Article(id=1311350060626043111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603241, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1773590400000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579818158, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579818158, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579818158, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579818158, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349919793905738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579784582, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588408144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2208, endPage=2213, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350060848341224, articleId=1311350060626043111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Preferences for diagnostic strategies for colorectal cancer based on a discrete choice experiment, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Toinvestigate population preferences and willingness to pay for colorectal cancer diagnostic strategies, andto provide evidence to optimize the initial screening and diagnosis service pathway and develop intervention strategies.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment was designed incorporating six attributes: appointment waiting time, number of healthcare visits, pre-diagnostic preparation, invasiveness, diagnostic accuracy, and out-of-pocket cost. In a central urban district of Shanghai, respondents were presented with a hypothetical scenario in which they had tested positive in an initial screening for colorectal cancer. Based on this scenario, their preferences for diagnostic strategies were elicited. A mixed logit model was subsequently employed to analyze population preferences and willingness to pay (WTP).

Results

Appointment waiting time, pre-diagnostic preparation, invasiveness, diagnostic accuracy and out-of-pocket cost had significant effects on respondents’ choices of diagnostic strategies. Diagnostic accuracy was the most important attribute, accounting for 53.61% of relative importance. This was followed by pre-diagnostic preparation and invasiveness, which together accounted for 26.33%. Respondents were willing to pay an additional 623.50 RMB to switch from an invasive to a non-invasive diagnostic option.

Conclusion

Preferences for colorectal cancer diagnostic strategies are primarily driven by diagnostic accuracy, with trade-offs involving the absence of pre-diagnostic preparation, non-invasiveness, shorter appointment waiting times, and lower out-of-pocket costs. It is recommended that communities further strengthen health education on the accuracy of colonoscopy diagnosis, provide non-invasive diagnostic alternatives, and improve referral efficiency. These measures may enhance population adherence to diagnostic procedures, thereby improving the effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening programs and maximizing population health benefits.

, authors=Shu-ying CHEN1, Ze-yu TAN2, Xiao-lei WANG3, Hai-yan GU4, Mei SUN2, 4, Qi JING3, Jian-hua ZHANG1, authorsList=Shu-ying CHEN, Ze-yu TAN, Xiao-lei WANG, Hai-yan GU, Mei SUN, Qi JING, Jian-hua ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qi JING, Jian-hua ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350061469098217, articleId=1311350060626043111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于离散选择实验的人群结直肠癌诊断方案选择偏好研究, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究人群结直肠癌诊断方案选择偏好及支付意愿,为优化“初筛—诊断”服务流程、制定干预策略提供循证依据。

方法

构建包含预约等候时间、就医总次数、诊断前准备、侵入性、准确性、自付费用6个属性的离散选择实验。在上海市某中心城区,通过受访者假设其为结直肠癌初筛阳性的情景下完成诊断方案选择偏好收集,并构建混合logit模型分析人群偏好与支付意愿。

结果

预约等候时间、诊断前准备、侵入性、准确性及自付费用对该人群诊断方案选择具有显著影响。诊断准确性是人群关注的核心属性,相对重要性占比53.61%;其次为诊断前准备/侵入性占比26.33%,人群愿意多花费623.50元从侵入性诊断转为非侵入性。

结论

人群结直肠癌诊断方案选择偏好是以准确性为主,不需要诊断前准备、非侵入性、短预约等候时间和低自付费用权衡选择的过程。建议各社区进一步加强肠镜诊断精准的相关健康教育,提供非侵入性诊断备选方案并提高转诊效率,以此促进人群诊断依从性,提升结直肠癌筛查工作成效和人群获益。

, authors=陈澍盈1, 谭泽宇2, 王晓蕾3, 顾海雁4, 孙梅2, 4, 井淇3, 张建华1, authorsList=陈澍盈, 谭泽宇, 王晓蕾, 顾海雁, 孙梅, 井淇, 张建华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=井淇, 张建华, authorNote=

陈澍盈(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

, correspAuthorsNote=
张建华和井淇为共同通信作者。
张建华, E-mail:
井淇, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=D2wvJFwM7AEaWPgUEWQ8tA==, magXml=bx13NK4gluqnAxr32lXx6w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=npUCky5LYUzfIZx/rCjnfA==, pdfFileSize=753980, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=TeadX0R2Vkd8Gxjc5Ib7pg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1311350063390089461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1311350063520112887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, authorId=1311350063390089461, language=EN, stringName=Shu-ying CHEN, firstName=Shu-ying, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1311350063595610361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, authorId=1311350063390089461, language=CN, stringName=陈澍盈, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053, bio={"content":"

陈澍盈(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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Patient Educ Couns, 2026, 147: 109544., articleTitle=Barriers and facilitators to colonoscopy adherence among populations with high risk of being diagnosed with colorectal cancer: A qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework and COM-B model, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350069945786672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, awardId=2022RW075, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”团队研究课题(2022RW075), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350063083905259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350063088099564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, companyId=1311350063083905259, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350063100682477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, companyId=1311350063083905259, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350063163597038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350063171985647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, companyId=1311350063163597038, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室/复旦大学公共卫生学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350063251677424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350063255871729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, companyId=1311350063251677424, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山东第二医科大学管理学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350063327174898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350063335563507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, companyId=1311350063327174898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.上海市徐汇区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350068993679654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Attributes and levels for diagnostic scheme preferences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性说明水平
1预约等候时间指从线上/线下进行诊断预约到实际诊断检查日期之间所间隔的天数。1=1天;2=3天;3=5天;4=7天
2就医总次数指完成所有结直肠癌诊断检查,需前往医院的总次数,包括预约、挂号、领取肠道准备材料、领取检查结果等相关环节。1=1天;2=2天;3=3天;4=4天
3诊断前准备指开展诊断检查前,是否需要进行肠道准备来保障检查效果。1=需要准备;2=不需要准备
4侵入性指检查过程中是否存在器械进入身体检查的情况。1=非侵入性检查;2=侵入性检查
5准确性在真正患有结直肠癌的人中,诊断方法能正确检出的比例。准确性数值越高,漏诊的人数越少。1=70%;2=80%;3=90%;4=100%
6自付费用指经医保报销结算后,仍需个人承担的费用。1=0元;2=400元;3=800元;4=1 200元
), ArticleFig(id=1311350069098537255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

人群诊断方案选择偏好属性及水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性说明水平
1预约等候时间指从线上/线下进行诊断预约到实际诊断检查日期之间所间隔的天数。1=1天;2=3天;3=5天;4=7天
2就医总次数指完成所有结直肠癌诊断检查,需前往医院的总次数,包括预约、挂号、领取肠道准备材料、领取检查结果等相关环节。1=1天;2=2天;3=3天;4=4天
3诊断前准备指开展诊断检查前,是否需要进行肠道准备来保障检查效果。1=需要准备;2=不需要准备
4侵入性指检查过程中是否存在器械进入身体检查的情况。1=非侵入性检查;2=侵入性检查
5准确性在真正患有结直肠癌的人中,诊断方法能正确检出的比例。准确性数值越高,漏诊的人数越少。1=70%;2=80%;3=90%;4=100%
6自付费用指经医保报销结算后,仍需个人承担的费用。1=0元;2=400元;3=800元;4=1 200元
), ArticleFig(id=1311350069207589160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Example of a choice set used in the DCE questionnaire

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性/水平方案1方案2
预约等候时间3天7天
就医总次数1次2次
诊断前准备不需要需要
侵入性非侵入性侵入性
准确性100%80%
自付费用400元0元
以上两种结直肠癌诊断方案,您更愿意选择哪一个?√
), ArticleFig(id=1311350069295669545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

离散选择实验问卷选择集示例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性/水平方案1方案2
预约等候时间3天7天
就医总次数1次2次
诊断前准备不需要需要
侵入性非侵入性侵入性
准确性100%80%
自付费用400元0元
以上两种结直肠癌诊断方案,您更愿意选择哪一个?√
), ArticleFig(id=1311350069450858794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Baseline characteristics of study participants (n=336)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别例数(N)构成比(%)
性别男性13038.7
女性20661.3
年龄A(岁)50≤A≤5910631.5
60≤A≤7523068.5
婚姻状况已婚32496.4
未婚30.9
离异20.6
丧偶72.1
受教育程度小学及以下175.1
初中11032.7
高中9227.4
中专298.6
大专3510.4
本科4914.6
硕士20.6
博士20.6
医保类型城镇职工医疗保险21965.2
城乡居民医疗保险11534.2
商业医疗保险10.3
没有保险10.3
个人年收入/退休金E(万元)≤56318.8
5<E≤1019558.0
10<E≤206920.5
20<E≤3061.8
E>3030.9
), ArticleFig(id=1311350069522161963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

受访者基本特征情况(n=336)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别例数(N)构成比(%)
性别男性13038.7
女性20661.3
年龄A(岁)50≤A≤5910631.5
60≤A≤7523068.5
婚姻状况已婚32496.4
未婚30.9
离异20.6
丧偶72.1
受教育程度小学及以下175.1
初中11032.7
高中9227.4
中专298.6
大专3510.4
本科4914.6
硕士20.6
博士20.6
医保类型城镇职工医疗保险21965.2
城乡居民医疗保险11534.2
商业医疗保险10.3
没有保险10.3
个人年收入/退休金E(万元)≤56318.8
5<E≤1019558.0
10<E≤206920.5
20<E≤3061.8
E>3030.9
), ArticleFig(id=1311350069597659436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression results of individuals diagnostic choice under mixed logit model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性及水平β(95%CI)SEP值
预约等候时间(以“7天”为对照)
1天0.437(0.214~0.660)0.114 <0.001
3天0.055(-0.168~0.278)0.114 0.626
5天-0.070(-0.278~0.138)0.106 0.509
就医总次数(以“4次”为对照)
1次0.140(-0.066~0.345)0.105 0.183
2次0.237(-0.014~0.487)0.128 0.064
3次0.014(-0.196~0.225)0.107 0.894
诊断前准备/侵入性(以“需要诊断前准备/侵入性检查”为对照
不需要准备/非侵入性检查0.813(0.589~1.037)0.114 <0.001
准确性(以“70%”为对照)
80%0.662(0.465~0.860)0.101 <0.001
90%1.856(1.590~2.122)0.136 <0.001
100%3.074(2.658~3.489)0.212 <0.001
自付费用-0.001(-0.002~-0.001)0.000 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350069668962605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

混合logit模型下人群结直肠癌诊断方案选择的回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性及水平β(95%CI)SEP值
预约等候时间(以“7天”为对照)
1天0.437(0.214~0.660)0.114 <0.001
3天0.055(-0.168~0.278)0.114 0.626
5天-0.070(-0.278~0.138)0.106 0.509
就医总次数(以“4次”为对照)
1次0.140(-0.066~0.345)0.105 0.183
2次0.237(-0.014~0.487)0.128 0.064
3次0.014(-0.196~0.225)0.107 0.894
诊断前准备/侵入性(以“需要诊断前准备/侵入性检查”为对照
不需要准备/非侵入性检查0.813(0.589~1.037)0.114 <0.001
准确性(以“70%”为对照)
80%0.662(0.465~0.860)0.101 <0.001
90%1.856(1.590~2.122)0.136 <0.001
100%3.074(2.658~3.489)0.212 <0.001
自付费用-0.001(-0.002~-0.001)0.000 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350069740265774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

WTP results of non-economic attributes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性及水平WTP(元)(95%CI)P值
预约等候时间(以“预约等候7天”对照)
7天→5天-20.57(-171.91~133.63)0.792
7天→3天42.37(-126.67~218.71)0.631
7天→1天321.76(155.14~499.08)<0.001
就医总次数(以“就医4次”为对照)
4天→3天31.05(-119.42~211.53)0.713
4天→2天151.01(-34.94~357.09)0.131
4天→1天104.44(-41.72~282.83)0.207
诊断前准备/侵入性(以“需要诊断前准备/侵入性检查”为对照)
需要准备/侵入性→不需要准备/非侵入性623.50(456.85~798.60)<0.001
准确性(以“准确性70%为对照”)
70%→80%498.85(352.26~655.19)<0.001
70%→90%1 462.15(1 227.62~1 751.48)<0.001
70%→100%2 446.36(2 079.98~2 882.78)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350069836734767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350060626043111, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

非经济属性支付意愿结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性及水平WTP(元)(95%CI)P值
预约等候时间(以“预约等候7天”对照)
7天→5天-20.57(-171.91~133.63)0.792
7天→3天42.37(-126.67~218.71)0.631
7天→1天321.76(155.14~499.08)<0.001
就医总次数(以“就医4次”为对照)
4天→3天31.05(-119.42~211.53)0.713
4天→2天151.01(-34.94~357.09)0.131
4天→1天104.44(-41.72~282.83)0.207
诊断前准备/侵入性(以“需要诊断前准备/侵入性检查”为对照)
需要准备/侵入性→不需要准备/非侵入性623.50(456.85~798.60)<0.001
准确性(以“准确性70%为对照”)
70%→80%498.85(352.26~655.19)<0.001
70%→90%1 462.15(1 227.62~1 751.48)<0.001
70%→100%2 446.36(2 079.98~2 882.78)<0.001
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基于离散选择实验的人群结直肠癌诊断方案选择偏好研究
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陈澍盈 1 , 谭泽宇 2 , 王晓蕾 3 , 顾海雁 4 , 孙梅 2, 4 , 井淇 3 , 张建华 1
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2026,53(12): 2208-2213
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现代预防医学 |基层卫生服务 2026 , 53 (12) : 2208 -2213
基于离散选择实验的人群结直肠癌诊断方案选择偏好研究
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陈澍盈1, 谭泽宇2, 王晓蕾3, 顾海雁4, 孙梅2, 4, 井淇3 , 张建华1
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室/复旦大学公共卫生学院
  • 3.山东第二医科大学管理学院
  • 4.上海市徐汇区疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
张建华和井淇为共同通信作者。
张建华, E-mail:
井淇, E-mail:
作者简介:

陈澍盈(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

Preferences for diagnostic strategies for colorectal cancer based on a discrete choice experiment
Shu-ying CHEN1, Ze-yu TAN2, Xiao-lei WANG3, Hai-yan GU4, Mei SUN2, 4, Qi JING3 , Jian-hua ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603241
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目的

探究人群结直肠癌诊断方案选择偏好及支付意愿,为优化“初筛—诊断”服务流程、制定干预策略提供循证依据。

方法

构建包含预约等候时间、就医总次数、诊断前准备、侵入性、准确性、自付费用6个属性的离散选择实验。在上海市某中心城区,通过受访者假设其为结直肠癌初筛阳性的情景下完成诊断方案选择偏好收集,并构建混合logit模型分析人群偏好与支付意愿。

结果

预约等候时间、诊断前准备、侵入性、准确性及自付费用对该人群诊断方案选择具有显著影响。诊断准确性是人群关注的核心属性,相对重要性占比53.61%;其次为诊断前准备/侵入性占比26.33%,人群愿意多花费623.50元从侵入性诊断转为非侵入性。

结论

人群结直肠癌诊断方案选择偏好是以准确性为主,不需要诊断前准备、非侵入性、短预约等候时间和低自付费用权衡选择的过程。建议各社区进一步加强肠镜诊断精准的相关健康教育,提供非侵入性诊断备选方案并提高转诊效率,以此促进人群诊断依从性,提升结直肠癌筛查工作成效和人群获益。

结直肠癌  /  筛查  /  诊断  /  偏好  /  离散选择实验
Objective

Toinvestigate population preferences and willingness to pay for colorectal cancer diagnostic strategies, andto provide evidence to optimize the initial screening and diagnosis service pathway and develop intervention strategies.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment was designed incorporating six attributes: appointment waiting time, number of healthcare visits, pre-diagnostic preparation, invasiveness, diagnostic accuracy, and out-of-pocket cost. In a central urban district of Shanghai, respondents were presented with a hypothetical scenario in which they had tested positive in an initial screening for colorectal cancer. Based on this scenario, their preferences for diagnostic strategies were elicited. A mixed logit model was subsequently employed to analyze population preferences and willingness to pay (WTP).

Results

Appointment waiting time, pre-diagnostic preparation, invasiveness, diagnostic accuracy and out-of-pocket cost had significant effects on respondents’ choices of diagnostic strategies. Diagnostic accuracy was the most important attribute, accounting for 53.61% of relative importance. This was followed by pre-diagnostic preparation and invasiveness, which together accounted for 26.33%. Respondents were willing to pay an additional 623.50 RMB to switch from an invasive to a non-invasive diagnostic option.

Conclusion

Preferences for colorectal cancer diagnostic strategies are primarily driven by diagnostic accuracy, with trade-offs involving the absence of pre-diagnostic preparation, non-invasiveness, shorter appointment waiting times, and lower out-of-pocket costs. It is recommended that communities further strengthen health education on the accuracy of colonoscopy diagnosis, provide non-invasive diagnostic alternatives, and improve referral efficiency. These measures may enhance population adherence to diagnostic procedures, thereby improving the effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening programs and maximizing population health benefits.

Colorectal cancer  /  Screening  /  Diagnosis  /  Preference  /  Discrete choice experiment
陈澍盈, 谭泽宇, 王晓蕾, 顾海雁, 孙梅, 井淇, 张建华. 基于离散选择实验的人群结直肠癌诊断方案选择偏好研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2208 -2213 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603241
Shu-ying CHEN, Ze-yu TAN, Xiao-lei WANG, Hai-yan GU, Mei SUN, Qi JING, Jian-hua ZHANG. Preferences for diagnostic strategies for colorectal cancer based on a discrete choice experiment[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2208 -2213 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603241
随着人口老龄化不断加重,居民饮食结构的改变及亚健康生活方式的影响,导致结直肠癌疾病负担日益严重[1-2]。2022年,我国结直肠癌在癌症发病谱中排名第二,标化发病率和死亡率均高于全球平均水平,疾病防治工作正面临巨大挑战[3]。我国已将结直肠癌筛查纳入重点癌症防控策略,但各地普遍存在初筛阳性人群肠镜诊断依从性较差的情况,个别地区诊断依从性甚至低于25%[4]。上海作为我国结直肠癌高发地区之一,自2013年起就依托社区卫生服务体系建立了覆盖居民的结直肠癌筛查项目,通过粪便免疫化学检测等方式开展初筛,并建议初筛阳性人群进行肠镜检查以明确诊断结果,该策略的实施在肿瘤早筛、早诊中取得一定成效[5],但在初筛阳性人群诊断依从性问题上仍略显不足。人群结直肠癌诊断依从性问题已成为影响筛查成效的关键因素[6-7]。而既往诊断依从性分析多聚焦影响因素研究[4],结直肠癌筛查与诊断偏好研究较少,主要为人群初筛方法选择偏好、疾病家族史人群诊断方案选择偏好以及一般人群与医护人员在诊断方案选择上的偏好差异进行分析,缺乏针对一般人群在诊断流程中对各环节的偏好研究[8]。本研究基于“以患者为中心”理念中医患共享决策将有助于提高人群治疗依从性和决策满意度的观点[9],以上海市居民为切口对此问题进行探索,在受访者假设自己为结直肠癌初筛阳性的情景下进行调查,并使用离散选择实验研究该人群结直肠癌诊断方案选择偏好,识别影响其诊断方案选择的关键属性,为决策者实施精准化干预、优化转诊服务流程及策略提供循证依据和研究路径探索。
本研究于2025年10月在上海市某中心城区选取不同区位的4家社区卫生服务中心,通过便利抽样法在全科门诊候诊区内开展为期两周的现场调研,各社区至少收集80份样本。调研员在明确告知受访者需要在假设其获知自己为结直肠癌初筛阳性的前提下,完成对诊断方案的选择。受访者纳入标准为50~75岁该中心城区常住居民,知情同意并自愿参与此次问卷调研。排除标准为已被确诊为结直肠癌的患者、有语言沟通障碍或认知障碍者。
通过文献回顾法、专题小组讨论法构建属性及水平池,随后对相关领域的5名临床医生、3名公共卫生人员和2名科研人员开展专家咨询。综合专家意见,合并相似属性并明确各属性说明。最终纳入6个属性及相关水平,包括:预约等候时间[10]、就医总次数[11]、诊断前准备[10,13]、侵入性[10,12-13]、准确性[6]和自付费用,见表1。
采用部分因子设计D-optimal试验并结合实际诊断方法的操作情况,将诊断前准备和侵入性两属性相互配对,即“侵入性检查”仅可对应“需要诊断前准备”,反之“非侵入性检查”对应“不需要诊断前准备”,最终获得18组选择集。考虑到本研究以假设情景为前提,为减小受访者对诊断方案的选择惰性、收集更多有效数据,本研究未设置推出选项,选择集示例见表2。此外,为减少受访者认知负担提升问卷完成率,将18对选择集随机分配到两个版本的问卷中[14],并分别加入1组重复选择集和1组绝对优选择集,以此控制受访者回答质量,最终偏好部分共包含11组选择集。
本研究自行设计调查问卷,内容涵盖受访者的社会人口学信息和选择偏好问题。基于Orme[15]提出的样本量计算方法计算最小样本量,公式:N≥500×C/(T×A),N为样本量,500为固定变量,C为最大水平数量,T为单份问卷的选择集对数,A为每个选择集的备选个数,计算获得本研究至少需要180例样本量。最终本研究调研收集有效问卷336例,满足样本量要求。
使用EpiData 3.1和Stata 17.0完成问卷录入和数据分析,分类资料以频数和构成比描述。构建混合logit模型分析人群选择偏好,并对相对重要性指标(relative importance, RI)和支付意愿(willingness to pay, WTP)进行分析。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共收集361份问卷,有效问卷336份,有效应答率93%。受访者中女性206人(61.3%)、男性130人(38.7%);60~75岁230人(68.5%);已婚324人(96.4%),受过高中及以上教育209人(62.2%);持城镇职工医疗保险219人(65.2%):个人年收入/退休金5~10万元区间195人(58.0%),详见表3。
离散选择实验结果显示,预约等候时间、诊断前准备、侵入性、准确性和自付费用各属性均有水平对该人群诊断方案选择具有显著影响(P<0.05)。准确性属性对人群诊断方案选择促进作用较强,随准确性水平提升,回归系数(β)呈上升趋势,相较于准确性70%,准确性100%具有最强人群偏好(β=3.074),随后为90%(β=1.856)和80%(β=0.662);诊断前准备和侵入性层面,相较于需要诊断前准备的侵入性诊断形式,不需要准备且非侵入性检查的方案更具人群偏好(β=0.813);预约等候时间层面,相较于预约等候7天,预约等候1天更具人群偏好(β=0.437);自付费用层面,人群偏好选择较低的自付费用(β=-0.001),即人群诊断方案选择概率随自付费用增加而降低。见表4。
诊断方法的准确性(53.61%)是人群在诊断选择中最关注的属性,其次是诊断前准备/侵入性属性(26.33%),就医总次数(11.76%),自付费用(5.35%),最后是预约等候时间(2.95%)。
结果显示,“预约等候时间”(预约等候1天)、“诊断前准备/侵入性”(不需要准备/非侵入性)和“准确性”(80%、90%、100%)所对应的支付意愿均具有统计学意义。人群对准确性属性具有较高支付意愿,当准确性从70%提升至100%具有最高人群支付意愿,为2 446.36元(95%CI: 2 079.98~2 882.78);准确性从70%上升至90%,支付意愿为1 462.15元(95%CI:1 227.62~1 751.48);准确性从70%上升至80%,人群支付意愿为498.85元(95%CI: 352.26~655.19)。若诊断检查的形式由需要诊断前准备的侵入性检查转为不需要诊断前准备的非侵入性检查,人群支付意愿为623.50元(95%CI: 456.85~798.60)。此外,在“预约等候时间”属性中,若预约等候时间从7天缩短为1天,人群愿意为此多支付321.76元(95%CI: 155.14~499.08)获得该水平提升。见表5。
本研究在上海市某中心城区选取4家社区卫生服务中心,于全科门诊候诊区开展现场调查。社区全科门诊就诊人群以中老年慢性病患者和健康管理人群为主,而上海市实施的结直肠癌筛查重点目标人群主要为50至75岁,与本研究纳入的受访者来自同一群体。因此,在假设初筛阳性的情景下收集该人群的诊断方案选择偏好,具备一定的人群代表性。从人口学构成来看,本研究样本中女性占61.3%,60至75岁人群占68.5%,与上海市社区筛查中女性参与度较高、多为60至75岁人群为主的筛查人群构成较为一致[5]。因此,本研究结果可为上海市中心城区,或者部分经济发达地区的结直肠癌早诊早治策略制定提供参考与借鉴。此外,本研究创新之处在于为不同经济发展水平、医疗资源配置、群众健康素养地区促进人群诊断依从性提供了新的研究方法与策略制定优化思路,全国各地区可基于自身情况设置结直肠癌诊断关键属性及水平开展人群偏好研究,并根据研究结果实施例如减免自付费用、加强健康教育、改善诊断检查可及性等诊断策略优化[16]。
诊断方法的准确性是影响人群选择诊断方案最重要的属性,且人群支付意愿随准确性提升而升高。这一结果揭示了当个体面临潜在癌症风险时,会更加关注诊断结果的精准、可靠和漏诊风险,这与既往研究报告的准确性在癌症检查中始终被视为核心选择依据的结论一致[17]。但不同健康认知、经济水平差异人群在诊断方案选择上的关注重点存在差异,一项在山东地区开展的结直肠癌筛查偏好研究结果发现费用是人群最关注的属性[18],因此不同地区实施的诊断策略优化路径应有所差异。肠镜作为结直肠癌诊断的“金标准”,其技术优势体现在高准确性和诊疗一体的临床价值上,与本研究中人群对诊断准确性的核心诉求高度契合。建议上海市各社区卫生服务中心在初筛结果告知和诊断方案推广中,进一步将提升人群诊断方案的准确性认知作为关键干预切入点,突出肠镜和病理学检查的技术权威性。将人群对准确性的追求转化为人群接受肠镜诊断的实际行为,切实提升人群的诊断依从性。
本研究结果发现,受访者倾向于选择不需要肠道准备的非侵入性诊断形式,并愿意为该诊断形式转变支付额外费用。这一发现揭示了即便人们知晓肠镜具有准确性优势,但部分人群仍会对诊断形式、肠道准备繁琐和时间花费过长而产生犹豫甚至拒绝诊断的行为。肠镜诊断的侵入性与不适感是阻碍人群肠镜依从性的重要原因之一[10,12-13],同时人群对肠道准备和肠镜检查的认知局限性也进一步加剧人们对肠镜诊断的畏惧心理[19]。已有研究表明,通过健康宣教可有效提升人群肠镜依从性与就医满意度[20]。因此,建议各医疗机构持续通过文字、视频等形式普及相关健康教育,降低人群因不了解肠镜诊断方法而产生不必要的恐惧和退缩心理。除肠镜诊断检查外,初筛阳性结果还可通过胶囊内镜、CT结肠成像、盆腔MRI等方法进一步确认初筛阳性结果[5]。在医患双方充分沟通、共同决策的基础上,建议对例如无法通过麻醉评估但又不愿忍受肠镜疼痛的老年群体提供合理的替代方案,进一步判定筛查结果。
预约等候时间和就医总次数是关于诊断方案便捷程度的衡量属性。就医总次数在离散选择模型中未表现出统计学意义,但在属性相对重要性分析中占比高于自付费用和预约等候时间。究其原因可能为现阶段受访者普遍认为完成诊断检查所需往返医院的次数,并非由被检查者所能主导,但对于部分在职、行动不便人群,多次往返医院带来的时间成本和流程负担仍是隐性的依从阻力[21]。研究结果中,人群愿意支付额外的费用获得预约等候时间缩短,也突显出快速获取诊断服务在人群心中的价值。当前初筛到诊断的服务流程存在环节分散、流程衔接不畅等问题,建议通过开设转诊绿色通道、普及快递形式发放肠道准备药物、简化就诊流程来减少高危人群非必要的就诊往返次数和等待时间。
人群在假设结直肠癌初筛阳性的前提下对诊断方案的选择偏好是以100%准确性为主导,缩短预约等候时间、不需要诊断前准备、非侵入性诊断形式和低自付费用综合权衡的结果。决策者应基于人群偏好证据,建议相关医疗机构进一步强化初筛阳性结果告知环节对肠镜诊断高准确性和诊疗一体化优势的情况告知、提供诊断备选方案、提升转诊效率,以此促进人群诊断依从性,提高筛查实施效能和公共卫生资源利用效率。
本研究存在一定局限性,基于模型拟合度限制,通过定性研究方法仅纳入6个相关属性,可能存在选择偏倚;受访者未直接招募结直肠癌初筛阳性人群,而是基于假设情景的方式完成人群诊断方案选择,也未在全市或全国范围内随机招募受访者,受访者代表性有限,未来考虑基于项目扩大抽样范围,弥补以上不足。
  • 山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”团队研究课题(2022RW075)
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2026年第53卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603241
  • 接收时间:2026-03-16
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-16
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山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”团队研究课题(2022RW075)
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    1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室/复旦大学公共卫生学院
    3.山东第二医科大学管理学院
    4.上海市徐汇区疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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