Article(id=1228016571558326496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504566, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745942400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770711566104, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770711566104, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770711566104, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711566104, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228016566646801206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770711564932, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711815039, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3290, endPage=3296, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228016571864510705, articleId=1228016571558326496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study of the burden of gout disease in adults attributable to high BMI in China, Japan, and Korea, 1990-2021, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically assess the trend of high BMI-related gout disease burden in China, Japan and Korea and globally from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for gout prevention and control.

Methods

Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), the disease burden characteristics of high BMI-induced gout were resolved by gender and age group,and trends in the rate of standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were analyzed by using the Joinpoint regression model,and trends in the burden of disease were predicted for the period of 2022-2035 by the ARIMA model.

Results

From 1990 to 2021,the rates of standardized DALYs among adults in China,Japan,Korea,and the world showed a simultaneous upward trend,with an increase of 114.82% in China,which was significantly higher than that of Japan(38.41%),Korea(62.40%), and the global average(62.01%). Gender analysis showed that the rate of standardized DALYs was higher in males than in females in all regions. The age distribution showed a single-peak pattern of increasing and then decreasing, with peak ages of 55-59 years for males and 65-69 years for females in China and globally, whereas peak ages were reached most recently in Japan for males(70-74 years) and females(75-79 years), and peak ages for males in South Korea(60-64 years) were in the middle of the range between China and Japan, and peak ages for females were in line with the global trend(65-69 years).The results of the Joinpoint regression showed that the peak ages of 1990-2021 DALYs rates of gouty diseases attributable to high BMI in China,Japan,and Korea and globally were on the rise in 2021 (AAPC was 2.50%,1.04%,1.58%,and 1.58%,respectively,all P<0.05).

Conclusion

The burden of gout associated with high BMI continues to increase in China,Japan,Korea,and globally,and it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive management of BMI in the population and to implement focused interventions for high-risk age and gender groups.

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目的

系统评估1990—2021年中日韩三国及全球范围内高BMI相关痛风疾病负担的变化趋势,为痛风防控提供科学依据。

方法

基于全球疾病负担研究(GBD)数据,分性别和年龄组解析高BMI致痛风的疾病负担特征,运用Joinpoint回归模型分析标化伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)率变化趋势,并通过ARIMA模型预测2022—2035年的疾病负担趋势。

结果

1990—2021年,中日韩及全球成人的标化DALYs率均呈同步上升趋势,其中中国增幅达114.82%,显著高于日本(38.41%)、韩国(62.40%)及全球平均水平(62.01%)。性别分析显示,各地区的男性标化DALYs率均高于女性。年龄分布呈现先升后降的单峰模式,中国与全球男性峰值年龄均为55~59岁,女性均为65~69岁,而日本男性(70~74岁)和女性(75~79岁)达峰最晚,韩国男性(60~64岁)峰值年龄介于中日之间,女性峰值年龄与全球趋势一致(65~69岁)。Joinpoint回归结果显示,1990—2021年中日韩三国与全球归因于高BMI的痛风疾病的DALYs率均呈上升趋势(AAPC分别为2.50%、1.04%、1.58%和1.58%,均P<0.05)。

结论

高BMI相关痛风疾病负担在中日韩及全球持续加重,需强化人群BMI综合管理策略,针对高危年龄及性别群体实施重点干预。

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张东献,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=VBjzk+IXQbk8+AxnukxLOA==, magXml=p9Uj0E+EaOSrzoI1fRVbqw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=OCWq4ZV7Yvexoeefv8WGiQ==, pdfFileSize=1771839, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=0q0jjgq6/hpYf/Xs/razMQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=l4Pvc7zT2jbkYCUL+Y8nKw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张陶陶(1999—),女,硕士,助教,研究方向:营养与慢性病、营养干预

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注:A:中国;B:全球;C:日本;D:韩国。

, figureFileSmall=vQ4L4I6Qqtl5FfNVBvjsPA==, figureFileBig=0q0jjgq6/hpYf/Xs/razMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016577971417785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571558326496, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Burden of disease by age group for gouty diseases attributable to high BMI in China,Japan,Korea and the world,1990-2021, figureFileSmall=vAfmKTlHllegz3dRy0Elfw==, figureFileBig=QLSl/ZEewP0QHSmw4AAzSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016578155967180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571558326496, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1990—2021年中日韩三国与全球归因于高BMI的痛风疾病分年龄组疾病负担状况

注:A:中国;B:全球;C:日本;D:韩国。

, figureFileSmall=vAfmKTlHllegz3dRy0Elfw==, figureFileBig=QLSl/ZEewP0QHSmw4AAzSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016578273407696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571558326496, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Results of Joinpoint analysis of standardized DALY rates for gouty diseases attributable to high BMI in China,Japan,and Korea and globally,1990-2021, figureFileSmall=lmcUa4JRnA6sIFEC5R22wA==, figureFileBig=0DhBnpmfBbpP5QluSrq10g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016578441179866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571558326496, language=CN, label=图3, caption=1990—2021年中日韩三国与全球归因于高BMI的痛风疾病标化DALY率的Joinpoint分析结果

注:A:中国;B:全球;C:日本;D:韩国。

, figureFileSmall=lmcUa4JRnA6sIFEC5R22wA==, figureFileBig=0DhBnpmfBbpP5QluSrq10g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016578663477994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571558326496, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Projections of gout disease burden attributable to high BMI in China,Japan,and Korea and globally,2022-2035, figureFileSmall=AUbuTc8tqefxSqH7PrgOrg==, figureFileBig=brq3tBR2qVcskAEuILNHJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016578776724212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571558326496, language=CN, label=图4, caption=中日韩三国与全球2022—2035年归因于高BMI的痛风疾病负担预测结果

注:A:中国;B:全球;C:日本;D:韩国。

, figureFileSmall=AUbuTc8tqefxSqH7PrgOrg==, figureFileBig=brq3tBR2qVcskAEuILNHJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016578931913470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571558326496, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Status of gout disease burden attributable to high BMI in China,Japan,Korea and the world,1990—2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
国家性别DALYs(人年)标化DALYs率(1/10万)
1990年2021年变化率(%)1990年2021年变化率(%)
中国
男性26 352120 312356.565.4211.80117.71
女性8 96745 261404.751.984.20112.12
总体35 319165 573368.793.717.97114.82
全球
男性132 377451 552241.116.6510.8763.46
女性49 180161 745228.882.293.5555.02
总体181 558613 296237.804.377.0862.01
日本
男性5 82112 001106.177.4510.3238.52
女性1 8194 208131.341.912.3523.04
总体7 64016 208112.154.536.2738.41
韩国
男性1 1114 342290.826.7210.2652.68
女性2631 269382.511.532.5164.05
总体1 3745 612308.443.916.3562.40
), ArticleFig(id=1228016579045159686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571558326496, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2021年中日韩三国与全球归因于高BMI的痛风疾病负担状况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
国家性别DALYs(人年)标化DALYs率(1/10万)
1990年2021年变化率(%)1990年2021年变化率(%)
中国
男性26 352120 312356.565.4211.80117.71
女性8 96745 261404.751.984.20112.12
总体35 319165 573368.793.717.97114.82
全球
男性132 377451 552241.116.6510.8763.46
女性49 180161 745228.882.293.5555.02
总体181 558613 296237.804.377.0862.01
日本
男性5 82112 001106.177.4510.3238.52
女性1 8194 208131.341.912.3523.04
总体7 64016 208112.154.536.2738.41
韩国
男性1 1114 342290.826.7210.2652.68
女性2631 269382.511.532.5164.05
总体1 3745 612308.443.916.3562.40
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1990—2021年中日韩归因于高BMI的成人痛风疾病负担研究
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张陶陶 1 , 羊世远 1 , 刘显波 1 , 张东献 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(18): 3290-3296
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(18): 3290-3296
1990—2021年中日韩归因于高BMI的成人痛风疾病负担研究
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张陶陶1, 羊世远1, 刘显波1, 张东献2
作者信息
  • 1.海南科技职业大学财经学院,海南 海口 571126
  • 2.海南医科大学管理学院
  • 张陶陶(1999—),女,硕士,助教,研究方向:营养与慢性病、营养干预

通讯作者:

张东献,E-mail:
A study of the burden of gout disease in adults attributable to high BMI in China, Japan, and Korea, 1990-2021
Tao-tao ZHANG1, Shi-yuan YANG1, Xian-bo LIU1, Dong-xian ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • College of Finance and Economics, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, Hainan 571126, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504566
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目的

系统评估1990—2021年中日韩三国及全球范围内高BMI相关痛风疾病负担的变化趋势,为痛风防控提供科学依据。

方法

基于全球疾病负担研究(GBD)数据,分性别和年龄组解析高BMI致痛风的疾病负担特征,运用Joinpoint回归模型分析标化伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)率变化趋势,并通过ARIMA模型预测2022—2035年的疾病负担趋势。

结果

1990—2021年,中日韩及全球成人的标化DALYs率均呈同步上升趋势,其中中国增幅达114.82%,显著高于日本(38.41%)、韩国(62.40%)及全球平均水平(62.01%)。性别分析显示,各地区的男性标化DALYs率均高于女性。年龄分布呈现先升后降的单峰模式,中国与全球男性峰值年龄均为55~59岁,女性均为65~69岁,而日本男性(70~74岁)和女性(75~79岁)达峰最晚,韩国男性(60~64岁)峰值年龄介于中日之间,女性峰值年龄与全球趋势一致(65~69岁)。Joinpoint回归结果显示,1990—2021年中日韩三国与全球归因于高BMI的痛风疾病的DALYs率均呈上升趋势(AAPC分别为2.50%、1.04%、1.58%和1.58%,均P<0.05)。

结论

高BMI相关痛风疾病负担在中日韩及全球持续加重,需强化人群BMI综合管理策略,针对高危年龄及性别群体实施重点干预。

痛风  /  疾病负担  /  高体重指数  /  Joinpoint回归
Objective

To systematically assess the trend of high BMI-related gout disease burden in China, Japan and Korea and globally from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for gout prevention and control.

Methods

Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), the disease burden characteristics of high BMI-induced gout were resolved by gender and age group,and trends in the rate of standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were analyzed by using the Joinpoint regression model,and trends in the burden of disease were predicted for the period of 2022-2035 by the ARIMA model.

Results

From 1990 to 2021,the rates of standardized DALYs among adults in China,Japan,Korea,and the world showed a simultaneous upward trend,with an increase of 114.82% in China,which was significantly higher than that of Japan(38.41%),Korea(62.40%), and the global average(62.01%). Gender analysis showed that the rate of standardized DALYs was higher in males than in females in all regions. The age distribution showed a single-peak pattern of increasing and then decreasing, with peak ages of 55-59 years for males and 65-69 years for females in China and globally, whereas peak ages were reached most recently in Japan for males(70-74 years) and females(75-79 years), and peak ages for males in South Korea(60-64 years) were in the middle of the range between China and Japan, and peak ages for females were in line with the global trend(65-69 years).The results of the Joinpoint regression showed that the peak ages of 1990-2021 DALYs rates of gouty diseases attributable to high BMI in China,Japan,and Korea and globally were on the rise in 2021 (AAPC was 2.50%,1.04%,1.58%,and 1.58%,respectively,all P<0.05).

Conclusion

The burden of gout associated with high BMI continues to increase in China,Japan,Korea,and globally,and it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive management of BMI in the population and to implement focused interventions for high-risk age and gender groups.

Gout  /  Burden of disease  /  High BMI  /  Joinpoint regression
张陶陶, 羊世远, 刘显波, 张东献. 1990—2021年中日韩归因于高BMI的成人痛风疾病负担研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (18) : 3290 -3296 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504566
Tao-tao ZHANG, Shi-yuan YANG, Xian-bo LIU, Dong-xian ZHANG. A study of the burden of gout disease in adults attributable to high BMI in China, Japan, and Korea, 1990-2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (18) : 3290 -3296 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504566
痛风是一种由单钠尿酸盐沉积所致的晶体性关节炎,其病理基础为嘌呤代谢紊乱和/或尿酸排泄障碍引发的高尿酸血症。该疾病不仅表现为关节剧烈疼痛、肿胀和活动受限等局部症状,还可累及肾脏、心血管系统及代谢系统等多个器官系统,导致全身性损害[1]。流行病学调查数据显示,近几十年来全球痛风患病率和发病率呈现持续上升趋势[2]。肥胖是引起痛风的原因之一,随着身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)的上升发生痛风的危险性逐渐增高[3]。尤其在北美和东亚等高收入国家,高BMI和肾功能障碍导致的痛风风险最高[4]。在当前全球BMI流行率快速增长的情况下,研究其带来的疾病负担更有价值。
既往的痛风研究多侧重于痛风疾病负担与流行趋势的描述性分析,对疾病负担归因分析及其预测研究相对不足,特别是针对东亚地区的研究更为匮乏,难以支撑针对性的区域防控策略制定。聚焦中日韩三国的痛风研究,源于三个国家在东亚地区具有较强的代表性,并在流行病学特征、医疗体系、文化背景以及经济社会发展阶段等方面存在显著的相似性,这种相似性使得它们可能面临共同的痛风流行因素和疾病负担。同时通过三个国家的对比研究可为我国痛风防控策略制定提供有益借鉴。因此,本研究利用2021年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2021)数据库,系统分析1990—2021年间以中日韩为代表的东亚国家归因于高BMI的痛风疾病负担,并采用ARIMA模型预测2021—2035年疾病负担变化趋势。研究旨在阐明BMI相关痛风的流行病学特征、疾病负担现状及未来发展趋势,为我国制定痛风及其相关疾病的防控策略及区域协作提供科学依据。
本研究数据来源于全球疾病负担研究(GBD)2021数据库(https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/)。该数据库系统评估了全球204个国家和地区369种疾病及87种危险因素的疾病负担,涵盖死亡率、发病率、患病率等核心指标。本研究对GBD数据进行筛选,指标为“DALYs”,危险因素选择“High body-mass index”,发病原因为“Gout”,地区选取“China、Global、Japan、Republic of Korea ”,年龄为“Age-standardized”及20~24岁、25~29岁,30~34岁……,>95岁(共16组,5岁间隔),性别选取“Both、Male、Female”,年份为“1990—2021年”。
本研究采用伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)、标化 DALYs率评估归因于高BMI的痛风疾病负担。其中DALYs由过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)和伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability, YLDs)组成,DALYs=YLLs+YLDs。因痛风致死率低,主要影响生存质量,故其DALYs基本由YLDs构成。相关指标均采用GBD 2021全球标准人口进行年龄标准化。变化率=(2021年指标值-1990年指标值)/1990年指标值×100%。本研究将成人高BMI界定为≥25 kg/m2,该阈值涵盖世界卫生组织(WHO)定义的超重(25 kg/m2≤BMI<30 kg/m2)和肥胖(BMI≥30 kg/m2)两个临床分类[5]
应用Excel 2019软件对1990—2021年中日韩及全球的DALYs、标化DALYs率数据进行整理和分析。通过Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.0.0软件,分析1990—2021年中日韩及全球的痛风DALYs、标化DALYs率的变化趋势并计算其年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC)、平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC),检验水准α=0.05,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。采用ARIMA模型对时间序列数据进行分析,基于1990—2021年相关数据对2022—2035年中日韩及全球地区归因于高BMI的痛风的标化DALYs率进行预测。
1990—2021年,中日韩三国及全球范围内由高BMI导致的痛风疾病负担均呈现显著增长态势。经年龄标准化处理后,各国DALYs虽有所变化,但总体上升趋势保持一致(见图1)。1990—2021年间中国归因于高BMI的痛风DALYs 增长了368.79%,标化 DALYs 率增长幅度为114.82%;全球数据显示,同期痛风归因于高BMI的痛风DALYs增长了237.80%,标化DALYs 率增长幅度为62.01 %;日本方面,相关DALYs增长了112.15%,标化DALYs率增长幅度为38.41%;韩国表现出与中国相似的快速增长模式,DALYs增长了308.44%,标化DALYs率增长幅度为62.40 %(见表1)。
1990—2021年间,中国、全球、日本及韩国痛风疾病在DALYs和标化DALYs率两个维度上,各国均呈现持续上升态势,且男性群体疾病负担明显高于女性。
中国数据显示,女性DALYs和标化DALYs率比男性增幅更为显著,而全球范围内男性两项指标均高于女性。日本男性DALYs增长率低于女性,年龄标化后DALYs率男性高于女性。韩国表现出最显著的性别差异女性DALYs和标化DALYs率增幅远超于男性(见表1)。
数据分析显示,相较于1990年,2021年中国、日本、韩国及全球范围内归因于高BMI的痛风疾病DALYs水平在各年龄组均呈现不同程度的升高,且随着年龄的增长先升后降。
2021年的数据表明,中国的DALYs水平随着年龄的增长,男性患病人数至55~59岁年龄组达到最高峰,女性在65~69岁年龄组患病人数达到最高峰。全球数据显示,其峰值年龄组与中国保持一致。日本人群的DALYs水平显示,日本人群表现出独特的晚发特征,男性峰值出现在70~74岁年龄组,女性高峰进一步延迟至75~79岁年龄组。韩国人群的DALYs水平显示,其男性年龄峰值介于中日之间(60~64岁),女性年龄峰值与中国、全球趋势一致(见图2)。
经年龄标准化后,1990—2021年中日韩三国与全球归因于高BMI的痛风疾病的DALYs率均呈上升趋势(AAPC分别为2.50%、1.04%、1.58%和1.58%,均P<0.05)。1990—2021年中国标化DALYs率有5个有统计学意义的拐点(2000、2006、2014、2019、2021年,P<0.05),具体表现为:缓慢增长期(1994—2000年),快速增长期(2000—2006年;2006—2014年),增速趋缓期(2014—2019年;2019—2021年,)。
1990—2021年全球标化DALYs率共有5个拐点有统计学意义(P<0.05),分别是1994、2001、2006、2009、2021年,1990—1994年呈现初期上升,1994—2001年加速增长,2001—2006年峰值增速,后续趋稳(2006—2009年及2019—2021年)。
日本在1990—2021年间有5个显著转折点(1994、2000、2009、2016、2021年,均P <0.05)将趋势划分为:平缓上升(1990—1994年;1994—2000年),快速增长(2000—2009年),短暂下降(2009—2016年),最终趋稳(2019—2021年)。
韩国在1990—2021年间标化DALYs率有3个拐点有统计学意义(P<0.05),分别是1998、2009、2021年。1990—1998年增速最快,随后1998—2009年、2009—2021年平缓增加(见图3)。
运用ARIMA模型对1990—2021年的标化DALYs率进行预测。结果显示,预计中日韩三国2022—2035年因高 BMI患痛风疾病的标化 DALYs 率仍保持持续上升趋势,而全球则呈下降趋势(图4),到2035年中国达到10.22/10万(8.90/10万~11.55/10万),全球减少到6.78/10万(5.51/10万~8.06/10 万),日本达到7.06/10万(6.90/10万~7.22/10万),韩国达到7.46/10万(7.40/10万~7.52/10万)(见图4)。
高BMI正逐渐成为痛风疾病的重要危险因素[3],本研究深入剖析了1990—2021年中国、日本、韩国以及全球因高 BMI 导致的痛风疾病负担,揭示了显著增长态势,这一结果具有重要的公共卫生及临床意义。
数据显示,2021年中国归因于高 BMI 的痛风 DALYs增长幅度最高(368.79%),标化 DALYs 率增长 114.82%。其快速增长与中国营养转型(饮食从传统“粮菜为主”转向动物源性食品[6]、高能量食品及含糖饮料[7])密切相关。全球归因于高BMI的痛风DALYs增长237.80%,标化 DALYs率增长62.01 %。主要因全球高热量、低营养、超加工食品[8]普及与体力活动减少加剧了肥胖率,成为痛风负担上升的核心因素。日本方面,相关 DALYs增长 112.15%,标化 DALYs 率增长 38.41%,相对其他两国及全球平均相对较小,但西方饮食渗透仍致肥胖率缓慢上升而致痛风负担增加[9]。韩国增速与中国相似(DALYs增长308.44%,标化 DALYs 率增长 62.40 %),可能与饮食西化及职场饮酒文化加剧发病风险相关[10-11]。中日韩三国及全球的痛风疾病负担均与高BMI密切相关,提示需通过体重管理、饮食干预及公共卫生政策予以控制。
中国痛风发病率存在显著性别差异,男性疾病负担高于女性,与既往研究一致[12]。从增长幅度看,男性DALYs和标化DALYs分别增长了356.56%和117.71%,而女性则分别增长了404.75%和112.12%,女性增幅超过男性,可能与身体活动水平较低有关[13]。全球范围内,1990—2021年全球痛风DALYs及标化DALYs率持续上升,男性负担显著高于女性,这与高BMI流行及其性别特异性代谢效应密切相关[14]。日本性别差异最小,男性DALYs增长106.17%,女性131.34%,可能与传统饮食模式抑制尿酸生成有关[15]。韩国性别差异最显著,男性增长290.82%,女性增长382.5%,可能与社会文化偏好消瘦身材有关[16],女性快速减重会导致血尿酸升高,诱发痛风急性发作[17]。研究提示,文化习俗、代谢特异性及健康素养可能通过BMI调控路径对痛风产生差异化影响,未来研究应聚焦这些因素的交互作用,为制定性别/地域针对性干预策略提供依据。
年龄分析结果显示,2021年中国归因于高BMI的痛风DALYs呈单峰分布(男性55~59岁,女性65~69岁),较1990年峰值年龄后移,提示疾病负担呈老龄化趋势。男性负担更早与高嘌呤饮食、吸烟饮酒相关[18]。全球数据显示,男性DALYs峰值年龄在55~59岁,女性在65~69岁,可能与退休后生活方式改变导致脂肪堆积及老年疾病加速有关[19]。此外,男性更易摄入致痛风食物且高尿酸血症风险更高[1]。日本痛风负担呈现“晚发”特征,男性DALYs峰值延迟至70~74岁组,女性至75~79岁。与该国长寿导致代谢综合征累积后移及女性绝经较晚相关[20-21]。韩国男性DALYs峰值年龄在60~64岁,女性与全球趋势一致(65~69岁)。性别差异可能源于男性较高的酒精摄入及BMI增长趋势[22]。高BMI相关痛风负担在中日韩及全球均呈现年龄和性别差异,与社会经济水平、老龄化和饮食模式密切相关,需聚焦肥胖防控与代谢功能改善。
Joinpoint回归趋势分析显示,1990—2021年中国高BMI相关痛风标化DALYs率年均增长2.50%(AAPC),具体呈现三阶段波动:2000年前平缓,2000—2006年加速期(APC=3.86%)与同期经济高速增长和加工食品消费量激增,导致肥胖风险增加有关[8];2014年后增速放缓至2.78%,或与《中国防治慢性病中长期规划(2017—2025年)》推行BMI筛查干预相关[23]。全球标化DALYs率年均增长1.58%(AAPC),2001—2006年为全球增速峰值期(APC=3.22%),与超加工食品(如含糖饮料、红肉)摄入增加与肥胖风险上升直接相关[8]。日本标化DALYs率年均增速1.04%(AAPC)低于中韩,且趋势呈现独特波动:2000—2009年为快速增长期(APC=3.22%),此阶段与日本经济高速发展期的饮食西化相关[24]。2009—2016年出现短暂下降(APC=-0.88%),可能得益于国家推行的“特定健康检查与指导”政策,通过强化代谢综合征筛查和干预降低肥胖率[25]。韩国标化DALYs率年均增长1.58%(AAPC),1990—1998因工业化进程中饮食结构剧变引发的DALYs率攀升(APC=1.96%)[26];2009—2021年增速趋缓(APC=1.27%),可能受益于国家健康促进计划及健康与营养监测干预的实施[27]
预测结果显示,中国标化DALYs率预计从2021年的7.97/10万增至2035年的10.22/10万,增速显著高于日韩。全球标化DALYs率从2021年数据预计进一步降低至6.78/10万。韩国预测值(7.46/10万)略高于日本(7.06/10万)。但需注意,这一趋势可能掩盖区域差异,如:东南亚、非洲等中低SDI地区负担仍可能上升。建议中日韩优先制定针对肥胖与痛风共病的区域性防控策略,并关注青壮年人群的健康管理。
本研究通过整合疾病负担分析与预测模型,阐明了中日韩及全球痛风疾病负担的显著增长与BMI升高呈强相关性。研究结果提示,强化肥胖干预、优化饮食结构及完善健康政策协同机制是缓解痛风疾病负担的关键路径。未来需进一步探索多因素交互作用对疾病负担的影响,并建立跨学科、多维度的一级预防体系,以实现代谢性疾病的精准防控与健康老龄化目标。
  • 海南省自然科学基金(823RC501)
  • 海南科技职业大学校级科研项目(HKKY2024-30)
  • 2023年宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BEG03051)
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2025年第52卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504566
  • 接收时间:2025-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-02-10
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30
基金
海南省自然科学基金(823RC501)
海南科技职业大学校级科研项目(HKKY2024-30)
2023年宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BEG03051)
作者信息
    1.海南科技职业大学财经学院,海南 海口 571126
    2.海南医科大学管理学院

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张东献,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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