Article(id=1311350001058538272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603433, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1774713600000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579803957, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579803957, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579803957, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579803957, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349919793905738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579784582, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588408144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2163, endPage=2172, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350001255670562, articleId=1311350001058538272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effects and mechanisms of Periplaneta americana extract on ameliorating silica-induced lung tissue injury in mice, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the ameliorative effect and underlying molecular mechanism of Periplaneta americana extract (PAK) on silica-induced lung tissue injury in mice, so as to provide ideas and experimental evidence for the prevention and treatment of silicosis.

Methods

A silica-induced mouse model of silicosis was established. Using in vivo animal experiments combined with pathological staining, immunohistochemistry, toxicological evaluation of major organs, transcriptome sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and 16S ribosomal DNA high-throughput sequencing, we systematically evaluated the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of Periplaneta americana extract in ameliorating silica-induced pulmonary lesions.

Results

At the experimental dose of 400 mg/kg/d, PAK alleviated inflammatory injury and collagen deposition in lung tissue of mouse models, and downregulated the expression of fibrosis-related proteins, with no obvious organ toxicity observed at this dose. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PAK targeted 149 silica-induced toxicological genes, which were mainly enriched in inflammatory pathways such as the IL-17 pathway. Further qRTPCR assays confirmed that PAK inhibited the Il17a/f mediated inflammatory pathway and downregulated the expression of Tnf-α, Il6 and other proinflammatory factors. Meanwhile, PAK increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria including Akkermansia, and ameliorated intestinal flora dysbiosis in silicosis mice, which may be associated with the attenuation of lung tissue damage.

Conclusion

PAK can inhibit the IL17 signaling pathway and improve intestinal flora, thereby alleviating silicainduced pulmonary inflammation and injury, which provides a reference for further research on PAK and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pneumoconiosis.

, authors=Xue-mei TAN1, Tang-fei GUAN1, Ze-hao ZHANG1, Gang LIU3, Xiao LONG3, Yu-qin YAO1, Ting-ting YAN2, Li-jun PENG1, authorsList=Xue-mei TAN, Tang-fei GUAN, Ze-hao ZHANG, Gang LIU, Xiao LONG, Yu-qin YAO, Ting-ting YAN, Li-jun PENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ting-ting YAN, Li-jun PENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350004489478961, articleId=1311350001058538272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=美洲大蠊提取物改善二氧化硅诱导的小鼠肺组织损伤的作用与机制研究, columnId=1228016571273113811, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=环境与职业卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

本研究旨在探究美洲大蠊提取物(PAK)对二氧化硅诱导的小鼠肺组织损伤的改善作用和潜在分子作用机制,为矽肺的防治研究提供思路与实验依据。

方法

构建二氧化硅诱导的矽肺小鼠模型,通过体内动物实验,结合病理染色、免疫组化、主要脏器毒理学评价、转录组测序、定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR)及16S rDNA高通路测序,系统评价美洲大蠊提取物改善矽肺样病变的作用和潜在机制。

结果

PAK在实验剂量(400 mg/kg/d)下可缓解小鼠模型肺组织炎性损伤及胶原沉积,下调纤维化相关蛋白表达;在该剂量下未观察到明显的脏器毒副作用。转录组检测结果显示PAK可作用149个矽尘引起的毒理基因,多富集于IL-17等炎症相关通路,进一步qRT-PCR实验证实PAK可抑制Il17a/f介导的炎性通路,下调Tnf-a、Il6等因子表达。同时,PAK可上调阿克曼氏菌属等有益菌丰度,改善矽肺模型小鼠肠道菌群失调,这可能与改善肺组织损伤有关。

结论

PAK可抑制IL-17信号通路和改善肠道菌群,缓解矽尘引起的肺组织炎性和损伤,为PAK的进一步研究及尘肺病的临床诊疗提供参考。

, authors=谭雪梅1, 管堂飞1, 张泽昊1, 刘刚3, 龙晓3, 姚于勤1, 晏婷婷2, 彭莉君1, authorsList=谭雪梅, 管堂飞, 张泽昊, 刘刚, 龙晓, 姚于勤, 晏婷婷, 彭莉君, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=晏婷婷, 彭莉君, authorNote=

谭雪梅(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生与环境卫生学

, correspAuthorsNote=
彭莉君和晏婷婷为共同通讯作者。
彭莉君,E-mail:
晏婷婷,E-mail:
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谭雪梅(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生与环境卫生学

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谭雪梅(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生与环境卫生学

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Phytomedicine, 2024, 135: 156238., articleTitle=Green tea polyphenol alleviates silica particle-induced lung injury by suppressing IL-17/NF-κB p65 signaling-driven inflammation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350015788934044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=16, issue=2, pageStart=2225, pageEnd=2232, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Li TJ, Zhao LL, Qiu J, journalName=Molecular Medicine Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li TJ, Zhao LL, Qiu J, et al. Interleukin-17 antagonist attenuates lung inflammation through inhibition of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced acute lung injury[J]. Molecular Medicine Reports, 2017, 16(2): 2225-2232., articleTitle=Interleukin-17 antagonist attenuates lung inflammation through inhibition of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced acute lung injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350015856042909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=21, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Nie YJ, Wu SH, Xuan YH, journalName=Mil Med Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nie YJ, Wu SH, Xuan YH, et al. Role of IL-17 family cytokines in the progression of IPF from inflammation to fibrosis[J]. Mil Med Res, 2022, 9(1): 21., articleTitle=Role of IL-17 family cytokines in the progression of IPF from inflammation to fibrosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350015931540382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=902, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Jin F, Li Y, Gao X, journalName=Sci Total Environ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jin F, Li Y, Gao X, et al. Exercise training inhibits macrophage-derived IL-17A-CXCL5-CXCR2 inflammatory axis to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in mice exposed to silica[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2023, 902: 166443., articleTitle=Exercise training inhibits macrophage-derived IL-17A-CXCL5-CXCR2 inflammatory axis to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in mice exposed to silica, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350016007037855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=59, issue=22, pageStart=10826, pageEnd=10840, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Ma H, Dong Z, Zhang X, journalName=Environmental Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma H, Dong Z, Zhang X, et al. Microbial dysbiosis in the lung and gut in response to inhalable particulate matters in pneumoconiosis patients and animals[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2025, 59(22): 10826-10840., articleTitle=Microbial dysbiosis in the lung and gut in response to inhalable particulate matters in pneumoconiosis patients and animals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350016174810016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=26, issue=10, pageStart=1645, pageEnd=1659, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Iliev ID, Blander JM, Collins N, journalName=Nature Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Iliev ID, Blander JM, Collins N, et al. Microbiota-mediated mechanisms of mucosal immunity across the lifespan[J]. Nature Immunology, 2025, 26(10): 1645-1659., articleTitle=Microbiota-mediated mechanisms of mucosal immunity across the lifespan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350016258696097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Huang W, Geng Y, Gong J, journalName=Front Cell Infect Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang W, Geng Y, Gong J, et al. The impact of IL-17A inhibitors on scalp and gut microbiota in psoriasis[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2025, 15: 1623003., articleTitle=The impact of IL-17A inhibitors on scalp and gut microbiota in psoriasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350016329999266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=44, issue=3, pageStart=659, pageEnd=671, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Kumar P, Monin L, Castillo P, journalName=Immunity, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kumar P, Monin L, Castillo P, et al. Intestinal interleukin-17 receptor signaling mediates reciprocal control of the gut microbiota and autoimmune inflammation[J]. Immunity, 2016, 44(3): 659-671., articleTitle=Intestinal interleukin-17 receptor signaling mediates reciprocal control of the gut microbiota and autoimmune inflammation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350017940612003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=12, issue=38, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Yao Y, Pei Z, Dai Y, journalName=Adv Sci (Weinh), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao Y, Pei Z, Dai Y, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila-derived n-acetylspermidine modulates the localization of intestinal α1,2-fucosylated proteins to maintain gut homeostasis[J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2025, 12(38): e06576., articleTitle=Akkermansia muciniphila-derived n-acetylspermidine modulates the localization of intestinal α1,2-fucosylated proteins to maintain gut homeostasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350018053858212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=3, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Zhong S, Sun YQ, Huo JX, journalName=Imeta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhong S, Sun YQ, Huo JX, et al. The gut microbiota-aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) axis mediates the anticolitic effect of polyphenol-rich extracts from sanghuangporus[J]. Imeta, 2024, 3(2): e180., articleTitle=The gut microbiota-aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) axis mediates the anticolitic effect of polyphenol-rich extracts from sanghuangporus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350018146132901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=1385, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Grabinger T, Glaus Garzon JF, Hausmann M, journalName=Front Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Grabinger T, Glaus Garzon JF, Hausmann M, et al. Alleviation of intestinal inflammation by oral supplementation with 2-fucosyllactose in mice[J]. Front Microbiol, 2019, 10: 1385., articleTitle=Alleviation of intestinal inflammation by oral supplementation with 2-fucosyllactose in mice, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350010730603386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, awardId=U23A20495; 82373548, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(U23A20495; 82373548), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311350010856432507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, awardId=2026NSFSC0586; 2026NSFSC0587, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2026NSFSC0586; 2026NSFSC0587), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311350010923541372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, awardId=2025ZD-S-20, language=CN, fundingSource=攀枝花市指导性科技计划项目(2025ZD-S-20), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350004745331506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350004753720115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, companyId=1311350004745331506, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350004762108724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, companyId=1311350004745331506, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350004862772021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350004871160630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, companyId=1311350004862772021, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.美洲大蠊与创新药四川省重点实验室,四川好医生攀西药业有限责任公司)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350004955046711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350004963435320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, companyId=1311350004955046711, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.攀枝花市第一人民医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350009510060908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=PAK ameliorates silica-induced mouse lung injury, figureFileSmall=t5igWcCXCzmWE/sbEzkz0w==, figureFileBig=6VAxfFSBmeVcKrtqbPPaww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350009593946989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PAK改善二氧化硅诱导的小鼠肺组织损伤

注:A为实验设计流程图;B和C为各组小鼠在1周和12周的肺重系数统计分析;D和F为各组小鼠肺组织在1周和12周的HE染色结果(放大倍数为1×和20×);E和G为基于HE染色结果的肺组织炎症评分量化分析;H和J为各组小鼠肺组织在1周和12周的Masson染色结果(放大倍数为1×和20×);I和K为基于Masson染色结果的肺组织胶原容积分数定量分析。****表示与模型组相比,P<0.000 1;***表示与模型组相比,P<0.001;**表示与模型组相比,P<0.01;*表示与模型组相比,P<0.05;ns表示与模型组相比,P>0.05。

, figureFileSmall=t5igWcCXCzmWE/sbEzkz0w==, figureFileBig=6VAxfFSBmeVcKrtqbPPaww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350009791079278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of PAK intervention on body weight and major organs in mice, figureFileSmall=admuxe54f7vGD3zkqXP18g==, figureFileBig=2OZOK0kJ+tIBgiMbnWH90Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350009870771055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PAK干预对小鼠体重及主要脏器的影响

注:A和B为各组小鼠在1周和12周实验期间的体重变化曲线;C为各组小鼠在1周和12周的心、肝、脾和肾脏器系数统计分析;D-G为各组小鼠在1周和12周时心、肝、脾和肾组织的HE染色结果(放大倍数为20×)。

, figureFileSmall=admuxe54f7vGD3zkqXP18g==, figureFileBig=2OZOK0kJ+tIBgiMbnWH90Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350009937879920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=PAK reduces silica-induced extracellular matrix deposition in mouse lung tissue, figureFileSmall=6Pku/FN7k5CJwpgMYSzk7w==, figureFileBig=5kcV5z+gH94ADu4x1bFK0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350010009183089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=CN, label=图3, caption=PAK减轻二氧化硅诱导的小鼠肺组织细胞外基质沉积

注:A-H为各组小鼠在1周时肺组织中α-SMA、CollagenⅠ、Collagen Ⅲ和Fibronectin的免疫组化染色结果(放大倍数为1×和40×)及定量分析;I-P为各组小鼠在12周时肺组织中α-SMA、CollagenⅠ、Collagen Ⅲ和Fibronectin的免疫组化染色结果及定量分析。****表示与模型组相比,P<0.000 1;***表示与模型组相比,P<0.001;**表示与模型组相比,P<0.01;*表示与模型组相比,P<0.05;ns表示与模型组相比,P>0.05。

, figureFileSmall=6Pku/FN7k5CJwpgMYSzk7w==, figureFileBig=5kcV5z+gH94ADu4x1bFK0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350010072097650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Transcriptome sequencing analysis of lung tissue from silicosis mice after PAK intervention, figureFileSmall=UbXHqDSMUHKcBgaZ0sKXXQ==, figureFileBig=uI00/feh/VVL4teU2ecfzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350010164372339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PAK干预矽肺小鼠肺组织的转录组测序分析

注:A, B为1周、12周各组小鼠肺组织样本的PCA分析图;C-F为1周和12周组间比较的差异表达基因火山图;G为1周、12周差异表达基因的韦恩图,筛选得到149个PAK干预后共同回调的关键基因;H为关键基因的GO功能富集分析气泡图;I为关键基因的KEGG通路富集分析气泡图。

, figureFileSmall=UbXHqDSMUHKcBgaZ0sKXXQ==, figureFileBig=uI00/feh/VVL4teU2ecfzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350010227286900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of PAK on the expression of IL-17 signaling pathway-related genes in the lung tissue of silicosis mice, figureFileSmall=F8vwMGDBU1ysYkOK+cMnBw==, figureFileBig=j9/uypWSjhyOwGquIFmJ6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350010286007157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=CN, label=图5, caption=PAK对矽肺小鼠肺组织IL-17信号通路相关基因表达的影响

注:A为实验设计流程图;B-D为各组小鼠1周、4周和8周肺组织Il17a的mRNA相对表达量;E-J为各组小鼠1周和4周肺组织Il17b、Il17c和Il17e的mRNA相对表达量;K-M为各组小鼠1周、4周和8周肺组织Il17f的mRNA相对表达量。N-S为各组小鼠1周、4周和8周肺组织促炎因子Tnf-α和Il6的mRNA相对表达量。****表示与模型组相比,P<0.000 1;***表示与模型组相比,P<0.001;**表示与模型组相比,P<0.01;*表示与模型组相比,P<0.05;ns表示与模型组相比,P>0.05。

, figureFileSmall=F8vwMGDBU1ysYkOK+cMnBw==, figureFileBig=j9/uypWSjhyOwGquIFmJ6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350010374087542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of PAK on the structure and diversity of intestinal microbiota in silicotic mice, figureFileSmall=0Y2gOPFfc882d0JetVOmQQ==, figureFileBig=CVbTKqyUbAPaxe31WqYmrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350010445390711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=CN, label=图6, caption=PAK对矽肺小鼠肠道菌群结构与多样性的影响

注:A:各组小鼠肠道菌群ASV数量的韦恩图;B-D为α多样性分析;E-F为PCA与NMDS分析;G为Anosim分析;H和K为门、属水平菌群组成堆叠图;I、J、L和M为差异菌属相对丰度;N为分类学气泡图;O和P为LEfSe分析图;Q为差异菌属与肺部炎症因子的相关性热图。**表示与模型组相比,P<0.01;*表示与模型组相比,P<0.05;ns表示与模型组相比,P>0.05。

, figureFileSmall=0Y2gOPFfc882d0JetVOmQQ==, figureFileBig=CVbTKqyUbAPaxe31WqYmrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350010525082488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequence (5’-3’)
Il17aForwardTTTAACTCCCTTGGCGCAAAA
ReverseCTTTCCCTCCGCATTGACAC
Il17bForwardCACCCCCGGAACACCAAAG
ReverseCATACTCTTCCATTCGAGCGTAG
Il17cForwardCTCCTGCTTCTAGGCTGGTTG
ReverseCCACCTGGCACTTCGAGTTAG
Il17eForwardACAGGGACTTGAATCGGGTC
ReverseTGGTAAAGTGGGACGGAGTTG
Il17fForwardTGCTACTGTTGATGTTGGGAC
ReverseAATGCCCTGGTTTTGGTTGAA
Tnf-αForwardTTGCTCTGTGAAGGGAATGG
ReverseGGCTCTGAGGAGTAGACAATAAAG
Il6ForwardCTTCCATCCAGTTGCCTTCT
ReverseCTCCGACTTGTGAAGTGGTATAG
β-actinForwardGAGGTATCCTGACCCTGAAGTA
ReverseCACACGCAGCTCATTGTAGA
), ArticleFig(id=1311350010596385657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350001058538272, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequence (5’-3’)
Il17aForwardTTTAACTCCCTTGGCGCAAAA
ReverseCTTTCCCTCCGCATTGACAC
Il17bForwardCACCCCCGGAACACCAAAG
ReverseCATACTCTTCCATTCGAGCGTAG
Il17cForwardCTCCTGCTTCTAGGCTGGTTG
ReverseCCACCTGGCACTTCGAGTTAG
Il17eForwardACAGGGACTTGAATCGGGTC
ReverseTGGTAAAGTGGGACGGAGTTG
Il17fForwardTGCTACTGTTGATGTTGGGAC
ReverseAATGCCCTGGTTTTGGTTGAA
Tnf-αForwardTTGCTCTGTGAAGGGAATGG
ReverseGGCTCTGAGGAGTAGACAATAAAG
Il6ForwardCTTCCATCCAGTTGCCTTCT
ReverseCTCCGACTTGTGAAGTGGTATAG
β-actinForwardGAGGTATCCTGACCCTGAAGTA
ReverseCACACGCAGCTCATTGTAGA
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美洲大蠊提取物改善二氧化硅诱导的小鼠肺组织损伤的作用与机制研究
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谭雪梅 1 , 管堂飞 1 , 张泽昊 1 , 刘刚 3 , 龙晓 3 , 姚于勤 1 , 晏婷婷 2 , 彭莉君 1
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2026,53(12): 2163-2172
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现代预防医学 |环境与职业卫生 2026 , 53 (12) : 2163 -2172
美洲大蠊提取物改善二氧化硅诱导的小鼠肺组织损伤的作用与机制研究
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谭雪梅1, 管堂飞1, 张泽昊1, 刘刚3, 龙晓3, 姚于勤1, 晏婷婷2 , 彭莉君1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.美洲大蠊与创新药四川省重点实验室,四川好医生攀西药业有限责任公司
  • 3.攀枝花市第一人民医院
通讯作者:
彭莉君和晏婷婷为共同通讯作者。
彭莉君,E-mail:
晏婷婷,E-mail:
作者简介:

谭雪梅(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:劳动卫生与环境卫生学

Effects and mechanisms of Periplaneta americana extract on ameliorating silica-induced lung tissue injury in mice
Xue-mei TAN1, Tang-fei GUAN1, Ze-hao ZHANG1, Gang LIU3, Xiao LONG3, Yu-qin YAO1, Ting-ting YAN2 , Li-jun PENG1
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603433
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目的

本研究旨在探究美洲大蠊提取物(PAK)对二氧化硅诱导的小鼠肺组织损伤的改善作用和潜在分子作用机制,为矽肺的防治研究提供思路与实验依据。

方法

构建二氧化硅诱导的矽肺小鼠模型,通过体内动物实验,结合病理染色、免疫组化、主要脏器毒理学评价、转录组测序、定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR)及16S rDNA高通路测序,系统评价美洲大蠊提取物改善矽肺样病变的作用和潜在机制。

结果

PAK在实验剂量(400 mg/kg/d)下可缓解小鼠模型肺组织炎性损伤及胶原沉积,下调纤维化相关蛋白表达;在该剂量下未观察到明显的脏器毒副作用。转录组检测结果显示PAK可作用149个矽尘引起的毒理基因,多富集于IL-17等炎症相关通路,进一步qRT-PCR实验证实PAK可抑制Il17a/f介导的炎性通路,下调Tnf-a、Il6等因子表达。同时,PAK可上调阿克曼氏菌属等有益菌丰度,改善矽肺模型小鼠肠道菌群失调,这可能与改善肺组织损伤有关。

结论

PAK可抑制IL-17信号通路和改善肠道菌群,缓解矽尘引起的肺组织炎性和损伤,为PAK的进一步研究及尘肺病的临床诊疗提供参考。

矽肺  /  肺炎与肺纤维化  /  IL-17信号通路  /  肠道菌群  /  美洲大蠊提取物
Objective

To investigate the ameliorative effect and underlying molecular mechanism of Periplaneta americana extract (PAK) on silica-induced lung tissue injury in mice, so as to provide ideas and experimental evidence for the prevention and treatment of silicosis.

Methods

A silica-induced mouse model of silicosis was established. Using in vivo animal experiments combined with pathological staining, immunohistochemistry, toxicological evaluation of major organs, transcriptome sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and 16S ribosomal DNA high-throughput sequencing, we systematically evaluated the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of Periplaneta americana extract in ameliorating silica-induced pulmonary lesions.

Results

At the experimental dose of 400 mg/kg/d, PAK alleviated inflammatory injury and collagen deposition in lung tissue of mouse models, and downregulated the expression of fibrosis-related proteins, with no obvious organ toxicity observed at this dose. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PAK targeted 149 silica-induced toxicological genes, which were mainly enriched in inflammatory pathways such as the IL-17 pathway. Further qRTPCR assays confirmed that PAK inhibited the Il17a/f mediated inflammatory pathway and downregulated the expression of Tnf-α, Il6 and other proinflammatory factors. Meanwhile, PAK increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria including Akkermansia, and ameliorated intestinal flora dysbiosis in silicosis mice, which may be associated with the attenuation of lung tissue damage.

Conclusion

PAK can inhibit the IL17 signaling pathway and improve intestinal flora, thereby alleviating silicainduced pulmonary inflammation and injury, which provides a reference for further research on PAK and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pneumoconiosis.

Silicosis  /  Pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis  /  IL-17 signaling pathway  /  Gut microbiota  /  Periplaneta americana extract
谭雪梅, 管堂飞, 张泽昊, 刘刚, 龙晓, 姚于勤, 晏婷婷, 彭莉君. 美洲大蠊提取物改善二氧化硅诱导的小鼠肺组织损伤的作用与机制研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2163 -2172 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603433
Xue-mei TAN, Tang-fei GUAN, Ze-hao ZHANG, Gang LIU, Xiao LONG, Yu-qin YAO, Ting-ting YAN, Li-jun PENG. Effects and mechanisms of Periplaneta americana extract on ameliorating silica-induced lung tissue injury in mice[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2163 -2172 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603433
矽肺(silicosis)是由于生产活动中长期吸入游离二氧化硅粉尘所致的尘肺病,是世界范围内最严重和最常见的职业病[1]。游离二氧化硅化学性质稳定,吸入人体后难以代谢排出,对机体产生持续性损伤[2]。除采矿、建筑、石材加工、陶瓷制造等传统行业外,新兴涉尘产业,如牛仔布喷砂、珠宝抛光等均存在高浓度粉尘暴露风险,矽肺已成为全球性公共卫生问题[3-4]。矽肺发病初期以炎症反应为主,后进展为进行性肺间质纤维化,最终导致限制性肺通气功能障碍乃至呼吸衰竭[2]。现有获批药物(汉防己甲素、尼达尼布及对症治疗药物)仅在一定程度上延缓病情进展、缓解临床症状,且普遍存在胃肠道刺激、肝肾功能损伤等反应,更无法逆转已形成的肺纤维化病变;除肺移植外,临床仍缺乏特效治疗手段[5-7]。因此,发掘安全有效的新型治疗药物,仍是矽肺职业病防治领域的迫切需求。
美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana (L.))俗称蟑螂,隶属蜚蠊科,在我国主要分布于广东、海南等沿海地区,是兼具药用价值与临床应用基础的传统药用昆虫[8-9]。现代药理学研究表明其提取物具有促进组织损伤修复、抗炎、抗氧化及免疫调节等多重功能,在胃溃疡、口腔溃疡、皮肤烧伤及创伤修复等病症的临床治疗中应用广泛[10-14]。但目前美洲大蠊提取物对二氧化硅诱导的肺组织损伤的干预作用及潜在分子机制尚无明确研究结论。本研究通过构建二氧化硅诱导的矽肺小鼠模型,系统探究美洲大蠊提取物对矽肺小鼠肺组织炎症与纤维化病变的改善作用,并联合转录组测序和16S rDNA高通量测序技术,结合独立分子生物学实验,初步解析其干预机制,旨在为美洲大蠊提取物研发成为抗矽肺候选药物提供一定的实验数据与理论支撑。
美洲大蠊提取物(0.17 g生药/ml,四川好医生攀西药业有限责任公司),经0.22 μm微孔滤膜除菌,用无菌生理盐水稀释成400 mg/kg溶液,后续文中统一简写为PAK;结晶型二氧化硅(3 μm,99%,福斯曼科技(北京)有限公司);汉防己甲素(≥ 98%,阿拉丁);兔抗Col Ⅰ、Col Ⅲ、α-SMA、FN一抗,辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗兔二抗(艾博抗(上海)贸易有限公司);Trizol试剂、逆转录试剂盒(赛默飞世尔科技有限公司);AceQ qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix(南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司);引物由上海生工生物工程股份有限公司设计合成;CTAB提取缓冲液(国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
切片扫描仪(奥林巴斯有限公司);实时荧光定量PCR系统(赛默飞世尔科技公司);Illumina NovaseqTM 6000测序平台(杭州联川生物技术股份有限公司);GraphPad Prism 10.1.2、ImageJ、SPSS 26.0软件。
6~8周龄SPF级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠48只,购自四川维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,生产许可证号:SCXK(川)2023-0040。小鼠饲养于四川大学华西公共卫生学院动物实验中心,环境温度26 ℃,相对湿度60%,12 h昼夜交替,自由摄食饮水。动物实验方案经四川大学华西第四医院伦理委员会批准(编号:Gwll2025010)。
小鼠适应性饲养1周后,按体重随机分为对照组(Control)、模型组(Model)、美洲大蠊提取物组(PAK)、汉防己甲素组(Tet),每组12只(1周、12周取材各6只)。采用非暴露式气管滴注法造模:1.5%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉小鼠后,滴注100 μl 40 mg/ml二氧化硅混悬液(Model、PAK和Tet组)或等体积无菌生理盐水(Control组)[15],造模成功判定标准为小鼠肺部闻及湿啰音,无口鼻呛咳和反流。造模次日开始灌胃给药,PAK组给予400 mg/kg美洲大蠊提取物[16],Tet组给予20 mg/kg汉防己甲素[17-18],Control组与Model组给予等体积无菌生理盐水,每日1次,连续给药至取材。实验期间1周组每日称量小鼠体重,12周组每3天称量1次。
分别于造模后1周和12周处死小鼠,钝性分离心、肝、脾、肺和肾等脏器,精准称重并计算脏器系数(脏器系数=脏器重/体重×100%)。肺组织沿支气管走行分为2份:1份置于4%多聚甲醛固定,用于病理染色及免疫组化检测;另1份液氮速冻后于-80 ℃保存,用于转录组测序。心、肝、脾、肾组织经4%多聚甲醛固定,用于毒性观察。造模12周末,于9∶00~11∶00在无菌低温条件下采集小鼠新鲜粪便样本,无菌分装后立即置于-80 ℃冻存,采集不同小鼠样本前用75%乙醇擦拭镊子避免交叉污染,样本待后续统一检测。
将固定后的肺组织经梯度脱水、石蜡包埋和连续切片(4 μm)后,进行HE和Masson染色。HE染色切片参照Szapiel评分标准,在200倍光镜下随机选取3个视野进行炎症评分[19];Masson染色切片采用ImageJ软件,在200倍光镜下每肺叶随机选取4个不重叠视野,定量分析蓝色胶原区域面积百分比,作为胶原沉积比例[20]。
肺组织石蜡切片经脱蜡、抗原修复、3% H2O2阻断内源性过氧化物酶和10%正常血清封闭后,滴加Col Ⅰ、Col Ⅲ、α-SMA和FN一抗(4 ℃孵育过夜),次日滴加二抗(37 ℃孵育45 min),DAB显色,苏木素复染,脱水封片。采用ImageJ软件测定阳性区域累计光密度(IOD),量化目标蛋白表达水平。
取-80 ℃保存的肺组织样本,提取总RNA并质检合格后,采用Illumina NovaseqTM 6000平台进行转录组测序。原始数据经过滤和比对小鼠参考基因组(GRCm39)后,采用DESeq2软件筛选差异表达基因(校正后P < 0.05),筛选1周和12周PAK干预后共同回调的基因,并采用R语言对关键基因进行GO功能注释及KEGG通路富集分析,挖掘关键调控通路。
为验证转录组测序结果,另行饲养同批次C57BL/6J小鼠,建立与上述一致的矽肺模型及给药干预方案。分别于造模后1周、4周和8周处死小鼠(每组6只),采集新鲜肺组织(图5A)。采用Trizol法提取总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA后进行qRT-PCR扩增。反应体系:2×SYBR Green Master Mix 5 μl,上、下游引物各0.3 μl,cDNA 1 μl,ddH2O 3.4 μl,总体系10 μl。反应程序:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃ 10 s、60 ℃ 30 s,40个循环;溶解曲线95 ℃ 15 s、60 ℃ 60 s、95 ℃ 15 s。以β-actin为内参,采用2(-ΔΔCt)法计算目的基因的相对表达量。引物序列见表1。
取-80 ℃保存的粪便样本,采用CTAB法提取微生物总DNA并质检合格后,针对16S rDNA V3-V4高变区进行PCR扩增,构建合格测序文库后采用Illumina NovaSeq 6000平台进行高通量测序。原始数据经滤除、拼接和去噪获得ASV特征序列,比对SILVA数据库完成物种注释;采用QIIME2软件分析菌群α和β多样性,通过LEfSe分析(LDA阈值=3)筛选组间差异菌属,并采用Spearman秩相关分析差异菌属与肺部炎症因子的相关性。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析,GraphPad Prism 10.1.2绘制图表。计量资料以表示,符合正态分布且方差齐性者采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),多重比较采用Dunnett检验。小鼠体重比较采用重复测量方差分析,非正态分布资料采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。检验水准α=0.05。
实验流程详见图1A。肺重系数检测结果显示:与Control组相比,Model组小鼠干预1周和12周肺重系数均显著升高(P< 0.001);相较于Model组,PAK和Tet干预组肺重系数显著降低,提示PAK可有效改善矽肺小鼠肺组织肿胀(图1B和1C)。HE染色结果表明,Control组小鼠1周与12周肺泡结构完整,无明显病理损伤。Model组1周即出现肺组织结构破坏,伴大量淋巴细胞聚集、浆细胞及尘细胞浸润,炎症反应显著;12周时肺组织病变进一步加剧,形成广泛性结节斑块及大量炎性细胞浸润。与Model组相比,各给药组病理损伤均呈不同程度缓解,PAK组1周淋巴细胞聚集及炎性浸润明显减轻,12周肺组织炎症显著改善(图1D、1F)。炎症评分量化分析证实,1周及12周Model组炎症评分显著高于Control组,PAK干预后评分显著降低(图1E和1G)。Masson染色显示,Control组肺组织几乎无胶原沉积;Model组1周肺泡间隔已出现胶原异常沉积,12周大量蓝染胶原纤维蓄积,肺纤维化程度严重。PAK组胶原沉积面积显著减少,纤维化病变明显缓解(图1H和1J)。胶原容积分数定量结果进一步验证,两给药组胶原占比显著低于Model组(图1I和1K)。综上,PAK可有效改善二氧化硅诱导的小鼠肺组织损伤与纤维化病变。
为评估PAK的安全性,本研究监测了小鼠的体重变化,并检测了主要脏器系数及组织病理学改变。体重变化结果显示,所有组小鼠在造模后初期均出现一过性体重下降,随后逐渐恢复并呈增长趋势。双因素重复测量方差分析结果显示,小鼠体重在组间和时间上存在显著交互作用(1周:F=12.880,P< 0.001;12周:F=7.895,P< 0.001);随时间延长,各组体重均极显著增加,具有统计学意义(1周:F=118.400,P < 0.001;12周:F=328.900,P < 0.001);尽管组间处理方式对体重变化存在显著影响(1周:F=10.250,P< 0.001;12周:F=2.852,P=0.051),但进一步多重比较证实,在整个实验期间各组间体重增长无显著差异(均P > 0.05),提示PAK干预对小鼠的正常生长发育无明显不良影响(图2A和2B)。脏器系数检测结果显示,在1周和12周时,PAK组小鼠的心、肝、脾和肾脏器系数与Control组相比均无显著差异(P> 0.05),且与Model组、Tet组相比也无明显变化(图2C)。HE染色结果显示,Control组小鼠的心、肝、脾和肾组织结构清晰,细胞形态正常。PAK组小鼠的各脏器组织形态与Control组一致,未见明显的细胞变性、坏死和炎性细胞浸润或纤维化等病理改变(图2D-G)。以上结果表明,PAK在矽肺模型小鼠中未观察到一般毒性。
细胞外基质过度沉积是肺纤维化进展中的关键环节[21]。矽肺相关肺纤维化中的病理性细胞外基质沉积以α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、I型胶原、III型胶原和纤连蛋白的表达升高为特征[22]。免疫组化分析显示,与Control组相比,1周及12周Model组中α-SMA、Collagen Ⅰ、Collagen Ⅲ和Fibronectin的胞质及间质免疫反应性均显著增强。而与Model组相比,PAK组和Tet组小鼠肺组织中上述四种蛋白的阳性表达均减少,定量分析结果与此一致(图3)。
为探究PAK改善矽肺损伤的分子机制,本研究对1周和12周各组小鼠肺组织进行转录组测序分析。PCA结果显示,各时间段组间样本均呈现明显分离趋势,提示三组间基因表达谱存在显著差异,测序数据可靠性良好(图4A,B)。差异表达基因分析显示,不同时间段组间比较均筛选出大量差异表达基因(图4C-F)。取1周和12周PAK干预后共同回调的差异基因,共得到149个核心差异基因(图4G),这些基因为PAK发挥持续肺组织保护作用的关键基因。GO功能富集分析显示,核心差异基因在生物学过程(BP)层面主要富集于细胞分裂、炎症反应和细胞因子介导的信号通路、细胞外基质重塑和胶原代谢过程等;细胞组分(CC)层面主要富集于细胞外间隙、细胞膜和细胞外基质等结构;分子功能(MF)层面主要富集于细胞外基质结构组成、趋化因子活性和胶原结合等功能,与矽肺炎症及纤维化的病理进程高度契合(图4H)。KEGG通路富集分析显示,核心差异基因主要富集于IL-17和细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用等关键通路,其中IL-17信号通路为多富集的炎症相关通路,提示该通路可能是PAK改善矽肺肺损伤的核心调控通路(图4I)。
为验证转录组测序揭示的核心调控通路,本研究通过独立的动物实验,采用qRT-PCR检测了IL-17信号通路相关基因在矽肺小鼠肺组织中的表达变化。结果显示,与Control组相比,Model组小鼠在1周、4周和8周时,肺组织中Il17a、Il17f的mRNA表达水平均显著升高,而Il17b、Il17c和Il17e的表达无明显变化(P > 0.05);与Model组相比,PAK干预可显著下调Il17a和Il17f的基因表达水平,且该抑制效应在1周、4周和8周各时间点均稳定存在(图5B-M)。促炎因子检测结果显示,与Control组相比,Model组小鼠1周、4周和8周肺组织中Tnf-α和Il6的mRNA表达水平均显著上调;PAK干预可显著下调Tnf-α和Il6的表达水平,提示PAK可通过抑制Il17a/f的表达阻断IL-17信号通路,进而下调促炎因子的释放,缓解肺部慢性炎症(图5N-S)。
韦恩图(图6A)显示,Control、Model与PAK三组共有555个ASVs,各组ASV构成存在差异,提示PAK可调控矽肺小鼠肠道菌群ASV分布。Alpha多样性分析表明:与Control组相比,Model组Chao1和Ace指数显著降低,菌群丰富度下降;PAK干预可有效回升菌群丰富度。模型组Shannon指数同步降低,菌群多样性减少,PAK处理后多样性呈恢复趋势(图6B-D)。PCA与NMDS分析显示各组样本菌群结构明显聚类分离(图6E和6F);Anosim检验证实组间差异显著(P<0.001,R=0.348 9),表明PAK能够改善矽肺小鼠肠道菌群整体结构。门水平群落组成结果显示,PAK可下调放线菌门和上调疣微菌门丰度;属水平分析进一步证实,PAK显著提升阿克曼氏菌属丰度和降低另枝菌属丰度,提示其可调控特征差异菌属(图6H-M)。分类学气泡图直观反映各组菌群分布特征(图6N)。LEfSe分析筛选特征差异物种:与Control组相比,Model组富集11种标志菌群,LDA排名前三分别为放线菌门、放线菌纲及未分类双歧杆菌;相较于Model组,PAK组富集6种差异菌群,优势物种依次为未分类阿克曼菌、阿克曼氏菌属及阿克曼菌科(图6O和6P)。菌群—炎症因子相关性分析显示:Ruminococcus、Akkermansia相对丰度与Tnf-α、Il6表达呈负相关;Enterorhabdus、Allobaculum及Alistipes丰度与Tnf-α表达呈正相关。多数差异菌属与炎症因子表达趋势一致,证实肠道菌群结构紊乱与肺部炎症水平密切关联。
以上结果表明,PAK可显著改善矽肺小鼠肠道菌群紊乱和调控特征差异菌属丰度,并通过差异肠道菌群与炎症因子的关联性参与调节肺部炎症反应。
矽肺是典型的职业性肺间质疾病,以长期吸入游离二氧化硅粉尘所致肺组织慢性炎症、成纤维细胞异常活化及细胞外基质过度沉积为核心病理特征,目前临床缺乏逆转纤维化进程的特效药物。天然产物因多靶点、低毒性优势,成为抗矽肺药物研发的重要方向[23-24]。美洲大蠊提取物作为传统药用昆虫制剂,已被证实具有抗炎、抗氧化及组织修复活性[25-26],但其对二氧化硅诱导肺损伤的干预作用及潜在机制尚未明确。本研究构建1周和12周矽肺小鼠模型,造模后小鼠出现肺重系数升高、肺组织损伤、炎性细胞浸润及胶原沉积等典型矽肺病理改变,为后续干预研究奠定了可靠基础。结果显示,PAK可降低矽肺小鼠肺重系数,缓解肺炎及结节样病变,减少胶原沉积,证实PAK对二氧化硅诱导肺损伤的改善作用。细胞外基质过度沉积是肺纤维化进展的关键环节,α-SMA、Col Ⅰ、Col Ⅲ和FN的异常高表达是矽肺纤维化的重要病理特征[21]。结果显示,PAK可下调矽肺小鼠肺组织中上述蛋白表达,提示其通过抑制成纤维细胞活化及细胞外基质合成,改善矽肺肺组织损伤。
药物安全性是候选药物研发的核心前提,本研究从体重变化、脏器系数及组织病理学三个维度系统评估PAK的体内安全性。结果显示,PAK组小鼠体重、心肝肾脾脏器系数及组织形态均无明显异常,证实PAK在实验剂量(400 mg/kg)下未观察到明显毒性作用。
为阐明PAK改善矽肺损伤的分子机制,本研究通过转录组测序分析PAK干预后的小鼠肺组织的基因表达谱,发现1周和12周模型组与对照组间存在大量差异表达基因,PAK干预可使其中149个基因出现持续性回调。GO功能富集分析显示,这些基因主要富集于炎症反应、细胞因子介导的信号通路和细胞外基质重塑等生物学过程,与矽肺“慢性炎症驱动纤维化”的核心病理机制高度契合;KEGG通路富集分析发现,IL-17信号通路为最显著的富集通路,提示该通路可能是PAK干预矽肺损伤的核心调控通路。
IL-17信号通路是连接肺部慢性炎症与肺纤维化的关键通路,其激活可通过释放促炎因子募集炎性细胞,同时促进成纤维细胞活化及细胞外基质沉积,加速肺纤维化进程[27-28]。IL-17家族中,Il17a和Il17f是调控肺部炎症的核心亚型,二者可协同激活下游信号通路,上调Tnf-α和Il6等促炎因子表达,形成炎症级联反应[29]。本研究qRT-PCR验证发现,矽肺小鼠肺组织中Il17a、Il17f的mRNA表达水平显著升高,而Il17b、Il17c和Il17e表达无明显变化,提示二氧化硅诱导的肺组织炎症主要由Il17a/f介导的IL-17信号通路激活驱动;PAK可下调Il17a和Il17f的基因表达,并抑制Tnf-α和Il6等促炎因子的表达,证实PAK可通过抑制Il17a/f的表达,阻断IL-17信号通路,进而抑制肺部慢性炎症级联反应,缓解炎症介导的肺纤维化损伤。与本研究结果一致,抑制IL-17表达已被报道为矽肺的治疗手段[29-30]。
矽肺可通过肺-肠轴引发肠道菌群失调,菌群失衡又通过代谢紊乱、免疫失调、屏障受损等途径加重肺部炎症与纤维化,形成双向恶性循环[31]。本研究表明PAK干预可改善肠道微生态稳态。肠道黏膜免疫屏障受损可引发菌群易位与炎症因子释放,通过循环及免疫通路加剧肺部炎症与纤维化[32]。由此推测,二氧化硅可通过全身炎症破坏肠道屏障,诱发菌群紊乱并形成“肺部炎症肠道菌群失调”的恶性循环,而PAK可阻断该过程。结合现有文献分析,IL-17信号通路与肠道菌群之间并非相互独立的并列效应,异常激活的IL-17通路可破坏肠道黏膜免疫与屏障功能,诱导肠道菌群结构紊乱;菌群失衡又可反过来促进Th17细胞活化与IL-17分泌,放大炎症反应[33-34]。据此推测,PAK对IL-17通路的抑制作用,可能是其改善肠道菌群失调的重要上游机制,并通过肺-肠轴进一步减轻肺部炎症与纤维化。在菌群组成上,PAK可上调阿克曼氏菌属等有益菌,下调放线菌门和另枝菌属等潜在有害菌。阿克曼氏菌属可维护肠道屏障、发挥抗炎作用,另枝菌属降低有助于减轻肠道局部炎症[35-36]。LEfSe分析进一步证实,PAK可富集有益菌,维持肠道菌群功能稳态。相关性分析表明,瘤胃球菌属、阿克曼氏菌属等有益菌丰度与肺部Tnf-α和Il6表达呈负相关,而肠杆状菌属和全芽孢杆菌属等条件致病菌与炎症因子呈正相关。有益菌可通过增强肠道屏障、生成短链脂肪酸等途径减轻肺部炎症;条件致病菌增多则会促进促炎因子释放,加重肺损伤[37]。提示PAK可通过调节肠道菌群结构,降低肺部炎症因子水平,缓解矽肺肺组织损伤。
与阳性对照药物汉防己甲素相比,美洲大蠊提取物在改善矽肺损伤的总体效应上具有一致性,均可减轻肺部炎症、延缓肺纤维化进程。但二者作用机制存在差异:汉防己甲素更侧重于直接抑制成纤维细胞增殖与胶原合成,而PAK则以靶向IL-17炎症信号通路与调节肠道微生态为显著特点。
综上,PAK可通过抑制IL-17信号通路减轻肺部炎症与纤维化,同时调控肠道菌群多样性、修复肠道微生态,间接改善肺部损伤。本研究存在一定局限性:仅证实PAK对IL-17通路的整体抑制作用,未验证该通路下游关键激酶和转录因子等靶点,其精细分子调控机制尚不明确;肠道菌群相关研究仅为初步探索,尚未开展菌群移植及核心菌株的功能验证。后续可通过构建IL-17过表达/敲除模型、粪菌移植和靶向菌群干预等实验,进一步明确IL-17通路与肠道菌群的上下游调控关系及分子机制,为PAK临床转化提供更完善的实验依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(U23A20495; 82373548)
  • 四川省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2026NSFSC0586; 2026NSFSC0587)
  • 攀枝花市指导性科技计划项目(2025ZD-S-20)
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2026年第53卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603433
  • 接收时间:2026-03-29
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-29
基金
国家自然科学基金(U23A20495; 82373548)
四川省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2026NSFSC0586; 2026NSFSC0587)
攀枝花市指导性科技计划项目(2025ZD-S-20)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.美洲大蠊与创新药四川省重点实验室,四川好医生攀西药业有限责任公司
    3.攀枝花市第一人民医院

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彭莉君和晏婷婷为共同通讯作者。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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