Article(id=1228016571260535718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743436800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770711566033, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770711566033, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770711566033, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711566033, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228016566646801206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770711564932, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711815039, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3380, endPage=3385, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228016571503805367, articleId=1228016571260535718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Healthcare resource allocation under the policy of Beijing sub-center construction: an empirical analysis based on the regression control method, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the policy effects and underlying mechanisms of the Beijing Sub-Center construction on the allocation of medical resources.

Methods

Panel data from 16 districts in Beijing spanning 2005 to 2022 was analyzed. The entropy weight method was utilized to assess healthcare resource allocation, while the regression control method was applied to estimate policy effects.

Results

The Beijing Sub-Center construction significantly enhanced hospital capacity and staffing in Tongzhou District, yielding average annual treatment effects of 732.168 additional hospital beds and 1 998.943 healthcare personnel. These impacts were statistically significant (P<0.1) across multiple years. However, the policy showed no notable effect on the number of hospital beds per 1 000 people or the total number of healthcare institutions.

Conclusion

The construction of the Beijing Sub-Center has effectively bolstered hospital capacity and increased healthcare personnel in Tongzhou District. Nevertheless, a gap persists between resource availability and the rising demand fueled by population growth. It is recommended to moderately expand medical service facilities, optimize the spatial distribution of resources, and enhance the efficiency and equity of healthcare resource allocation across Beijing.

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目的

分析城市副中心建设对北京市医疗资源配置的政策效应及其作用机制。

方法

基于2005—2022年北京市16区的面板数据,采用熵权法测算医疗资源配置水平,运用回归控制法识别政策效应。

结果

城市副中心建设显著提升了通州区的实际床位数和卫生技术人员数量,年均处理效应分别为732.168张和1 998.943人,且该效应在不同年份均具统计显著性(P<0.1)。然而,政策其对医疗资源配置综合指数、机构数量及每千人床位数的提升效应不显著。

结论

城市副中心建设在提升通州区医疗资源总量方面成效明显,尤其体现在床位和人力资源配置上,但仍存在资源供给与人口增长需求不匹配的问题。建议适度增加医疗服务设施,优化资源布局,推动北京市医疗资源的高效与均衡配置。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨辉,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=k8EKHKmX/vPLJAHXcu/1ew==, magXml=FzlQZR6vSZpBocurLkKiWA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=cKGHTUXvyfOCbuLmwL/qAg==, pdfFileSize=1113890, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=d3Go+tJEZWiYSkaelgzIwg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=2nSz4wYNzHwP2BNrW4xgOg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

杨辉(1984—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:卫生政策评估

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杨辉(1984—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:卫生政策评估

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杨辉(1984—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:卫生政策评估

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BMC Public Health, 2024, 24(1): 2524., articleTitle=Spatial disparities and dynamic evolution of professional public health resource supply level in Beijing, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228016582547407526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=8, issue=3, pageStart=340, pageEnd=345,353, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=师云柯, 代安琪, 张柠, journalName=医学教育管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=师云柯,代安琪,张柠.非首都功能疏解前后通州区三级医院空间可达性分析[J].医学教育管理2022, 8(3): 340-345,353., articleTitle=非首都功能疏解前后通州区三级医院空间可达性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228016582639682219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=8, issue=3, pageStart=340, pageEnd=345,353, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Shi YK, Dai AQ, Zhang N, journalName=Medical Education Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi YK, Dai AQ, Zhang N. 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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Spatial accessibility analysis of tertiary hospitals in Tongzhou District before and after non-capital functions relief, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228016575396118724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228016575425478858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, companyId=1228016575396118724, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Shunyi Hospital, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228016575463227597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, companyId=1228016575396118724, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京市顺义区医院,北京 101300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228016576767656277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changes in health care resources in Beijing Sub-center (actual vs. projected values), figureFileSmall=FiDD7+X/6FThoassOXb7+g==, figureFileBig=d3Go+tJEZWiYSkaelgzIwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016576889291105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=CN, label=图1, caption=北京城市副中心医疗卫生资源变化情况:实际值与预测值比较

注:——真实值;……预测值。

, figureFileSmall=FiDD7+X/6FThoassOXb7+g==, figureFileBig=d3Go+tJEZWiYSkaelgzIwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016577136755061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes in health care resources in Beijing Sub-center (Treatment effects), figureFileSmall=uQZN6LTSBI/CqrAO/k93RQ==, figureFileBig=q/PDUgyNuXvvJeb+edt+8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016577254195582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=CN, label=图2, caption=北京城市副中心医疗卫生资源真实值与预测值差距变动趋势(处理效应), figureFileSmall=uQZN6LTSBI/CqrAO/k93RQ==, figureFileBig=q/PDUgyNuXvvJeb+edt+8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016577350664582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Placebo test of health care resources in Beijing Sub-center using fake treatment time, figureFileSmall=+xZL91MfDiorqhP7XVZbIA==, figureFileBig=qGgAc1jVBZsO2gF30NbKag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016577442939277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=CN, label=图3, caption=北京城市副中心对医疗资源配置政策效应的时间安慰剂检验

注:——真实值;……预测值。

, figureFileSmall=+xZL91MfDiorqhP7XVZbIA==, figureFileBig=qGgAc1jVBZsO2gF30NbKag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016577568768411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Placebo test of health care resources in Beijing Sub-center using fake treatment Unit, figureFileSmall=tAKAeeBdit/c4jjQQAdGhA==, figureFileBig=ysCvkdAeaxJeiULAiewBqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016577702986145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=CN, label=图4, caption=北京城市副中心对医疗资源配置政策效应的地区安慰剂检测

注:——政策处理效应;……安慰剂效应。

, figureFileSmall=tAKAeeBdit/c4jjQQAdGhA==, figureFileBig=ysCvkdAeaxJeiULAiewBqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016577841398186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=P-value of the treatment effect of health resources in Beijing Sub-center using fake treatment Unit, figureFileSmall=bV/u571m7Wel4k8FzCyabw==, figureFileBig=OfQ91RI6XdHF9A2cnyB3DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016577946255793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=CN, label=图5, caption=北京城市副中心政策效应的地区安慰剂处理效应P, figureFileSmall=bV/u571m7Wel4k8FzCyabw==, figureFileBig=OfQ91RI6XdHF9A2cnyB3DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016578084667837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comprehensive index of health resource allocation in Beijing from 2005 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区年份
200520062007200820092010201120122013
东城区0.6920.7210.7410.7550.7710.7970.8230.7760.818
西城区0.7060.7130.7190.7460.7770.7930.8260.8650.924
朝阳区0.1700.1830.1870.1950.2030.2220.2380.2540.272
丰台区0.1120.1170.1230.1280.1300.1380.1460.1670.174
石景山区0.1720.1770.1920.2010.2160.2230.2300.2410.248
海淀区0.1250.1290.1330.1350.1360.1450.1600.1700.183
门头沟区0.0390.0390.0400.0400.0400.0390.0390.0390.038
房山区0.0620.0630.0620.0620.0630.0620.0620.0610.061
通州区0.0440.0480.0480.0500.0520.0530.0520.0510.050
顺义区0.0460.0520.0520.0550.0610.0620.0630.0650.062
昌平区0.0560.0590.0600.0690.0680.0730.0780.0810.083
大兴区0.0540.0580.0610.0660.0680.0680.0680.0730.069
怀柔区0.0310.0330.0340.0340.0340.0340.0330.0350.035
平谷区0.0410.0550.0560.0550.0560.0540.0530.0390.041
密云区0.0380.0380.0370.0360.0350.0340.0350.0350.034
延庆区0.0210.0160.0160.0150.0160.0170.0210.0210.023
地区年份
201420152016201720182019202020212022
东城区0.7550.7710.7970.8230.7760.8180.8510.8610.817
西城区0.7460.7770.7930.8260.8650.9240.9470.9660.963
朝阳区0.1950.2030.2220.2380.2540.2720.2740.2930.303
丰台区0.1280.1300.1380.1460.1670.1740.1840.1920.196
石景山区0.2010.2160.2230.2300.2410.2480.2530.2530.271
海淀区0.1350.1360.1450.1600.1700.1830.1900.2010.206
门头沟区0.0400.0400.0390.0390.0390.0380.0370.0380.038
房山区0.0620.0630.0620.0620.0610.0610.0600.0600.060
通州区0.0500.0520.0530.0520.0510.0500.0480.0500.055
顺义区0.0550.0610.0620.0630.0650.0620.0630.0670.073
昌平区0.0690.0680.0730.0780.0810.0830.0830.0860.092
大兴区0.0660.0680.0680.0680.0730.0690.0660.0740.082
怀柔区0.0340.0340.0340.0330.0350.0350.0340.0350.037
平谷区0.0550.0560.0540.0530.0390.0410.0400.0400.052
密云区0.0360.0350.0340.0350.0350.0340.0330.0350.036
延庆区0.0150.0160.0170.0210.0210.0230.0220.0260.026
), ArticleFig(id=1228016578248245700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016571260535718, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2005—2022年北京市医疗资源配置指数变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区年份
200520062007200820092010201120122013
东城区0.6920.7210.7410.7550.7710.7970.8230.7760.818
西城区0.7060.7130.7190.7460.7770.7930.8260.8650.924
朝阳区0.1700.1830.1870.1950.2030.2220.2380.2540.272
丰台区0.1120.1170.1230.1280.1300.1380.1460.1670.174
石景山区0.1720.1770.1920.2010.2160.2230.2300.2410.248
海淀区0.1250.1290.1330.1350.1360.1450.1600.1700.183
门头沟区0.0390.0390.0400.0400.0400.0390.0390.0390.038
房山区0.0620.0630.0620.0620.0630.0620.0620.0610.061
通州区0.0440.0480.0480.0500.0520.0530.0520.0510.050
顺义区0.0460.0520.0520.0550.0610.0620.0630.0650.062
昌平区0.0560.0590.0600.0690.0680.0730.0780.0810.083
大兴区0.0540.0580.0610.0660.0680.0680.0680.0730.069
怀柔区0.0310.0330.0340.0340.0340.0340.0330.0350.035
平谷区0.0410.0550.0560.0550.0560.0540.0530.0390.041
密云区0.0380.0380.0370.0360.0350.0340.0350.0350.034
延庆区0.0210.0160.0160.0150.0160.0170.0210.0210.023
地区年份
201420152016201720182019202020212022
东城区0.7550.7710.7970.8230.7760.8180.8510.8610.817
西城区0.7460.7770.7930.8260.8650.9240.9470.9660.963
朝阳区0.1950.2030.2220.2380.2540.2720.2740.2930.303
丰台区0.1280.1300.1380.1460.1670.1740.1840.1920.196
石景山区0.2010.2160.2230.2300.2410.2480.2530.2530.271
海淀区0.1350.1360.1450.1600.1700.1830.1900.2010.206
门头沟区0.0400.0400.0390.0390.0390.0380.0370.0380.038
房山区0.0620.0630.0620.0620.0610.0610.0600.0600.060
通州区0.0500.0520.0530.0520.0510.0500.0480.0500.055
顺义区0.0550.0610.0620.0630.0650.0620.0630.0670.073
昌平区0.0690.0680.0730.0780.0810.0830.0830.0860.092
大兴区0.0660.0680.0680.0680.0730.0690.0660.0740.082
怀柔区0.0340.0340.0340.0330.0350.0350.0340.0350.037
平谷区0.0550.0560.0540.0530.0390.0410.0400.0400.052
密云区0.0360.0350.0340.0350.0350.0340.0330.0350.036
延庆区0.0150.0160.0170.0210.0210.0230.0220.0260.026
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城市副中心建设背景下的北京医疗资源配置研究-基于回归控制法的实证分析
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杨辉
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(18): 3380-3385
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(18): 3380-3385
城市副中心建设背景下的北京医疗资源配置研究-基于回归控制法的实证分析
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杨辉
作者信息
  • 北京市顺义区医院,北京 101300
  • 杨辉(1984—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:卫生政策评估

通讯作者:

杨辉,E-mail:
Healthcare resource allocation under the policy of Beijing sub-center construction: an empirical analysis based on the regression control method
Hui YANG
Affiliations
  • Beijing Shunyi Hospital, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504017
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目的

分析城市副中心建设对北京市医疗资源配置的政策效应及其作用机制。

方法

基于2005—2022年北京市16区的面板数据,采用熵权法测算医疗资源配置水平,运用回归控制法识别政策效应。

结果

城市副中心建设显著提升了通州区的实际床位数和卫生技术人员数量,年均处理效应分别为732.168张和1 998.943人,且该效应在不同年份均具统计显著性(P<0.1)。然而,政策其对医疗资源配置综合指数、机构数量及每千人床位数的提升效应不显著。

结论

城市副中心建设在提升通州区医疗资源总量方面成效明显,尤其体现在床位和人力资源配置上,但仍存在资源供给与人口增长需求不匹配的问题。建议适度增加医疗服务设施,优化资源布局,推动北京市医疗资源的高效与均衡配置。

北京城市副中心  /  回归控制法  /  医疗资源配置
Objective

To investigate the policy effects and underlying mechanisms of the Beijing Sub-Center construction on the allocation of medical resources.

Methods

Panel data from 16 districts in Beijing spanning 2005 to 2022 was analyzed. The entropy weight method was utilized to assess healthcare resource allocation, while the regression control method was applied to estimate policy effects.

Results

The Beijing Sub-Center construction significantly enhanced hospital capacity and staffing in Tongzhou District, yielding average annual treatment effects of 732.168 additional hospital beds and 1 998.943 healthcare personnel. These impacts were statistically significant (P<0.1) across multiple years. However, the policy showed no notable effect on the number of hospital beds per 1 000 people or the total number of healthcare institutions.

Conclusion

The construction of the Beijing Sub-Center has effectively bolstered hospital capacity and increased healthcare personnel in Tongzhou District. Nevertheless, a gap persists between resource availability and the rising demand fueled by population growth. It is recommended to moderately expand medical service facilities, optimize the spatial distribution of resources, and enhance the efficiency and equity of healthcare resource allocation across Beijing.

Beijing sub-center  /  Regression control method(RCM)  /  Health resources allocation
杨辉. 城市副中心建设背景下的北京医疗资源配置研究-基于回归控制法的实证分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (18) : 3380 -3385 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504017
Hui YANG. Healthcare resource allocation under the policy of Beijing sub-center construction: an empirical analysis based on the regression control method[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (18) : 3380 -3385 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504017
随着中国经济快速发展与城市化进程加速,超大城市在享受发展红利的同时,也面临资源过度集中、区域发展失衡等“大城市病”挑战。城市治理的核心在于优化资源配置与功能布局[1]。行政中心往往集聚政治、经济与文化等核心资源,成为城市权力与功能的核心区域,而外围地区则长期面临资源配置不足的问题。以北京市为例,医疗卫生资源高度集中于首都功能核心区与城市功能拓展区,城市副中心及外围区域相对匮乏[2-3]。研究表明,中心城区的强大吸引力导致医疗资源过度集中于发达区域,加剧核心区域医疗供需矛盾,影响居民就医可及性与服务公平性[4-5]
为缓解非首都功能过度聚集、优化空间格局,北京市于2012年首次提出建设城市副中心,并通过2016年中央政治局专题研究、2018年《北京城市副中心控制性详细规划(2016—2035)》发布、2019年北京市级行政中心正式迁入及2021年《国务院关于支持北京城市副中心高质量发展的意见》正式发布等举措,持续推进副中心建设进程。在政策支持与系统规划下,优质资源逐步向副中心及外围区域延伸,区域公共服务日趋均衡[6]。尽管已有研究关注政府职能迁移对经济增长与产业结构的影响[5-8],部分文献亦涉及公共服务领域变化[9-10],但从城市副中心建设视角,系统评估其对医疗资源配置的政策效应及作用机制的研究仍相对匮乏。
进入高质量发展新阶段,医疗资源优化配置成为政策重点。党的二十大报告明确提出“促进优质医疗资源扩容和区域均衡布局”,这既是破解“大城市病”的关键举措,也是提升公共服务质量与民生福祉的重要保障。城市副中心建设十余年来,其对医疗资源配置产生了怎样的政策效应?具体路径是什么?为回答这些问题,本文基于北京市16个区2005—2022年的面板数据,采用回归控制法评估城市副中心建设的政策效应,剖析其影响路径与作用机制,为优化医疗资源空间布局、完善医疗服务体系提供科学依据与政策参考。
本文采用回归控制法(Regression Control Method, RCM)对政策效应进行评估。该方法由Hsiao等人提出[11],通过构建干预未发生时的“反事实结果”来衡量政策影响。相较于传统的双重差分法,RCM能够避免对照组选择的主观性,有效控制样本间的系统性差异[12-13]。此外,RCM不依赖“平行趋势”假设[14],更适用于政策干预集中于个别地区的研究场景[15]
(1)处理组与对照组的选取
为评估城市副中心建设对医疗资源配置的政策效应,本文以通州区(城市副中心所在地)作为处理组,以北京市外围9区(房山区、顺义区、昌平区、大兴区、门头沟区、怀柔区、密云区、平谷区、延庆区)作为对照组。上述外围9区未显著受到副中心相关政策的直接影响,能够较好模拟在缺乏政策干预情形下的医疗资源自然配置趋势。
(2)数据来源
本文使用的样本包括北京市16个区2005—2022年的面板数据。其中,卫生技术人员数量的数据来源于《北京卫生健康工作统计资料简编》,其余数据均来源于《北京市区域统计年鉴》。由于2010年行政区划调整,2005—2009年东城区和西城区的数据由原东城区与崇文区、原西城区与宣武区数据合并得出。数据处理、回归分析及制图均在Stata 17中完成。
(3)被解释变量
本文选取医疗卫生机构数量、实有床位数量、卫生技术人员数量和医疗资源配置指数作为被解释变量。其中,医疗资源配置指数的构建方法如下:分别计算医疗卫生机构数量、实有床位数量和卫生技术人员数量在每平方公里和每千人维度下的资源数,并取其几何平均值;在此基础上,采用熵权法对上述结果进行加权得到医疗资源配置指数。熵权法操作见相关文献[16-17]
(4)控制变量
在综合考虑指标代表性、数据可得性及相关文献的基础上[10, 18],本文从经济发展水平、政府规模和个人经济水平三个维度选取控制变量。经济发展水平以地区生产总值、地方财政收入和人均GDP为代表,政府规模以地方财政支出和全社会固定资产投资额为代表。个人经济水平以居民人均可支配收入和人均消费支出为代表,反映居民医疗服务支付能力和消费倾向,在一定程度上体现了医疗资源配置中的需求因素。
以2012年北京市明确提出建设城市副中心作为准自然实验的时间节点,基于北京市外围9区构建处理组的“反事实预测”,分析副中心建设对医疗资源配置的政策效应。假设表示处理组未接受政策干预时结果,表示处理组在政策实施后的结果,则政策效应可以表示为。由于现实世界无法直接观测到,通过式1进行预测:
 
其中:αi表示个体固定效应,涵盖个体不因时间变化的自身属性,β为控制变量的系数,为可观测的控制变量,ftk×1维的不可观测的共同因子,表示1×k维的因子载荷,εit为随机扰动项。通过消除共同因子ft,转化为时间序列回归模型,如公式(2)所示。
 
利用政策实施之前对照组的数据对式(2)进行最小二乘回归,预测实施后处理组的反事实结果:
 
基于上述,按照式(4)计算得到城市副中心政策处理效应估计值Δy
 
表1展示了2005—2022年北京市医疗资源配置指数,其中城市副中心以加粗形式标出。城市副中心的医疗资源配置指数从2005年的0.044提升至2022年的0.055。虽呈现上升趋势,但与东城区、西城区等中心城区仍存在较为明显差距,增长幅度上也低于房山、大兴、顺义、昌平等平原新城地区。
图1展示了城市副中心建设前后真实值(实线)与预测值(虚线)的比较情况。在建设启动前,预测值与真实值拟合十分接近,回归模型拟合度均在90%以上。建设启动后,医疗资源配置指数、实有床位数量、每千人床位数和卫生技术人员数量的实际值均高于预测值。图2进一步展示了城市副中心建设的处理效应。在建设启动前,各指标处理效应在0附近波动。建设启动后,截至2022年,实有床位数平均处理效应达到732.168张,卫生技术人员数量平均处理效应为 1 998.943人,每千人床位数的平均处理效应为1.096,均呈现显著正向变化。相较之下,医疗卫生机构数量在副中心实施初期呈现较为显著的负向效应,平均处理效应为-68.144,表明城市副中心建设未对医疗卫生机构数量的提升产生正向作用。
为确保回归控制法评估结果的稳健性,本文通过构建反事实政策时点和伪处理组两种方式进行安慰剂检验。
参照相关文献[15],本文将城市副中心启动建设的时间提前至2010年,构建反事实政策时点,重新估计其对医疗资源配置的影响。如图3所示,医疗资源配置指数与医疗卫生机构数量在反事实政策时点后出现明显拐点,未能通过时间安慰剂检验。相比之下,实有床位数、每千人床位数及卫生技术人员数在反事实政策时点前,实际值与预测值拟合度较高,表明反事实政策时点未干扰数据趋势。此外,在反事实政策时点与实际政策时点之间,相关指标仍保持较高拟合度,变化趋势一致,未出现显著的政策效应拐点,通过时间安慰剂检验。
为进一步验证结果的稳健性,本文以北京市外围9区作为伪处理组,开展空间安慰剂检验。若对照组的政策效应显著低于处理组,则可确认政策效应的显著性和稳健性。图4展示了处理组(实现)与对照组(虚线)的政策效应差异分布。实有床位数和卫生技术人员数量在多个时间点的处理效应显著高于对照组,显示出较强的政策影响;医疗资源配置指数、每千人床位数及医疗卫生机构数量的处理效应与对照组无显著差异。
图5进一步呈现了处理效应的P值分布。鉴于样本量较小,将置信水平放宽至0.1。结果显示,实有床位数在2013年、2015年、2016年、2021年和2022年的P值达到10%显著性水平(P<0.1);卫生技术人员数量在2013—2017年的五个时间点同样显著(P<0.1)。相比之下,医疗资源配置指数、每千人床位数和医疗卫生机构数量的P值均未达到显著性水平,表明城市副中心建设对这些指标的影响较弱。
本文研究结果表明,北京城市副中心建设主要促进了实有床位数和卫生技术人员数量的增长,对每千人床位数和医疗机构总量的提升作用有限。副中心建设后,实有床位数和卫生技术人员数量显著超出反事实预测值,且在多个时间点呈现统计显著性效应。作为衡量医疗服务承载能力与专业水平的重要指标,实有床位数和卫生技术人员数量的增长不仅扩大了医疗服务覆盖面,提高了居民就医可及性,也在一定程度上优化了区域医疗资源配置[19]。根据《北京城市副中心(通州区)“十四五”时期卫生健康事业发展规划》,“十三五”期间副中心新增床位883张,预计至“十四五”末,北京大学人民医院、北京安贞医院等三级医院的投入使用将带来约4 000张新增床位。相比之下,每千人床位数的提升幅度较小。这一比率指标受床位供给(分子)和人口增长(分母)的双重影响,而城市副中心人口流入的加快,使得床位供给增长尚未完全匹配人口变化,从而限制了该指标的提升。此外,研究发现,医疗卫生机构数量的实际值长期低于反事实预测值,且政策实施初期甚至呈现负向影响。这一现象表明,城市副中心建设的重点在于提升医疗资源的质量和等级,而非单纯增加机构数量。具体而言,副中心医疗资源的优化主要依赖于三级医院的扩展和升级[20],这一过程不仅增强了区域医疗服务能力,也在一定程度上缓解了医疗机构的拥挤状况。当前,北京城市副中心建设仍处于发展阶段,与核心城区在医疗资源配置方面仍存在一定差距。随着政策支持的持续推进,副中心有望进一步优化医疗资源布局,完善医疗疏解机制,逐步形成“中心—副中心”双核联动格局,加快区域医疗协同发展,推动医疗资源的合理配置[10]
已有研究表明,政府迁移可能导致公共服务的挤出效应[10],带来一定负面影响。尽管北京城市副中心建设推动了区域经济增长,但有研究显示副中心人均医疗资源供水平有所下降[8],且公共服务质量偏低是导致副中心整体得分低于其他区的重要因素[5]。本文结果表明,城市副中心所在的通州区在医疗卫生资源配置方面仍存在短板,其整体配置水平提升不显著,尤其在医疗卫生机构数量和人均医疗资源占有量(每千人床位数)方面。副中心医疗资源的发展表现出‘质量提升’与‘分布不均衡’并存的特征。一方面,非首都功能疏解促进了副中心三级医院建设,三级医疗资源的集中布局提升了高端医疗服务供给,优化了区域医疗服务能力,并在一定程度上弥补了床位数等资源总量的不足。另一方面,医疗机构总量增长有限,人均医疗资源水平未能同步提升,与北京核心区仍存在较大差距[5]。完善的公共服务是副中心高质量发展的关键支撑,也是提升居民获得感和幸福感的核心保障。副中心建设的核心目标是提升居民的获得感和幸福感,而公共服务的优化作为一项长期的民生工程,需与人口规模及结构变化相适应。为实现这一目标,副中心在承接中心城区功能的过程中,应进一步优化医疗资源的配置与布局,加快补齐公共服务短板,确保基础设施建设与公共服务能力协同发展,为高质量发展提供有力支撑[16]
本文探讨了北京城市副中心建设对对于医疗资源配置的影响,弥补相关研究的空白,但仍存在一定局限性。首先,本文研究内容主要涉及床位数、医疗卫生机构数量和卫生技术人员数的变化,研究时间仅涵盖了2005—2022年。随着副中心建设的持续推进,未来可利用更长期、更多维的数据,以揭示其对医疗资源配置的动态效应。与此同时,随着高质量发展成为经济社会的主题,城市副中心的医疗资源配置模式可能会发生调整,例如从供给和需求的不同层面开展分析。因此,如何应对新的需求,探讨副中心建设对包括医疗卫生在内的公共服务领域成为今后研究的重要方向。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504017
  • 接收时间:2025-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-02-10
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01
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    北京市顺义区医院,北京 101300

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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