Article(id=1228016567917670557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504268, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744560000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770711565235, onlineDateStr=2026-02-10, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770711565235, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770711565235, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711565235, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228016566646801206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='18', pageStart='3265', pageEnd='3456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770711564932, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770711815039, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228017615784833770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1228016566646801206, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3318, endPage=3323, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228016570966929612, articleId=1228016567917670557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Exposure levels and health risks of nine pollutants in drinking water of Liaoning, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To analyze the exposure levels and health risks of nine pollutants in urban and rural drinking water of Liaoning Province, and to provide a reference for ensuring drinking water safety.
Methods Water samples from 28 large-scale water supply units were monitored in 2024. The indicators included bisphenol A (BPA), nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), vanadium (V), and chlorinated paraffins (CPs). The results were evaluated according to the standards for drinking water quality (GB 5749-2022), except for CPs. The comparison of concentration differences between the two groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, while the Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test was employed for comparisons among multiple groups. The χ2 test was used for the comparison of rates. Using the health risk assessment methods of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the technical guide for environmental health risk assessment of chemical exposure (WS/T 777-2021), the health risks to people through oral of drinking water were assessed.
Results A total of 112 water samples were collected and tested. The detection rates of the indicators, in descending order, were PFOA (36.61%)> NDMA (25.89%)> PFOS (16.07%)> DBP (15.18%)> BPA (4.46%)>CPs (2.67%). DEHA, DEP, and V were not detected. Except for CPs, the compliance rate for DBP was 99.96%, while all other indicators reached 100%. BPA and NDMA concentrations in wet season were higher than that in dry season, and the detection rate of NDMA was also higher in the wet season compared to the dry season; the NDMA concentration in the finished water was higher than that in the tap water, and all these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In surface water sources for drinking water, the concentrations of NDMA and DBP were higher than those in groundwater (P<0.05); the detection rates of DBP and PFOA in surface water were higher than those in groundwater (P<0.05). The hazard quotient (HQ) for PFOA is greater than 1, indicating a high non-carcinogenic risk; the carcinogenic risk values (CR) of NDMA, PFOA of male and female, and PFOS are all between 1.0×10-6 to 1.0×10-4, indicating a certain risk.
Conclusion In Liaoning Province, there is exposure to BPA, NDMA, DBP, PFOA, PFOS and CPs in drinking water samples. NDMA, PFOA and PFOS carry a certain level of potential carcinogenic risks, but all are within the acceptable range. PFOA presents a certain non-carcinogenic risk and requires attention.
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目的 分析辽宁省城乡饮用水中9种污染物暴露水平及健康风险，为保障饮用水安全提供参考。
方法 2024年对28家大规模供水单位进行监测，分析双酚A（BPA）、亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）、二（2-乙基己基）己二酸酯（DEHA）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、钒（V）和氯化石蜡（CPs）污染状况和健康风险。除CPs外，检验结果按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749-2022）进行评价。两组间浓度差异比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验，多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验；率的比较采用χ2检验。结合美国国家环境保护署健康风险评价方法和我国《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》（WS/T 777—2021），对饮用水经口摄入的健康风险进行评估。
结果 共采集检测水样112份，检出率由高到低为PFOA（36.61%）>NDMA（25.89%）>PFOS（16.07%）>DBP（15.18%）>BPA（4.46%）>CPs（2.67%）, DEHA、DEP和V未检出。除CPs外，DBP达标率为99.96%，其它指标均为100%。丰水期BPA和NDMA浓度高于枯水期，且丰水期NDMA检出率高于枯水期；出厂水NDMA浓度高于末梢水，以上差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。地表水水源饮用水中NDMA和DBP浓度高于地下水（P<0.05）；地表水DBP和PFOA检出率高于地下水（P<0.05）。PFOA的危害商（HQ）>1，非致癌风险较高；致癌风险中，NDMA、男性和女性PFOA、PFOS的致癌风险值（CR）均在1.0×10-6~1.0×10-4，具有一定风险，但在可接受范围内。
结论 辽宁省饮用水中BPA、NDMA、DBP、PFOA、PFOS和CPs均有不同程度的检出。NDMA、PFOA和PFOS的致癌风险在可接受范围内。PFOA具有一定非致癌风险，需加以关注。
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1ABTWbSwI+CE4zb78CeK5Q==, magXml=vXBTVGBrjwa56exZpgz47w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=1I6AQ5XnTrqufYwkYNEWZg==, pdfFileSize=693176, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=t96RKPNAFNzKEnj4vCpG6Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
李继芳（1979—），女，本科，主任医师，研究方向：环境卫生与健康研究
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Slope factors, reference doses of chemicals
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | 非致癌参考剂量
（RfD，mg/（kg·d）） | 致癌斜率因子
（SF，kg·d /mg） |
|---|
| BPA | 5×10-2 | - |
| NDMA | - | 51.0 |
| DEHA | 6×10-1 | - |
| DEP | 8×10-1 | - |
| DBP | 1×10-1 | - |
| PFOA | 3×10-8 | 29.3 |
| PFOS | 1×10-7 | 39.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016577321300620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
污染物参考剂量和斜率因子
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | 非致癌参考剂量
（RfD，mg/（kg·d）） | 致癌斜率因子
（SF，kg·d /mg） |
|---|
| BPA | 5×10-2 | - |
| NDMA | - | 51.0 |
| DEHA | 6×10-1 | - |
| DEP | 8×10-1 | - |
| DBP | 1×10-1 | - |
| PFOA | 3×10-8 | 29.3 |
| PFOS | 1×10-7 | 39.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016577438741141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Health risk assessment parameters
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 人群 | 日摄入量
（IR，L/d） | 暴露频率
（EF，d/a） | 暴露周期（ED，a） | 体重
（BW，kg） | 平均接触时间（AT，d） |
|---|
| 非致癌效应 | 致癌效应 | 非致癌效应 | 致癌效应 |
|---|
| 男性 | 2.475 | 365 | 74.12 | 70 | 66.1 | 27 053.8 | 25 550 |
| 女性 | 2.124 | 365 | 78.86 | 70 | 57.8 | 28 783.9 | 25 550 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016577560375967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
健康风险评估参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 人群 | 日摄入量
（IR，L/d） | 暴露频率
（EF，d/a） | 暴露周期（ED，a） | 体重
（BW，kg） | 平均接触时间（AT，d） |
|---|
| 非致癌效应 | 致癌效应 | 非致癌效应 | 致癌效应 |
|---|
| 男性 | 2.475 | 365 | 74.12 | 70 | 66.1 | 27 053.8 | 25 550 |
| 女性 | 2.124 | 365 | 78.86 | 70 | 57.8 | 28 783.9 | 25 550 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016577698788012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Basic information of water supply units of Liaoning Province（n）
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 组别 | | 城市 | 农村 | 合计 |
|---|
| 水源类型 | 地表水 | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| 地下水 | 1 | 10 | 11 |
| 水处理方式 | 常规处理 | 14 | 4 | 18 |
| 仅消毒 | - | 4 | 4 |
| 未处理 | - | 6 | 6 |
| 消毒方式 | 次氯酸钠 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 液氯 | 9 | - | 9 |
| 复合二氧化氯 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 高纯二氧化氯 | - | 2 | 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016577853977268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
辽宁省调查供水单位基本情况（个）
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 组别 | | 城市 | 农村 | 合计 |
|---|
| 水源类型 | 地表水 | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| 地下水 | 1 | 10 | 11 |
| 水处理方式 | 常规处理 | 14 | 4 | 18 |
| 仅消毒 | - | 4 | 4 |
| 未处理 | - | 6 | 6 |
| 消毒方式 | 次氯酸钠 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 液氯 | 9 | - | 9 |
| 复合二氧化氯 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 高纯二氧化氯 | - | 2 | 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016577975612090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Detection results of pollutants in drinking water of Liaoning Province
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | 样本数 | 浓度范围
（mg/L） | 中位数
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） |
|---|
| BPA | 112 | ND～7.0×10-6 | 2.5×10-6 | 4.46 |
| NDMA | 112 | ND～5.3×10-5 | 2.5×10-6 | 25.89 |
| DEHA | 112 | ND | ND | 0.00 |
| DEP | 112 | ND | ND | 0.00 |
| DBP | 112 | ND～3.9×10-2 | 2.0×10-4 | 15.18 |
| PFOA | 112 | ND～1.4×10-5 | 1.5×10-6 | 36.61 |
| PFOS | 112 | ND～1.5×10-5 | 1.5×10-6 | 16.07 |
| V | 112 | ND | ND | 0.00 |
| CPs | 112 | ND～8.4×10-3 | 1.0×10-3 | 2.67 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016578076275395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
辽宁省饮用水中污染物检测结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | 样本数 | 浓度范围
（mg/L） | 中位数
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） |
|---|
| BPA | 112 | ND～7.0×10-6 | 2.5×10-6 | 4.46 |
| NDMA | 112 | ND～5.3×10-5 | 2.5×10-6 | 25.89 |
| DEHA | 112 | ND | ND | 0.00 |
| DEP | 112 | ND | ND | 0.00 |
| DBP | 112 | ND～3.9×10-2 | 2.0×10-4 | 15.18 |
| PFOA | 112 | ND～1.4×10-5 | 1.5×10-6 | 36.61 |
| PFOS | 112 | ND～1.5×10-5 | 1.5×10-6 | 16.07 |
| V | 112 | ND | ND | 0.00 |
| CPs | 112 | ND～8.4×10-3 | 1.0×10-3 | 2.67 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016578277602002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Temporal and spatial exposure levels of pollutants in drinking water of Liaoning Province
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 组别 | 样本数 | BPA | NDMA | DBP |
|---|
中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） |
|---|
| 水期 | | | | | | | |
| 枯水期 | 56 | ND | 0.000 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～4.3×10-5） | 16.070 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～3.9×10-2） | 10.710 |
| 丰水期 | 56 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 8.930 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～5.3×10-5） | 35.710 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～2.8×10-2） | 19.640 |
| 统计量 | | 1 428.000 | 3.350 | 1 244.500 | 4.650 | 1 443.500 | 1.110 |
| P | | 0.023 | 0.067 | 0.010 | 0.031 | 0.248 | 0.292 |
| 区域 | | | | | | | |
| 城区 | 56 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～6.0×10-6） | 3.570 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～4.0×10-5） | 30.360 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～3.9×10-2） | 17.860 |
| 农村 | 56 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 5.360 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～5.3×10-5） | 21.430 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～ 1.7×10-2） | 12.500 |
| 统计量 | | 1 538.500 | 0.000 | 1 715 | 2.980 | 1 659.000 | 0.000 |
| P | | 0.637 | 1.000 | 0.270 | 0.084 | 0.399 | 1.000 |
| 水样类型 | | | | | | | |
| 出厂水 | 56 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 5.350 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～5.3×10-5） | 33.930 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～3.9×10-2） | 16.070 |
| 末梢水 | 56 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 3.570 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～4.3×10-5） | 17.860 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～1.4×10-3） | 14.290 |
| 统计量 | | 1 594.500 | 0.000 | 1 840 | 0.740 | 1 613.000 | 0.280 |
| P | | 0.672 | 1.000 | 0.040 | 0.388 | 0.678 | 0.598 |
| 组别 | 样本数 | PFOA | PFOS | CPs |
中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） |
| 水期 | | | | | | | |
| 枯水期 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.4×10-5） | 37.500 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.5×10-5） | 14.290 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～8.4×10-3） | 1.780 |
| 丰水期 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.0×10-5） | 35.710 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.0×10-5） | 17.860 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～4.6×10-3） | 0.890 |
| 统计量 | | 1 610.500 | 0.000 | 1 546.000 | 0.070 | 1 596.000 | 0.000 |
| P | | 0.777 | 1.000 | 0.845 | 0.797 | 0.567 | 1.000 |
| 区域 | | | | | | | |
| 城区 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.4×10-5） | 41.070 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 17.860 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～3.0×10-3） | 0.890 |
| 农村 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 32.140 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.5×10-5） | 14.290 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～8.4×10-3） | 1.780 |
| 统计量 | | 1 747.000 | 2.460 | 1 626.500 | 0.070 | 1 539.000 | 0.000 |
| P | | 0.229 | 0.117 | 0.598 | 0.797 | 0.553 | 1.000 |
| 水样类型 | | | | | | | |
| 出厂水 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.4×10-5） | 44.640 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.2×10-5） | 17.860 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～3.0×10-3） | 0.890 |
| 末梢水 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 28.570 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.5×10-5） | 14.290 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～8.4×10-3） | 1.780 |
| 统计量 | | 1 758.500 | 0.620 | 1 604.000 | 0.070 | 1 539.000 | 0.000 |
| P | | 0.200 | 0.433 | 0.747 | 0.797 | 0.553 | 1.000 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016578449568476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
辽宁省饮用水中污染物时间和空间暴露水平
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 组别 | 样本数 | BPA | NDMA | DBP |
|---|
中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） |
|---|
| 水期 | | | | | | | |
| 枯水期 | 56 | ND | 0.000 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～4.3×10-5） | 16.070 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～3.9×10-2） | 10.710 |
| 丰水期 | 56 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 8.930 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～5.3×10-5） | 35.710 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～2.8×10-2） | 19.640 |
| 统计量 | | 1 428.000 | 3.350 | 1 244.500 | 4.650 | 1 443.500 | 1.110 |
| P | | 0.023 | 0.067 | 0.010 | 0.031 | 0.248 | 0.292 |
| 区域 | | | | | | | |
| 城区 | 56 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～6.0×10-6） | 3.570 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～4.0×10-5） | 30.360 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～3.9×10-2） | 17.860 |
| 农村 | 56 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 5.360 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～5.3×10-5） | 21.430 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～ 1.7×10-2） | 12.500 |
| 统计量 | | 1 538.500 | 0.000 | 1 715 | 2.980 | 1 659.000 | 0.000 |
| P | | 0.637 | 1.000 | 0.270 | 0.084 | 0.399 | 1.000 |
| 水样类型 | | | | | | | |
| 出厂水 | 56 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 5.350 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～5.3×10-5） | 33.930 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～3.9×10-2） | 16.070 |
| 末梢水 | 56 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 3.570 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～4.3×10-5） | 17.860 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～1.4×10-3） | 14.290 |
| 统计量 | | 1 594.500 | 0.000 | 1 840 | 0.740 | 1 613.000 | 0.280 |
| P | | 0.672 | 1.000 | 0.040 | 0.388 | 0.678 | 0.598 |
| 组别 | 样本数 | PFOA | PFOS | CPs |
中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） |
| 水期 | | | | | | | |
| 枯水期 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.4×10-5） | 37.500 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.5×10-5） | 14.290 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～8.4×10-3） | 1.780 |
| 丰水期 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.0×10-5） | 35.710 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.0×10-5） | 17.860 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～4.6×10-3） | 0.890 |
| 统计量 | | 1 610.500 | 0.000 | 1 546.000 | 0.070 | 1 596.000 | 0.000 |
| P | | 0.777 | 1.000 | 0.845 | 0.797 | 0.567 | 1.000 |
| 区域 | | | | | | | |
| 城区 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.4×10-5） | 41.070 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 17.860 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～3.0×10-3） | 0.890 |
| 农村 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 32.140 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.5×10-5） | 14.290 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～8.4×10-3） | 1.780 |
| 统计量 | | 1 747.000 | 2.460 | 1 626.500 | 0.070 | 1 539.000 | 0.000 |
| P | | 0.229 | 0.117 | 0.598 | 0.797 | 0.553 | 1.000 |
| 水样类型 | | | | | | | |
| 出厂水 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.4×10-5） | 44.640 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.2×10-5） | 17.860 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～3.0×10-3） | 0.890 |
| 末梢水 | 56 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 28.570 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.5×10-5） | 14.290 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～8.4×10-3） | 1.780 |
| 统计量 | | 1 758.500 | 0.620 | 1 604.000 | 0.070 | 1 539.000 | 0.000 |
| P | | 0.200 | 0.433 | 0.747 | 0.797 | 0.553 | 1.000 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016578650895081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Exposure levels of pollutants in drinking water from different water sources and treatment measures
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 组别 | 样本数 | BPA | NDMA | DBP |
|---|
中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） |
|---|
| 水源类型 | | | | | | | |
| 地表水 | 68 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 4.410 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～5.3×10-5） | 32.350 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～3.9×10-2） | 22.060 |
| 地下水 | 44 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 4.540 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～2.2×10-5） | 15.910 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～9.6×10-4） | 4.550 |
| 统计量 | | 1 494.000 | 0.000 | 1 758.000 | 2.960 | 1 765.000 | 5.080 |
| P | | 0.980 | 1.000 | 0.043 | 0.086 | 0.010 | 0.024 |
| 水处理方式 | | | | | | | |
| 常规处理 | 72 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 4.170 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～5.3×10-5） | 30.560 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～3.9×10-2） | 16.670 |
| 仅消毒 | 16 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 12.500 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～2.2×10-5） | 31.250 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～9.6×10-4） | 6.250 |
| 未处理 | 24 | ND | 0.000 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～1.8×10-5） | 8.330 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～1.7×10-2） | 16.670 |
| 统计量 | | 3.525 | 3.560 | 4.911 | 4.910 | 1.198 | 1.160 |
| P | | 0.172 | 0.169 | 0.086 | 0.086 | 0.549 | 0.561 |
| 组别 | 样本数 | PFOA | PFOS | CPs |
中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） |
| 水源类型 | | | | | | | |
| 地表水 | 68 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.4×10-5） | 47.060 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 17.650 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～8.4×10-3） | 2.670 |
| 地下水 | 44 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～6.2×10-6） | 20.450 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.5×10-5） | 13.640 | ND | 0.000 |
| 统计量 | | 1 925.000 | 7.040 | 1 554.000 | 0.090 | 1 562.000 | 0.660 |
| P | | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.592 | 0.763 | 0.163 | 0.416 |
| 水处理方式 | | | | | | | |
| 常规处理 | 72 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.4×10-5） | 43.060 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 16.670 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～8.4×10-3） | 2.670 |
| 仅消毒 | 16 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～6.2×10-6） | 25.000 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.5×10-5） | 18.750 | ND | 0.000 |
| 未处理 | 24 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 25.000 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～4.6×10-6） | 12.500 | ND | 0.000 |
| 统计量 | | 2.791 | 3.610 | 0.542 | 0.330 | 1.697 | 1.710 |
| P | | 0.248 | 0.164 | 0.763 | 0.847 | 0.428 | 0.425 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016578780918515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
不同水源和水处理措施饮用水中污染物暴露水平
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 组别 | 样本数 | BPA | NDMA | DBP |
|---|
中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） |
|---|
| 水源类型 | | | | | | | |
| 地表水 | 68 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 4.410 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～5.3×10-5） | 32.350 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～3.9×10-2） | 22.060 |
| 地下水 | 44 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 4.540 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～2.2×10-5） | 15.910 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～9.6×10-4） | 4.550 |
| 统计量 | | 1 494.000 | 0.000 | 1 758.000 | 2.960 | 1 765.000 | 5.080 |
| P | | 0.980 | 1.000 | 0.043 | 0.086 | 0.010 | 0.024 |
| 水处理方式 | | | | | | | |
| 常规处理 | 72 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 4.170 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～5.3×10-5） | 30.560 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～3.9×10-2） | 16.670 |
| 仅消毒 | 16 | 2.5×10-6
（ND～7.0×10-6） | 12.500 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～2.2×10-5） | 31.250 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～9.6×10-4） | 6.250 |
| 未处理 | 24 | ND | 0.000 | 2.5×10-6
(ND～1.8×10-5） | 8.330 | 2.0×10-4
(ND～1.7×10-2） | 16.670 |
| 统计量 | | 3.525 | 3.560 | 4.911 | 4.910 | 1.198 | 1.160 |
| P | | 0.172 | 0.169 | 0.086 | 0.086 | 0.549 | 0.561 |
| 组别 | 样本数 | PFOA | PFOS | CPs |
中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） | 中位数（范围）
（mg/L） | 检出率
（%） |
| 水源类型 | | | | | | | |
| 地表水 | 68 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.4×10-5） | 47.060 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 17.650 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～8.4×10-3） | 2.670 |
| 地下水 | 44 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～6.2×10-6） | 20.450 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.5×10-5） | 13.640 | ND | 0.000 |
| 统计量 | | 1 925.000 | 7.040 | 1 554.000 | 0.090 | 1 562.000 | 0.660 |
| P | | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.592 | 0.763 | 0.163 | 0.416 |
| 水处理方式 | | | | | | | |
| 常规处理 | 72 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.4×10-5） | 43.060 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 16.670 | 1.0×10-3
(ND～8.4×10-3） | 2.670 |
| 仅消毒 | 16 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～6.2×10-6） | 25.000 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.5×10-5） | 18.750 | ND | 0.000 |
| 未处理 | 24 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～1.3×10-5） | 25.000 | 1.5×10-6
(ND～4.6×10-6） | 12.500 | ND | 0.000 |
| 统计量 | | 2.791 | 3.610 | 0.542 | 0.330 | 1.697 | 1.710 |
| P | | 0.248 | 0.164 | 0.763 | 0.847 | 0.428 | 0.425 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016578927719165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=
Health risk assessment of oral intake of drinking water for adults in Liaoning Province
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | HQ值 | CR值 |
|---|
| 男性 | 女性 | 男性 | 女性 |
|---|
| BPA | 1.80×10-6 | 1.80×10-6 | - | - |
| NDMA | - | - | 4.77×10-6 | 4.69×10-6 |
| DBP | 7.49×10-5 | 7.35×10-5 | - | - |
| PFOA | 1.87 | 1.84 | 1.65×10-6 | 1.62×10-6 |
| PFOS | 5.62×10-1 | 5.51×10-1 | 2.22×10-6 | 2.18×10-6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228016579040965380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1228016567917670557, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
辽宁省成人饮用水经口摄入健康风险评估
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | HQ值 | CR值 |
|---|
| 男性 | 女性 | 男性 | 女性 |
|---|
| BPA | 1.80×10-6 | 1.80×10-6 | - | - |
| NDMA | - | - | 4.77×10-6 | 4.69×10-6 |
| DBP | 7.49×10-5 | 7.35×10-5 | - | - |
| PFOA | 1.87 | 1.84 | 1.65×10-6 | 1.62×10-6 |
| PFOS | 5.62×10-1 | 5.51×10-1 | 2.22×10-6 | 2.18×10-6 |
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