Article(id=1228016573823250808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730390400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770711566643, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770711566643, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770711566643, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711566643, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228016566646801206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770711564932, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711815039, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3373, endPage=3379, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228016574154600849, articleId=1228016573823250808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the equity of health supervisors’ allocation in health supervision agencies, Yunnan, 2019-2023, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the equity of health supervisor allocation in health supervision agencies in Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2023, and to provide a basis for further optimizing the reform of health supervision in Yunnan Province.

Methods

Using the National Health Supervision Information Reporting System and Yunnan Statistical Yearbook data, the configuration of health supervisors in agencies in Yunnan Province was described, and the equity was analyzed by using the agglomeration degree and the Theil Index.

Results

The number of health supervisors in Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2023 was 1 795, 1 762, 1 824, 1 796 and 1763, respectively;The numbers of health supervisors per 10 000 population was 0.37, 0.36, 0.39, 0.38, and 0.38, respectively.The health supervisor’s agglomeration degree in the four regions of Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2023 was different, with that in Central and Northeast regions were always greater than 1, and Northwest region was always the lowest and less than 1 (0.61-0.67). The difference between the health supervisor agglomeration degree and population agglomeration degreeranged from -0.68 to 0.74, with the difference fluctuating around 0 for Northwest and Central regions, also the difference for Northeast Yunnan was always less than 0. There was no significant change in the Theil Index of health supervisors in Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2023, and the Theil Index by geographical distribution (0.073-0.078) was always higher than that calculated by population distribution (0.030-0.032), and the contribution rate between regions was greater than that with regions.

Conclusion

The provision of health supervisors in Yunnan Province has improved, but it is still lower than the national standard.The geographic equity of the allocation is not as fair as the demographic equity. The distribution of resources for health supervisors should be conducted with comprehensive consideration of the population density and the radius of the medical services.

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目的

探讨2019—2023年云南省卫生监督机构卫生健康监督员配置的公平性,为进一步优化云南省卫生监督事业改革提供依据。

方法

利用国家卫生健康监督信息报告系统及云南统计年鉴数据,描述云南省卫生监督机构卫生健康监督员配置情况,并采用集聚度和泰尔指数分析其公平性。

结果

2019—2023年云南省卫生健康监督员数分别为1 795、1 762、1 824、1 796和1 763名,每万人口卫生健康监督员数分别为0.37、0.36、0.39、0.38和0.38名。2019—2023年云南省四个区域的卫生健康监督员集聚度不同,滇中和滇东北始终大于1,滇西北始终最低且小于1(0.61~0.67);卫生健康监督员集聚度与人口集聚度的差值在-0.68~0.74之间,其中滇西北和滇中的差值在0附近波动,滇东北的差值始终小于0。2019—2023年云南省卫生健康监督员泰尔指数没有明显变化,按土地面积分布计算的泰尔指数(0.073~0.078)始终高于按常住人口分布计算的泰尔指数(0.030~0.032),区域间泰尔指数始终高于区域内泰尔指数。

结论

云南省卫生健康监督员配备情况有所改善,但仍低于国家标准,且配置的地理公平性不如人口公平性,应综合考虑人口密度和医疗服务半径进行卫生健康监督员资源分配。

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王丽荣,E-mail:
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王馨雨(1999—),女,博士在读,研究方向:健康与卫生经济学评价

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王馨雨(1999—),女,博士在读,研究方向:健康与卫生经济学评价

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Study on the fairness and efficiency of health resource allocation in township health centers in Shandong Province[D]. Jinan: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2023.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the fairness and efficiency of health resource allocation in township health centers in Shandong Province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228016587068862649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=24, issue=8, pageStart=806, pageEnd=813, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=张衍萍, 洪阳, 何蕾, journalName=中国预防医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张衍萍,洪阳,何蕾,等.贵州省妇幼保健机构卫生资源配置公平性及预测[J].中国预防医学杂志2023, 24(8): 806-813., articleTitle=贵州省妇幼保健机构卫生资源配置公平性及预测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228016587215663292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=24, issue=8, pageStart=806, pageEnd=813, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Zhang YP, Hong Y, He L, journalName=China Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang YP, Hong Y, He L, et al. Equity and prediction of health resource allocation in maternal and child health care facilities in Guizhou Province[J]. China Preventive Medicine, 2023, 24(8): 806-813.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Equity and prediction of health resource allocation in maternal and child health care facilities in Guizhou Province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228016587291160766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=张金帅, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张金帅.河南省基层卫生监督机构规范化建设效果分析[D].郑州:郑州大学,2020., articleTitle=河南省基层卫生监督机构规范化建设效果分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228016587358269630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Zhang JS, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang JS. Analysis on the effects of standardized construction of health inspection and supervision institutions at grass-roots level in Henan Province[D]. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2020.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on the effects of standardized construction of health inspection and supervision institutions at grass-roots level in Henan Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228016578013360829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228016578021749438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, companyId=1228016578013360829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228016578025943743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, companyId=1228016578013360829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西 西安 710061)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228016578151772873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228016578160161485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, companyId=1228016578151772873, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.云南省卫生健康综合监督中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228016583797305403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Theil index with regions of health supervisor allocation in Yunnan Province, 2019-2023, figureFileSmall=j1AuN4WU+1i6l2Nh47CbHw==, figureFileBig=8pSd7YjKtdlkGOqgtXjjHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016583893774403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2019—2023年云南省各区域内卫生健康监督员配置泰尔指数, figureFileSmall=j1AuN4WU+1i6l2Nh47CbHw==, figureFileBig=8pSd7YjKtdlkGOqgtXjjHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016584086712397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Allocation of health supervisors in Yunnan Province, 2019—2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫生健康监督员数每万人口卫生健康监督员数
2019202020212022202320192020202120222023
合计1 7951 7621 8241 7961 7630.370.360.390.380.38
滇南5235415545485430.390.400.430.430.42
普洱1451571561541470.550.590.650.650.62
德宏81868988810.620.650.680.670.61
西双版纳48605854520.400.500.440.410.40
文山1111051101081180.300.290.310.310.34
红河1381331411441450.290.280.310.320.33
滇西北4043653903923770.370.330.380.390.37
怒江40323541380.720.570.630.740.70
迪庆28273028260.680.680.770.720.66
大理1351291341271240.380.360.400.380.38
保山94889696870.360.330.390.400.36
丽江46374042420.350.280.320.330.34
临沧61525558600.240.200.240.260.27
滇中4864794964774650.410.400.380.360.35
楚雄1081051151141090.390.380.480.480.46
玉溪115114114102990.480.480.510.460.43
昆明2632602672612570.380.370.320.310.30
滇东北3233253243183100.270.270.300.300.29
昭通1711751681651550.310.310.330.330.31
曲靖1521501561531550.250.240.270.270.27
每平方千米卫生健康监督员数
20192020202120222023
合计0.0050.0050.0050.0050.005
滇南0.0040.0040.0040.0040.004
普洱0.0030.0040.0040.0030.003
德宏0.0070.0080.0080.0080.007
西双版纳0.0030.0030.0030.0030.003
文山0.0040.0030.0040.0030.004
红河0.0040.0040.0040.0040.005
滇西北0.0030.0030.0030.0030.003
怒江0.0030.0020.0020.0030.003
迪庆0.0010.0010.0010.0010.001
大理0.0050.0050.0050.0040.004
保山0.0050.0050.0050.0050.005
丽江0.0020.0020.0020.0020.002
临沧0.0030.0020.0020.0020.003
滇中0.0080.0070.0080.0070.007
楚雄0.0040.0040.0040.0040.004
玉溪0.0080.0080.0080.0070.007
昆明0.0130.0120.0130.0120.012
滇东北0.0060.0060.0060.0060.006
昭通0.0080.0080.0070.0070.007
曲靖0.0050.0050.0050.0050.005
), ArticleFig(id=1228016584199958611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2019—2023年云南省卫生健康监督员配置情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫生健康监督员数每万人口卫生健康监督员数
2019202020212022202320192020202120222023
合计1 7951 7621 8241 7961 7630.370.360.390.380.38
滇南5235415545485430.390.400.430.430.42
普洱1451571561541470.550.590.650.650.62
德宏81868988810.620.650.680.670.61
西双版纳48605854520.400.500.440.410.40
文山1111051101081180.300.290.310.310.34
红河1381331411441450.290.280.310.320.33
滇西北4043653903923770.370.330.380.390.37
怒江40323541380.720.570.630.740.70
迪庆28273028260.680.680.770.720.66
大理1351291341271240.380.360.400.380.38
保山94889696870.360.330.390.400.36
丽江46374042420.350.280.320.330.34
临沧61525558600.240.200.240.260.27
滇中4864794964774650.410.400.380.360.35
楚雄1081051151141090.390.380.480.480.46
玉溪115114114102990.480.480.510.460.43
昆明2632602672612570.380.370.320.310.30
滇东北3233253243183100.270.270.300.300.29
昭通1711751681651550.310.310.330.330.31
曲靖1521501561531550.250.240.270.270.27
每平方千米卫生健康监督员数
20192020202120222023
合计0.0050.0050.0050.0050.005
滇南0.0040.0040.0040.0040.004
普洱0.0030.0040.0040.0030.003
德宏0.0070.0080.0080.0080.007
西双版纳0.0030.0030.0030.0030.003
文山0.0040.0030.0040.0030.004
红河0.0040.0040.0040.0040.005
滇西北0.0030.0030.0030.0030.003
怒江0.0030.0020.0020.0030.003
迪庆0.0010.0010.0010.0010.001
大理0.0050.0050.0050.0040.004
保山0.0050.0050.0050.0050.005
丽江0.0020.0020.0020.0020.002
临沧0.0030.0020.0020.0020.003
滇中0.0080.0070.0080.0070.007
楚雄0.0040.0040.0040.0040.004
玉溪0.0080.0080.0080.0070.007
昆明0.0130.0120.0130.0120.012
滇东北0.0060.0060.0060.0060.006
昭通0.0080.0080.0070.0070.007
曲靖0.0050.0050.0050.0050.005
), ArticleFig(id=1228016584300621913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Agglomeration degree of health supervisors in Yunnan Province, 2019-2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
HARDPAD
2019202020212022202320192020202120222023
滇西北0.670.610.630.650.630.620.620.620.640.64
临沧0.550.480.490.520.550.850.850.780.770.77
丽江0.480.390.410.440.440.500.500.500.500.49
保山1.051.001.061.070.991.091.091.031.041.03
大理1.020.990.990.960.951.011.010.960.960.95
迪庆0.260.250.270.260.240.140.140.140.140.14
怒江0.590.480.500.600.570.300.300.310.310.31
滇南0.810.850.840.850.850.710.740.740.760.76
红河0.920.900.920.950.981.171.171.131.131.12
文山0.750.730.740.730.820.920.920.910.900.90
西双版纳0.540.680.640.600.590.490.490.550.560.56
普洱0.700.770.740.740.720.470.470.440.440.44
德宏1.551.671.671.681.580.930.930.960.960.97
滇中1.611.621.621.581.571.361.601.611.671.68
昆明2.672.692.672.652.662.592.613.273.313.34
楚雄0.810.800.850.860.830.770.760.690.690.68
玉溪1.641.661.601.461.441.271.261.221.221.24
滇东北1.341.381.321.321.311.671.661.641.701.70
曲靖1.121.131.131.131.161.691.681.621.611.62
昭通1.631.701.571.571.501.981.981.841.831.80
差值
20192020202120222023
滇西北0.05-0.010.010.00-0.01
临沧-0.30-0.37-0.29-0.25-0.22
丽江-0.02-0.11-0.09-0.06-0.05
保山-0.04-0.080.020.04-0.03
大理0.01-0.020.040.000.00
迪庆0.120.120.140.120.11
怒江0.280.180.200.290.26
滇南0.090.110.110.080.09
红河-0.25-0.27-0.21-0.17-0.14
文山-0.17-0.20-0.17-0.16-0.08
西双版纳0.040.190.080.040.03
普洱0.230.300.300.300.28
德宏0.610.740.720.720.61
滇中0.250.020.01-0.09-0.11
昆明0.090.08-0.60-0.66-0.68
楚雄0.040.040.160.170.15
玉溪0.380.400.380.230.20
滇东北-0.33-0.28-0.32-0.38-0.39
曲靖-0.57-0.56-0.48-0.48-0.46
昭通-0.35-0.29-0.27-0.26-0.30
), ArticleFig(id=1228016584451616861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2019—2023年云南省卫生健康监督员集聚度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
HARDPAD
2019202020212022202320192020202120222023
滇西北0.670.610.630.650.630.620.620.620.640.64
临沧0.550.480.490.520.550.850.850.780.770.77
丽江0.480.390.410.440.440.500.500.500.500.49
保山1.051.001.061.070.991.091.091.031.041.03
大理1.020.990.990.960.951.011.010.960.960.95
迪庆0.260.250.270.260.240.140.140.140.140.14
怒江0.590.480.500.600.570.300.300.310.310.31
滇南0.810.850.840.850.850.710.740.740.760.76
红河0.920.900.920.950.981.171.171.131.131.12
文山0.750.730.740.730.820.920.920.910.900.90
西双版纳0.540.680.640.600.590.490.490.550.560.56
普洱0.700.770.740.740.720.470.470.440.440.44
德宏1.551.671.671.681.580.930.930.960.960.97
滇中1.611.621.621.581.571.361.601.611.671.68
昆明2.672.692.672.652.662.592.613.273.313.34
楚雄0.810.800.850.860.830.770.760.690.690.68
玉溪1.641.661.601.461.441.271.261.221.221.24
滇东北1.341.381.321.321.311.671.661.641.701.70
曲靖1.121.131.131.131.161.691.681.621.611.62
昭通1.631.701.571.571.501.981.981.841.831.80
差值
20192020202120222023
滇西北0.05-0.010.010.00-0.01
临沧-0.30-0.37-0.29-0.25-0.22
丽江-0.02-0.11-0.09-0.06-0.05
保山-0.04-0.080.020.04-0.03
大理0.01-0.020.040.000.00
迪庆0.120.120.140.120.11
怒江0.280.180.200.290.26
滇南0.090.110.110.080.09
红河-0.25-0.27-0.21-0.17-0.14
文山-0.17-0.20-0.17-0.16-0.08
西双版纳0.040.190.080.040.03
普洱0.230.300.300.300.28
德宏0.610.740.720.720.61
滇中0.250.020.01-0.09-0.11
昆明0.090.08-0.60-0.66-0.68
楚雄0.040.040.160.170.15
玉溪0.380.400.380.230.20
滇东北-0.33-0.28-0.32-0.38-0.39
曲靖-0.57-0.56-0.48-0.48-0.46
昭通-0.35-0.29-0.27-0.26-0.30
), ArticleFig(id=1228016584573251684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Theil index and contribution rate of health supervisor allocation in Yunnan Province, 2019-2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份泰尔指数区域间泰尔指数区域内泰尔指数贡献率(%)
区域间区域内
按常住人口分布
2019年0.0300.0190.01163.9436.06
2020年0.0320.0180.01456.0843.92
2021年0.0320.0180.01456.0243.98
2022年0.0320.0190.01358.3741.63
2023年0.0310.0210.01066.9133.09
按土地面积分布
2019年0.0740.0410.03355.1144.89
2020年0.0780.0430.03555.3244.68
2021年0.0750.0420.03356.2343.77
2022年0.0730.0400.03255.5244.48
2023年0.0740.0430.03157.7642.24
), ArticleFig(id=1228016584682303591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573823250808, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2019—2023年云南省卫生健康监督员配置泰尔指数及贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份泰尔指数区域间泰尔指数区域内泰尔指数贡献率(%)
区域间区域内
按常住人口分布
2019年0.0300.0190.01163.9436.06
2020年0.0320.0180.01456.0843.92
2021年0.0320.0180.01456.0243.98
2022年0.0320.0190.01358.3741.63
2023年0.0310.0210.01066.9133.09
按土地面积分布
2019年0.0740.0410.03355.1144.89
2020年0.0780.0430.03555.3244.68
2021年0.0750.0420.03356.2343.77
2022年0.0730.0400.03255.5244.48
2023年0.0740.0430.03157.7642.24
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2019—2023年云南省卫生监督机构卫生健康监督员配置公平性分析
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王馨雨 1 , 王丽荣 1 , 李燕琴 1 , 庄贵华 1 , 杨波 2 , 马亚玲 2 , 张诗楠 2 , 易纯明 2 , 张皓丹 1 , 赵可 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(18): 3373-3379
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(18): 3373-3379
2019—2023年云南省卫生监督机构卫生健康监督员配置公平性分析
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王馨雨1, 王丽荣1 , 李燕琴1, 庄贵华1, 杨波2, 马亚玲2, 张诗楠2, 易纯明2, 张皓丹1, 赵可1
作者信息
  • 1.西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西 西安 710061
  • 2.云南省卫生健康综合监督中心
  • 王馨雨(1999—),女,博士在读,研究方向:健康与卫生经济学评价

通讯作者:

王丽荣,E-mail:
Analysis of the equity of health supervisors’ allocation in health supervision agencies, Yunnan, 2019-2023
Xin-yu WANG1, Li-rong WANG1 , Yan-qin LI1, Gui-hua ZHUANG1, Bo YANG2, Ya-ling MA2, Shi-nan ZHANG2, Chun-ming YI2, Hao-dan ZHANG1, Ke ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411019
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目的

探讨2019—2023年云南省卫生监督机构卫生健康监督员配置的公平性,为进一步优化云南省卫生监督事业改革提供依据。

方法

利用国家卫生健康监督信息报告系统及云南统计年鉴数据,描述云南省卫生监督机构卫生健康监督员配置情况,并采用集聚度和泰尔指数分析其公平性。

结果

2019—2023年云南省卫生健康监督员数分别为1 795、1 762、1 824、1 796和1 763名,每万人口卫生健康监督员数分别为0.37、0.36、0.39、0.38和0.38名。2019—2023年云南省四个区域的卫生健康监督员集聚度不同,滇中和滇东北始终大于1,滇西北始终最低且小于1(0.61~0.67);卫生健康监督员集聚度与人口集聚度的差值在-0.68~0.74之间,其中滇西北和滇中的差值在0附近波动,滇东北的差值始终小于0。2019—2023年云南省卫生健康监督员泰尔指数没有明显变化,按土地面积分布计算的泰尔指数(0.073~0.078)始终高于按常住人口分布计算的泰尔指数(0.030~0.032),区域间泰尔指数始终高于区域内泰尔指数。

结论

云南省卫生健康监督员配备情况有所改善,但仍低于国家标准,且配置的地理公平性不如人口公平性,应综合考虑人口密度和医疗服务半径进行卫生健康监督员资源分配。

卫生健康监督员  /  卫生监督机构  /  公平性  /  集聚度  /  泰尔指数  /  云南省
Objective

To explore the equity of health supervisor allocation in health supervision agencies in Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2023, and to provide a basis for further optimizing the reform of health supervision in Yunnan Province.

Methods

Using the National Health Supervision Information Reporting System and Yunnan Statistical Yearbook data, the configuration of health supervisors in agencies in Yunnan Province was described, and the equity was analyzed by using the agglomeration degree and the Theil Index.

Results

The number of health supervisors in Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2023 was 1 795, 1 762, 1 824, 1 796 and 1763, respectively;The numbers of health supervisors per 10 000 population was 0.37, 0.36, 0.39, 0.38, and 0.38, respectively.The health supervisor’s agglomeration degree in the four regions of Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2023 was different, with that in Central and Northeast regions were always greater than 1, and Northwest region was always the lowest and less than 1 (0.61-0.67). The difference between the health supervisor agglomeration degree and population agglomeration degreeranged from -0.68 to 0.74, with the difference fluctuating around 0 for Northwest and Central regions, also the difference for Northeast Yunnan was always less than 0. There was no significant change in the Theil Index of health supervisors in Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2023, and the Theil Index by geographical distribution (0.073-0.078) was always higher than that calculated by population distribution (0.030-0.032), and the contribution rate between regions was greater than that with regions.

Conclusion

The provision of health supervisors in Yunnan Province has improved, but it is still lower than the national standard.The geographic equity of the allocation is not as fair as the demographic equity. The distribution of resources for health supervisors should be conducted with comprehensive consideration of the population density and the radius of the medical services.

Health and hygiene supervisors  /  Health supervision agencies  /  Equity  /  Agglomeration degree  /  Tyrell’s index  /  Yunnan Province
王馨雨, 王丽荣, 李燕琴, 庄贵华, 杨波, 马亚玲, 张诗楠, 易纯明, 张皓丹, 赵可. 2019—2023年云南省卫生监督机构卫生健康监督员配置公平性分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (18) : 3373 -3379 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411019
Xin-yu WANG, Li-rong WANG, Yan-qin LI, Gui-hua ZHUANG, Bo YANG, Ya-ling MA, Shi-nan ZHANG, Chun-ming YI, Hao-dan ZHANG, Ke ZHAO. Analysis of the equity of health supervisors’ allocation in health supervision agencies, Yunnan, 2019-2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (18) : 3373 -3379 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411019
卫生监督是卫生事业的重要组成部分,在改善公共卫生状况、维护医疗卫生和职业卫生秩序、保障人民群众健康权益、促进经济社会协调发展中发挥着重要作用[1]。卫生健康监督员是影响卫生监督工作有效开展的核心要素,因此卫生监督机构卫生健康监督员资源配置的合理性及公平性对于推动卫生监督事业的均衡协调发展,提高卫生执法队伍的执法效能至关重要[2]。目前,我国各地卫生监督体系建设发展不平衡,且国内关于卫生监督人力资源配置的公平性研究较少。为进一步了解云南省卫生健康监督队伍配置现状,本研究从常住人口和土地面积两个维度,使用集聚度和泰尔指数分析2019—2023年云南省卫生监督机构卫生健康监督员资源配置公平性,探讨不同地区差距所在,为云南省在国家疾病预防体系改革背景下深化卫生监督事业改革提供依据。
2019—2023年云南省卫生监督机构卫生健康监督员相关数据来自国家卫生健康监督信息报告系统。各地区常住人口数和辖区面积资料来自2019—2023年《云南统计年鉴》。根据地域相邻原则和自然地理空间分布将云南省16个州(市)划分为4个区域,分别为:滇西北区域,包括大理、丽江、保山、迪庆、临沧和怒江6个州(市);滇南区域,包括红河、德宏、文山、西双版纳和普洱5个州(市);滇中区域,包括昆明、玉溪和楚雄3个州(市);滇东北区域,包括曲靖和昭通2个州(市)[3]
使用Excel (16.0.1)整理云南省卫生监督机构卫生健康监督员、云南省各地区常住人口数和辖区面积数据,计算每万人口卫生健康监督员数、集聚度和泰尔指数。
每万人品卫生健康监督员=卫生健康监督员数量/常住人口数
每万人口卫生健康监督员数用来描述2019—2023年云南省卫生监督机构健康监督员配置情况。
(1)人口集聚度(Population Agglomeration Degree, PAD):
式中,PADi为地区i的人口集聚度,Pi和Ai分别为地区i的人口数和土地面积,Pn和An分别为云南省总人口数和土地总面积。
(2)卫生健康监督员集聚度(Health Resource Agglomeration Degree, HRAD):
式中,HRADi为地区i的卫生健康监督员集聚度,HRi和Ai分别为地区i的卫生健康监督员数量和土地面积,HRn和An分别是云南省卫生健康监督员总数和土地总面积。
HRAD用于评价卫生资源配置公平性[4],当HRAD大于1,表明该地区卫生监督机构健康监督员资源按地理配置公平性较高。
(3)HRAD与PAD的差值:可同时考虑常住人口和土地面积对卫生资源配置公平性的影响[5]。当HRADi与PADi的差值接近0时,表明该地区卫生监督机构健康监督员资源基本满足人口需求;当差值大于0时,表明该地区卫生监督机构健康监督员资源过剩;反之则为不足[6]
(1)泰尔指数(Theil index):
式中,T为泰尔指数,Ni为州(市)i的常住人口数或土地面积,N为云南省总人口数或土地总面积,Ri为州(市)i的卫生健康监督员数,R为云南省的卫生健康监督员总数。
泰尔指数取值范围为0~1,数值越小表明差异越小,说明卫生健康监督员配置的公平性越好[7]。根据使用的数据不同,泰尔指数可从常住人口分布和土地面积分布两个角度评价卫生健康监督员配置的公平程度。
(2)区域间泰尔指数和区域内泰尔指数:
式中,T区域间为区域间泰尔指数,T区域内为区域内泰尔指数,Nm为区域m的人口数或土地面积,Rm为区域m的卫生健康监督员数,Tm为区域m的泰尔指数。
(3)区域间泰尔指数和区域内泰尔指数对总泰尔指数的贡献率:
2019年至2023年云南省各级卫生健康监督机构通过国家卫生健康监督信息报告系统上报的卫生健康监督员人数分别为1 795、1 762、1 824、1 796和1 763名,每万人口卫生健康监督员数分别为0.37、0.36、0.39、0.38和0.38名(表1)。近五年云南省卫生监督员数量总体略有下降,其中滇中和滇东北下降趋势相对明显;每万人口卫生健康监督员数总体略有上升,其中滇南和滇东北上升趋势相对明显(表1)。不同州(市)卫生健康监督员配置情况不同,滇西北地区的迪庆和怒江卫生健康监督员数量最少,但每万人口卫生健康监督员配备水平高;滇中地区的昆明市卫生健康监督员数量最多(257~267),但每万人口卫生健康监督员配备水平低(0.30~0.38)(表1)。
2019—2023年云南省四个区域HARD值不同,其中滇中和滇东北的HRAD值始终大于1,滇西北的HRAD值始终最低(0.61~0.67),不同州(市)卫生健康监督员集聚度差距较大,昆明、玉溪和昭通等州(市)的HRAD值始终大于1,而丽江、临沧和怒江等州(市)的HRAD值始终小于1(表2)。2019—2023年云南省卫生健康监督员集聚度与人口集聚度的差值在-0.68~0.74之间,其中滇西北和滇中的差值在0附近波动,滇东北的差值始终小于0;近五年所有州(市)中,昆明市的差值变化最大,趋近于0后持续下降至负值(表2)。
2019—2023年云南省卫生健康监督员泰尔指数没有明显变化,按土地面积分布计算的泰尔指数(0.073~0.078)始终高于按常住人口分布计算的泰尔指数(0.030~0.032),按常住人口和土地面积分布的区域间泰尔指数均始终高于区域内泰尔指数(表3)。按常住人口分布计算,滇南区域内泰尔指数最高(0.005~0.008),区域内贡献率也始终最高;滇东北区域内泰尔指数始终最低(0.000~0.001);按土地面积分布计算,滇西北区域内泰尔指数最高(0.016~0.019),区域内贡献率也始终最高;滇东北区域内泰尔指数最低(0.000~0.001),区域内贡献率也始终最低(图1)。
2019—2023年云南省卫生健康监督员数量变化相对稳定,整体略有下降,滇中和滇东北下降趋势相对明显;不同州(市)卫生健康监督员配备人数具有较大差异:如迪庆和怒江卫生健康监督员数量最少,而昆明市卫生健康监督员数量最多。
2019—2023年云南省每万人口卫生健康监督员数总体略有上升,在0.36~0.39名/万人口波动,但人均配备数量仍然不足,不仅低于2021年全国平均每万人口配备0.56名卫生健康监督员的水平[8],也距国家卫健委提出的每万常住人口配备1~1.5名卫生监督员的目标有很大差距[9]。若按照国家最低标准每万人配备1名卫生监督员计算,云南省所有州(市)均未达到此配备标准。卫生监督机构应提升薪资待遇,吸引并留住更多高质量人才,以保证卫生监督队伍的稳定性。
2019—2023年云南省按照人口配置的卫生健康监督员资源公平性在0.74~-0.68,与国内最新相关研究结果类似,接近绝对公平状态[10]。滇西北和滇中地区的差值在0附近波动,滇东北地区的差值始终小于0,表明滇西北和滇中地区总体卫生健康监督员资源配置基本满足人口需求,而滇东北地区总体配置不足。近五年云南省部分州(市)的HARD值始终大于1,部分却始终小于1,表明按土地面积配置的卫生健康监督员资源公平性各州(市)差异较大,地理公平性处于相对公平状态。
云南省按土地面积分布计算的泰尔指数(0.073~0.078)始终高于按常住人口分布计算的泰尔指数(0.030~0.032),提示卫生健康监督员的人口配置公平性优于地理配置公平性,与上文集聚度评价结果一致。
云南省卫生健康监督员地理公平性较差可能是由于云南省大部分城市土地面积大,山区多,且位于我国西南部国境处,人口较少。一些客观因素虽短期无法改变,但云南省政府进行资源配置时可加重对土地面积、地势地形等因素的考虑[11],促进基本公共卫生服务更加均等可及。
根据泰尔指数评价体系,通过计算区域间差异和区域内差异对总差异的贡献率可以评价云南省卫生健康监督员资源配置不公平的来源[12],贡献率越大表明其为不公平性的主要来源。2019—2023年云南省卫生健康监督员无论是按常住人口还是土地面积配置,区域间泰尔指数始终高于区域内泰尔指数,区域间差异贡献率始终高于区域内差异贡献率,表明区域间差异是导致不公平问题出现的主要因素,目前卫生人力资源配置规划主要以每万人口资源占有量为参考指标,对地域可及性的考虑较少[13],影响云南省卫生健康监督员人口公平性和地理公平性。为了评价云南省四个区域卫生健康监督员资源配置不公平的根源,本研究对区域内泰尔指数进行细分,结果发现无论是按常住人口还是土地面积配置,对区域内差异贡献率最低的均是滇东北地区,说明该区域公平性最高,卫生健康监督员资源配置工作开展较好;按常住人口和土地面积配置公平性最低的分别是滇南地区与滇西北地区,表明以上区域应综合考虑人口密度和医疗服务半径进行卫生健康监督员资源分配。对此,不仅需要政府优化资源投入模式,卫生监督机构也应该为机构的生存发展积极主动争取,通过社会宣传、科教结合等方法提高政府和社会对卫生监督发展的重视[14]
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2025年第52卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411019
  • 接收时间:2024-11-01
  • 首发时间:2026-02-10
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-01
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    1.西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西 西安 710061
    2.云南省卫生健康综合监督中心

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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