Article(id=1311350329740976236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603432, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1774713600000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579882320, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579882320, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579882320, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579882320, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349984730116963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579800064, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588348354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385838924169506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385838924169507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2563, endPage=2572, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350329942302829, articleId=1311350329740976236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor in alleviating silica dust-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism of ZSP1603, a novel independently developed small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, against lung tissue injury in silicotic mice, so as to provide an experimental basis for clinical research on the treatment of silicosis.

Methods

Based on the molecular toxicological network induced by silica dust, molecular docking was performed to predict the potential targets and mechanisms of ZSP1603 in alleviating silica dust-mediated respiratory toxicities. A silica-induced mouse silicosis model was established. Pathological staining, immunohistochemistry and multi-omics analyses were comprehensively applied to evaluate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of ZSP1603 on silica-associated silicosis-like lesions in mice.

Results

A total of 50 intersecting genes were identified between the pharmacological targets of ZSP1603 and the toxicity-related genes triggered by silica dust, which were mainly enriched in signaling pathways associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Long-term administration of ZSP1603 at the experimental dose (60 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated silica-induced pulmonary inflammation, lung tissue damage and collagen deposition (at 12 weeks, the Szapiel and Ashcroft scores in the ZSP1603 group were significantly lower than those in the model group, P<0.01), and downregulated the expression of proteins related to silica toxicity (the expression levels of Collagen I, Collagen III, α-SMA, FN, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly downregulated compared to the model group, P<0.001). Moreover, ZSP1603 effectively corrected the gut microbiota dysbiosis in silicotic mice. In addition, no obvious systemic in vivo toxicity was observed following treatment with the experimental dose of ZSP1603.

Conclusion

The novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZSP1603 alleviates silicosis-related inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse silicosis model. These findings provide a reference for the research and development of therapeutic agents for the secondary and tertiary prevention and clinical intervention of silicosis.

, authors=Ze-hao ZHANG1, Tang-fei GUAN1, Xue-mei TAN1, Qian-ru ZHANG2, Xiao-xin CHEN2, Yu-qin YAO1, Zhuo-wei LIU2, authorsList=Ze-hao ZHANG, Tang-fei GUAN, Xue-mei TAN, Qian-ru ZHANG, Xiao-xin CHEN, Yu-qin YAO, Zhuo-wei LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yu-qin YAO, Zhuo-wei LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350332924452988, articleId=1311350329740976236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂改善二氧化硅粉尘诱导的小鼠肺组织炎性与纤维化的作用与机制研究, columnId=1228016571273113811, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=环境与职业卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

本研究旨在探究自主研发的新型酪氨酸激酶小分子抑制剂ZSP1603对矽肺小鼠肺组织损伤的改善作用及潜在机制,为矽肺临床治疗研究提供参考。

方法

基于矽尘引起的分子毒理作用网络和ZSP1603潜在作用靶点的分子对接预测ZSP1603干预矽尘引起的呼吸系统毒性的潜在作用与机制。构建二氧化硅诱导的矽肺小鼠模型,结合病理染色、免疫组化和多组学检测,综合评价ZSP1603改善矽尘引起的小鼠矽肺样病变的作用与潜在机制。

结果

ZSP1603的预测药理靶点与矽尘引起的毒作用基因有50个潜在交集基因,多富集于炎症、氧化应激及纤维化相关通路。在实验给药剂量下(60 mg/kg),ZSP1603长期给药可显著缓解矽尘引起的肺炎、肺组织损伤及胶原沉积(12周时ZSP1603组Szapiel评分和Ashcroft评分较模型组显著降低约,P<0.01),下调矽尘毒作用相关蛋白表达(12周时ZSP1603组Collagen I、Collagen III、α-SMA、FN、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的表达显著低于模型组,P<0.001);同时检测到ZSP1603具有改善矽肺模型小鼠肠道菌群失衡的作用;此外,在实验给药剂量下,未观察到一般体内毒性。

结论

新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂ZSP1603在矽肺小鼠模型中可改善矽肺样炎症和纤维化、为矽肺二三级预防所需的临床治疗药物研究提供参考。

, authors=张泽昊1, 管堂飞1, 谭雪梅1, 张倩茹2, 陈小新2, 姚于勤1, 刘卓伟2, authorsList=张泽昊, 管堂飞, 谭雪梅, 张倩茹, 陈小新, 姚于勤, 刘卓伟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=姚于勤, 刘卓伟, authorNote=

张泽昊(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生毒理学

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刘卓伟和姚于勤为共同通信作者。
刘卓伟,
姚于勤,
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 2025, 25(1): 449., articleTitle=Causal relationship between gut microbiota and pneumonia: a Mendelian randomization and retrospective case-control study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350342655238361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=180, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Keshavarz aziziraftar S, Bahrami R, Hashemi D, journalName=Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Keshavarz aziziraftar S, Bahrami R, Hashemi D, et al. The beneficial effects of Akkermansia muciniphila and its derivatives on pulmonary fibrosis[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2024, 180(1): 117571., articleTitle=The beneficial effects of Akkermansia muciniphila and its derivatives on pulmonary fibrosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350342730735834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=16, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=You-Tae K, Joon-Gi K, O’Sullivan DJ, journalName=Gut Microbes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=You-Tae K, Joon-Gi K, O’Sullivan DJ, et al. Regulatory mechanism of cysteine-dependent methionine biosynthesis in Bifidobacterium longum: insights into Sulfur metabolism in gut microbiota[J]. Gut Microbes, 2024, 16(1): 2419565., articleTitle=Regulatory mechanism of cysteine-dependent methionine biosynthesis in Bifidobacterium longum: insights into Sulfur metabolism in gut microbiota, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350342802039003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=344, pageEnd=349, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Kováč J, Vítězová M, Kushkevych I, journalName=Open Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kováč J, Vítězová M, Kushkevych I. Metabolic activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria from rodents with colitis[J]. 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注:A为ZSP1603-靶点-矽肺疾病基因网络示意图;B为ZSP1603改善矽肺肺组织损伤潜在作用位点的KEGG富集分析图;C为分子对接热图;D为ZSP1603-ALB;E为ZSP1603-ERBB2;F为ZSP1603-GSK3B;G为ZSP1603-HGF;H为ZSP1603-MMP2;I为ZSP1603-MMP9。

, figureFileSmall=klx8JHSlbcR+zmlqNVIXpA==, figureFileBig=8+GMKu1GG2zhornQKe17aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350337815011505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Histopathological sections and scores of lung tissue stained with H&E and Masson in mice from different groups (H&E,×16 and ×200;Masson, ×16 and ×200), figureFileSmall=28gol5t9Ztm8klv/6X5lRg==, figureFileBig=yCcH5LUsEmBDU7srTU6A0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350337890508978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组小鼠肺组织H&E和Masson染色病理切片及评分(H&E染色,× 16及× 200;Masson染色,× 16及× 200)

注:图A为动物实验流程;B和C为1周各组小鼠肺组织H&E染色病理切片及炎症评分;D和E为12周各组小鼠肺组织H&E染色病理切片及炎症评分;F和G为1周各组小鼠肺组织Masson染色病理切片及纤维化评分;H和I为12周各组小鼠肺组织Masson染色病理切片及纤维化评分。统计学显著性标注规则为:*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,****表示P<0.0001,下同。

, figureFileSmall=28gol5t9Ztm8klv/6X5lRg==, figureFileBig=yCcH5LUsEmBDU7srTU6A0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350337961812147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=ZSP1603 exhibited no overt organ toxicity in silicotic mice (H&E,×200), figureFileSmall=MceNyje4oxdT+5hCHwxtTg==, figureFileBig=I3bFKgQp+ZDYBMyQ4utuZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350338045698228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, language=CN, label=图3, caption=ZSP1603对矽肺小鼠主要脏器的无明显损伤(H&E染色,×200)

注:A和B为1周和12周各组小鼠心、肝、脾和肾H&E染色病理图;C和D为1周和12周各组小鼠心、肝、脾和肾脏器指数。

, figureFileSmall=MceNyje4oxdT+5hCHwxtTg==, figureFileBig=I3bFKgQp+ZDYBMyQ4utuZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350338121195701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=ZSP1603 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in silicotic mice (IHC,×100 and ×400), figureFileSmall=MAl4Vk7w3sVewIwlcv7Ttg==, figureFileBig=RnxYxJK1rYkzDV7UJiUsCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350338188304566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, language=CN, label=图4, caption=ZSP1603可减轻矽肺小鼠肺组织纤维化(IHC染色,×100及×400)

注:A-H为12周各组小鼠肺组织中Collagen I、Collagen III、α-SMA和Fibronectin免疫组化及阳性表达量化图。

, figureFileSmall=MAl4Vk7w3sVewIwlcv7Ttg==, figureFileBig=RnxYxJK1rYkzDV7UJiUsCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350338280579255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=ZSP1603 attenuates lung inflammation in silicotic mice (IHC,×100 and ×400), figureFileSmall=8R5WWX7988Kbv53tItsWFw==, figureFileBig=rdscE4FXTSbEe9C8U/NB+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350338360271032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, language=CN, label=图5, caption=ZSP1603可减轻矽肺小鼠肺组织炎症(IHC染色,×100及×400)

注:A和B为模型组 vs 对照组与ZSP1603 vs 模型组在第12周的差异表达基因火山图,筛选阈值设定为同时满足∣log2(FC)∣>1且P<0.05的基因将被判定为差异表达基因;C和D为模型组 vs 对照组和ZSP1603 vs 模型组在第12周的差异表达基因KEGG富集分析图;E~H为ZSP1603与IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α分子对接结果热图及可视化图;I~N为12周各组小鼠肺组织TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β免疫组织化学染色及阳性表达图。

, figureFileSmall=8R5WWX7988Kbv53tItsWFw==, figureFileBig=rdscE4FXTSbEe9C8U/NB+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350338418991289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=ZSP1603 effectively regulates gut microbial diversity in silicotic mice, figureFileSmall=lSmIDY6ocjAjzfLAbhM1rg==, figureFileBig=3nXLnJMkkzsuKAqQWPUg1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350338515460282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350329740976236, language=CN, label=图6, caption=ZSP1603能够有效调节矽肺小鼠的肠道微生物多样性

注:A和B为对照组 vs 模型组与ZSP1603 vs 模型组肠道微生物ASV组成Venn图;C和D为Chao1与Shannon指数稀释曲线;E~G为α多样性分析ACE、Chao1和Shannon指数小提琴图;H和I为β多样性分析PCA与NMDS图;J和K为门与属水平上各组肠道微生物样本丰度堆叠柱状图;L和M为对照组 vs 模型组与ZSP1603 vs 模型组肠道微生物在属水平上的丰度差异柱状图。

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新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂改善二氧化硅粉尘诱导的小鼠肺组织炎性与纤维化的作用与机制研究
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张泽昊 1 , 管堂飞 1 , 谭雪梅 1 , 张倩茹 2 , 陈小新 2 , 姚于勤 1 , 刘卓伟 2
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2026,53(14): 2563-2572
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现代预防医学 |环境与职业卫生 2026 , 53 (14) : 2563 -2572
新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂改善二氧化硅粉尘诱导的小鼠肺组织炎性与纤维化的作用与机制研究
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张泽昊1, 管堂飞1, 谭雪梅1, 张倩茹2, 陈小新2, 姚于勤1 , 刘卓伟2
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.广东众生睿创生物科技有限公司
通讯作者:
刘卓伟和姚于勤为共同通信作者。
姚于勤,
作者简介:

张泽昊(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生毒理学

Effect and mechanism of a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor in alleviating silica dust-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice
Ze-hao ZHANG1, Tang-fei GUAN1, Xue-mei TAN1, Qian-ru ZHANG2, Xiao-xin CHEN2, Yu-qin YAO1 , Zhuo-wei LIU2
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603432
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目的

本研究旨在探究自主研发的新型酪氨酸激酶小分子抑制剂ZSP1603对矽肺小鼠肺组织损伤的改善作用及潜在机制,为矽肺临床治疗研究提供参考。

方法

基于矽尘引起的分子毒理作用网络和ZSP1603潜在作用靶点的分子对接预测ZSP1603干预矽尘引起的呼吸系统毒性的潜在作用与机制。构建二氧化硅诱导的矽肺小鼠模型,结合病理染色、免疫组化和多组学检测,综合评价ZSP1603改善矽尘引起的小鼠矽肺样病变的作用与潜在机制。

结果

ZSP1603的预测药理靶点与矽尘引起的毒作用基因有50个潜在交集基因,多富集于炎症、氧化应激及纤维化相关通路。在实验给药剂量下(60 mg/kg),ZSP1603长期给药可显著缓解矽尘引起的肺炎、肺组织损伤及胶原沉积(12周时ZSP1603组Szapiel评分和Ashcroft评分较模型组显著降低约,P<0.01),下调矽尘毒作用相关蛋白表达(12周时ZSP1603组Collagen I、Collagen III、α-SMA、FN、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的表达显著低于模型组,P<0.001);同时检测到ZSP1603具有改善矽肺模型小鼠肠道菌群失衡的作用;此外,在实验给药剂量下,未观察到一般体内毒性。

结论

新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂ZSP1603在矽肺小鼠模型中可改善矽肺样炎症和纤维化、为矽肺二三级预防所需的临床治疗药物研究提供参考。

矽肺  /  酪氨酸激酶抑制剂  /  网络药理学  /  转录组学  /  肠道菌群
Objective

To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism of ZSP1603, a novel independently developed small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, against lung tissue injury in silicotic mice, so as to provide an experimental basis for clinical research on the treatment of silicosis.

Methods

Based on the molecular toxicological network induced by silica dust, molecular docking was performed to predict the potential targets and mechanisms of ZSP1603 in alleviating silica dust-mediated respiratory toxicities. A silica-induced mouse silicosis model was established. Pathological staining, immunohistochemistry and multi-omics analyses were comprehensively applied to evaluate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of ZSP1603 on silica-associated silicosis-like lesions in mice.

Results

A total of 50 intersecting genes were identified between the pharmacological targets of ZSP1603 and the toxicity-related genes triggered by silica dust, which were mainly enriched in signaling pathways associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Long-term administration of ZSP1603 at the experimental dose (60 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated silica-induced pulmonary inflammation, lung tissue damage and collagen deposition (at 12 weeks, the Szapiel and Ashcroft scores in the ZSP1603 group were significantly lower than those in the model group, P<0.01), and downregulated the expression of proteins related to silica toxicity (the expression levels of Collagen I, Collagen III, α-SMA, FN, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly downregulated compared to the model group, P<0.001). Moreover, ZSP1603 effectively corrected the gut microbiota dysbiosis in silicotic mice. In addition, no obvious systemic in vivo toxicity was observed following treatment with the experimental dose of ZSP1603.

Conclusion

The novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZSP1603 alleviates silicosis-related inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse silicosis model. These findings provide a reference for the research and development of therapeutic agents for the secondary and tertiary prevention and clinical intervention of silicosis.

Silicosis  /  Tyrosine kinase inhibitor  /  Network pharmacology  /  Transcriptomics  /  Gut microbiota
张泽昊, 管堂飞, 谭雪梅, 张倩茹, 陈小新, 姚于勤, 刘卓伟. 新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂改善二氧化硅粉尘诱导的小鼠肺组织炎性与纤维化的作用与机制研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (14) : 2563 -2572 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603432
Ze-hao ZHANG, Tang-fei GUAN, Xue-mei TAN, Qian-ru ZHANG, Xiao-xin CHEN, Yu-qin YAO, Zhuo-wei LIU. Effect and mechanism of a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor in alleviating silica dust-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (14) : 2563 -2572 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603432
矽肺(silicosis)是生产中长期吸入游离二氧化硅粉尘引发的、以肺部弥漫性纤维化为主要特征的疾病[1]。作为矽尘引起的慢性进行性疾病,矽肺病程中呼吸系统损伤持续加重[2-3]。目前矽肺发病机制尚未完全阐明,主流假说认为,肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬二氧化硅粉尘后溶酶体受损,激活炎症小体NLRP3(NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3)并引发炎症级联反应,进而诱发肺部纤维化[4],且病情进展会导致患者肺功能损害逐步加重[5]。全球范围内,重症不可逆矽肺患者数量持续增加,给职业人群、家庭和社会带来沉重负担[6]。现阶段矽肺尚无根治方法,临床以对症处理、防治并发症为原则,旨在缓解症状和延缓病情进展[7]。早期干预病情进展、控制矽肺肺组织炎症与纤维化矽肺样症状,成为矽肺病临床治疗领域研究重点。
通过分子毒理作用网络分析,针对酪氨酸激酶抑制剂可通过抑制成纤维细胞增殖分化发挥抗纤维化作用,疗效已得到证实[8-9];尼达尼布作为多靶点酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,在系统性硬化病相关间质性肺病和特发性肺纤维化中表现出抗纤维化活性,也被推荐用于快进型矽肺治疗[10]。大量研究证实,抑制酪氨酸激酶可改善矽肺病程中的肺部炎症与纤维化[11]。
ZSP1603是我国自主研发新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,目前处于临床Ⅱ期,主要靶向血小板衍生生长因子受体、成纤维细胞生长因子受体和血管内皮生长因子受体[12]。文献报道,ZSP1603可显著下调转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)刺激后成纤维细胞中TGF-β1、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,TIMP-1)、I型胶原α1链(collagen type I alpha 1 chain,COL1A1)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)的表达,抑制成纤维细胞向肌成纤维细胞分化。同等剂量下,ZSP1603的作用可能优于尼达尼布,尤其在抑制肺损伤和炎症方面效果更优,且耐受性与安全性更高[12],展现出调控炎症与纤维化通路的潜力,但目前尚无其干预二氧化硅诱导肺组织损伤的效果及机制研究。
本研究基于网络药理毒理学与分子对接预测ZSP1603对二氧化硅所致肺组织损伤的潜在作用,通过体内实验验证其改善效果,并结合转录组学、肠道菌群分析初步探究其作用机制,为ZSP1603后续用于矽肺防治提供实验依据。
于PubMed及SwissADME数据库检索ZSP1603,获取其分子结构图与SMILES标识符,依托该标识符在PubChem数据库提取2D分子结构;再借助SwissTargetPrediction、PharmMapper、SEA三大数据库,基于上述分子信息预测药物作用靶点,对所得靶点基因合并去重,构建ZSP1603靶点基因集。同时,从OMIM、GeneCards[13]、DISGENET[14]、CTD数据库挖掘矽肺疾病相关靶点,合并后去除重复基因,得到矽肺疾病靶点基因集。利用Venny 2.1.0在线工具,比对ZSP1603潜在靶点与矽肺疾病基因,取交集并绘制韦恩图;将共靶点导入STRING 12.0数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络,借助Cytoscape 3.10.3软件完成网络可视化处理。将共靶点基因导入DAVID数据库完成GO和KEGG富集分析,再将所得结果上传至微生信在线平台,实现富集结果的可视化呈现。将共靶点再次导入STRING 12.0平台,下载TSV格式文件后导入Cytoscape 3.10.3,按节点度数降序筛选排名前15的核心靶点;通过UniProt数据库获取靶点基因ID,依托PDB数据库下载对应蛋白结构,经PyMOL 2.6.0预处理、AutoDockTools 1.5.7加氢优化后,采用vina 1.2.6完成分子对接;以结合能<-5.0 kcal/mol判定为有效结合,最终通过PyMOL 2.6.0完成对接结果可视化分析。
选用36只8周龄SPF级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠(20~22 g),由四川维通利华提供,饲养于四川大学华西第四医院动物实验中心(SYXK(川)2023-0011),实验经伦理委员会批准(Gw112025007)。适应性饲养1周后,SiO2颗粒经研磨、200 ℃灭菌4 h,配制成40 mg/ml悬浊液并超声30 min。小鼠经1.5%戊巴比妥钠麻醉,按50 mg/kg气管滴注100 μl SiO2混悬液复制模型,对照组给予等体积生理盐水。小鼠分为6组(n=6),包括1周和12周空白对照、模型及ZSP1603组,分别给药7天和84天;模型与对照组灌胃等体积的0.5%甲基纤维素/0.2%吐温溶液(10 ml/kg),ZSP1603组(60 mg/kg,溶于0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液)每日灌胃1次(图2A)。于1、12周取材,液氮速冻后-80 ℃保存备用。
小鼠牺牲后,记录脏器重量并计算脏器系数。肺经H&E和Masson染色后镜检病理改变,并采用Szapiel评分评估肺泡炎,改良Ashcroft评分评估肺纤维化,染色步骤以及评分参照相应文献[15-16],每张切片于200×镜下随机选取3个视野进行评分。其余脏器(心、肝、脾和肾)经H&E染色后镜检病理改变。
石蜡切片脱蜡至水后,按指标选择抗原修复:I型胶原(collagen type I,Collagen I)、III型胶原(collagen type III,Collagen Ⅲ)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)采用乙二胺四乙酸(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,EDTA)高压修复1.5 min;α-SMA采用柠檬酸高压修复2 min;纤维连接蛋白(fibronectin,FN)采用柠檬酸微波修复3次,每次3 min。冷却后以含吐温-20的三羟甲基氨基甲烷缓冲盐溶液(tris-buffered saline with tween-20,TBST)或蒸馏水浸洗,3% H2O2室温避光封闭内源性过氧化物酶30 min。10%血清封闭,滴加一抗4 ℃孵育过夜;复温后TBST洗涤,滴加二抗37 ℃孵育45 min,TBST再次洗涤。二氨基联苯胺(3,3’-diaminobenzidine,DAB)显色,苏木素染核、分化和返蓝,脱水干燥后封片。采用成像系统扫描切片,ImageJ 1.54p计算累计光密度(integrated optical density,IOD)用于统计分析。
采用TRIzol提取总RNA,经NanoDrop ND-1000质控浓度与纯度,Bioanalyzer 2100和琼脂糖电泳验证完整性(浓度> 50 ng/μl、RIN>7.0、OD260/280>1.8和总量> 1 μg)。oligo(dT)磁珠捕获mRNA,镁离子试剂盒94 ℃片段化5~7 min,经逆转录合成cDNA、二链合成及末端修复加A后连接接头,UDG酶消化二链并PCR扩增构建300 bp ± 50 bp文库。Illumina NovaseqTM 6000 PE150测序,原始数据经cutadapt去接头并过滤低质量/重复序列获CleanData;HISAT2比对基因组,StringTie组装转录本,gffcompare整合注释,StringTie计算FPKM定量;edgeR/DESeq2筛选差异基因(FC>2或P<0.05),并进行GO和KEGG富集分析。
采用CTAB法提取各分组小鼠粪便样本中微生物总DNA,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测质量、紫外分光光度计定量。PCR三轮扩增产物经2%琼脂糖凝胶验证,以超纯水为阴性对照。产物经AMPureXTbeads纯化和Qubit定量后构建文库,Agilent2100评估文库大小,Illumina试剂盒定量,NovaSeq6000平台2×250bp双端测序。原始序列去接头引物、FLASH拼接和fqtrim过滤获clean标签,Vsearch去嵌合序列,DADA2降噪得到特征表/序列。归一化后计算多样度,SILVA数据库(release 138)注释物种。Alpha和Beta多样性均由QIIME2计算,R包(v 3.5.2)绘图。
数据统计分析及图像绘制均采用GraphPad Prism 10软件完成,计量资料以表示,检验水准α=0.05。转录组学与微生物组学分析借助联川生物云平台完成。
ZSP1603分子式为C21H18ClFN4O3S,分子量460.9 g/mol(图1A),经数据库预测得到其潜在靶点431个;数据库挖掘筛选获得矽肺疾病基因545个,经比对分析二者共有交集靶点50个,其中ZSP1603特异性靶点381个,矽肺特异性靶点495个(图1A),核心交集靶点包含MMP2、MAPK8、IL6和TNF等,主要参与炎症反应、细胞外基质降解及信号转导等生物学过程,提示ZSP1603可通过调控上述关键分子干预矽肺进展。针对50个交集靶点构建PPI网络并按节点度数排序,筛选出ALB、MMP9和AKT1等核心靶点(图1A)。后续对上述交集靶点开展KEGG富集分析,结果显示靶点显著富集于PI3K-Akt、MAPK、IL-17、AGE-RAGE和FoxO等多条信号通路,涉及EGFR、AKT1和mTOR等关键基因(图1B),表明ZSP1603或可通过抑制炎症反应、减轻氧化应激与细胞凋亡,缓解矽尘诱发的肺组织损伤。结合PPI网络节点度数排序,选取排名前15的核心靶点蛋白与ZSP1603进行分子对接验证,所有靶点结合能均<-5.0 kcal/mol,且核心靶点对接可视化结果良好,证实ZSP1603与筛选核心蛋白具备优异的结合亲和力(图1C~I)。综上,网络药理学与分子对接结果共同证实,ZSP1603可通过多靶点、多通路协同作用改善矽肺病理进程,且药物与核心致病靶点结合能力稳定,具备深入研发的潜在价值。
H&E染色结果显示,造模1周时,对照组小鼠肺组织结构完整、肺泡形态正常,无明显炎症,模型组出现显著急性炎症,肺泡腔大量炎性细胞浸润和肺泡壁增厚,各药物干预组炎症表现与模型组相近(图2B)。Szapiel评分显示,模型组评分显著高于对照组(P<0.000 1),干预组较模型组无统计学差异(图2C)。造模12周时,模型组肺泡结构破坏与炎症进一步加重,各药物干预组炎症及组织损伤均明显改善(图2D),Szapiel评分显著升高(P<0.000 1),ZSP1603干预组则显著降低(P<0.01)(图2E)。结果表明,ZSP1603可减轻矽肺小鼠肺组织炎症。Masson三色染色显示,造模1周时,对照组胶原分布正常,模型组及各干预组可见轻度局灶性胶原沉积(图2F),改良Ashcroft评分显示模型组显著高于对照组(P<0.000 1),干预组无统计学差异(图2G)。造模12周时,模型组胶原沉积与结构破坏明显加剧,Ashcroft评分显著升高(P<0.000 1),ZSP1603干预组胶原沉积显著减少和肺泡结构明显改善(P<0.000 1,图2H和图2I)。结果表明,ZSP1603减轻矽肺小鼠肺纤维化。
分别于造模后1周和12周取各组小鼠心、肝、脾和肾组织进行H&E染色观察。造模1周时(图3A),模型组与各给药组小鼠心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏均未见明显病理损伤。造模12周时(图3B),各组上述脏器病理形态仍无明显异常,组织结构完整,未出现炎性浸润、变性、坏死或纤维化等病变,整体表现与1周时一致。同时测定各组小鼠心、肝、脾、肾脏器系数,结果显示,给药1周和12周后,各组心、肝、脾和肾脏器系数均无统计学差异(图3C和3D)。结果表明,在治疗剂量下,口服给药对小鼠主要脏器无明显影响,长期给药ZSP1603在小鼠体内是安全的。
免疫组化结果显示,二氧化硅暴露12周后,对照组Collagen I、Collagen III、α-SMA和Fibronectin四种蛋白仍维持低水平或无明显表达(图4A、4C、4E和4G);模型组蛋白表达显著升高,而各药物干预组的蛋白沉积、染色强度及分布范围均明显降低。定量分析显示,模型组四种蛋白水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.0001),ZSP1603干预组表达显著低于模型组(P<0.000 1,图4B、4D、4F和4H)。
给药12周时,模型组较对照组筛选出1 103个差异基因(724个上调、379个下调),ZSP1603治疗组较模型组差异更显著(801个差异基因、147个上调、654个下调),且以下调关键炎症基因为主(图5A和5B)。第12周模型组较对照组KEGG富集以细胞因子-细胞因子受体互作、IL-17通路为主,核心炎症基因Tnf、Il1b介导多条通路激活(图5C)。ZSP1603较模型组KEGG最显著富集通路为多条炎症通路,其中TLR-NF-κB相关分子表达下调,表明ZSP1603抗炎效果显著(图5D)。
如分子对接热图(图5E)和可视化图(图5F、G和H)所示,ZSP1603与IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α分子对接结果显示结合力均<-6.5 kcal/mol,提示长期ZSP1603干预具有显著抗炎效果。免疫组化染色结果显示,二氧化硅暴露12周后,对照组肺组织内TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β仍几乎无表达,模型组三种蛋白表达均显著升高,阳性信号集中于增厚肺泡间隔与炎性浸润区(图5I、K和M)。定量分析显示,模型组各因子表达量均显著高于对照组(均P<0.000 1,图5J、L和N),ZSP1603干预组的三种炎症因子表达量均显著低于模型组(均P<0.001)。
各组扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variants,ASVs)组成差异显著,模型组与对照组共有ASV 751个,特有ASV分别为924个、1 128个(图6A);ZSP1603治疗组与模型组共有ASV 714个,特有ASV分别为1 038个和961个(图6B)。Chao1和Shannon指数稀释曲线(图6C、6D)高测序深度下趋于平稳,证明测序数据量充足,可精准反映样本菌群结构。α多样性分析(ACE、Chao1和Shannon指数,图6E~G)显示,模型组物种丰富度较对照组下降,ZSP1603干预后回升,提示该药可逆转造模引发的菌群丰度降低。主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)分析中PCA1和PCA2分别解释12.55%与15.04%的总变异,累计解释度27.59%,各组样本二维分布高度重叠(图6H);基于Bray-Curtis距离的多因素方差分析(permutational multivariate analysis of variance,PERMANOVA)(R2=0.297 4,P=0.004)表明,分组可解释29.74%的群落变异,不同干预可诱发菌群结构系统性多维改变。非度量多维尺度分析(non-metric multidimensional scaling,NMDS)应力值0.109 75(<0.2),拟合效果优良(图6I),进一步验证组间菌群结构差异显著。门水平菌群分析(图6J)显示,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门为各组核心优势菌门,总相对丰度超80%,疣微菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门为次要优势菌群;组间对比可知,模型组放线菌门和硫酸盐还原菌门相对丰度较对照组显著升高,ZSP1603治疗组硫酸盐还原菌门丰度显著下调,疣微菌门丰度显著上调。属水平菌群分析(图6K~M)表明,毛螺菌科NK4A136群、阿克曼菌属和双歧杆菌属为核心优势菌属;模型组毛螺菌科NK4A136群丰度较对照组显著降低、脱硫弧菌属丰度显著升高,ZSP1603干预后,阿克曼菌属和利吉乳杆菌属丰度较模型组显著上调。综上,ZSP1603可有效调控肠道菌群丰度与群落结构。
矽肺作为我国最常见且危害最严重的一类尘肺病,在采矿、隧道建设、人造石加工、陶瓷制造等行业仍呈高发态势,已成为重要公共卫生问题[4]。然而,ZSP1603在矽肺模型中的疗效尚未验证,其对二氧化硅特异性炎症微环境的影响仍属未知。本研究基于网络药理毒理学筛选出ZSP1603与矽肺共有50个交集靶点,覆盖EGFR、FGFR1/2、ERBB2和IGF1R等多种受体酪氨酸激酶,富集在PI3K-Akt与MAPK通路上。分子对接结果证实,ZSP1603与SRC等核心靶点结合能力优异,可能阻断生长因子介导的成纤维细胞增殖与活化[17-18]。生物信息学层面表明,ZSP1603的作用机制可能涉及PI3K-Akt/MAPK/MMPs信号轴,直接靶向下游酪氨酸激酶介导的成纤维细胞活化与增殖,为体内实验提供了清晰研究假设。
造模12周后,模型组小鼠肺泡结构大面积破坏、炎性细胞浸润显著和胶原大量沉积;ZSP1603干预组能有效抑制慢性炎症,且在矽肺纤维化持续进展过程中可显著减轻胶原沉积、改善肺纤维化程度,Szapiel肺泡炎评分与改良Ashcroft纤维化评分显著降低。免疫组化检测证实,ZSP1603可显著下调Collagen I、Collagen Ⅲ、Fibronectin及α-SMA等纤维化标志性蛋白[19-20],从蛋白水平验证了其强大的抗纤维化效力。安全性评估显示,ZSP1603对心、肝、脾、肾等主要脏器无明显病理损伤,安全性良好,具备临床前开发价值。
转录组学分析从分子层面探究了ZSP1603的干预机制,分析发现ZSP1603可同时调控慢性炎症与纤维化微环境,核心作用聚焦于抑制炎症细胞招募活化、调控细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)重塑[21]。ZSP1603特异性基因集显著富集ECM受体互作、溶酶体、Toll样受体[22]与NF-κB通路。免疫组化结果也验证ZSP1603可显著降低关键炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6表达,与前文转录组分析揭示的“ZSP1603可调控慢性炎症反应”的作用结论相符。
近年研究证实,肠道菌群失调通过肠-肺轴调控肺部免疫与代谢,参与矽肺纤维化进程[23],临床与动物实验均发现矽肺患者及模型动物存在明显肠道菌群紊乱,靶向肠道微生态成为矽肺干预的新方向[24-25]。在矽肺患者中,16S rRNA基因测序分析显示,其粪便微生物组成在门水平和属水平均发生特异性改变,且菌群多样性与疾病严重程度密切相关[24]。患者粪便中厚壁菌门和放线菌门的丰度显著降低[24]。在矽肺大鼠模型中,瘤胃球菌属和乳杆菌属的相对丰度也出现显著异常[25]。这些研究结果表明,肠道菌群失调是矽肺患者及模型动物的稳定表型特征。一项纵向研究发现,小鼠暴露于二氧化硅4周和8周后,肠道菌群呈现出时间特异性改变:暴露早期(4周),肠道菌群以Allobaculum、Turicibacter等属为主;暴露晚期(8周),则以Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group和Ruminiclostridium 5的显著富集为核心特征[26]。特定肠道菌群(如Romboutsia属)对矽肺具有保护效应,而巴斯德氏菌科等则为矽肺发病的风险因素[27]。本研究首次结合肠道微生物组学探究ZSP1603的干预机制,证实ZSP1603可有效修复肠道菌群稳态,可显著上调阿克曼菌属(一种已被报道的有益菌属[28-29])、利吉乳杆菌属[30]等有益菌丰度,下调硫酸盐还原菌[31]等有害菌丰度,阻断菌群紊乱介导的全身炎症扩散[32],从微生态层面拓展了酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的作用机制。
综上,ZSP1603可呈时间依赖性改善矽肺小鼠肺组织损伤,慢性纤维化阶段干预效果显著,能同时发挥抗炎、抗氧化应激、抗纤维化和调节肠道菌群稳态的作用,且药物安全性良好、疗效确切。但本研究存在一定局限性:仅采用小鼠矽肺模型,存在种属差异,可能影响临床转化效果,未深入解析核心靶点的精细调控机制,未设置多剂量梯度探索量效关系;本研究通过网络药理学、转录组学及下游炎症因子免疫组化初步提示ZSP1603可能调控PI3K-Akt/MAPK/MMPs通路,但尚未对通路关键蛋白的磷酸化水平进行直接验证,相关结论仍需后续通过Western blot等蛋白水平实验进一步证实;本研究为全程干预模式,观察到的胶原减少主要反映药物对纤维化进展过程中胶原新生与沉积的抑制作用,其是否能够直接降解已形成的细胞外基质、逆转成熟纤维化,仍有待后续采用治疗性给药方案(造模后延迟给药)加以验证。整体而言,研究充分证实ZSP1603具备成为矽肺临床防治新型候选药物的潜力,为后续临床转化及矽肺防治新方案研发提供了坚实的实验基础与理论支撑。
  • 国家自然科学基金(82373548)
  • 四川省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2026NSFSC0586; 2026NSFSC0587)
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2026年第53卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603432
  • 接收时间:2026-03-29
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-29
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国家自然科学基金(82373548)
四川省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2026NSFSC0586; 2026NSFSC0587)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.广东众生睿创生物科技有限公司

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刘卓伟和姚于勤为共同通信作者。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
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属
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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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