Article(id=1324044817566671004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601292, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768752000000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606484071, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606484071, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606484071, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606484071, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044701648695723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606456434, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670074552, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1873, endPage=1879, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044817772191901, articleId=1324044817566671004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The spatio-temporal evolution of the coupling-coordination of public health, medical services, and medical insurance of China, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the coupling-coordination relationship among the three systems of public health, medical services, and medical insurance in China, so as to provide a reference for promoting the in-depth development of the medical and health system and the modernization of governance capacity.

Methods

Based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2022, a coupling coordination evaluation index system for the "Prevention-Treatment-Insurance" system was constructed. The entropy weight-TOPSIS model, kernel density estimation, Dagum Gini coefficient and its decomposition, and spatial autocorrelation model were employed to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and regional differences of the coupling coordination degree.

Results

The overall coupling-coordination degree of “prevention-treatment-insurance” showed an increasing trend, with a distribution pattern of “eastern>western>central regions”. The national, central and western regions exhibited different polarization phenomena, with obvious intra-regional differences but an overall convergence trend, and the differences were derived from inter-regional gaps. Moran’s scatter plot showed the existence of “low-low” and “high-low” agglomerations. Spatially, the distribution was characterized by contiguous reluctant coordination, the disappearance of near imbalance, and the increase of primary and intermediate coordination.

Conclusion

The coupling and coordination level of “prevention, treatment, and protection” across provinces has shown steady improvement, with a downward trend in regional disparities and significant spatial spillover effects. There is a need to further optimize the coordinated development mechanism of “prevention, treatment, and protection” and address the obstacles and challenges in its operation.

, authors=Kang YANG1, Ye-juan ZHAO1, Yi-qing LI2, Hui-yue LUO3, Yuan ZHANG4, Tao YU1, authorsList=Kang YANG, Ye-juan ZHAO, Yi-qing LI, Hui-yue LUO, Yuan ZHANG, Tao YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuan ZHANG, Tao YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044820884365484, articleId=1324044817566671004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=中国省域公共卫生、医疗服务与医疗保障耦合协调时空演化分析, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究我国公共卫生、医疗服务与医疗保障三个系统的“防-治-保”耦合协调关系,为促进医疗卫生体制纵深发展和治理能力现代化提供参考。

方法

基于我国31个省份2013—2022年的面板数据,构建“防-治-保”耦合协调评价指标体系,运用熵权-TOPSIS模型、核密度估计、Dugam基尼系数及其分解和空间自相关模型,分析“防-治-保”耦合协调度的时空演化特征与区域差异。

结果

“防-治-保”的耦合协调度总体呈增长趋势,呈“东部>西部>中部”分布特征;全国及中、西部地区呈现出不同的极化现象,区域内存在明显差异,但整体呈收敛趋势,且差异来源于区域间;莫兰散点图显示存在“低-低”和“高-低”集聚,空间上呈勉强协调成片,濒临失调消失,初、中级协调增加。

结论

各省“防-治-保”的耦合协调水平稳中向好,地区间差异呈下降趋势,且存在显著的空间溢出效应,需进一步优化“防-治-保”协调发展机制,破解运行中的障碍与挑战。

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杨康(1997—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

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张圆与喻涛为共同通信作者
张圆,E-mail:;
喻涛,E-mail:
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杨康(1997—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

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journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=耦合协调), Keyword(id=1324045086757102290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=Dugam基尼系数), Keyword(id=1324045086870348499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=空间自相关)], refs=[Reference(id=1324045089235935978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=36, issue=12, pageStart=1682, pageEnd=1685, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=严晓玲, 王坤, 邱五七, journalName=中国公共卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=严晓玲,王坤,邱五七,等. 防–治–保"三位一体融合协同概念框架和路径初探[J]. 中国公共卫生,2020, 36(12):1682-1685., articleTitle=防–治–保"三位一体融合协同概念框架和路径初探, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045089315627755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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Biometrika, 1950, 37(1/2): 17-23., articleTitle=Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045092343915274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=28, issue=4, pageStart=45, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=那林格, 黎蔺娴, 刘奇麟, journalName=中国医院, refType=null, unstructuredReference=那林格,黎蔺娴,刘奇麟.基于结果公平视角下公立医院住院患者医疗保障公平性研究[J]. 中国医院,2024, 28(4):45-47., articleTitle=基于结果公平视角下公立医院住院患者医疗保障公平性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045092436189963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=28, issue=4, pageStart=45, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Na LG, Li LX, Liu QL, journalName=Chinese Hospitals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Na LG, Li LX, Liu QL. Research on the fairness of medical security for inpatients in public hospitals from the perspective of outcome Equity[J]. Chinese Hospitals, 2024, 28(4): 45-47. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on the fairness of medical security for inpatients in public hospitals from the perspective of outcome Equity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045092545241868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=644, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=34, authorNames=汤明嫄, journalName=中国卫生事业管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汤明嫄.探究卫生支出,人民健康与经济增长间的影响机制和效应——评《卫生支出,人民健康与经济增长的关系研究[J]. 中国卫生事业管理,2023, 40(8):644., articleTitle=探究卫生支出,人民健康与经济增长间的影响机制和效应——评《卫生支出,人民健康与经济增长的关系研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045092666876685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=644, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Tang MY, journalName=Chinese Health Service Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang MY. Exploring the influence mechanism and effect of health expenditure, people’s health and economic growth:A review of the relationship between health expenditure, people’s health and economic growth[J]. Chinese Health Service Management, 2023, 40(8): 644. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Exploring the influence mechanism and effect of health expenditure, people’s health and economic growth:A review of the relationship between health expenditure, people’s health and economic growth, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045092754957070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=38, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=乔晓春, journalName=社会政策研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=乔晓春.从健康测量视角看“大健康”的定位[J]. 社会政策研究,2022, (1):38-51., articleTitle=从健康测量视角看“大健康”的定位, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045092822065935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=38, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Qiao XC, journalName=Social Policy Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qiao XC. Positioning the “Enlarged Health” from the Perspective of Health Measurement[J]. Social Policy Research, 2022, (1): 38-51. 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Evaluation index system of the “prevention-treatment-insurance” system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标层准则层指标层属性权重
公共卫生传染病防治每10万人口甲乙类传染病报告发病人数(1/10 万)-0.007
每10万人口甲乙类传染病报告死亡人数(1/10 万)-0.008
健康教育医院门诊健康检查人次数(人次)+0.084
社区卫生服务中心(站)总数(个)+0.077
每万人口卫生监督所(中心)卫生技术人员数(人)+0.024
公众健康教育活动次数(次)+0.107
妇幼卫生3岁以下儿童系统管理率(%)+0.004
孕产妇产前检查率(%)+0.002
公共卫生资源每万人口全科医生数(人)+0.041
每万人口专业公共卫生机构床位数(床)+0.029
每万人口疾病预防控制中心卫生技术人员数(人)+0.064
每万人口拥有专业公共卫生机构人员数(人)+0.025
医疗服务医疗资源每千口执业(助理)医师数(人)+0.025
每千口医疗卫生机构床位数(张)+0.028
每千口人注册护士人数(人)+0.016
服务效率社区服务中心病床使用率(%)+0.018
医院出院者平均住院日(天)-0.002
医院病床使用率(%)+0.011
医院医师日均负担诊疗人次(人次)-0.011
医院医师日均负担住院床日(天)-0.031
医疗收入医院次均门诊费用(元)-0.005
人均住院费用(元)-0.007
各类医疗卫生机构财政拨款收入占总收入比重(%)+0.052
医疗保障筹资水平职工医保基金总收入占工资比重(%)-0.014
城乡居民人均基金收入占居民人均可支配收入比重(%)+0.016
基本医疗保险基金收入与支出比重(%)+0.039
基本医保基金总收入占GDP的比重(%)+0.044
参保覆盖基本医疗保险参保率(%)+0.038
生育保险参保人数占医保在职职工人数比(%)+0.015
职工医保参保人数占总参保人比(%)+0.067
保障程度医疗救助总金额与医保基金支出的比(%)-0.009
人均生育待遇支出与城镇非私营单位就业人员年平均工资比(%)+0.021
医疗保健支出占城镇居民非食品消费支出的比(%)-0.02
医疗保健支出占农村居民非食品消费支出的比(%)-0.015
基本医保统筹基金累计结存占基金支出比(%)+0.024
), ArticleFig(id=1324045088271246051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

“防-治-保”评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标层准则层指标层属性权重
公共卫生传染病防治每10万人口甲乙类传染病报告发病人数(1/10 万)-0.007
每10万人口甲乙类传染病报告死亡人数(1/10 万)-0.008
健康教育医院门诊健康检查人次数(人次)+0.084
社区卫生服务中心(站)总数(个)+0.077
每万人口卫生监督所(中心)卫生技术人员数(人)+0.024
公众健康教育活动次数(次)+0.107
妇幼卫生3岁以下儿童系统管理率(%)+0.004
孕产妇产前检查率(%)+0.002
公共卫生资源每万人口全科医生数(人)+0.041
每万人口专业公共卫生机构床位数(床)+0.029
每万人口疾病预防控制中心卫生技术人员数(人)+0.064
每万人口拥有专业公共卫生机构人员数(人)+0.025
医疗服务医疗资源每千口执业(助理)医师数(人)+0.025
每千口医疗卫生机构床位数(张)+0.028
每千口人注册护士人数(人)+0.016
服务效率社区服务中心病床使用率(%)+0.018
医院出院者平均住院日(天)-0.002
医院病床使用率(%)+0.011
医院医师日均负担诊疗人次(人次)-0.011
医院医师日均负担住院床日(天)-0.031
医疗收入医院次均门诊费用(元)-0.005
人均住院费用(元)-0.007
各类医疗卫生机构财政拨款收入占总收入比重(%)+0.052
医疗保障筹资水平职工医保基金总收入占工资比重(%)-0.014
城乡居民人均基金收入占居民人均可支配收入比重(%)+0.016
基本医疗保险基金收入与支出比重(%)+0.039
基本医保基金总收入占GDP的比重(%)+0.044
参保覆盖基本医疗保险参保率(%)+0.038
生育保险参保人数占医保在职职工人数比(%)+0.015
职工医保参保人数占总参保人比(%)+0.067
保障程度医疗救助总金额与医保基金支出的比(%)-0.009
人均生育待遇支出与城镇非私营单位就业人员年平均工资比(%)+0.021
医疗保健支出占城镇居民非食品消费支出的比(%)-0.02
医疗保健支出占农村居民非食品消费支出的比(%)-0.015
基本医保统筹基金累计结存占基金支出比(%)+0.024
), ArticleFig(id=1324045088371909348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Grade division and classification of coupling coordination degree

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协调类型协调等级耦合协调度协调类型协调等级耦合协调度
协调发展优质协调[0.9,1.0]濒临失调[0.4,0.5]
良好协调[0.8,0.9]失调衰退轻度失调[0.3,0.4]
中级协调[0.7,0.8]中度失调[0.2,0.3]
过度发展初级协调[0.6,0.7]重度失调[0.1,0.2]
勉强协调[0.5,0.6]极度失调[0.0,0.1]
), ArticleFig(id=1324045088543875813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

耦合协调度等级划分及分类

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协调类型协调等级耦合协调度协调类型协调等级耦合协调度
协调发展优质协调[0.9,1.0]濒临失调[0.4,0.5]
良好协调[0.8,0.9]失调衰退轻度失调[0.3,0.4]
中级协调[0.7,0.8]中度失调[0.2,0.3]
过度发展初级协调[0.6,0.7]重度失调[0.1,0.2]
勉强协调[0.5,0.6]极度失调[0.0,0.1]
), ArticleFig(id=1324045088669704934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044817566671004, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Global Moran I of coupling coordination degree during from 2013 to 2022

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年份空间经济地理矩阵地理邻近矩阵
Moran IZPMoran IZP
20130.2342.6320.0040.3923.9370.000
20140.2622.9070.0020.0971.2060.114
20150.1902.1980.014-0.061-0.2530.400
20160.2482.7760.0030.3803.8260.000
20170.1311.6180.0530.0100.3990.345
20180.1461.7710.0380.2983.0640.001
20190.1261.5670.0590.1271.4810.069
20200.0851.1620.098-0.187-1.4240.077
20210.0560.8810.189-0.160-1.1770.120
20220.0180.5060.307-0.352-2.9520.002
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2012—2023年耦合协调度全局Moran I

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年份空间经济地理矩阵地理邻近矩阵
Moran IZPMoran IZP
20130.2342.6320.0040.3923.9370.000
20140.2622.9070.0020.0971.2060.114
20150.1902.1980.014-0.061-0.2530.400
20160.2482.7760.0030.3803.8260.000
20170.1311.6180.0530.0100.3990.345
20180.1461.7710.0380.2983.0640.001
20190.1261.5670.0590.1271.4810.069
20200.0851.1620.098-0.187-1.4240.077
20210.0560.8810.189-0.160-1.1770.120
20220.0180.5060.307-0.352-2.9520.002
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中国省域公共卫生、医疗服务与医疗保障耦合协调时空演化分析
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杨康 1 , 赵叶娟 1 , 李亦晴 2 , 罗慧悦 3 , 张圆 4 , 喻涛 1
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(10): 1873-1879
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (10) : 1873 -1879
中国省域公共卫生、医疗服务与医疗保障耦合协调时空演化分析
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杨康1, 赵叶娟1, 李亦晴2, 罗慧悦3, 张圆4 , 喻涛1
作者信息
  • 1.西南医科大学人文与管理学院,四川 泸州 646000
  • 2.西南医科大学麻醉学系
  • 3.西南医科大学护理学院
  • 4.西南医科大学马克思主义学院
通讯作者:
张圆与喻涛为共同通信作者
张圆,E-mail:;
喻涛,E-mail:
作者简介:

杨康(1997—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

The spatio-temporal evolution of the coupling-coordination of public health, medical services, and medical insurance of China
Kang YANG1, Ye-juan ZHAO1, Yi-qing LI2, Hui-yue LUO3, Yuan ZHANG4 , Tao YU1
Affiliations
  • School of Humanities and Management Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601292
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目的

探究我国公共卫生、医疗服务与医疗保障三个系统的“防-治-保”耦合协调关系,为促进医疗卫生体制纵深发展和治理能力现代化提供参考。

方法

基于我国31个省份2013—2022年的面板数据,构建“防-治-保”耦合协调评价指标体系,运用熵权-TOPSIS模型、核密度估计、Dugam基尼系数及其分解和空间自相关模型,分析“防-治-保”耦合协调度的时空演化特征与区域差异。

结果

“防-治-保”的耦合协调度总体呈增长趋势,呈“东部>西部>中部”分布特征;全国及中、西部地区呈现出不同的极化现象,区域内存在明显差异,但整体呈收敛趋势,且差异来源于区域间;莫兰散点图显示存在“低-低”和“高-低”集聚,空间上呈勉强协调成片,濒临失调消失,初、中级协调增加。

结论

各省“防-治-保”的耦合协调水平稳中向好,地区间差异呈下降趋势,且存在显著的空间溢出效应,需进一步优化“防-治-保”协调发展机制,破解运行中的障碍与挑战。

公共卫生  /  医疗服务  /  医疗保障  /  耦合协调  /  Dugam基尼系数  /  空间自相关
Objective

To explore the coupling-coordination relationship among the three systems of public health, medical services, and medical insurance in China, so as to provide a reference for promoting the in-depth development of the medical and health system and the modernization of governance capacity.

Methods

Based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2022, a coupling coordination evaluation index system for the "Prevention-Treatment-Insurance" system was constructed. The entropy weight-TOPSIS model, kernel density estimation, Dagum Gini coefficient and its decomposition, and spatial autocorrelation model were employed to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and regional differences of the coupling coordination degree.

Results

The overall coupling-coordination degree of “prevention-treatment-insurance” showed an increasing trend, with a distribution pattern of “eastern>western>central regions”. The national, central and western regions exhibited different polarization phenomena, with obvious intra-regional differences but an overall convergence trend, and the differences were derived from inter-regional gaps. Moran’s scatter plot showed the existence of “low-low” and “high-low” agglomerations. Spatially, the distribution was characterized by contiguous reluctant coordination, the disappearance of near imbalance, and the increase of primary and intermediate coordination.

Conclusion

The coupling and coordination level of “prevention, treatment, and protection” across provinces has shown steady improvement, with a downward trend in regional disparities and significant spatial spillover effects. There is a need to further optimize the coordinated development mechanism of “prevention, treatment, and protection” and address the obstacles and challenges in its operation.

Public health  /  Medical services  /  Medical insurance  /  Coupling coordination  /  Dugam  /  Spatial autocorrelation
杨康, 赵叶娟, 李亦晴, 罗慧悦, 张圆, 喻涛. 中国省域公共卫生、医疗服务与医疗保障耦合协调时空演化分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1873 -1879 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601292
Kang YANG, Ye-juan ZHAO, Yi-qing LI, Hui-yue LUO, Yuan ZHANG, Tao YU. The spatio-temporal evolution of the coupling-coordination of public health, medical services, and medical insurance of China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1873 -1879 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601292
在全球推进全民健康覆盖的背景下,公共卫生、医疗服务和医疗保障的协同发展已成为提升国家医疗卫生服务能力的核心议题。2016年,中共中央、国务院印发的《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》中指出“要统筹利用医疗保障和公共卫生资金,推动公共卫生和医疗服务有效衔接”。因此,公共卫生、医疗服务和医疗保障的制度衔接与功能耦合,已成为“防-治-保”三位一体的关键机制[1]。
目前,关于“防-治-保”的研究,主要侧重在某两个系统之间的耦合协调关系或理论关系研究[2-3]。在公共卫生与医疗服务方面,有学者认为,二者存在明显的结构性失衡[4],“医防分离”现象[5]以及“重医轻卫”问题[6]。在医疗服务与医疗保障方面,二者耦合协调水平整体上升,呈东高西低格局,但区域间差异较大[7]。在公共卫生、医疗服务和医疗保障方面,三个系统之间水平差异较大、区域间不均衡和医疗保障发展滞后,但耦合协调度呈上升趋势,“防-治-保”相互作用增强[8],疾病预防在提升“防-治-保”的耦合协调性方面至关重要[9]。因此,现有研究大多局限于单一系统或两个系统的关联,少有文献从空间维度探讨三者耦合协调特征。因此,本文构建“防-治-保” 耦合协调度评价指标体系,探究31个省份耦合协调度的区域差异与时空演变特征,为推动建设高效的医疗卫生服务体系和区域医疗资源协调发展提供参考。
为确保数据的可获得性、连续性、完整性以及结果的准确性,本文选取2013—2022年我国31个省份(不含港澳台)为研究样本。数据来源2014—2023年《中国统计年鉴》《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》《中国医疗保障统计年鉴》和各省《统计年鉴》,个别缺失数据,采用线性插值法补齐。
公共卫生是由政府提供的健康促进和保护、疾病预防、公共卫生资源等服务,体现在提高居民疾病预防能力、降低医疗服务压力等方面;医疗服务是基于居民需求,体现在医疗服务的公平性、效率性、可及性与可持续性等方面;医疗保障是前两者的保障和基础,主要体现在资金筹措水平、参保覆盖率和保障程度。因此,本文参考已有研究[6,10],构建“防-治-保”评价指标体系,见表1。为避免主观赋权重偏差,本文采用熵权-TOPSIS模型[6]测算各项指标权重和三者综合指数,确保结果的客观性和可靠性。
为更准确反映“防-治-保”的相互作用、相互影响的程度,避免传统耦合协调度模型对各系统自身水平的依赖性[11-12],本文借鉴相关研究,采用修正的耦合协调度模型测算三者的耦合协调度。计算公式步骤见参考文献[13],并对耦合协调阶等级行分类[14],见表2。
核密度估计是一种利用非参数统计方法,对特定的分布假设依赖性较弱,展现出良好的可靠性和准确性,广泛应用于非均匀空间分布的处理和分析。因此,本文运用核密度估计法对比不同年份和不同区域耦合协调度的分布特征、集聚现象和极化程度。计算公式见参考文献[15-16]。
参考陈园研究[17],运用Dugam基尼系数及其分解法测算“防-治-保”三者耦合协调度的整体差异、区域差异以及差异来源,以此分析不同区域发展演进规律以及区域差异。
本文运用空间自相关模型探究“防-治-保”耦合协调度的空间关联性,识别某一省份与其邻近地区的耦合协调度集聚特征。计算公式见参考文献[18]。
整体来看,全国“防-治-保”耦合协调水平不高,处于勉强协调阶段,但呈上升趋势。从各地区均值看,2013—2022年东、中和西部地区的“防-治-保”耦合协调度均值为0.585、0.552和0.554,呈现出“东部>西部>中部”特征。其中,东部地区耦合协调度高于全国平均水平,中部和西部地区低于全国均值,但中部和西部地区差异较小,且2016年开始西部地区呈快速上升趋势。从增长率看,东部低于中部和西部地区,但仅西部地区高于全国。见图1。
为深入探讨2013—2022年各省“防-治-保”耦合协调时空演变规律,根据耦合协调度等级划分和分类方法,将耦合协调度划分为四个等级,见图2。
从省域分布看,2013年耦合协调水平呈“勉强协调集中,初、中级协调稀少”分布特征,表明耦合协调水平整体较低,存在较大上升空间。2016年耦合协调水平无明显变化,青海省下降为濒临失调阶段,勉强协调和初级协调水平省份无变化。2019年初级协调省份增加至5个,无濒临失调省份,说明医疗卫生体制改革后,耦合协调水平不断提高。2022年耦合协调水平呈“金字塔形”分布,勉强协调省份降低至20个,初级协调省份至10个,无濒临失调省份,说明中国“防-治-保”耦合协调稳定提高逐步迈向高质量发展。
从中心分布位置看,全国及三大区域的核密度曲线中心呈“右移-左移-右移”特征,但整体表现为缓慢右移,说明三者耦合协调水平呈小幅上升趋势。从分布形态看,核密度曲线主峰高度呈“下降-上升-下降”态势,主峰宽度有所增加,表明耦合协调水平离散程度增加。从分布延展性看,东部地区不存在明显的拖尾现象,全国及中、西部地区的核密度曲线存在拖尾现象,说明区域内存在较大差异。从极化现象看,全国及西部地区核密度曲线在2017年前呈单峰状态,后期呈“一主一副”形态,且峰值差异较大,说明区域内省份耦合协调水平存在单极化现象;东部地区仅在2017年出现“一主一副”现象,且峰值差异较小,说明区域内省份极化现象较弱,差异较小;中部地区核密度曲线呈“单主峰、多副峰”形态,且峰值差异较大,说明区域内省份耦合协调水平差异较大,存在多极化现象。见图3。
由图4可知,2013—2022年“防-治-保”耦合协调度的全国基尼系数整体呈下降趋势。从三大区域看,东部地区基尼系数整体高于全国及中、西部地区,处于较高水平,且呈波动上升趋势,说明区域内各省份差异扩大;中部地区的基尼系数除在2017年快速上升外,其余年份整体呈“先快速下降后缓慢上升再下降”的变化特征,且低于全国及东部、西部地区,说明中部地区内部差异较小,且有进一步缩小趋势;西部地区除在2018年快速下降外,整体呈“先缓慢上升后快速上升”变化特征,说明内部差异存在扩大趋势。
由图5可知,区域间“防-治-保”耦合协调度的基尼系数表现出明显分层现象。具体而言,东部-西部、东部-中部区域间的基尼系数较大,变化趋势相似。其中,东部-西部区域间的基尼系数最大,并在2016年之后整体呈下降趋势;东部-中部区间差异较大,与东部-西部变化基本一致,呈现出“先快速下降后缓慢上升”变化趋势。中部-西部区域间的基尼系数最小,变化趋势差异较明显,除2017年快速上升外,在2013—2018年呈下降趋势,2019年后则快速上升,但整体处于较低水平。
由图6可知,在时序变化上,“防-治-保”耦合协调度区域内差异变化趋势稳定,变化较小;区域间呈现波动下降特征,并在2017年下降幅度明显;超变密度呈波动上升趋势,在2017年上升幅度较大。由此可见,区域间与超变密度的贡献率呈“此起彼伏”变化特征。在差异来源上,“防-治-保”耦合协调度的差异主要来源于区域间,其次为超变密度、区域内差异。由此可见,区域间差异是“防-治-保”耦合协调度的主要来源,区域内差异贡献率较稳定,但超变密度的贡献率呈上升趋势。
为进一步探究“防-治-保”耦合协调度的空间关联性,见表3。在研究期内,基于空间经济地理矩阵测算的Moran I指数均为正数,且在2013—2020年均在10%的水平下显著,说明“防-治-保”的耦合协调水平在空间上呈正相关性,具有显著的空间集聚现象。而基于地理邻近矩阵测算的Moran I指数呈递减趋势,2013—2019年波动较大,在2015年和2020—2022年为负数,其在2014、2015、2017和2021年为通过显著性检验,但基于空间经济地理矩阵较地理邻近矩阵测算得到的Moran I指数显著性更强。因此本文选取空间经济地理矩阵进一步计算局部莫兰指数。
为进一步探究“防-治-保”耦合协调度的空间局部关联性,选取2013年和2022年绘制莫兰散点图,见图7。2013—2022年,除福建、内蒙古、陕西等省份外,其余省份变化较小。其中,主要表现为低值与低值区域空间集聚显著,其次由高值与高值区域集聚演变为高值与低值区域空间集聚。
2013—2022年我国省域“防-治-保”耦合协调度呈稳步增长态势,印证了医疗卫生体制改革的成效,但整体始终处于勉强协调阶段,优质、良好协调省份仍为空白。三大系统功能衔接松散、资源整合效率低,“医防分离、重医轻卫”的结构性问题未根本解决,公共卫生供给、医疗服务可及性与医保兜底能力的协同性不足。将“防-治-保”协同发展纳入地方发展总体规划,从制度层面明确三大系统功能定位与衔接机制,破解协同壁垒。加大公共卫生领域资源投入,补齐基层公卫、传染病防治短板,推动优质医疗资源下沉,提升服务公平性与可及性。破除人才、技术、资金跨区域流动壁垒,以数字化、智能化升级赋能三大系统,全面提升协同运行效能,为民众提供优质、高效、便捷的医疗服务[19],进而提高民众的健康水平和幸福感[20]。
耦合协调度呈现东部>西部>中部的分布特征,打破传统区域发展格局,中部成为“防-治-保”协同发展明显短板。区域间差异是全国整体差异的核心来源,三大区域极化现象各异,东部极化较弱、西部单极化、中部多极化,虽整体发展趋收敛,但区域间、区域内发展不均衡问题突出,中西部部分省份因经济基础薄弱、资源配置不足,发展动力匮乏。实施差异化区域扶持策略,精准破解发展不均衡问题。加大中央财政对中部的转移支付,重点支持打造区域医疗中心,完善基层医疗卫生体系,填补“中部洼地”;引导东部发达省份探索高级协调发展模式,通过对口支援、技术合作发挥示范引领作用,带动中西部发展;持续扶持西部地区,完善医保筹资与保障机制,加强医疗人才引育留用,补齐基层医疗与公共卫生建设短板。
“防-治-保”耦合协调度存在显著空间正相关性,“低-低”集聚现象尤为突出,优质发展区域的辐射带动能力不足,难以形成有效示范效应。同时空间发展格局路径依赖性较强,多数省份集聚类型保持稳定,跨省域协同联动机制尚未有效建立,低水平发展区域易形成“洼地效应”,制约全国整体协同发展水平提升。充分释放空间溢出效应,构建跨省域“防-治-保”协同发展联盟,推动相邻省份在公卫应急防控、医疗资源共享、医保异地结算等方面深度合作。完善医保全国异地就医直接结算体系,打破地域限制,提升医保空间协同性。对“低-低”集聚区域实施精准扶持,培育区域核心增长极,打破低水平集聚格局。将耦合协调度纳入地方政府绩效考核,深化三医联动改革,建立医防深度融合机制,明确地方协同责任,推动区域有序竞争与互利共赢,形成全国一盘棋的协同发展格局,增强“防-治-保”的整体性、系统性和协调性[21]。
综上所述,本研究仍存在不足:一是研究范围局限于省域范围,未进行市域或县域范围研究;二是“防-治-保”耦合协调度受多方因素影响,指标体系存在不足。未来从市域或县域层面进行研究,并建立更全面的评价体系。
  • 川北医学院2025年度四川省基层卫生事业发展研究中心资助项目(SWFZ25-Y-09)
  • 西南医科大学四川医院管理和发展研究中心资助项目(SCYG2025-8)
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2026年第53卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601292
  • 接收时间:2026-01-19
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-19
基金
川北医学院2025年度四川省基层卫生事业发展研究中心资助项目(SWFZ25-Y-09)
西南医科大学四川医院管理和发展研究中心资助项目(SCYG2025-8)
作者信息
    1.西南医科大学人文与管理学院,四川 泸州 646000
    2.西南医科大学麻醉学系
    3.西南医科大学护理学院
    4.西南医科大学马克思主义学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
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属
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种数
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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