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Article(id=1228016568311939911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411516, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732636800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770711565323, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770711565323, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770711565323, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711565323, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228016566646801206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770711564932, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711815039, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3341, endPage=3345, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228016569079497564, articleId=1228016568311939911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on the influence of school bullying on the development trajectory of early non-suicidal self-harm behaviors among adolescents based on the latent growth hybrid model, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the influence of school bullying on the development track of adolescents’ early non-suicidal NSSI, and to provide evidence for the prevention of adolescents’ early NSSI.

Methods

A total of 941 first grade students were investigated in March 2023, September 2023 and March 2024 by using the School Bullying Questionnaire and the Adolescents’ Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ). The heterogeneity of the developmental trajectory of early non-suicidal NSSI was analyzed by the latent variable growth mixed model (LGMM), and the influence of school bullying on the heterogeneity of NSSI was explored by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

The LGMM results showed that class 1 (Class1) was the “low-risk mitigation group” (87.35%) and class 2 (Class2) was the “medium-risk stable group” (7.23%); Category 3 (Class3) was the “high-risk deteriorating group” (5.42%); Male students were the protective factors in the “medium-risk stable group” (OR=0.369, 95% CI=0.216-0.631) and the “high-risk deteriorating group” (OR=0.325, 95% CI=0.121-0.872), and bullying was the protective factor in the “medium-risk stable group” (OR=1.375, 95% CI=1.269-1.490) and “high-risk worsening group” (OR=1.526, 95% CI=1.343-1.734).

Conclusion

The developmental trajectory of non-suicidal NSSI in early adolescents is heterogeneous, and school bullying is a risk factor for NSSI in early adolescents.

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目的

分析校园欺凌对青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹的影响，为预防青少年早期自伤行为提供依据。

方法

采用校园欺凌问卷、青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷分别于2023年3月、2023年9月、2024年3月对941名初一年级学生进行追踪调查；采用潜变量增长混合模型（LGMM）分析青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹的异质性，采用多分类logistic回归分析探究校园欺凌对非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹异质性的影响。

结果

LGMM结果显示，类别一为“低危缓解组”（占比87.35%），类别二为“中危恶化组”（占比7.23%）；类别三为“高危恶化组”（占比5.42%）；男生是“中危恶化组”（OR=0.369，95% CI=0.216～0.631）、“高危恶化组”（OR=0.325，95% CI=0.121～0.872）的保护因素，校园欺凌是“中危恶化组”（OR=1.375，95% CI=1.269～1.490）、“高危恶化组”（OR=1.520，95% CI=1.343～1.734）的危险因素。

结论

青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹存在异质性，校园欺凌是青少年早期自伤行为的危险因素。

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张天成，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=JyCD0GC1KdV+szLJ9uBTag==, magXml=CFzmGiMVAhvMdDsndXxMfw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=1mmTPXjsgg5CRviHnhrFjg==, pdfFileSize=787239, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=SQW2LCt7GM453Sh2qDCGUQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Wh+20p+HpKkXUuZpCwApsg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王澳伦(1999—)，男，博士在读，研究方向：青少年体质健康促进

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王澳伦(1999—)，男，博士在读，研究方向：青少年体质健康促进

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王澳伦(1999—)，男，博士在读，研究方向：青少年体质健康促进

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis ofinfluencing factors and construction of prediction model of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury behavior, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228016576323060007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, awardId=24YBA308, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省社会科学基金一般项目(24YBA308), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228016576415334706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, awardId=24A0381, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228016576524386623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, awardId=22YJ880086, language=CN, fundingSource=2022年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJ880086), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228016571310867367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, xref=1．, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228016571319255976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, companyId=1228016571310867367, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228016571327644586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, companyId=1228016571310867367, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1．吉首大学体育科学学院，湖南　吉首　416000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228016571415724976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, xref=2．, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228016571424113585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, companyId=1228016571415724976, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2．湘西民族职业技术学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228016574729224341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Estimated mean and growth trajectory for each potential category, figureFileSmall=OGj7j0BZbvvVxMdBtRav+g==, figureFileBig=SQW2LCt7GM453Sh2qDCGUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016574913773729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, language=CN, label=图1, caption=每个潜在类别的估计均值和增长轨迹, figureFileSmall=OGj7j0BZbvvVxMdBtRav+g==, figureFileBig=SQW2LCt7GM453Sh2qDCGUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228016575274483901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistical description and correlation analysis for each test time point (r)

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变量自伤行为（T1）自伤行为（T2）自伤行为（T3）校园欺凌（T1）
自伤行为（T1）3.37±2.521.000
自伤行为（T2）3.70±2.530.648a1.000
自伤行为（T3）3.86±2.880.356a0.704a1.000
校园欺凌（T1）8.76±2.440.373a0.388a0.356a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1228016575400313029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各测试时间点青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为得分（）及相关性分析（r）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量自伤行为（T1）自伤行为（T2）自伤行为（T3）校园欺凌（T1）
自伤行为（T1）3.37±2.521.000
自伤行为（T2）3.70±2.530.648a1.000
自伤行为（T3）3.86±2.880.356a0.704a1.000
校园欺凌（T1）8.76±2.440.373a0.388a0.356a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1228016575555502295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fitting index information of the latent variable growth mixed model (LGMM) (n=941)

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模型AICBICaBICEntropyLMRBLRT类别概率
C=117 397.69017 436.46617 411.058---1
C=216 631.70416 685.02116 650.0850.9850.009<0.001 0.056/0.944
C=316 814.37416 882.23116 837.7680.9860.023<0.0010.074/0.052/0.874
C=415 834.77715 917.17515 863.1840.9900.081<0.0780.098/0.11/0.859/0.018
), ArticleFig(id=1228016575681331428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

潜变量增长混合模型（LGMM）的拟合指标信息（n=941)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyLMRBLRT类别概率
C=117 397.69017 436.46617 411.058---1
C=216 631.70416 685.02116 650.0850.9850.009<0.001 0.056/0.944
C=316 814.37416 882.23116 837.7680.9860.023<0.0010.074/0.052/0.874
C=415 834.77715 917.17515 863.1840.9900.081<0.0780.098/0.11/0.859/0.018
), ArticleFig(id=1228016575828132080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Average probability of attribution for each potential category

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平行归属概率C1C2C3
C11.0000.0030.030
C20.0000.9970.000
C30.0130.0350.952
), ArticleFig(id=1228016575949766910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各潜在类别的平均归属概率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平行归属概率C1C2C3
C11.0000.0030.030
C20.0000.9970.000
C30.0130.0350.952
), ArticleFig(id=1228016576067207433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influencing factors on potential categories of early NSSI behavior in adolescents

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变量中危恶化组高危恶化组
OR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)P
性别
男0.369(0.216~0.631)0.0010.325(0.121~0.872)0.003
女1.0001.000
民族
汉族1.081(0.782~1.496)0.6361.409(0.824~2.410)0.210
其他民族1.0001.000
是否独生子女0.576
是1.777(0.977~3.233)0.0601.398(0.433~4.514)
否1.0001.000
是否住宿
是0.864(0.439~1.702)0.6730.851(0.259~2.796)0.790
否1.0001.000
是否留守
是0.838(0.318~2.209)0.7210.699(0.136~3.610)0.669
否1.0001.000
校园欺凌（T1）1.375(1.269~1.490)0.0011.526(1.343~1.734)0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1228016576197230870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016568311939911, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

影响因素对青少年早期自伤行为潜在类别的多分类logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量中危恶化组高危恶化组
OR(95% CI)POR(95% CI)P
性别
男0.369(0.216~0.631)0.0010.325(0.121~0.872)0.003
女1.0001.000
民族
汉族1.081(0.782~1.496)0.6361.409(0.824~2.410)0.210
其他民族1.0001.000
是否独生子女0.576
是1.777(0.977~3.233)0.0601.398(0.433~4.514)
否1.0001.000
是否住宿
是0.864(0.439~1.702)0.6730.851(0.259~2.796)0.790
否1.0001.000
是否留守
是0.838(0.318~2.209)0.7210.699(0.136~3.610)0.669
否1.0001.000
校园欺凌（T1）1.375(1.269~1.490)0.0011.526(1.343~1.734)0.001
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基于潜在增长混合模型研究校园欺凌对青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹的影响
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王澳伦 1 , 张天成 1 , 张福兰 1 , 郭淑媛 2 , 陈子逸 1 , 颜楚琦 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(18): 3341-3345
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(18): 3341-3345
基于潜在增长混合模型研究校园欺凌对青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹的影响
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王澳伦1, 张天成1 , 张福兰1, 郭淑媛2, 陈子逸1, 颜楚琦1
作者信息
  • 1．吉首大学体育科学学院，湖南　吉首　416000
  • 2．湘西民族职业技术学院

    • 王澳伦(1999—)，男，博士在读，研究方向：青少年体质健康促进

通讯作者:

张天成，E-mail:
Research on the influence of school bullying on the development trajectory of early non-suicidal self-harm behaviors among adolescents based on the latent growth hybrid model
Ao-lun WANG1, Tian-cheng ZHANG1 , Fu-lan ZHANG1, Shu-yuan GUO2, Zi-yi CHEN1, Chu-qi YAN1
Affiliations
  • College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411516
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摘要
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目的

分析校园欺凌对青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹的影响，为预防青少年早期自伤行为提供依据。

方法

采用校园欺凌问卷、青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷分别于2023年3月、2023年9月、2024年3月对941名初一年级学生进行追踪调查；采用潜变量增长混合模型（LGMM）分析青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹的异质性，采用多分类logistic回归分析探究校园欺凌对非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹异质性的影响。

结果

LGMM结果显示，类别一为“低危缓解组”（占比87.35%），类别二为“中危恶化组”（占比7.23%）；类别三为“高危恶化组”（占比5.42%）；男生是“中危恶化组”（OR=0.369，95% CI=0.216～0.631）、“高危恶化组”（OR=0.325，95% CI=0.121～0.872）的保护因素，校园欺凌是“中危恶化组”（OR=1.375，95% CI=1.269～1.490）、“高危恶化组”（OR=1.520，95% CI=1.343～1.734）的危险因素。

结论

青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹存在异质性，校园欺凌是青少年早期自伤行为的危险因素。

青少年早期  /  非自杀性自伤行为  /  异质性  /  发展轨迹  /  校园欺凌
Objective

To analyze the influence of school bullying on the development track of adolescents’ early non-suicidal NSSI, and to provide evidence for the prevention of adolescents’ early NSSI.

Methods

A total of 941 first grade students were investigated in March 2023, September 2023 and March 2024 by using the School Bullying Questionnaire and the Adolescents’ Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ). The heterogeneity of the developmental trajectory of early non-suicidal NSSI was analyzed by the latent variable growth mixed model (LGMM), and the influence of school bullying on the heterogeneity of NSSI was explored by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

The LGMM results showed that class 1 (Class1) was the “low-risk mitigation group” (87.35%) and class 2 (Class2) was the “medium-risk stable group” (7.23%); Category 3 (Class3) was the “high-risk deteriorating group” (5.42%); Male students were the protective factors in the “medium-risk stable group” (OR=0.369, 95% CI=0.216-0.631) and the “high-risk deteriorating group” (OR=0.325, 95% CI=0.121-0.872), and bullying was the protective factor in the “medium-risk stable group” (OR=1.375, 95% CI=1.269-1.490) and “high-risk worsening group” (OR=1.526, 95% CI=1.343-1.734).

Conclusion

The developmental trajectory of non-suicidal NSSI in early adolescents is heterogeneous, and school bullying is a risk factor for NSSI in early adolescents.

Early adolescence  /  Non-suicidal self-injury behavior  /  Heterogeneity  /  Development trajectory  /  School bullying
王澳伦, 张天成, 张福兰, 郭淑媛, 陈子逸, 颜楚琦. 基于潜在增长混合模型研究校园欺凌对青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹的影响. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (18) : 3341 -3345 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411516
Ao-lun WANG, Tian-cheng ZHANG, Fu-lan ZHANG, Shu-yuan GUO, Zi-yi CHEN, Chu-qi YAN. Research on the influence of school bullying on the development trajectory of early non-suicidal self-harm behaviors among adolescents based on the latent growth hybrid model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (18) : 3341 -3345 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411516
正文
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非自杀性自伤行为（non-suicidal self-injury，NSSI），简称自伤行为，是指不以自杀为目的，直接地、故意地损伤自己身体组织，而且是不被社会和文化所认可的行为[1]，包括割伤、撞击、烧伤、抓伤、咬伤等。近年来，自伤行为问题已成为我国乃至全球关注的焦点[2]。青少年早期是个体生理、心理和社会适应能力发展的关键时期，年龄介于10~13岁间，这一时期青少年身体、心理发育均不完善，他们更容易受到外部环境的影响[3]。进入初中后，面对陌生的学习环境与新同学，学生可能更容易出现心理健康问题[4]，加之疏导不佳，导致自伤行为的出现[5]。这些问题不仅会对他们的当前生活和学习产生负面影响，还可能持续至成年期，进而增加了他们成年后罹患严重抑郁症的风险[6]。
当前，自伤行为的研究主要集中于以变量为中心的横断面设计，而以个体为中心的纵向研究相对较少。然而，在自伤行为发展轨迹的研究中，普遍采用同质性的假设[7]，对于自伤行为发展轨迹的异质性研究较少。实际上，不同个体可能因社会环境、人际关系、心理因素等的不同而表现出自伤行为发展速度和严重程度上的显著差异[8]，尤其是刚进入初中阶段的青少年。因此，在分析自伤行为的发展轨迹时，还应考虑群体内部可能存在的轨迹异质性[8-10]。
校园欺凌，通常指的是在校园环境内，个体或群体通过言语、行为或其他方式，对另一个个体进行重复的、有意的负面行为[11]。近年来，关于校园欺凌的报道层出不穷。遭受欺凌的青少年可能会出现焦虑、抑郁、自卑[12-14]等心理问题，导致自伤行为的发生，长期的负面情绪体验可能进一步恶化自伤行为，甚至引发自杀念头，对青少年的健康成长产生了严重影响[15]。本研究旨在探讨校园欺凌对青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹的影响，采用纵向追踪研究设计，构建潜变量增长模型和潜变量混合增长模型，以探究校园欺凌对青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹异质性的影响，为预防和干预青少年心理问题提供理论依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
采用随机整群抽样法于2023年3月至2024年3月选取湘西自治州4所公立中学，从每所中学的初一年级中各随机抽取5个班级，共20个班级进行跟踪问卷调查，共测试3次。于2023年3月进行第一次测试（T1），发放问卷989份；2023年9月进行第二次测试（T2），发放问卷977份；2024年3月进行第三次测试（T3），发放问卷962份。三次施测结束后，剔除流失样本和无效问卷，最终确定有效样本941份，为保证调查质量，调查员均在测试前进行统一培训，以班级为单位当场分发纸质问卷并当场回收，本研究调查取得所调查学校的许可和调查对象及家长的知情同意，已通过吉首大学生物医学伦理委员会审批（批号：JSDX-2023-0034）。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　一般人口学特征
采用自编问卷对初中一年级学生进行现场问卷调查，问卷内容主要包括性别、民族、是否独生子女、是否住宿、是否留守等。
1.2.2　校园欺凌
采用季成叶《中国青少年健康相关/危害行为调查综合报告2005》中关于校园欺凌的分量表[16]，共7个条目，采用Likert 4点计分，每个条目有4个选项，即“从未、偶尔、经常、总是”，分别按“1～4分”评分，总分越高表明遭受的校园欺凌越严重，在本研究的3个测量阶段中，调查Cronbach α系数分别是0.80、0.86和0.84。
1.2.3　非自杀性自伤行为
非自杀性自伤行为采用《青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷》中的行为问卷进行评价[17]，共12个条目，每个条目有5个选项，采用0（没有）到4（总是）5级评分，总分越高表明遭受的自伤行为越严重，在本研究的3个测量阶段中，调查Cronbach α系数分别是0.85、0.87和0.84。
1.3　统计方法
采用SPSS 26.0对数据进行统计分析，计数资料用例数（百分比）表示，计量资料采用（均数±标准差）表示。首先采用Pearson相关分析对各变量进行相关性分析，采用Mplus 8.6先进行线性无条件潜变量增长模型分析，探究青少年早期自伤行为的整体发展轨迹，之后采用无条件潜变量混合增长模型（latent growth mixture model，LGMM）对青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹的模式类别进行识别和划分。区分出潜在类别后，再采用多分类logistic回归分析，探究校园欺凌对非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹异质性的影响。检验水准α=0.05。在研究中，采用Little提出的MCAR（完全随机缺失）多变量检验方法来分析数据中缺失值的分布情况。检验结果为：χ2=4.46，P>0.05，表明数据缺失的模式符合完全随机缺失。
2　结果
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2.1　描述性统计及相关分析
本研究中研究对象共941人，平均年龄12.68±0.49岁，其中男生493人，女生448人；汉族105人，其他民族836人；独生子女188人，非独生子女753人；住宿177人，非住宿764人；留守儿童69人，非留守儿童872人。相关分析的结果显示，青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为得分与校园欺凌得分均呈正相关。见表1。
2.2　青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为的发展轨迹
潜在增长模型显示，随着时间的推移，自伤行为呈现缓慢的上升趋势（χ2=5.644，RMSEA=0.020，CFI=1.000，TLI=0.998，SRMR=0.015；模型截距I=3.402（P<0.001）。模型斜率S=0.154（P<0.001）。为了进一步探究非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹的异质性，再采用潜在增长混合模型，分别抽取1—4个类别，各分类拟合指标结果如表2所示，4分类AIC、BIC、aBIC数值虽随类别增多而减小，但LMR、BLRT不显著，因此，取3分类结果为最优解。3类别的平行归属概率矩阵见表3，各类别中的被试归属于每个潜在类别的平均概率从95.2%到100%，表明3类别模型结果可信度较高。见表2、表3。
结合表2、表3输出结果，依照各潜在类别的截距（I）和斜率估计（S），类别一（C1）的个体在T1时间表现出较低的自伤行为水平，并且随着时间的推移，自伤行为呈现逐步下降的趋势（截距I=2.088，SE=0.149，P<0.001；斜率S= -0.405，SE=0.049，P<0.001），因此，这一类别命名为：“低危缓解组”（占比87.35%）；类别二（C2）的个体在T1时间表现出中等的自伤行为水平，并随时间的推移，变化趋势不大（截距I=9.881，SE=1.153，P<0.001；斜率S=1.884，SE=0.574，P<0.001），因此，这一类别命名为：“中危恶化组”（占比7.23%）；类别三（C3）的个体在T1时间表现出较高的自伤行为水平，并随着时间的变化，呈现显著的上升趋势（截距I=22.462，SE=3.960，P<0.001；斜率S=2.989，SE=0.581，P<0.001），因此，这一类别命名为：“高危恶化组”（占比5.42%）。见图1。
2.3　校园欺凌对青少年非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹的影响
以“低危缓解组”为参考，纳入性别、民族、是否独生子女、是否住宿、是否留守、校园欺凌等指标到多分类logistic回归方程，结果显示：男生是“中危恶化组”（OR=0.369，95% CI=0.216～0.631）、“高危恶化组”（OR=0.325，95% CI=0.121～0.872）的保护因素，校园欺凌是“中危恶化组”（OR=1.375，95% CI=1.269～1.490）、“高危恶化组”（OR=1.526，95% CI=1.343～1.734）的危险因素。见表4。
3　讨论
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本研究的描述性结果显示，青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为得分均值随着时间的推移逐渐上升，与其他研究结果相似[18]，潜在增长模型结果显示，随着时间的推移，非自杀性自伤行为呈现缓慢的上升趋势。潜在增长混合模型结果显示，青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹分为三个类别，分别为“低危缓解组”、“中危恶化组”、“高危恶化组”。这可能是因为青少年早期个体处于生长发育初期，其心理、生理发育均还不完善，面对由“小”升“初”的环境改变，青少年早期个体适应能力相对较弱，部分青少年难以适应新的学习节奏和人际交往模式[19]，面对新的压力，个体没有足够的时间适应，短时间内，该阶段青少年可能逐渐意识到自身面临的诸多困境无法通过常规的沟通渠道得到有效解决。而向父母倾诉时，可能得不到理解和支持，反而可能受到责备；向老师反映时，也可能未能给予足够重视[20]。进而导致青少年早期可能会觉得非自杀性自伤行为是一种能够快速引起他人关注、释放内心压力的方式，并且随着“有效反馈”的次数增加，他们会愈发频繁地采用非自杀性自伤行为，进而导致非自杀性自伤行为得分的逐渐上升。
多分类logistic回归结果显示，与男生比较，女生在非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹方面的影响作用更为显著，和以往横断面研究结论一致[21]。这可能和女生的性格特点有关。通常情况下，女生在性格上可能相对更为内向、含蓄，不太善于像男生那样通过较为直接、激烈的方式（如运动竞技、大声争论等）去表达内心的不满与愤懑。在遭遇挫折、困境或者情绪低落时，她们更多地选择独自默默承受，将情绪深埋心底。且较男生而言，女生承受更多来自生理上（月经初潮等）的压力，产生负面情绪，疼痛发作模型 (Pain onset model)认为[22]，生理上疼痛会带来注意力的转移，久而久之，这些被压抑的负面情绪可能转化为非自杀性自伤行为的驱动力，使得女生在非自杀性自伤行为发展轨迹方面的影响愈发显著，所展现出的风险水平也明显高于男生。也进一步表明在预防青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为的发生要充分考虑性别因素，学校老师应针对女生开设健康知识讲座，帮助女生正确看待生理发育问题。家长也应主动与女儿沟通，及时了解她们身心的发展动态，帮助青少年得到合理的情绪宣泄。
本研究发现，校园欺凌是青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为的危险因素，即遭受校园欺凌越严重，会增加青少年进入“高危恶化组”的概率，这与横断面研究一致[23]。从心理层面分析，遭受校园欺凌的青少年，其内心世界被阴霾笼罩，随着欺凌次数的增多，青少年心理所承受的负面情绪会不断叠加，进而陷入抑郁、焦虑之中[24]。同时，欺凌带来的耻辱感也会让他们在同龄人面前感到羞耻，逐渐产生社交退缩的行为，害怕与他人接触以及再次遭受嘲笑与侮辱[25]，进而选择自我封闭，使内心负面情绪无处宣泄，因此，非自杀性自伤行为就成为他们表达内心痛苦、寻求解脱的一种极端方式。另外，越是遭受严重的欺凌，他们就越觉得走投无路，越倾向于通过非自杀性伤害自己来获得一种暂时的“掌控感”，导致青少年非自杀性自伤行为不断恶化。因此，对于刚进入初中阶段且正处在青春期早期的学生群体，学校应给予更多的关注和关爱，掌握他们的心理健康动态并及时制止校园欺凌的发生以及进一步防止加重欺凌行为，对有非自杀性自伤行为的青少年及时沟通疏导，有效预防青少年早期非自杀性自伤行为的发生和发展。
本研究可能存在如下几个方面的不足：其一，在样本选取方面，本研究的抽样范围被限定于湖南省湘西州中学，样本的代表性欠佳。鉴于此，在后续的研究进程中，进一步扩大样本选取的范围，以增强样本代表性。其二，关于变量关系方面，本研究当前仅对T1时间点校园欺凌这一因素对青少年早期自伤行为所产生的影响展开了分析，在深度挖掘校园欺凌与青少年早期自伤行为二者之间关系的层面上存在一定的局限性。未来的研究可借助诸如交叉滞后模型、动态结构方程模型等方法，对其进行深入研讨，以便更为精准地把握二者间的动态关系。
基金
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  • 湖南省社会科学基金一般项目(24YBA308)
  • 2024年湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)
  • 2022年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJ880086)
文献
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2025年第52卷第18期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411516
  • 接收时间：2024-11-27
  • 首发时间：2026-02-10
  • 出版时间：2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-27
基金
湖南省社会科学基金一般项目(24YBA308)
2024年湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)
2022年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJ880086)
作者信息
    1．吉首大学体育科学学院，湖南　吉首　416000
    2．湘西民族职业技术学院

通讯作者:

张天成，E-mail:
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411516
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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