Article(id=1228016573395435574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504293, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744646400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770711566542, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770711566542, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770711566542, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711566542, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228016566646801206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770711564932, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711815039, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3386, endPage=3390, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228016573726785610, articleId=1228016573395435574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of cancer screening and physical examination utilization, Beijing, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To estimate the utilization of cancer screening and physical examinations in Beijing and analyses its main influencing factors, and to provide evidence for improving cancer prevention and control strategy.

Methods

From November to December 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted among residents aged 35 to 74 from 10 districts in Beijing using probability proportionate to size (PPS) sampling and random sampling. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was employed to explore the potential factors influencing residents’ cancer screening behavior.

Results

A total of 4 452 residents were included in the analysis, with 39.4% having undergone cancer screenings or physical examinations within the past 5 years. Female residents (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.16-1.52), those with basic medical insurance (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.41-1.89), residents with a family history of cancer (OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.78-2.50), and those willing to uptake cancer screening and physical examinations (OR =1.71, 95% CI: 1.46-2.01) were more likely to have cancer screening(P<0.05).

Conclusion

The utilization rate of cancer screening and physical examinations among residents in Beijing remains low. To address this issue, measures such as innovating “individual-family” and “extended-family” cancer screening models, promoting the translation of cancer prevention knowledge into actionable behaviors, supporting the adoption of appropriate screening technologies, and establishing and intelligent management system should be implemented. These measures will comprehensively improve the coverage of cancer screening and physical examination services among residents, thereby achieving cancer early diagnosis and treatment, and contributing to the Healthy China initiative.

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目的

调查北京市现阶段癌症筛查体检服务利用情况,并分析其主要影响因素,为更好地开展癌症防控工作提供科学依据。

方法

2024年11月至12月,采用分层多阶段不等概率抽样调查法与随机抽样相结合的方式抽取北京市10个区的35~74岁常驻居民进行问卷调查。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析影响居民癌症筛查体检服务利用行为的主要因素。

结果

共有4 452名居民纳入分析,39.4%的居民近5年内做过癌症相关的筛查或体检。女性(OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.16 ~1.52)、有城镇职工医疗保险(OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.41~1.89)、有癌症家族史(OR= 2.11, 95% CI: 1.78~2.50)、有癌症筛查体检意愿(OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.46 ~2.01)的居民癌症筛查和体检行为更高。

结论

北京市居民癌症筛查和体检服务利用率较低,通过创新“家庭”和“家族”癌症筛查模式、推动防癌科普从知识到行为的转化、支持推广适宜的筛查技术、构建智能化管理体系等措施,全面提升居民癌症筛查和体检服务的覆盖率,实现癌症早诊早治,助力健康中国建设。

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王宁,E-mail:
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张希(1990—),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:卫生事业管理

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Value in Health, 2020, 23(9): 1246-1255., articleTitle=Demand for cancer screening services: results from randomized controlled discrete choice experiments, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228016574645338251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573395435574, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228016574653726860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573395435574, companyId=1228016574645338251, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228016574662115469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573395435574, companyId=1228016574645338251, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所北京市肿瘤防治研究办公室,恶性肿瘤发病机制及转化研究教育部重点实验室,北京 100142)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228016577396801930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573395435574, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Demographic characteristics of participants and univariate logistic analysis of cancer screening services utilization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查人数近五年接受癌症筛查χ2P
人数构成比
(%)
人数构成比
(%)
性别23.185<0.001
1 57335.354434.6
2 87964.71 20842.0
年龄(岁)17.7180.001
35~<451 13325.448743.0
45~<551 00522.642041.8
55~<651 28028.848037.5
≥651 03423.236535.3
婚姻状态0.6030.437
有配偶3 99889.8158139.5
离婚/丧偶/未婚45410.217137.7
文化程度42.786<0.001
小学及以下2896.510235.3
初中/高中/中专2 49456.089035.7
大专/本科及以上1 66937.576045.5
职业33.450<0.001
农民/农民工1 11024.939935.9
工人45110.117538.8
公务员/事业单位员工64514.531048.1
公司员工65214.625539.1
个体户/自由职业者2555.78432.9
无业人员2545.79236.2
离退休人员88419.934839.4
其它2014.58944.3
医疗保险类型66.930<0.001
城乡居民基本医疗保险2 25850.776633.9
城镇职工医疗保险2 10947.496245.6
其它851.92428.2
家庭年人均收入(万元)0.8780.831
<31 21627.347639.1
3~<61 18126.547840.5
6~<1077517.430138.8
≥101 28028.849738.8
癌症家族史104.040<0.001
3 76684.61 36236.2
68615.439056.9
筛查体检意愿69.072<0.001
99322.327828.0
3 45977.71 47442.6
), ArticleFig(id=1228016577493270932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573395435574, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象的一般人口学特征及癌症筛查行为的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查人数近五年接受癌症筛查χ2P
人数构成比
(%)
人数构成比
(%)
性别23.185<0.001
1 57335.354434.6
2 87964.71 20842.0
年龄(岁)17.7180.001
35~<451 13325.448743.0
45~<551 00522.642041.8
55~<651 28028.848037.5
≥651 03423.236535.3
婚姻状态0.6030.437
有配偶3 99889.8158139.5
离婚/丧偶/未婚45410.217137.7
文化程度42.786<0.001
小学及以下2896.510235.3
初中/高中/中专2 49456.089035.7
大专/本科及以上1 66937.576045.5
职业33.450<0.001
农民/农民工1 11024.939935.9
工人45110.117538.8
公务员/事业单位员工64514.531048.1
公司员工65214.625539.1
个体户/自由职业者2555.78432.9
无业人员2545.79236.2
离退休人员88419.934839.4
其它2014.58944.3
医疗保险类型66.930<0.001
城乡居民基本医疗保险2 25850.776633.9
城镇职工医疗保险2 10947.496245.6
其它851.92428.2
家庭年人均收入(万元)0.8780.831
<31 21627.347639.1
3~<61 18126.547840.5
6~<1077517.430138.8
≥101 28028.849738.8
癌症家族史104.040<0.001
3 76684.61 36236.2
68615.439056.9
筛查体检意愿69.072<0.001
99322.327828.0
3 45977.71 47442.6
), ArticleFig(id=1228016577619100062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573395435574, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Utilization of cancer screening services among residents in Beijing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌种筛查体检例数目标人群年龄(岁)目标人群总数占比
(%)
肺癌58650~742 90520.2
结直肠癌12240~743 8713.2
上消化道癌24840~743 8716.4
肝癌74640~743 87119.3
乳腺癌53335~742 87918.5
宫颈癌61635~692 21527.8
合计1 75235~744 45239.4
), ArticleFig(id=1228016577820426662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573395435574, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

北京市居民癌症筛查体检服务利用情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌种筛查体检例数目标人群年龄(岁)目标人群总数占比
(%)
肺癌58650~742 90520.2
结直肠癌12240~743 8713.2
上消化道癌24840~743 8716.4
肝癌74640~743 87119.3
乳腺癌53335~742 87918.5
宫颈癌61635~692 21527.8
合计1 75235~744 45239.4
), ArticleFig(id=1228016577950450099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573395435574, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis on the utilization of cancer screening services among Beijing residents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWald χ2POR值 (95% CI)
性别(参照:男)
0.2830.06817.316<0.0011.33(1.16~1.52)
文化程度(参照:小学及以下)
初中/高中/中专-0.0440.1360.1080.7430.96(0.73~1.25)
大专/本科及以上0.2110.1511.9530.1621.24(0.92~1.66)
医疗保险类型(参照:城乡居民基本医疗保险)
城镇职工医疗保险0.4890.07542.984<0.0011.63(1.41~1.89)
其它-0.1550.2510.3780.5390.86(0.52~1.40)
癌症家族史(参照:无)
0.7470.08675.164<0.0012.11(1.78~2.50)
筛查体检意愿(参照:无)
0.5380.08144.228<0.0011.71(1.46~2.01)
), ArticleFig(id=1228016578080473532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016573395435574, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

北京市居民癌症筛查体检行为的多因素logistic分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWald χ2POR值 (95% CI)
性别(参照:男)
0.2830.06817.316<0.0011.33(1.16~1.52)
文化程度(参照:小学及以下)
初中/高中/中专-0.0440.1360.1080.7430.96(0.73~1.25)
大专/本科及以上0.2110.1511.9530.1621.24(0.92~1.66)
医疗保险类型(参照:城乡居民基本医疗保险)
城镇职工医疗保险0.4890.07542.984<0.0011.63(1.41~1.89)
其它-0.1550.2510.3780.5390.86(0.52~1.40)
癌症家族史(参照:无)
0.7470.08675.164<0.0012.11(1.78~2.50)
筛查体检意愿(参照:无)
0.5380.08144.228<0.0011.71(1.46~2.01)
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北京市癌症筛查体检服务利用情况分析及管理建议
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张希 , 杨雷 , 王宁
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(18): 3386-3390
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(18): 3386-3390
北京市癌症筛查体检服务利用情况分析及管理建议
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张希, 杨雷, 王宁
作者信息
  • 北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所北京市肿瘤防治研究办公室,恶性肿瘤发病机制及转化研究教育部重点实验室,北京 100142
  • 张希(1990—),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:卫生事业管理

通讯作者:

王宁,E-mail:
Analysis of cancer screening and physical examination utilization, Beijing
Xi ZHANG, Lei YANG, Ning WANG
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504293
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目的

调查北京市现阶段癌症筛查体检服务利用情况,并分析其主要影响因素,为更好地开展癌症防控工作提供科学依据。

方法

2024年11月至12月,采用分层多阶段不等概率抽样调查法与随机抽样相结合的方式抽取北京市10个区的35~74岁常驻居民进行问卷调查。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析影响居民癌症筛查体检服务利用行为的主要因素。

结果

共有4 452名居民纳入分析,39.4%的居民近5年内做过癌症相关的筛查或体检。女性(OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.16 ~1.52)、有城镇职工医疗保险(OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.41~1.89)、有癌症家族史(OR= 2.11, 95% CI: 1.78~2.50)、有癌症筛查体检意愿(OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.46 ~2.01)的居民癌症筛查和体检行为更高。

结论

北京市居民癌症筛查和体检服务利用率较低,通过创新“家庭”和“家族”癌症筛查模式、推动防癌科普从知识到行为的转化、支持推广适宜的筛查技术、构建智能化管理体系等措施,全面提升居民癌症筛查和体检服务的覆盖率,实现癌症早诊早治,助力健康中国建设。

癌症筛查  /  体检  /  覆盖率  /  影响因素  /  对策
Objective

To estimate the utilization of cancer screening and physical examinations in Beijing and analyses its main influencing factors, and to provide evidence for improving cancer prevention and control strategy.

Methods

From November to December 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted among residents aged 35 to 74 from 10 districts in Beijing using probability proportionate to size (PPS) sampling and random sampling. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was employed to explore the potential factors influencing residents’ cancer screening behavior.

Results

A total of 4 452 residents were included in the analysis, with 39.4% having undergone cancer screenings or physical examinations within the past 5 years. Female residents (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.16-1.52), those with basic medical insurance (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.41-1.89), residents with a family history of cancer (OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.78-2.50), and those willing to uptake cancer screening and physical examinations (OR =1.71, 95% CI: 1.46-2.01) were more likely to have cancer screening(P<0.05).

Conclusion

The utilization rate of cancer screening and physical examinations among residents in Beijing remains low. To address this issue, measures such as innovating “individual-family” and “extended-family” cancer screening models, promoting the translation of cancer prevention knowledge into actionable behaviors, supporting the adoption of appropriate screening technologies, and establishing and intelligent management system should be implemented. These measures will comprehensively improve the coverage of cancer screening and physical examination services among residents, thereby achieving cancer early diagnosis and treatment, and contributing to the Healthy China initiative.

Cancer screening  /  Medical examination  /  Coverage  /  Influence factors  /  Countermeasures
张希, 杨雷, 王宁. 北京市癌症筛查体检服务利用情况分析及管理建议. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (18) : 3386 -3390 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504293
Xi ZHANG, Lei YANG, Ning WANG. Analysis of cancer screening and physical examination utilization, Beijing[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (18) : 3386 -3390 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504293
肿瘤登记数据显示,2020年北京市恶性肿瘤新发病例约为5.9万,死亡病例约为2.8万[1],癌症已成为严重危害北京市居民健康的重大公共卫生问题。癌症筛查和体检可以使多数癌症在癌前病变或癌症早期阶段及时发现并干预,有效阻断癌症的发生和发展,进而改善癌症的生存率和降低死亡率[2-4],减轻给个人、家庭和社会造成的负担。《健康中国行动——癌症防治行动实施方案(2023—2030年)》强调了加强癌症筛查力度和扩大覆盖范围的重要性[5]。本研究对北京市居民癌症筛查体检服务利用情况进行调查,并分析其主要影响因素,以期为进一步制定合理的癌症防控政策提供科学依据。
2024年11月至12月,对北京市35~74岁常驻居民进行癌症筛查体检服务利用情况问卷调查。研究对象纳入标准:①年龄35~74岁;②调查前12个月内在调查地区居住6个月及以上的中国籍居民;③自愿参加问卷调查。研究对象排除标准:①癌症患者;②居住在功能区中的居民,如工棚、军队、学生宿舍、养老院;③有严重精神疾病、认知障碍者。本研究获得中国医学科学院肿瘤医院伦理委员会批准(审批号:24/495-4775),所有调查对象在调查前均已签署知情同意书。
采用分层多阶段不等概率抽样(probabilities proportional to size, PPS)与随机抽样相结合的抽样方式。抽样共分五层:第一层,随机抽取10个区;第二层,每个区抽取4个街道(乡镇);第三层,每个街道(乡镇)抽取3个居(村)委会;第四层,每个居(村)委会抽取40个家庭户;第五层,每户抽取1名35~74岁的常驻人口作为调查对象。
本研究使用全国癌症筛查覆盖率调查的问卷,调查内容主要包括:①一般人口学资料,包括性别、年龄、居住地址、婚姻状态、受教育程度、职业、医疗保险类型、家庭年人均收入、癌症家族史(一、二级亲属患癌史)等。②癌症筛查体检行为,指近5年内接受肺癌、结直肠癌、食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌的筛查或体检情况,包括有组织的筛查项目、机会性筛查和防癌体检等。③癌症筛查意愿,即认为自己是否需要进行癌症的体检或筛查。
采用入户调查的方式,由经过统一培训的调查员一对一、面对面询问调查对象,并填写电子调查问卷。问卷填写完毕后,项目工作人员对问卷内容进行缺漏项检查和逻辑纠正,并剔除不合格的调查问卷。
数据采用电子调查问卷进行收集,逻辑校验后导入SPSS 22.0软件进行统计描述和统计分析。资料采用()、率和构成比进行统计描述。采用χ2检验比较不同特征居民的癌症筛查体检服务行为间的差异。采用非条件多因素logistic回归模型分析影响居民癌症筛查体检行为的潜在因素,使用比值比(odds ratio, OR)及95%置信区间(confidence interval, CI)表示。双侧检验,检验水准设置为α=0.05。
共发放问卷4 647份,回收有效问卷4 589份,问卷有效回收率为98.8%。剔除137例癌症患者,共4 452人纳入分析。研究对象平均年龄为(54.5±11.2)岁,男性1 573人(35.3%),女性2 879人(64.7%)。绝大多数居民有配偶(89.8%);最高学历为初中、高中及中专者占56.0%、大专、本科及以上者占37.5%;职业分布以农民/农民工、离退休人员、公司员工、公务员/事业单位员工居多,分别占24.9%、19.9%和14.6%、14.5%。有城乡居民基本医疗保险者和城镇职工医疗保险者各占约半数。15.4%的居民有癌症家族史。77.7%的居民认为自己需要进行癌症的体检或筛查,见表1
39.4%的居民在近5年内接受过癌症相关的筛查或体检。20.2%的50~74岁居民进行了肺癌的筛查或体检;40~74岁居民接受过上消化道癌和结直肠癌筛查的比例仅为6.4%和3.2%。19.3%的40~74岁居民进行了肝癌的筛查或体检。在女性群体中,18.5%的35~74岁居民进行了乳腺癌的筛查或体检;27.8%的35~64岁居民进行了宫颈癌的筛查或体检,见表2
以居民5年内是否接受过癌症筛查或体检作为因变量(无=0,有=1),以上述单因素分析中P<0.1的变量为自变量,进行多因素logistic回归模型分析。自变量赋值情况如下:性别(男=1,女=2);年龄(35~<45岁=1,45 ~<55岁=2,55 ~<65岁=3,≥65岁=4);文化程度(小学及以下=1,初中/高中/中专=2,大专/本科及以上=3);职业(农民/农民工=1,工人=2,公务员/事业单位员工=3,公司员工=4,个体户/自由职业者=5,无业人员=6,离退休人员=7,其它=8);医疗保险类型(城乡居民基本医疗保险=1,城镇职工医疗保险=2,其它=3);是否有癌症家族史(无=0,有=1);是否有筛查体检意愿(无=0,有=1)。结果显示:女性(OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.16~1.52)、有城镇职工医疗保险(OR= 1.63, 95% CI: 1.41~1.89)、有癌症家族史(OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.78~2.50)、有癌症筛查体检意愿(OR= 1.71, 95% CI: 1.46~2.01)的居民癌症筛查和体检利用率更高(P<0.05),见表3
本研究采用分层多阶段不等概率抽样与随机抽样相结合的复合抽样方式,覆盖北京市十个行政区,且研究样本量较大,抽样框架的广泛覆盖性和方法的科学性保证了研究结果的群体代表性。研究数据显示,北京市35~74岁居民近5年内癌症相关筛查或体检参与率为39.4%,与西宁市汉族居民(37.27%)[6]基本持平,高于四川省(14.77%)[7],远低于欧盟国家(72.4%)[8]。提示北京市作为优质医疗资源集聚的直辖市,其癌症筛查和体检服务覆盖率虽处于国内领先水平,但与国际发达地区仍存在显著差距。
值得注意的是,北京市居民癌症筛查和体检服务的意愿为77.7%,略高于四川省(67.64%)[7]和我国城市地区(65.8%)[9]。既往调查结果显示,北京市居民的防癌知识知晓率达到76.0%[10],与本研究中居民的筛查和体检意愿相近,但实际参与癌症筛查和体检的居民却远低于该数值,近半数居民未把知识和意愿转化为癌症筛查和体检的实际行动。这一现象符合健康行为理论中的“意愿—行为鸿沟(Intention-Behavior Gap)”模型[11],提示除认知提升外,需重点关注环境支持因素(如筛查服务可及性)、行动线索提示(如筛查提醒机制)以及成本感知(如时间经济负担)等行为转化关键节点。
影响北京市居民癌症筛查和体检服务利用率的影响因素分析结果显示,女性、高学历、有癌症家族史、有癌症筛查意愿的居民,接受癌症筛查体检服务利用率更高,与该部分群体具有较高的癌症相关知识素养有关[9]。因此,提升居民对癌症“三早”理念(即“早发现、早诊断、早治疗”)的认识,促进居民提升癌症防治相关知识素养水平具有重要公共卫生价值[12]。本研究中具有城镇职工医疗保险的居民参与癌症筛查体检的比例较高,主要原因是该部分群体的单位体检项目中可能涵盖部分癌症相关检查,如女性职工的宫颈细胞学检查等。其次,该部分群体的医疗保险报销比例相较于城乡居民基本医疗保险更高,也是导致其接受更多癌症筛查体检服务的原因之一。
本研究结果显示,北京市居民癌症筛查和体检行为存在显著的癌种特异性差异,具体表现为参与上消化道癌(6.4%)和结直肠癌(3.2%)内镜检查率显著低于肺癌(20.2%)、肝癌(19.3%)、乳腺癌(18.5%)和宫颈癌(27.8%)等非侵入性检查项目。既往研究表明,消化道癌筛查和体检服务利用率低与内镜检查固有的侵入性操作、肠道准备和检查过程的复杂性、以及潜在的不适感等因素有关[13-14]
突破传统以个体为单位筛查和体检模式的局限性,构建“家庭”和“家族”两个维度的新型癌症筛查和体检体系。一方面创新“家庭癌症筛查”项目,通过发挥女性在家庭生活和健康管理中的纽带作用,带动男性及其他家庭成员共同参与,有效提升整体参与度并推动癌症筛查覆盖实现性别间平衡。另一方面,创新医疗机构(包括社区医院、肿瘤专科医院和综合医院的肿瘤科)“肿瘤家族癌症健康管理”专项服务,聚焦癌症患者家属这一高危群体,坚持专业化防癌科普教育与精准化的机会性筛查相结合,建立“宣教—筛查—干预—管理”全流程服务体系,从而提升高风险人群的筛查覆盖率和依从性。
从内容层面,要增强防癌科普的内容供给,既要普及癌症的防治知识,又要系统地介绍筛查流程、检查项目、费用标准、及后续的诊疗等实用信息,通过消除信息壁垒,让居民清楚掌握“何时查、去哪查、怎么查、查出问题怎么办”等关键信息,显著提升筛查的便利性与可及性。在机制层面,要建立“个人—医疗机构—社会”多方联动的癌症筛查长效机制:居民要强化“自己是健康第一责任人”的意识;医疗机构要重视和优化防癌科普服务的供给;政策层面要将防癌宣教纳入居民健康素养提升工程,通过持续性的科普教育覆盖适龄人群,全面提升防癌知识知晓率,最终实现从“知”到“行”的有效转化。
为提升癌症筛查的覆盖率、减少居民对检查的焦虑和恐惧,应扶持和推广适宜的筛查技术。如针对消化道肿瘤的无痛内镜检查,医疗机构应建立完善的无痛内镜操作规范和质量控制体系,确保检查安全性和准确性。同时,需加强对内镜检查的宣传教育和正确引导,通过多种渠道宣传无痛内镜的优势和必要性,消除居民对于侵入性检查的害怕和顾虑。此外,建议将无痛内镜纳入医保报销范围,降低经济负担。通过上述措施的开展,帮助居民实现从“惧怕筛查”到“了解筛查”、再到“主动筛查”的认知转变,切实提升居民参与癌症筛查的覆盖率,提升癌症的早期诊断率。
现阶段癌症筛查、防癌体检相关的信息平台众多,如北京市肿瘤早诊早治平台、“两癌”筛查平台、各级医疗机构和体检中心的信息平台等,存在数据孤岛问题。亟需建议统一的癌症筛查和体检智能化管理体系。具体应从三方面推进:一是搭建统一的区域癌症筛查信息平台,通过整合不同医疗机构和体检机构的居民健康档案、筛查记录、及癌症相关诊疗数据,实现跨机构数据互联互通;二是开发集风险评估、智能预约、结果查询、异常提醒和随访管理等功能于一体的移动端服务平台,为居民提供便捷的癌症筛查服务体验;三是运用人工智能技术对癌症筛查大数据进行深度挖掘,构建多维度癌症风险预测模型,实现高危人群精准识别、筛查方案个性化推荐和筛查结果智能追踪的闭环管理,全面提升癌症筛查的效率和精准度。
综上,北京市居民癌症筛查工作仍有较大提升空间。通过创新“家庭”和“家族”癌症筛查模式,提升居民参与度;推动防癌科普从知识到行为的转化,消除筛查障碍;支持推广适宜的筛查技术,提高依从性;构建智能化管理体系,实现数据互联和精准筛查。通过多措并举,全面提升居民癌症筛查和体检服务的覆盖率,实现癌症早诊早治,助力健康中国建设。
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2025年第52卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504293
  • 接收时间:2025-04-15
  • 首发时间:2026-02-10
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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    北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所北京市肿瘤防治研究办公室,恶性肿瘤发病机制及转化研究教育部重点实验室,北京 100142

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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