Article(id=1311350383151248371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202604196, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1776182400000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579895054, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579895054, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579895054, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579895054, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311350193946194882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='15', pageStart='2689', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579849945, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588319569, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385718195315029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385718195315030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2847, endPage=2853, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350383365157876, articleId=1311350383151248371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effects of butylparaben on intestinal microbiota in zebrafish, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to butylparaben (BuP) on the gut microbiota of adult male zebrafish.

Methods

Four-month-old wild-type AB male zebrafish were randomly divided into a solvent control group(NC), a 2.5 μM BuP group, and a 5 μM BuP group, with 15 fish per group. After 60 days of subchronic exposure, intestinal tissues and contents were collected. Gut microbial diversity, community structure, and functional pathways were analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.

Results

Compared with the NC group, BuP exposure significantly decreased Chao1,ACE, Simpson, and Shannon indices (all P<0.001). β-diversity revealed distinct separation of microbial community structure.At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Fusobacteriota was increased (P<0.001), while Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were decreased (P<0.001). At the genus level, Cetobacterium, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas were enriched (P<0.001), whereas f_Rhodobacteraceae_unclassified and Pedomicrobium were reduced (P<0.001). Functional prediction indicated that BuP exposure disturbed microbial metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism and immune regulation.

Conclusion

Subchronic BuP exposure reduces gut microbial diversity, reshapes community structure, impairs metabolic function, and disrupts intestinal microecological homeostasis in zebrafish.

, authors=Hui YANG1, 3, Meng ZHAO1, 3, Xuan CHEN1, 3, Si-min WANG1, 3, Jia-qi GU1, 3, Si-ying LI1, 3, Ran LU2, 3, Luo YANG1, 2, 3, authorsList=Hui YANG, Meng ZHAO, Xuan CHEN, Si-min WANG, Jia-qi GU, Si-ying LI, Ran LU, Luo YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Luo YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350385009324034, articleId=1311350383151248371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=对羟基苯甲酸丁酯对斑马鱼肠道微生物的影响, columnId=1228016572288135432, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=实验技术及其应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(butylparaben,BuP)亚慢性暴露对成年雄性斑马鱼肠道菌群的影响。

方法

选取4月龄成年野生AB型雄性斑马鱼,随机分为溶剂对照组、2.5μM BuP组、5μM BuP组、每组15尾。经60 d亚慢性暴露后,采集肠道组织及内容物,用16S rRNA高通量测序技术,分析肠道菌群多样性、群落结构及功能通路变化。

结果

与溶剂对照组相比,BuP暴露组Chao1、ACE、Simpson、Shannon指数均明显降低(P<0.001),β多样性显示菌群结构明显分离。在门水平,梭杆菌门(Fusobacteriota)相对丰度升高(P<0.001),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)降低(P<0.001);属水平,鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)相对丰度上升(P<0.001),红杆菌科未分类属(f_Rhodobacteraceae_unclassified)、土微菌属(Pedomicrobium)相对丰度下降(P<0.001)。功能预测表明,BuP暴露可扰动菌群代谢通路,影响脂质代谢及免疫调节等过程。

结论

BuP亚慢性暴露可降低斑马鱼肠道菌群多样性、重构群落结构并干扰代谢功能,破坏肠道微生态稳态。

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杨慧(2000—),女,硕士,无职称,研究方向:健康相关因子的识别与实验研究

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杨罗, E-mail:
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注:A为P2.5 vs. NC差异分析;B为P5 vs. NC差异分析;左侧为各组菌群门水平的平均比例,右侧为两组间的平均比例差值及其95%置信区间(95% CI);P值经FDR进行校正。

, figureFileSmall=GPzB43tnQJGq/S7rkcE/DA==, figureFileBig=N+6lwkTqtTtG/Q8irO7qDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350391036538954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350383151248371, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Bar chart of relative abundance of intestinal microorganisms in each group of zebrafish (top 20 at genus level), figureFileSmall=GYnfYxFqnLT5UQ1Z0ZwryQ==, figureFileBig=PZzEx3PBURnhxG5pBXbVYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350391112036427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350383151248371, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组斑马鱼肠道微生物相对丰度柱状图(属水平排名前20), figureFileSmall=GYnfYxFqnLT5UQ1Z0ZwryQ==, figureFileBig=PZzEx3PBURnhxG5pBXbVYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350391179145292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350383151248371, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Analysis of gut microbial species differences among zebrafish groups (genus level), figureFileSmall=KZv9DIW/ljQKHYQ5+s1VXQ==, figureFileBig=ZMi126CoYZof5brfeBo0NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350391263031373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350383151248371, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各组斑马鱼肠道微生物物种差异分析(属水平)

注:A为P2.5 vs. NC差异分析;B为P5 vs. NC差异分析;左侧为各组菌群属水平的平均比例,右侧为两组间的平均比例差值及其95%置信区间(95% CI);P值经FDR进行校正。

, figureFileSmall=KZv9DIW/ljQKHYQ5+s1VXQ==, figureFileBig=ZMi126CoYZof5brfeBo0NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350391325945934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350383151248371, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Prediction of microbial functions in the intestinal contents of zebrafish in each group, figureFileSmall=9urFEfoTn0uugO1XVI/K7w==, figureFileBig=3F8C5Y61c52fZ/i2YydxEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350391393054799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350383151248371, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各组斑马鱼肠道内容物微生物功能预测

注:A为KEGG_pathway levle2通路;B为KEGG_pathway levle3通路;横坐标为不同的分组,纵坐标为丰度前30的功能。

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对羟基苯甲酸丁酯对斑马鱼肠道微生物的影响
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杨慧 1, 3 , 赵萌 1, 3 , 陈璇 1, 3 , 王思敏 1, 3 , 顾嘉奇 1, 3 , 李思颖 1, 3 , 陆然 2, 3 , 杨罗 1, 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2026,53(15): 2847-2853
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现代预防医学 |实验技术及其应用 2026 , 53 (15) : 2847 -2853
对羟基苯甲酸丁酯对斑马鱼肠道微生物的影响
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杨慧1, 3, 赵萌1, 3, 陈璇1, 3, 王思敏1, 3, 顾嘉奇1, 3, 李思颖1, 3, 陆然2, 3, 杨罗1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1. 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2. 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院泌尿外科/盆底男科,四川 成都 610041
  • 3. 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院医防融合创新与转化研究院,四川 成都 610041
通讯作者:
杨罗, E-mail:
作者简介:

杨慧(2000—),女,硕士,无职称,研究方向:健康相关因子的识别与实验研究

Effects of butylparaben on intestinal microbiota in zebrafish
Hui YANG1, 3, Meng ZHAO1, 3, Xuan CHEN1, 3, Si-min WANG1, 3, Jia-qi GU1, 3, Si-ying LI1, 3, Ran LU2, 3, Luo YANG1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202604196
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目的

探究对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(butylparaben,BuP)亚慢性暴露对成年雄性斑马鱼肠道菌群的影响。

方法

选取4月龄成年野生AB型雄性斑马鱼,随机分为溶剂对照组、2.5μM BuP组、5μM BuP组、每组15尾。经60 d亚慢性暴露后,采集肠道组织及内容物,用16S rRNA高通量测序技术,分析肠道菌群多样性、群落结构及功能通路变化。

结果

与溶剂对照组相比,BuP暴露组Chao1、ACE、Simpson、Shannon指数均明显降低(P<0.001),β多样性显示菌群结构明显分离。在门水平,梭杆菌门(Fusobacteriota)相对丰度升高(P<0.001),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)降低(P<0.001);属水平,鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)相对丰度上升(P<0.001),红杆菌科未分类属(f_Rhodobacteraceae_unclassified)、土微菌属(Pedomicrobium)相对丰度下降(P<0.001)。功能预测表明,BuP暴露可扰动菌群代谢通路,影响脂质代谢及免疫调节等过程。

结论

BuP亚慢性暴露可降低斑马鱼肠道菌群多样性、重构群落结构并干扰代谢功能,破坏肠道微生态稳态。

对羟基苯甲酸丁酯  /  斑马鱼  /  肠道菌群
Objective

To investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to butylparaben (BuP) on the gut microbiota of adult male zebrafish.

Methods

Four-month-old wild-type AB male zebrafish were randomly divided into a solvent control group(NC), a 2.5 μM BuP group, and a 5 μM BuP group, with 15 fish per group. After 60 days of subchronic exposure, intestinal tissues and contents were collected. Gut microbial diversity, community structure, and functional pathways were analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.

Results

Compared with the NC group, BuP exposure significantly decreased Chao1,ACE, Simpson, and Shannon indices (all P<0.001). β-diversity revealed distinct separation of microbial community structure.At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Fusobacteriota was increased (P<0.001), while Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were decreased (P<0.001). At the genus level, Cetobacterium, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas were enriched (P<0.001), whereas f_Rhodobacteraceae_unclassified and Pedomicrobium were reduced (P<0.001). Functional prediction indicated that BuP exposure disturbed microbial metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism and immune regulation.

Conclusion

Subchronic BuP exposure reduces gut microbial diversity, reshapes community structure, impairs metabolic function, and disrupts intestinal microecological homeostasis in zebrafish.

Butylparaben  /  Zebrafish  /  Gut microbiota
杨慧, 赵萌, 陈璇, 王思敏, 顾嘉奇, 李思颖, 陆然, 杨罗. 对羟基苯甲酸丁酯对斑马鱼肠道微生物的影响. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (15) : 2847 -2853 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202604196
Hui YANG, Meng ZHAO, Xuan CHEN, Si-min WANG, Jia-qi GU, Si-ying LI, Ran LU, Luo YANG. Effects of butylparaben on intestinal microbiota in zebrafish[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (15) : 2847 -2853 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202604196
对羟基苯甲酸酯类(parabens, PBs, 又称尼泊金酯)是一类广谱高效抗菌防腐剂,广泛应用于食品、化妆品、医药及个人护理品等领域,人群存在长期低剂量持续暴露的风险[1-2]。因其具有环境持久性与生物富集性,该类物质已在全球多地水体、沉积物及生物样本中被检出,成为备受关注的新型环境污染物[3-5]。目前PBs毒理学研究多集中于对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(methylparaben, MeP)、乙酯(ethylparaben, EtP)等短链同系物,而对碳链更长、脂溶性更高、生物富集潜力更强的对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(butylparaben, BuP)研究相对不足[6-9]。BuP在环境与生物体内更难降解,且具有潜在内分泌干扰效应,可对生物体产生多维度毒性[10-11]。鉴于BuP日常应用场景广泛、环境暴露途径多元,开展其生物毒性及作用机制研究,对完善长链PBs人体与生物健康风险评估、规范其应用管控具有重要理论价值。
肠道微生物群作为宿主与环境交互的关键界面,通过参与营养代谢、免疫调控及屏障功能维持,对宿主生理稳态发挥核心调控作用[12-13]。有人群研究表明,肠道菌群可介导环境暴露对人体健康的长期影响[14-16]。斑马鱼饲养便捷、肠道菌群与哺乳动物高度同源,是开展环境污染物健康毒理与微生态机制的理想模式生物[17-20]。16S rRNA高通量测序可高效解析微生物群落多样性、组成结构与功能通路变化,为揭示外源污染物对肠道微生态的影响提供了重要技术支撑[21-23]。现有相关研究多采用28 d亚急性暴露开展PBs毒性评价,难以真实反映长期低剂量亚慢性暴露下的机体损伤效应;且已有研究多聚焦短链PBs对斑马鱼肠道微生态的干扰[24-25],针对长链同系物BuP的亚慢性长期暴露研究相对缺乏,其对肠道微生物群落多样性、结构组成及功能代谢的影响尚不明确。
基于此,本研究以成年雄性斑马鱼为模式生物,突破现有28 d常规暴露时长,适当延长暴露周期,构建BuP亚慢性暴露模型,结合16S rRNA高通量测序系统探究BuP对斑马鱼肠道微生物群落结构与功能的影响,旨在从肠道微生态角度补充长链PBs亚慢性长期暴露的毒理学基础数据,填补BuP延长暴露条件下健康风险研究的空白,为科学评价BuP的长期健康危害效应提供实验依据与理论支撑。
多样品组织研磨仪(上海净信实业发展有限公司,中国);NanoDrop微量紫外分光光度计(Thermo Fisher Scientific,美国);电泳仪(北京六一仪器厂,中国);凝胶成像系统(北京百晶生物技术有限公司,中国);PCR 扩增仪(Applied Biosystems, 美国);酶标仪(BioTek Instruments, Inc.,美国)。
本研究选用性成熟野生AB型斑马鱼为实验动物,月龄约4个月,购于南京一树梨花生物科技有限公司,共计45只。所有斑马鱼的饲养和实验操作均严格遵循四川大学华西第二医院实验动物管理与伦理委员会相关指南(伦理审批号:No. 2024-071)。斑马鱼饲养环境设置为14 h光照/10 h黑暗的明暗交替周期、温度控制在(28±0.5)°C。暴露实验前,将斑马鱼置于饲养缸中驯养1周以适应环境,养殖用水采用经活性炭过滤净化且完全充氧的自来水,每日投喂新鲜孵化的丰年虾2次。
参考相关文献报道的BuP暴露浓度[26],本实验设置2.5 μMBuP暴露组(P2.5组)和5 μM BuP暴露组(P5组),以二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)为溶剂配制浓度为1 M的BuP母液,实验过程中稀释至目标浓度。暴露容器采用10 L饲养缸,每缸加入6 L暴露溶液;每个处理组(0.001%DMSO,2.5 μM BuP组、5μM BuP组)随机分配15条雄性斑马鱼,暴露时长为60 d。暴露期间每两天更换一次暴露溶液,以维持药物浓度恒定,饲养条件与驯养期间保持一致。
60 d BuP暴露实验结束后,解剖各组斑马鱼,收集肠道组织及其内容物,液氮速冻后转移至-80°C冰箱冷冻保存,用于后续实验。
每尾斑马鱼肠道及内容物湿重约10 ~ 15 mg,为保证DNA产量与测序质量,每3尾同组斑马鱼肠道组织及内容物混合为1个生物学重复。其中溶剂对照组(NC)组、2.5 μM BuP组各设4个生物学重复(n=4),5 μM BuP组设3个生物学重复(n=3)。所有样本均于无菌低温条件下解剖取材,液氮速冻后-80℃保存。取各组保存的混合样本,采用MagBeads FastDNA Kit for Soil试剂盒(MP Biomedicals,California, USA)提取样品总基因组DNA,通过0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA完整性,核酸纯度与完整性质控合格后方可用于后续高通量测序建库。以提取的总DNA为模板,针对细菌16S rRNA基因V3 -V4可变区进行PCR扩增,随后构建测序文库;文库经质量检测与定量合格后,稀释混样后上机进行高通量测序。测序原始数据下机后,首先进行数据质控,通过序列拼接、过滤和去嵌合体,得到优化序列,经降噪处理,得到扩增子序列变异(amplicon sequence variants, ASVs);以ASVs作为分类特征构建物种丰度表,用于后续α多样性分析、β多样性分析及样本间微生物群落结构差异分析等。本研究中肠道微生物DNA提取、16S rRNA基因测序工作由江苏三黍生物科技有限公司完成,数据分析依托该公司云平台开展。
所有数据统计分析及可视化绘图均采用R 4.2.3软件完成。计量资料以(均数±标准差)表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,事后与对照组的两两比较采用 Dunnett 检验。多重比较校正采用错误发现率(false discovery rate,FDR)法,所有统计检验均为双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
各组斑马鱼肠道内容物的微生物,涵盖11个门、15个纲、39个目、62个科、82个属、89个种以及224个ASVs。
各组斑马鱼肠道微生物α多样性指数比较见图1。各组斑马鱼在Chao1指数、ACE指数、Simpson指数、Shannon指数均存在差异且有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与NC相比,BuP暴露组的α多样性指数均明显下降,表明BuP暴露降低了斑马鱼肠道微生物的物种丰富度与多样性。
基于加权UniFrac距离的主坐标分析(principal coordinates analysis,PCoA)分析结果见图2, P2.5组、P5组样本均远离NC组聚集区域,表明BuP暴露改变了斑马鱼肠道微生物的群落结构。
门水平肠道微生物相对丰度柱状图见图3,组间差异分析结果见图4。NC组斑马鱼肠道微生物菌群结构均衡,以梭杆菌门(Fusobacteriota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)为核心优势菌门,三者总丰度占比超80%,符合斑马鱼肠道典型群落特征。其中变形菌门丰度最高(约40%),梭杆菌门与放线菌门丰度相近(20%~25%)。经BuP暴露后,肠道菌群在门水平发生剧烈重构。梭杆菌门成为各暴露组绝对优势菌门,P2.5组相对丰度升至约72%,P5组约65%(P<0.001);变形菌门丰度整体下降分别约为25%和30%,成为第二优势菌门(P<0.001);放线菌门丰度显著降低,两组均降至5%以下(P<0.001)。此外,NC组中丰度较低的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),在P2.5组中降低(P<0.001)。
属水平肠道微生物相对丰度柱状图见图5,组间差异分析见图6。NC组中梭杆菌门的鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)相对丰度最高,约25%,各菌属丰度分布相对均匀。BuP 暴露后,属水平菌群结构发生显著改变:鲸杆菌属丰度大幅升高,P2.5组达70%以上,P5组超60%,成为绝对优势菌属(P<0.001);变形菌门的气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas) 丰度上升,P2.5组气单胞菌属、P5组邻单胞菌属丰度均升至20%左右(均P<0.001);NC组优势菌属红杆菌科未分类属(f_Rhodobacteraceae_unclassified)、土微菌属(Pedomicrobium)在BuP暴露组中丰度降低(P<0.001);P5组希瓦菌属(Shewanella)轻度富集(P<0.001)。
采用PICRUSt2进行肠道菌群的功能预测分析,结果见图7。BuP 暴露可通过改变肠道菌群组成,扰动斑马鱼肠道微生物的京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genoms,KEGG)功能通路。
NC组能量代谢、转运与分解代谢、信号转导、氨基酸及脂质代谢等通路丰度较高,维持正常生理功能稳态,见图7。P2.5组萜类与聚酮类代谢、细胞生长和死亡、其他次生代谢物生物合成等应激相关通路上调(P<0.05),而能量代谢、信号转导、氨基酸代谢、细胞运动等核心代谢通路出现下调(P<0.05),表明2.5 μM BuP已引发肠道菌群的应激响应与代谢重编程。P5组碳水化合物代谢、膜转运、环境适应、细菌性传染病、消化系统、翻译、复制与修复及聚糖代谢等通路上调(P<0.05),同时氨基酸代谢、其他次生代谢物生物合成等通路下调(P<0.05),提示5 μM BuP在抑制菌群基础代谢功能的同时,激活应激防御与炎症相关通路,破坏肠道菌群功能稳态。
与NC组相比,P2.5组和P5组中酮体合成与降解通路均下调(P<0.05),提示能量底物代谢紊乱;核糖体、错配修复、氨酰-tRNA生物合成(P2.5组差异无统计学意义)等蛋白合成与 DNA 修复通路上调(P<0.05),表明菌群启动损伤修复机制;糖酵解/糖异生、脂肪酸合成、脂多糖合成等能量代谢与细胞壁合成通路上调(P<0.05),万古霉素、链霉素等抗菌物质合成通路激活,进一步说明肠道微生物在BuP暴露下通过增强能量供应、强化细胞壁防御及合成抗菌物质等方式启动应激防御,并可能伴随炎症通路活化。
本研究采用16S rRNA高通量测序,探索了BuP亚慢性暴露对成年雄性斑马鱼肠道微生物群落的影响。BuP作为环境污染物,可通过药物、食物、化妆品等途径进入人体[2,5],其对斑马鱼肠道菌群的干扰效应,可为揭示BuP对人体肠道微生态的潜在危害提供参考。结果显示,BuP可改变肠道菌群结构与功能,破坏微生态稳态,这与PBs化合物对水生生物肠道菌群的广谱干扰效应一致[25,27]。
BuP暴露明显降低斑马鱼肠道微生物α多样性,与已有研究报道的PBs降低鱼类肠道微生物多样性、重构菌群结构的结果相符[24-25]。肠道微生态稳态是人体消化吸收、免疫防御的重要基础,斑马鱼菌群多样性下降与群落异质性增加,会降低肠道微生态稳定性与抗干扰能力[28]。P5 组α多样性指数较P2.5组略有回升,呈现非单调剂量-效应关系。这一现象可能源于低浓度BuP处于诱导菌群应激敏感的剂量窗口,而较高浓度下微生物群落激活了代偿性适应机制,耐受菌优势生长形成新的稳定群落,从而缓冲了多样性的进一步下降。提示BuP对肠道菌群多样性的干扰在该剂量范围内可能存在效应平台期,但两组均显著低于对照组。同时16S rRNA测序的局限性可能影响多样性差异判断。
在群落组成上,BuP暴露导致菌门与菌属水平发生特异性改变。梭杆菌门鲸杆菌属显著富集,可能通过生态位竞争破坏菌群平衡;放线菌门、红杆菌科未分类属等优势菌丰度下降,可能损伤肠道功能[28]。同时,变形菌门中气单胞菌属、邻单胞菌属等条件致病菌富集,P5组还出现希瓦菌属富集,提示肠道屏障与免疫风险增加[4,21]。上述菌群及功能改变,可为解析BuP肠道损伤微生态机制提供相关证据。
功能预测表明,BuP通过改变菌群结构引发功能通路重编程。2.5 μM BuP处理下,微生物应激通路上调而核心代谢下调,表现为适应性响应[21];5 μM BuP下基础代谢受抑,炎症与应激通路过度激活,提示微生物稳态严重紊乱。该结果与Zhu等[29]报道环境内分泌干扰物激活肠道炎症通路一致:脂多糖与抗菌物质合成通路上调可促进炎症因子释放,经“微生物- 肠道”轴诱发肠道炎症[29];酮体合成与降解通路下调则导致微生物能量代谢偏移、营养转化效率降低,进而影响宿主能量供应与营养吸收[28]。且万古霉素、链霉素抗菌合成通路的激活,提示BuP持续暴露或可富集耐药相关菌群,可能逐步降低临床一线抗生素的治疗效能[30-31]。此外,蛋白合成与DNA修复通路上调,从侧面证实BuP对肠道微生物存在毒性损伤,这也是其扰动肠道微生态的重要机制之一。
本研究以斑马鱼为模式生物,借助其与哺乳动物肠道菌群高度同源的特点[17-20],揭示BuP对肠道微生态的潜在健康风险,为人类暴露风险外推与环境安全管理提供基础数据。BuP暴露可导致肠道菌群多样性下降、条件致病菌富集、代谢与免疫通路紊乱,可破坏肠道屏障与稳态,增加宿主易感性;虽不直接致死,但会降低宿主生存适合度、繁殖能力及抗逆能力,长期可影响种群稳定性,具备明确的生态与健康风险意义。值得注意的是,BuP作为广泛应用的防腐剂[1-2],其固有抗菌特性,使其对受试动物肠道微生物群落结构的干扰这一结果并不意外。BuP 日常广泛应用可能带来人群长期低剂量暴露,对肠道微生态系统形成直接且慢性的暴露,长期来看或将危害人体健康。
本研究亦存在明显局限性,如仅采用16S rRNA测序,物种分辨率与基因组信息有限;功能预测基于PICRUSt2,存在一定推断误差,后续需结合宏基因组/代谢组验证;仅关注成年雄性斑马鱼,不同性别、发育阶段的响应差异仍需探索。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202604196
  • 接收时间:2026-04-15
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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四川省留学回国人员科技活动项目择优资助入选项目(川人社函〔2025〕755)
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    1. 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2. 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院泌尿外科/盆底男科,四川 成都 610041
    3. 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院医防融合创新与转化研究院,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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