庭月收入(元)<1 0009037.5
1 000~3 000208.3
>3 00013054.2
经济来源工资31.3
退休金15162.9
子女8133.8
配偶10.4
其他41.7
居住方式独居5020.8
与子女同住7029.2
与配偶同住8334.6
与子女及配偶同住3715.4
日常生活依赖情况完全依赖52.1
部分依赖3112.9
完全自理20485.0
有无其他慢性病16769.6
7330.4
患慢性病数量(种)1~211748.8
3~44719.6
≥531.3
慢性病持续时间(年)<131.3
1~262.5
3~4208.3
5~102711.3
>1011146.3
是否了解或学习过肌少症相关知识不了解14560.4
了解较少8133.8
了解较多125.0
很了解20.8
), ArticleFig(id=1240746306134668007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375107487593359, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

一般资料(n=240)

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项目分组人数构成比(%)
性别9840.8
14259.2
年龄(岁)60~694016.7
70~7910543.8
80~898535.4
≥90104.2
婚姻状况未婚00.0
已婚13355.4
离异/丧偶10744.6
文化程度小学及以下11748.8
初中6627.5
高中/中专4418.3
大专及以上135.4
退休前职业性质无业52.1
脑力劳动4518.8
体力劳动18878.3
脑力及体力劳动20.8
家庭月收入(元)<1 0009037.5
1 000~3 000208.3
>3 00013054.2
经济来源工资31.3
退休金15162.9
子女8133.8
配偶10.4
其他41.7
居住方式独居5020.8
与子女同住7029.2
与配偶同住8334.6
与子女及配偶同住3715.4
日常生活依赖情况完全依赖52.1
部分依赖3112.9
完全自理20485.0
有无其他慢性病16769.6
7330.4
患慢性病数量(种)1~211748.8
3~44719.6
≥531.3
慢性病持续时间(年)<131.3
1~262.5
3~4208.3
5~102711.3
>1011146.3
是否了解或学习过肌少症相关知识不了解14560.4
了解较少8133.8
了解较多125.0
很了解20.8
), ArticleFig(id=1240746306247914226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375107487593359, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of the third exploratory factor analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
123456
11.肌少症会增加患其他慢性病风险或加重原有慢性病0.8220.0040.1290.0740.0860.146
10.肌少症会增加认知功能降低风险0.7910.1330.1250.1250.1010.169
15.患有慢性疾病(慢阻肺、糖尿病、心血管疾病、肾病、骨质疏松等)时应警惕肌少症发生0.7780.0740.1360.0890.0980.157
6.肌少症会增加衰弱风险0.7660.2040.4170.0330.0920.210
9.肌少症会增加失能风险0.7530.2360.4400.0500.1080.237
8.肌少症会增加骨折风险0.7280.2050.4930.0040.1240.187
7.肌少症会增加跌倒风险0.6940.1670.500-0.0330.1340.174
19.心情抑郁应警惕肌少症发生0.6870.063-0.2570.0280.126-0.069
16.长期服用多种药物(如激素、降糖药等)应警惕肌少症发生0.6230.2790.1990.0620.0720.230
20.患有肌少症需要定期检查肌肉量、握力、步行速度、日常活动能力等0.5450.243-0.1270.0500.0100.086
28.如果患有肌少症,我愿意积极管理肌少症0.1710.8000.1760.1350.0940.171
27.我愿意学习肌少症有关知识0.2180.7650.0310.1090.1750.202
25.没有必要预防及管理肌少症0.1910.7010.0190.1400.0820.060
26.我相信能够有效预防及管理肌少症0.0990.5990.2660.3360.024-0.227
4.对于老年人来说,肌少症不是一种疾病0.1500.2380.7120.0220.0320.030
21.药物可以预防及管理肌少症0.149-0.0810.5190.2170.1240.291
34.我能减少静坐不动的时间0.0350.1000.1510.841-0.0200.012
36.我能坚持有氧运动(散步、游泳、打羽毛球、练习气功及八段锦等)0.0580.1340.0490.8300.0010.026
31.我能保证营养成分摄入充分(如蛋白质及维生素D等)0.1120.301-0.0780.514-0.0070.100
23.运动是预防及管理肌少症发生的主要方法之一0.1640.1220.126-0.0380.9190.080
22.营养是预防及管理肌少症发生的主要方法之一0.1930.1660.0350.0100.9110.115
2.肌少症可以包括肌肉力量下降0.3200.1740.1140.0440.1390.816
3.肌少症可以包括身体功能的下降0.3660.1320.1990.0720.0850.795
), ArticleFig(id=1240746306348577532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375107487593359, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

第3次探索性因子分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
123456
11.肌少症会增加患其他慢性病风险或加重原有慢性病0.8220.0040.1290.0740.0860.146
10.肌少症会增加认知功能降低风险0.7910.1330.1250.1250.1010.169
15.患有慢性疾病(慢阻肺、糖尿病、心血管疾病、肾病、骨质疏松等)时应警惕肌少症发生0.7780.0740.1360.0890.0980.157
6.肌少症会增加衰弱风险0.7660.2040.4170.0330.0920.210
9.肌少症会增加失能风险0.7530.2360.4400.0500.1080.237
8.肌少症会增加骨折风险0.7280.2050.4930.0040.1240.187
7.肌少症会增加跌倒风险0.6940.1670.500-0.0330.1340.174
19.心情抑郁应警惕肌少症发生0.6870.063-0.2570.0280.126-0.069
16.长期服用多种药物(如激素、降糖药等)应警惕肌少症发生0.6230.2790.1990.0620.0720.230
20.患有肌少症需要定期检查肌肉量、握力、步行速度、日常活动能力等0.5450.243-0.1270.0500.0100.086
28.如果患有肌少症,我愿意积极管理肌少症0.1710.8000.1760.1350.0940.171
27.我愿意学习肌少症有关知识0.2180.7650.0310.1090.1750.202
25.没有必要预防及管理肌少症0.1910.7010.0190.1400.0820.060
26.我相信能够有效预防及管理肌少症0.0990.5990.2660.3360.024-0.227
4.对于老年人来说,肌少症不是一种疾病0.1500.2380.7120.0220.0320.030
21.药物可以预防及管理肌少症0.149-0.0810.5190.2170.1240.291
34.我能减少静坐不动的时间0.0350.1000.1510.841-0.0200.012
36.我能坚持有氧运动(散步、游泳、打羽毛球、练习气功及八段锦等)0.0580.1340.0490.8300.0010.026
31.我能保证营养成分摄入充分(如蛋白质及维生素D等)0.1120.301-0.0780.514-0.0070.100
23.运动是预防及管理肌少症发生的主要方法之一0.1640.1220.126-0.0380.9190.080
22.营养是预防及管理肌少症发生的主要方法之一0.1930.1660.0350.0100.9110.115
2.肌少症可以包括肌肉力量下降0.3200.1740.1140.0440.1390.816
3.肌少症可以包括身体功能的下降0.3660.1320.1990.0720.0850.795
), ArticleFig(id=1240746306445046533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375107487593359, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of the reliability evaluation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度条目数Cronbach α系数折半信度重测信度
肌少症认知160.9230.9090.823
肌少症情感感知40.7850.7900.892
肌少症预防管理行为30.6700.7210.872
总体230.9030.8720.901
), ArticleFig(id=1240746306570875666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375107487593359, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

信度评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度条目数Cronbach α系数折半信度重测信度
肌少症认知160.9230.9090.823
肌少症情感感知40.7850.7900.892
肌少症预防管理行为30.6700.7210.872
总体230.9030.8720.901
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社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷的研制及信效度检验
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刘莉 , 张艳 , 田雨同 , 吴兰心 , 孟李雪 , 赵婷
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(6): 1141-1146
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(6): 1141-1146
社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷的研制及信效度检验
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刘莉, 张艳 , 田雨同, 吴兰心, 孟李雪, 赵婷
作者信息
  • 郑州大学护理与健康学院,河南 郑州 450001
  • 刘莉(1996—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:护理管理与信息技术

通讯作者:

张艳,E-mail:
Developments and reliability and validity tests of a sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire for community elderly
Li LIU, Yan ZHANG , Yu-tong TIAN, Lan-xin WU, Li-xue MENG, Ting ZHAO
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308353
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目的

研制社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷并检验其信效度。

方法

基于认知行为理论,通过文献分析及专家咨询形成初始问卷。采用便利抽样法,于2022年10—12月选取郑州市福华街社区、南阳路社区、棉纺路社区、紫荆山路社区等8个社区的240名社区老年人作为调查对象,对问卷进行修订并检验其信效度。

结果

社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷包括3个维度,共23个条目;问卷总Cronbach α系数0.903,折半信度0.872,重测信度0.901;条目水平的内容效度指数为0.857~1.000,平均问卷水平的内容效度指数为0.988;探索性因子分析提取出6个公因子,累计方差贡献率为69.745%。

结论

社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷具有较好的科学性和实用性,可作为临床工作者评估社区老年人对肌少症认知及预防管理行为的工具。

肌少症  /  老年人  /  认知行为  /  社区  /  信度  /  效度
Objective

To develop a sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire for elderly in community and to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.

Methods

Based on cognitive behavior theory, the initial questionnaire was formed through literature review and expert consultation. We used convenience sampling method selected a total of 240 elderly people from 8 communities, including Fuhua Street community, Nanyang Road community, Mianfang Road community and Zijingshan Road community as survey objects from October to December 2022. Then, we modified the questionnaire and tested for reliability and validity.

Results

The sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire of community elderly included 3 dimensions and 23 items. The questionnaire’s total Cronbach’s coefficient was 0.903, and the split-half reliability was 0.872, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.901 two weeks later. I-CVI of questionnaire was 0.857-1.000 and S-CVI/Ave was 0.988. Six common factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 69.745%.

Conclusion

The sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire of community elderly is scientific and practical, and can be used as a tool for clinical workers to evaluate the sarcopenia cognitive status of community elderly and their prevention and management behavior.

Sarcopenia  /  Elderly  /  Cognitive behavior  /  Community  /  Reliability  /  Validity
刘莉, 张艳, 田雨同, 吴兰心, 孟李雪, 赵婷. 社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷的研制及信效度检验. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (6) : 1141 -1146 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308353
Li LIU, Yan ZHANG, Yu-tong TIAN, Lan-xin WU, Li-xue MENG, Ting ZHAO. Developments and reliability and validity tests of a sarcopenia cognitive behavior questionnaire for community elderly[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (6) : 1141 -1146 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308353
肌肉减少症(Sarcopenia, SA)简称肌少症,是一种退行性综合征,表现为骨骼肌量减少及肌肉力量和/或身体功能下降[1]。已有研究指出,全球肌少症的患病率为10%~27%[2],我国老年人肌少症患病率高达26.6%[3]。随着老龄化加剧,社区老年肌少症患者也剧增。一项Meta分析显示,我国社区老年人肌少症患病率为11.2%~12.9%[4],该疾病的发生与年龄[5]、性别[6]、日常生活习惯[7-8]等多种因素有关。多项研究指出,老年肌少症患者身体功能障碍及死亡风险增加[9-10],故预防、早期识别及管理肌少症对老年人来说至关重要。然而肌少症发病隐匿,易错过最佳治疗时间。因此,老年人自身意识对肌少症的预防、早期识别及管理尤为重要。此外,肌少症的预防及管理以运动、营养等非药物干预为主[11-13],需要老年人的充分参与,为提升肌少症预防及管理的积极性和依从性,应首先了解其对肌少症的认知及预防管理行为。然而目前尚缺乏精准评估肌少症认知行为的测评工具,Van等[14]虽研制了肌少症认知问卷,但无法测评肌少症预防及管理行为,且由于该问卷存在开放性问题及多选题,无法进行信效度检验。基于上述问题,本研究研制了社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷,以期作为老年人肌少症认知及预防管理水平的测评工具,为制定有针对性的干预方案提供参考。
以Edward教授发展的认知行为理论为问卷构建框架,包括认知、情感感知及行为三个方面[15]。该理论强调认知对于情感和行为的重要性,研究者可以通过改变对事物的主观解释或看法,从而改变由这些错误认知导致的不良行为。认知行为理论的最终目的是改变人的错误认知、不良情感感知和行为。根据该理论,确定社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷的三个维度即:肌少症认知、肌少症情感感知、肌少症预防管理行为。
经小组成员阅读并分析国内外文献[16-19]形成包含80个条目的条目池,对条目池的条目进行分析整理,拟定问卷的3个维度:肌少症认知(31个条目)、肌少症情感感知(3个条目)及肌少症预防管理行为(10个条目);其中肌少症认知维度包括:对肌少症概念的认知(4个条目)、对肌少症危险因素的认知(11个条目)、对肌少症主要预防及管理方法的认知(5个条目)、对肌少症预防及管理效果、意愿的认知(4个条目)及对无法有效管理肌少症危害的认知(7个条目)5个主题,形成包含44个条目的社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷。问卷中肌少症认知维度:不赞同及不清楚=0分,赞同=1分;肌少症情感感知维度采用Liket 4级评分,对完全不符合、不太符合、比较符合及十分符合从1~4分赋分;肌少症预防管理行为维度采用Liket 4级评分,对几乎从不、偶尔、经常及总是从1~4分赋分。
本研究共进行2轮专家咨询,咨询16名专家,分别来自华东(4名)、西南(3名)、华中(6名)、西北(2名)、华北(1名);男2名,女14名;年龄32~58(46.06±8.09)岁;工作时间7~35(22±9.99)年;老年护理专家9名、社区护理专家1名、康复护理专家2名、临床营养专家3名、临床护理专家1名;正高级职称11名,副高级5名;硕士13名,博士3名。结合条目重要性赋值均数>3.5,满分比>20%,变异系数<0.25 [20]以及专家建议修订问卷,形成社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷施测稿。
研究者于2022年10—12月便利选取郑州市福华街社区、南阳路社区、棉纺路社区、紫荆山路社区等8个社区的老年人进行现场问卷调查。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥60岁;(2)在社区居住>6个月;(3)阅读、理解和表达正常者;(4)自愿参加本研究。排除标准:重大疾病、处于终末期或其他原因无法配合者。根据量表设计原则,样本量应为量表条目的5~10倍,考虑10%的丢失率,确定至少需209例样本。本研究共发放问卷256份,整个过程遵循自愿、保密、不伤害原则。本研究已得到郑州大学伦理委员会批准(批准号:ZZUIRB2023-070)。
(1)一般资料调查表:包括性别、年龄、文化程度等。(2)社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷施测版。
应用SPSS 25.0软件分析数据,使用临界比值法和Pearson相关系数法进行项目分析。若条目临界比率值<3.00或P>0.05予以删除;相关系数r>0.4且P<0.05则保留该条目。采用探索性因子分析、平均问卷水平的内容效度指数(Scale-level Content Validity Index/Average, S-CVI/Ave)和条目水平的内容效度指数(Item-level Content Validity Index, I-CVI)评价效度;采用Cronbach α系数、折半信度衡量内部一致性;调查结束间隔2周实施重测,以计算重测信度。检验水准α=0.05。
第1轮专家函询问卷回收率为88.89%(16/18);第2轮为100%(16/16)。
第1轮Delphi专家函询的判断依据(Ca)为0.944,熟悉程度(Cs)为0.889,权威程度(Cr)值为0.917;第2轮Ca值为0.950,Cs值为0.900,Cr值为0.925。
第1轮Delphi专家函询协调系数为0.343,χ2=235.876;第2轮协调系数为0.344,χ2=236.945,均P<0.001。
两轮专家函询后共删除12个条目,如“肌少症指的是骨骼上的肌肉疾病(就像骨质疏松指的是骨骼的疾病)”;增加5个条目,如“对于老年人来说,肌少症不是一种疾病”;修改17个内容宽泛或表述不当的条目,如将“患有肌少症需要定期检查”修改为“患有肌少症需要定期检查肌肉量、握力、步行速度、日常活动能力”;将条目“久坐或体力活较少应警惕肌少症发生”拆分为2个条目,考虑到了久坐和体力活动减少代表着两种不同的行为。另外,根据专家意见删除肌少症认知维度中主题“对肌少症预防及管理效果、意愿的认知”,将该主题中未删除条目归类至肌少症情感感知维度。修订后的社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷包含肌少症认知(24个条目)、肌少症情感感知(4个条目)、肌少症预防管理行为(10个条目)3个维度,38条目,其中肌少症认知维度包括对肌少症概念的认知(4个条目)、对肌少症危害的认知(8个条目)、对肌少症危险因素的认知(7个条目)、对肌少症主要预防及管理方法的认知(5个条目)4个主题。
本研究最终获得有效问卷240份,有效回收率93.75%。其中男性98人(40.8%),女性142人(59.2%)。40人(16.7%)为60~69岁,105人(43.8%)为70~79岁,85人(35.4%)为80~89岁,10人(4.2%)≥90岁。婚姻状况:133人(55.4%)已婚,107人(44.6%)离异/丧偶。文化程度:117人(48.8%)小学及以下学历,66人(27.5%)初中学历,44人(18.3%)高中/中专学历,13人(5.4%)大专及以上学历。其他一般资料如表1所示。
低分组进行两独立样本t检验显示,条目29、35、38 t值分别为0.071(P=0.943)、2.092(P=0.040)、2.915(P=0.004),均<3,其他各条目比较时3.022≤t值≤31.967(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,条目1、5、12、14、29~30、32~33、35、37~38与总分的相关系数<0.4,其余各条目的相关系数为0.409~0.803,故删除条目1、5、12、14、29~30、32~33、35、37~38,剩余27个条目。
探索性因子分析前,检验问卷KMO值为0.893,Bartlett球形检验结果显示χ2=4 400.958且P<0.001。采用主成分分析法及最大方差正交旋转的方式得出成分矩阵,共进行了3轮因子分析。首次因子分析提取出6个公因子,累计方差贡献率66.174%。将载荷值低于0.5[21]的条目13、17、24删除,剩余24个条目进行第2轮因子分析,将载荷值低于0.5的条目18删除,剩余23个条目进行最后一次因子分析。6个因子的累计方差贡献率69.745,载荷值为0.514~0.919,其KMO值为0.876,Bartlett球形检验χ2=3 776.231(P<0.01)。经过探索性因子分析,社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷3个维度保持不变,但对肌少症认知维度中的4个主题进行了调整,条目“药物可以预防及管理肌少症”和“对于老年人来说,肌少症不是一种疾病”归类于同一个主题,命名为“对肌少症外延概念的认知”;将对危险因素和危害的认知合并为一个主题,命名为“对肌少症与其他症状、疾病关系的认知”;为了与“对肌少症外延概念的认知”区别开,将“对肌少症概念的认知”改为“对肌少症内涵的认知”。条目“患有肌少症需要定期检查肌肉量、握力、步行速度、日常活动能力等”归类于“对肌少症与其他症状、疾病关系的认知”,可能由于检查步行速度、握力也与衰弱等其他疾病的及时发现有关,各因子所含条目及载荷值,见表2
本研究问卷的I-CVI为0.857~1.000;S-CVI/Ave为0.988,表明社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷的内容效度较好。
本研究对问卷总体及其各维度进行了信度评价,见表3
本研究编制的社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷以全面的文献分析为基础,内容聚焦于需要社区老年人了解的肌少症知识及适合老年人采取的肌少症预防管理行为,可以满足对老年人肌少症认知行为的测量。同时该问卷对老年人的肌少症情感感知进行了测评,有助于相关研究者根据结果判断肌少症认知至行为之间的沟壑,从而采取针对性的干预措施。另外,为避免老年人根据习惯倾向作答,本问卷设置了反向题目;问卷长度较为适中,并在难以理解的词语后进行补充解释,使用时所需时长5~10分钟,具有较好的实用性。
本研究基于认知行为理论,结合文献回顾及社区老年人的特点确定问卷所包含的维度及条目池,并通过Deiphi专家咨询对条目删减、修订及增加,严格遵循问卷编制流程。16名函询专家来自5个不同的地域,研究方向涉及老年护理、营养、康复等,平均工作年限为22年,科研能力较强;同时,两轮专家咨询的积极度、权威程度及意见协调程度较好,说明该问卷具有较好的科学性。
本研究进行相关性分析后剩余27个条目,各条目在提取的公因子上的负荷值为0.409~0.803,说明问卷所测评的肌少症认知行为水平能够反映出老年人对肌少症认知及预防管理行为的实际情况。进一步进行3轮探索性因子分析,共删除4个条目,问卷维度未发生变化,但是对条目所归属的主题重新进行划分。最终问卷的累计方差贡献率69.745,载荷值为0.514~0.919,KMO值为0.876,Bartlett球形检验χ2=3 776.231(P<0.01)。有研究指出,如果公因子能够解释50%的变异量,则说明提取的因子可接受[22],因此该问卷的结构效度较好。史静琤等[23]认为,内容效度咨询专家人数为6人及以上时,I-CVI应在0.78以上,S-CVI/Ave应在0.90以上。本研究中社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷条目水平的内容效度指数为0.857~1.000,平均问卷水平的内容效度指数为0.988,表明该问卷的内容效度较好。
多数研究认为,若问卷的总Cronbach α系数>0.800,各维度Cronbach α系数>0.700,折半信度及重测信度系数>0.700,则说明问卷的信度较好。本研究社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷Cronbach α系数为0.903,折半信度为0.872,说明问卷的内在一致性较好;重测信度为0.901,说明该问卷跨时间稳定性较好,因此,该问卷具有较好的信度。
综上,本研究编制的社区老年人肌少症认知行为问卷共3个维度,包括23个条目,且信效度良好,可作为临床工作者评估社区老年人肌少症认知行为时方便、可靠的工具。本研究尚存在不足之处,首先在选择样本时采取了便利抽样法,且只选择郑州市老年人进行调查,可能存在选择偏移,样本代表性受到一定限制,未来需要在其他不同地区的社区进行应用,更准确的评估社区老年人对肌少症的认知及预防管理行为水平;其次,由于该问卷的评估对象是社区老年人,因此本研究在研制过程中并未重点考虑农村老年人,今后可结合农村地区的文化背景及老年人的文化程度对该问卷进行语言调试、条目修订等,以探讨农村老年人对肌少症的认知行为现状。
  • 2023年度河南省社会科学界联合会调研课题(SKL-2023-569)
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2024年第51卷第6期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308353
  • 接收时间:2023-08-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-22
基金
2023年度河南省社会科学界联合会调研课题(SKL-2023-569)
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    郑州大学护理与健康学院,河南 郑州 450001

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张艳,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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