Article(id=1311350312821162448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603160, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1773158400000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579878287, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579878287, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579878287, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579878287, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311350193946194882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='15', pageStart='2689', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579849945, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588319569, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385718195315029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385718195315030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350193946194882, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2799, endPage=2804, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350313097986513, articleId=1311350312821162448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Direct-to-consumer teleconsultation preferences of social media users for doctors: a discrete choice experiment, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To assess physician selection preferences and willingness to pay among social media users in direct-to-consumer teleconsultations for minor common conditions.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment was conducted among users of WeChat and Rednote who had used at least one medical app and logged into social media ≥3 times in the past three months.Snowball sampling covered East, South, Southwest, and Northwest China. An orthogonal design generated choice sets with five attributes: consultation price, hospital level, physician gender, professional title, and post-consultation rating. A mixed logit model estimated preference coefficients and willingness to pay.

Results

A total of 190 valid responses from 42 cities were analyzed, of which 73.68% were from participants aged 18-24 years. Participants preferred physicians with positive ratings (vs.neutral/negative, β=0.70, P<0.001), lower consultation prices (per ¥1 increase, β=-0.52, P<0.001), associate chief physicians(vs. chief/attending, β=0.43, P<0.001), and physicians from tertiary grade A hospitals (vs. hospitals below the tertiary grade A level, β=0.30, P<0.001). Physician gender showed no significant effect (P>0.05). Willingness to pay premiums was ¥103.43(95% CI: 39.94-166.92) for positively rated physicians, ¥64.55 (95% CI: 36.01-93.09) for associate chief physicians, and¥44.60 (95% CI: 26.49-62.72) for physicians from tertiary grade A hospitals.

Conclusion

In teleconsultations for minor common conditions, the influence of traditional medical signals is attenuated, while post-consultation ratings become the primary determinant of user choice.

, authors=Yu-ting WAN1, Wen-jun HE2, 3, Yun-yun XIE4, Xin-yi RAO5, Zi-yan HAO6, Xin-yu LI5, Chun-li ZHANG7, Rui ZHAO8, Qing-qing LI2, 3, Meng-jun ZHANG8, Run WANG2, 3, Jun-lin ZHU1, Chao-yue HE4, Huan-yuan LUO2, 3, Chang-chang LI2, 3, Dong XU1, 3, 9, authorsList=Yu-ting WAN, Wen-jun HE, Yun-yun XIE, Xin-yi RAO, Zi-yan HAO, Xin-yu LI, Chun-li ZHANG, Rui ZHAO, Qing-qing LI, Meng-jun ZHANG, Run WANG, Jun-lin ZHU, Chao-yue HE, Huan-yuan LUO, Chang-chang LI, Dong XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chang-chang LI, Dong XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350315312579030, articleId=1311350312821162448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=社交媒体用户互联网医疗择医偏好的离散选择实验研究, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

评估社交媒体用户在互联网常见病轻问诊场景中的择医偏好及支付意愿。

方法

采用离散选择实验对微信和小红书用户(可使用≥1款医疗APP且近3月社交媒体登陆≥3次)开展调查。滚雪球抽样覆盖华东、华南、西南、西北。通过正交设计构建包含问诊价格、医院等级、医生性别、医学职称、诊后评价五项属性的择医情境。采用混合logit模型估计偏好系数,计算支付意愿。

结果

共收到来自42个城市的190份有效问卷,其中18~24岁人群占73.68%。分析显示用户更偏好好评医生(vs. 中/差评,β=0.70, P<0.001)、低问诊价格(每增加1元,β=-0.52, P<0.001)、副主任医生(vs.主任/主治医师,β=0.43, P<0.001)、三甲医院医生(vs.三甲以下,β=0.30, P<0.001),对医生性别偏好无统计学意义(P>0.05)。受访者愿为好评医生、副主任医生、三甲医院医生额外支付103.43(95% CI: 39.94~166.92)、64.55(95% CI: 36.01~93.09)和44.60元(95% CI: 26.49~62.72)。

结论

在互联网常见病轻问诊场景中,传统医疗信号的影响力相对弱化,诊后评价成为影响社交媒体用户决策的核心要素。

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万御婷(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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李畅畅,E-mail:
徐东,E-mail:
李畅畅与徐东为共同通信作者
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Attributes and levels used in the DCE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性水平说明
问诊价格[13]选项1(20元/图文;50元/电话)基于现有问诊平台标准,对不同形式的各层次价格用具体数字呈现
选项2(60元/图文;100元/电话)
选项3(100元/图文;150元/电话)
医院等级[6-7]三级甲等医院等级依据平台常见展示口径进行二分类设置(三级甲等/三级甲等以下)
三级甲等以下
医生性别[6,14]男医生性别为平台常见披露信息之一(通常通过头像呈现)
女
医学职称[15]主任医师为降低选择任务复杂度,本研究将“主治医师”与“住院医师”合并为同一水平(主治/住院医师)
副主任医师
主治/住院医师
诊后评价[3, 14, 16-18]好评不同平台评分口径存在差异,为保证评价信息的一致性,研究中将连续星级评分操作化为三类评价水平:好评(4.5~5 星)、中评(2.5~4 星)和差评(0~2 星)
一般
差评
), ArticleFig(id=1311350324661682764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

DCE属性及其水平设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性水平说明
问诊价格[13]选项1(20元/图文;50元/电话)基于现有问诊平台标准,对不同形式的各层次价格用具体数字呈现
选项2(60元/图文;100元/电话)
选项3(100元/图文;150元/电话)
医院等级[6-7]三级甲等医院等级依据平台常见展示口径进行二分类设置(三级甲等/三级甲等以下)
三级甲等以下
医生性别[6,14]男医生性别为平台常见披露信息之一(通常通过头像呈现)
女
医学职称[15]主任医师为降低选择任务复杂度,本研究将“主治医师”与“住院医师”合并为同一水平(主治/住院医师)
副主任医师
主治/住院医师
诊后评价[3, 14, 16-18]好评不同平台评分口径存在差异,为保证评价信息的一致性,研究中将连续星级评分操作化为三类评价水平:好评(4.5~5 星)、中评(2.5~4 星)和差评(0~2 星)
一般
差评
), ArticleFig(id=1311350324737180237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Quality control choice set for the DCE

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属性医生A医生B
性别男男
医师职称主任医师主治/住院医师
诊后评价好评差评
医院等级三甲三甲以下
问诊价格20/图文 50/电话100/图文 150/电话
), ArticleFig(id=1311350324879786574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

DCE质量控制集

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性医生A医生B
性别男男
医师职称主任医师主治/住院医师
诊后评价好评差评
医院等级三甲三甲以下
问诊价格20/图文 50/电话100/图文 150/电话
), ArticleFig(id=1311350324963672655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sociodemographic characteristics of respondents (n=190)

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变量频数构成比(%)
年龄(岁)18~2414073.68
25~30168.42
31~40178.95
>40178.95
性别男5629.47
女13470.53
月可支配收入(元)<3 00011862.11
3 000~<5 0002513.16
5 000~8 0002211.58
> 8 0002513.16
身份学生12264.21
社会人士6835.79
医学相关专业或职业是5528.95
否13571.05
文化程度大专以下1910.00
大专2714.21
本科13168.95
研究生及以上136.84
有互联网就医经验*是6031.58
否13068.42
), ArticleFig(id=1311350325085307472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

受访者的社会人口特征(n=190)

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变量频数构成比(%)
年龄(岁)18~2414073.68
25~30168.42
31~40178.95
>40178.95
性别男5629.47
女13470.53
月可支配收入(元)<3 00011862.11
3 000~<5 0002513.16
5 000~8 0002211.58
> 8 0002513.16
身份学生12264.21
社会人士6835.79
医学相关专业或职业是5528.95
否13571.05
文化程度大专以下1910.00
大专2714.21
本科13168.95
研究生及以上136.84
有互联网就医经验*是6031.58
否13068.42
), ArticleFig(id=1311350325156610641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mixed logit model coefficients and WTP estimates for teleconsultation physician preferences among social media users

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变量偏好支付意愿
β(95%CI)标准误WTP(元,95%CI)
问诊价格-0.52 (-0.71~-0.32)***0.10—
医院等级(参照:三甲以下)0.30 ( 0.11~0.49)***0.0944.60 (26.49~62.72)
医生性别(参照:女)0.11 (-0.04~0.25)0.08—
医学职称(参照:主治/住院医师)——
副主任医师0.43 (0.22~0.64)***0.1164.55 (36.01~93.09)
主任医师0.38 (0.17~0.59)***0.1159.95 (26.41~93.49)
诊后评价(参照:差评)——
中评0.39 (0.18~0.59)***0.1062.31 (13.73~110.90)
好评0.70 (0.45~0.94)***0.12103.43 (39.94~166.92)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350325219525202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

社交媒体用户互联网择医偏好的混合logit模型系数与支付意愿估计

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变量偏好支付意愿
β(95%CI)标准误WTP(元,95%CI)
问诊价格-0.52 (-0.71~-0.32)***0.10—
医院等级(参照:三甲以下)0.30 ( 0.11~0.49)***0.0944.60 (26.49~62.72)
医生性别(参照:女)0.11 (-0.04~0.25)0.08—
医学职称(参照:主治/住院医师)——
副主任医师0.43 (0.22~0.64)***0.1164.55 (36.01~93.09)
主任医师0.38 (0.17~0.59)***0.1159.95 (26.41~93.49)
诊后评价(参照:差评)——
中评0.39 (0.18~0.59)***0.1062.31 (13.73~110.90)
好评0.70 (0.45~0.94)***0.12103.43 (39.94~166.92)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350325278245459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Choice preferences when teleconsultation doctor attribute levels change

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变量选择概率变化(%,95%CI)标准误
问诊价格(元,参照:50)
100-32.90 (-0.44~-0.21)0.06
150-59.38 (-0.76~-0.43)0.09
医院等级(参照:三甲以下)
三甲29.58 ( 0.13~0.47)0.09
医学职称(参照:主治/住院医师)
副主任医师41.47 ( 0.24~0.59)0.09
主任医师39.83 ( 0.19~0.58)0.10
诊后评价(参照:差评)
中评40.19 ( 0.21~0.59)0.10
好评60.88 ( 0.45~0.77)0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1311350325357937236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

互联网医生属性水平变化时选择偏好情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选择概率变化(%,95%CI)标准误
问诊价格(元,参照:50)
100-32.90 (-0.44~-0.21)0.06
150-59.38 (-0.76~-0.43)0.09
医院等级(参照:三甲以下)
三甲29.58 ( 0.13~0.47)0.09
医学职称(参照:主治/住院医师)
副主任医师41.47 ( 0.24~0.59)0.09
主任医师39.83 ( 0.19~0.58)0.10
诊后评价(参照:差评)
中评40.19 ( 0.21~0.59)0.10
好评60.88 ( 0.45~0.77)0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1311350325425046101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Sensitivity analyses of teleconsultation preferences under different sample restrictions

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变量全样本(n=190)有互联网就医经验 (n=60)25岁及以上 (n=50)
β标准误β标准误β标准误
问诊价格-0.52 ***0.10-0.67**0.23-0.190.18
医院等级(参照:三甲以下)0.30 ***0.090.65**0.240.080.18
医生性别(参照:女)0.110.080.38*0.180.110.14
医学职称(参照:主治医师)
副主任医师0.43 ***0.110.57*0.240.360.20
主任医师0.38 ***0.110.73**0.250.47*0.23
诊后评价(参照:差评)
中评0.39 ***0.100.390.220.350.20
好评0.70 ***0.120.91***0.270.64**0.24
), ArticleFig(id=1311350325500543574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350312821162448, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

敏感性分析(不同样本限制下互联网择医偏好估计结果)

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变量全样本(n=190)有互联网就医经验 (n=60)25岁及以上 (n=50)
β标准误β标准误β标准误
问诊价格-0.52 ***0.10-0.67**0.23-0.190.18
医院等级(参照:三甲以下)0.30 ***0.090.65**0.240.080.18
医生性别(参照:女)0.110.080.38*0.180.110.14
医学职称(参照:主治医师)
副主任医师0.43 ***0.110.57*0.240.360.20
主任医师0.38 ***0.110.73**0.250.47*0.23
诊后评价(参照:差评)
中评0.39 ***0.100.390.220.350.20
好评0.70 ***0.120.91***0.270.64**0.24
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社交媒体用户互联网医疗择医偏好的离散选择实验研究
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万御婷 1 , 何文俊 2, 3 , 谢昀筠 4 , 饶欣怡 5 , 郝紫颜 6 , 李芯玉 5 , 张春丽 7 , 赵芮 8 , 李青青 2, 3 , 章梦君 8 , 王润 2, 3 , 朱俊林 1 , 何钞月 4 , 骆焕园 2, 3 , 李畅畅 2, 3 , 徐东 1, 3, 9
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(15): 2799-2804
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (15) : 2799 -2804
社交媒体用户互联网医疗择医偏好的离散选择实验研究
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万御婷1, 何文俊2, 3, 谢昀筠4, 饶欣怡5, 郝紫颜6, 李芯玉5, 张春丽7, 赵芮8, 李青青2, 3, 章梦君8, 王润2, 3, 朱俊林1, 何钞月4, 骆焕园2, 3, 李畅畅2, 3 , 徐东1, 3, 9
作者信息
  • 1. 南方医科大学卫生管理学院卫生管理学系Acacia实施科学实验室,广东 广州 510515
  • 2. 南方医科大学皮肤病医院,广东 广州 510091
  • 3. 南方医科大学全球健康研究院,广东 广州 510091
  • 4. 南方医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 5. 南方医科大学卫生管理学院
  • 6. 湖南师范大学教育科学学院
  • 7. 中山大学公共卫生学院
  • 8. 南方医科大学深圳医院
  • 9. 南方医科大学世界卫生组织研究中心,广东 广州 510515
通讯作者:
李畅畅,E-mail:
徐东,E-mail:
李畅畅与徐东为共同通信作者
作者简介:

万御婷(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

Direct-to-consumer teleconsultation preferences of social media users for doctors: a discrete choice experiment
Yu-ting WAN1, Wen-jun HE2, 3, Yun-yun XIE4, Xin-yi RAO5, Zi-yan HAO6, Xin-yu LI5, Chun-li ZHANG7, Rui ZHAO8, Qing-qing LI2, 3, Meng-jun ZHANG8, Run WANG2, 3, Jun-lin ZHU1, Chao-yue HE4, Huan-yuan LUO2, 3, Chang-chang LI2, 3 , Dong XU1, 3, 9
Affiliations
  • Acacia Lab for Implementation Science, Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603160
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目的

评估社交媒体用户在互联网常见病轻问诊场景中的择医偏好及支付意愿。

方法

采用离散选择实验对微信和小红书用户(可使用≥1款医疗APP且近3月社交媒体登陆≥3次)开展调查。滚雪球抽样覆盖华东、华南、西南、西北。通过正交设计构建包含问诊价格、医院等级、医生性别、医学职称、诊后评价五项属性的择医情境。采用混合logit模型估计偏好系数,计算支付意愿。

结果

共收到来自42个城市的190份有效问卷,其中18~24岁人群占73.68%。分析显示用户更偏好好评医生(vs. 中/差评,β=0.70, P<0.001)、低问诊价格(每增加1元,β=-0.52, P<0.001)、副主任医生(vs.主任/主治医师,β=0.43, P<0.001)、三甲医院医生(vs.三甲以下,β=0.30, P<0.001),对医生性别偏好无统计学意义(P>0.05)。受访者愿为好评医生、副主任医生、三甲医院医生额外支付103.43(95% CI: 39.94~166.92)、64.55(95% CI: 36.01~93.09)和44.60元(95% CI: 26.49~62.72)。

结论

在互联网常见病轻问诊场景中,传统医疗信号的影响力相对弱化,诊后评价成为影响社交媒体用户决策的核心要素。

在线问诊  /  离散选择实验  /  偏好  /  支付意愿
Objective

To assess physician selection preferences and willingness to pay among social media users in direct-to-consumer teleconsultations for minor common conditions.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment was conducted among users of WeChat and Rednote who had used at least one medical app and logged into social media ≥3 times in the past three months.Snowball sampling covered East, South, Southwest, and Northwest China. An orthogonal design generated choice sets with five attributes: consultation price, hospital level, physician gender, professional title, and post-consultation rating. A mixed logit model estimated preference coefficients and willingness to pay.

Results

A total of 190 valid responses from 42 cities were analyzed, of which 73.68% were from participants aged 18-24 years. Participants preferred physicians with positive ratings (vs.neutral/negative, β=0.70, P<0.001), lower consultation prices (per ¥1 increase, β=-0.52, P<0.001), associate chief physicians(vs. chief/attending, β=0.43, P<0.001), and physicians from tertiary grade A hospitals (vs. hospitals below the tertiary grade A level, β=0.30, P<0.001). Physician gender showed no significant effect (P>0.05). Willingness to pay premiums was ¥103.43(95% CI: 39.94-166.92) for positively rated physicians, ¥64.55 (95% CI: 36.01-93.09) for associate chief physicians, and¥44.60 (95% CI: 26.49-62.72) for physicians from tertiary grade A hospitals.

Conclusion

In teleconsultations for minor common conditions, the influence of traditional medical signals is attenuated, while post-consultation ratings become the primary determinant of user choice.

Online doctor consultations  /  Discrete choice experiment  /  Preferences  /  Willingness-to-pay
万御婷, 何文俊, 谢昀筠, 饶欣怡, 郝紫颜, 李芯玉, 张春丽, 赵芮, 李青青, 章梦君, 王润, 朱俊林, 何钞月, 骆焕园, 李畅畅, 徐东. 社交媒体用户互联网医疗择医偏好的离散选择实验研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (15) : 2799 -2804 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603160
Yu-ting WAN, Wen-jun HE, Yun-yun XIE, Xin-yi RAO, Zi-yan HAO, Xin-yu LI, Chun-li ZHANG, Rui ZHAO, Qing-qing LI, Meng-jun ZHANG, Run WANG, Jun-lin ZHU, Chao-yue HE, Huan-yuan LUO, Chang-chang LI, Dong XU. Direct-to-consumer teleconsultation preferences of social media users for doctors: a discrete choice experiment[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (15) : 2799 -2804 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603160
“互联网+医疗健康”政策促进我国互联网医疗蓬勃发展,形成互联网诊疗、互联网医院、远程医疗三种模式[1]。其中,互联网诊疗借助第三方平台(如好大夫、微医等)提供轻问诊和复诊服务,具有医生丰富、及时等优势,是覆盖范围最广的一种形式[2]。互联网诊疗在带来便利的同时,其网络为媒介的服务形式使患者择医面临更复杂的情景[3]。
各平台通过提供医生信息辅助决策,但各类信息对患者择医的影响既往研究尚无一致结论,披露界面缺乏统一参考标准。既往关于互联网择医偏好的研究多聚焦于两类场景:一是基于线下全人群的普适性研究[4-5],这往往反映的是社会平均偏好,掩盖了互联网信息获取的差异;二是针对慢性病或心理咨询等特定疾病[6-7],此类场景下用户更依赖长期信任关系。相比之下,在互联网高频应用的常见病轻问诊场景中,用户易受社交媒体驱动[8],倾向于通过微信、小红书获取医疗口碑信息[9],并在第三方平台完成决策。
在常见病诊疗情境下,传统医疗信号对互联网择医偏好影响是否会被网评削弱?现有研究尚未能精准回答这一细分领域的权衡机制。因此,本研究聚焦于社交媒体用户,引入源于卫生经济学的离散选择实验(discrete choice experiment, DCE)方法。相较于传统问卷答复,DCE能模拟真实的权衡情景,量化用户对问诊价格、医院等级、医师职称、医师性别及诊后评价五个属性的偏好强度和支付意愿,为优化互联网诊疗平台的信息披露设计提供证据支持。
研究对象为社交媒体用户,纳入能至少使用一款主流医疗APP,且近3月登录社交媒体≥3次的微信或小红书用户。排除18岁以下人群,因为其多不具备线上注册及支付条件。样本量计算采用拇指法则[10]:
最大水平数c=3,每问卷选择题数t=5,选项数a=2,至少需调查150人。基于预试验,无效问卷约12%,故至少调查168人。2023年5月实施正式调查,数据通过问卷星平台采集,由华南、华东、西南、西北的四名种子调查员通过微信群、朋友圈及小红书用户推荐机制以滚雪球抽样进行招募。为保障网络招募数据质量,应答者由调查员依据统一的研究对象界定进行初步筛选。
DCE是一种成熟的陈述偏好测量方法,可用于模拟互联网诊疗市场,量化用户对在线医生属性的偏好及支付意愿。研究遵循世界卫生组织的DCE案例指南[11],报告期写参照DCE报告清单(discrete choice experiment reporting checklist,DCE-RCT)规范完成[12]。
采用文献回顾与专家论证明确医生属性,见表1。
采用SPSS 26.0进行正交设计生成16组A选项,剔除3组不符合现实的选项,然后通过镜像配对法生成13组B选项[19],最后形成13对AB选择集。所有选择集随机分配至3版问卷[20],每版含4~5对选择集及1对质量控制集,见表2[21]。若调查对象选择质控集的B项则判为无效问卷。
调查问卷包括(1)社会学人口特征及互联网就医经验。(2)选择偏好:“假如现在需要通过互联网诊疗平台对常见病问诊,医师A和B,您更倾向选择哪种。
采用stata17.0进行统计分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。基于随机效用理论,将受访者的选择(A或B)作为因变量,医生属性作为自变量。采用混合logit模型评估与个体特征相关的选择偏好差异。根据回归系数β,计算患者为每个属性的支付意愿及预测概率改变[22]。基于条件logit模型按受访者特征,比较不同亚组的偏好系数差异。采用与主分析一致的模型进行敏感性分析,评估非概率抽样下样本构成差异的潜在影响。检验水准α= 0.05。
共收集到42个城市的226份问卷,其中190份合格。18~24岁受访者占总人数的73.68%,71.05%为非医学生,31.58%有互联网就医经历。见表3。
混合logit模型结果显示,除医师性别外,其余属性均显著(P<0.01)。影响程度依次为好评医生(vs. 中/差评,β=0.70)、低问诊价格(每增加1元,β=-0.52)、副主任医生(vs.主任/主治医师,β=0.43)、三甲医院医生(vs.三甲以下,β=0.30)。见表4。
如表4所示,用户对好评医生、副主任医师、主任医师、三甲医院医生的支付意愿分别是103.43、64.55、59.95和44.6元。
为便于直观比较单一属性水平变化对选择概率的影响,本研究在表5中设定了基础参照情境。采用低基线情境有助于避免高配置情境下高估属性效应。结果显示,诊后评价由差评变为好评,可使新情景相对于基线被选择概率提高60.88个百分点,而问诊价格由50元增至150元时,则使选择概率降低59.38个百分点。
亚组分析显示:医学相关专业背景者比非医学专业背景用户对中评更敏感;月可支配收入5 000~8 000元、硕士及以上学历人员更侧重于好评;月可支配收入3 000~5000元、本科学历者对价格最敏感(边际效用变化β=-1.23,95% CI: -2.06~-0.40)。大专以下学历群体更关注职称(β=0.89,95% CI: 0.02~1.77)。有互联网就医经验者更重视医院等级(β=0.54,95% CI: 0.13~0.94)。见图1。
在仅包含有互联网就医经验的60位受访者中,各属性方向仍然一致且显著,评价属性的效应系数更高(β=0.91,95% CI: 0.38~1.44)。在25岁以上的50位受访者中,好评仍然显著影响选择(β=0.64,95% CI: 0.17~1.10),但价格和医院等级不再显著。总体而言,样本结构主要影响效应强度,而未改变核心结论的方向与排序。见表6。
本研究发现除医生性别外,问诊价格、医院等级、医师职称、及诊后评价均会影响社交媒体用户互联网择医偏好(P<0.01)。诊后评价影响最大,用户愿意为好评医生额外支付103.43元;其次是问诊价格,价格越低越受欢迎(β=-0.52);以及主任医师(β=0.38)、副主任医师(β=0.43)和三甲医院医生(β=0.30)。择医偏好受个人收入、教育水平、专业背景和使用经验影响。敏感性分析显示,在有互联网就医经验及≥25岁人群中,结果方向一致。
本研究发现好评医生的支付意愿显著高于其余非价格属性,用户对其支付意愿几乎等于三甲医院与副主任职称之和。本研究与2022年以后的文献一致。伟奇等[5]的研究发现居民更愿意选择中(161.6元)、高(123.0元)医生推荐指数;Wang等[4]发现中国居民愿意为评价等级高的医生额外支付107元。本研究与2021年前的研究发现不一致,可能的原因是2022年后互联网诊疗服务应用更加普遍[1],网络口碑评价在互联网消费中得以广泛使用,使得互联网医疗用户对医疗服务质量的评价,从依赖传统医院声誉转向网评等此类非制度信号。本研究的概率模拟进一步证实了诊后评价可以有效弥补职称等传统信号的不足。
值得注意的是,本研究发现用户对问诊价格十分敏感,当诊费从50元提至150元时,用户选择概率下降59.38%。对此可解释为,潜在用户对互联网诊疗持观望态度,未知质量医生的可替代性较高[14,23]。建议通过体验建立初始信任。目前已有平台为新用户提供“首单三甲医生问诊补贴”。
本研究发现医生性别偏好不显著,挑战了线下就医场景中的性别刻板印象。与心理咨询用户偏好女性医生不同[7],本研究中性别属性未达显著性,这种差异可能源于服务类型对沟通模式的差异化要求:心理疏导依赖情感共鸣,而常见病诊疗更注重信息传递效率。然而也有研究表明,在在线医生咨询中,男医生比女医生表现出更高水平的情感关注[24]。总的来说,社交媒体用户并不在意互联网医师性别。
此外,在职称属性上,高级职称总体更受偏好,但副主任与主任医生之间的效用差异不显著(β_associate - β_chief = 0.049, 95% CI: -0.086~0.183)。这一结果提示,在常见病情境下,高级职称内部的区分度可能有限[25]。何等[26]的研究也显示高级职称医生对患者择医影响存在边际效应递减现象。同时,副主任医师偏好略高于主任医师这一结果亦可能受现实平台与价格结构影响。在现实互联网诊疗定价与接诊模式下,主任医生在线出诊频率相对较低、可及性受限[27],因而即便在实验情境中,也可能削弱受访者对最高职称的选择倾向[28]。
本研究发现 高收入群体偏好网络评价,中等收入群体价格敏感。大专以下群体更偏好高职称,医学相关专业反而对职称和医院等级祛魅,反映专业判断弱化了传统信息的影响[25]。有互联网就医经验者更关注医院等级,且较其他用户权衡更全面。
针对不同人群对不同医生属性偏好的差异,需建立差异化定价机制,在满足高收入群体对好评、三甲医生需求的同时,提升价格敏感群体的服务可及性[29]。建议向医学背景用户展示专业数据,如“治疗方案采纳率”“最新指南引用次数”,双向助力医生提升诊疗服务质量。建议给初次使用者突出显示“三甲医院医生在线接诊”的醒目标签,降低决策门槛。同时监管部门需防止“三甲标签”的滥用。
本研究由于采用非概率抽样,样本以年轻群体为主,与中青年为核心的互联网医疗用户存在一定差异,可能影响偏好估计的外推性。敏感性分析显示,各属性效应方向和排序保持一致,但好评在年轻用户中的效应强度可能被高估,在经验用户中可能被低估。其次,由于各平台评分差异,本研究将其标准化为好、中、差三个等级,故好评相关结果难以与现实情况精准对应;且平台好评指标具有主观性,在国内平台环境中可能存在分布偏高、区分度受限的情况。
然而,考虑到年轻群体在互联网医疗使用中的增长潜力及线上信息获取素养,其偏好仍可为平台服务设计提供一定的前瞻参考。未来需进一步挖掘真实情况下礼物数量、推荐热度、治疗效果等评价信息的偏好与参考价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(72304129)
  • 瑞士国际发展和合作署(SDC)国际合作课题(81067392)
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2026年第53卷第15期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202603160
  • 接收时间:2026-03-11
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-11
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(72304129)
瑞士国际发展和合作署(SDC)国际合作课题(81067392)
作者信息
    1. 南方医科大学卫生管理学院卫生管理学系Acacia实施科学实验室,广东 广州 510515
    2. 南方医科大学皮肤病医院,广东 广州 510091
    3. 南方医科大学全球健康研究院,广东 广州 510091
    4. 南方医科大学公共卫生学院
    5. 南方医科大学卫生管理学院
    6. 湖南师范大学教育科学学院
    7. 中山大学公共卫生学院
    8. 南方医科大学深圳医院
    9. 南方医科大学世界卫生组织研究中心,广东 广州 510515

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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