Article(id=1324044806242054197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601259, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768406400000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606481370, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606481370, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606481370, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606481370, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044701648695723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606456434, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670074552, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1803, endPage=1808, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044807013806135, articleId=1324044806242054197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Latent profile analysis of job demands-resources and their association with turnover intention among village doctorsin,Shandong, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To identify the latent profiles of job demands-resources among village doctors and their association with turnover intention, and to provide references for reducing the risk of village doctors’ departure.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted among village doctors in 16 prefecture-level cities of Shandong Province using a general information form, job demands scale, job resources scale, and turnover intention scale. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify latent profiles of job demands and resources, while multiple linear regression analysis explored the association between different latent profiles and turnover intention.

Results

A total of 2 404 village doctors were included. Five latent profiles were identified: high-risk burnout profile (5.17%), imbalance risk profile (22.98%), low-strain abundant profile (13.37%), high-strain active profile (16.68%), and moderate balanced profile (41.80%). Differences across these categories in terms of gender, age, and employment type were statistically significant (P<0.05). High-risk burnout profile and imbalance risk profile were risk factors for turnover intention (β=0.218, P<0.001; β=0.199, P<0.001), while low-strain abundant profile and high-strain active profile were protective factors for turnover intention (β=-0.292, P<0.001; β=-0.067, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Significant heterogeneity exists in turnover intention among village doctors across different latent profiles of job demands-resources. Priority should be given to interventions targeting the high-risk burnout profile and the imbalance risk profile, while efforts should focus on stabilizing and maintaining the low-strain abundant profile and the moderate balanced profile, and providing developmental support for the high-strain active profile.

, authors=Ling-ting WANG1, 2, Xue-ying DONG3, Hong-bin GAO4, Yang DU2, Yi-qun LIU3, Jia-qi ZHANG1, Ke-yu SONG1, Guo-wen WANG5, 6, Wen LIU7, authorsList=Ling-ting WANG, Xue-ying DONG, Hong-bin GAO, Yang DU, Yi-qun LIU, Jia-qi ZHANG, Ke-yu SONG, Guo-wen WANG, Wen LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guo-wen WANG, Wen LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044808762830908, articleId=1324044806242054197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=山东省乡村医生工作要求-资源特征潜在剖面分析及与离职倾向的关系, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究乡村医生工作要求-资源的潜在剖面及其与离职倾向的关系,为降低乡村医生离职风险提供参考。

方法

采用一般资料调查表、工作要求量表、工作资源量表和离职倾向量表,对山东省16个地市的乡村医生进行问卷调查,运用潜在剖面分析识别工作要求-资源的潜在剖面,多元线性回归分析探讨不同潜在剖面与离职倾向的关联。

结果

共纳入2 404名乡村医生。工作要求-资源可分为5个潜在剖面:高危耗竭型(5.17%)、失衡风险型(22.98%)、低压充裕型(13.37%)、高压活跃型(16.68%)和中等均衡型(41.80%),其在性别、年龄及用工类型等方面的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高危耗竭型和失衡风险型是离职倾向的危险因素(β=0.218,P<0.001;β=0.199,P<0.001),低压充裕型和高压活跃型是离职倾向的保护因素(β=-0.292,P<0.001;β=-0.067,P<0.001)。

结论

不同工作要求-资源潜在剖面的乡村医生离职倾向存在显著异质性,建议重点干预高危耗竭型与失衡风险型,稳定维护低压充裕型和中等均衡型,并对高压活跃型给予发展性支持。

, authors=王灵婷1, 2, 董雪莹3, 高宏彬4, 杜杨2, 刘逸群3, 张佳琪1, 宋科瑜1, 王国文5, 6, 刘稳7, authorsList=王灵婷, 董雪莹, 高宏彬, 杜杨, 刘逸群, 张佳琪, 宋科瑜, 王国文, 刘稳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王国文, 刘稳, authorNote=

王灵婷(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生事业管理

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王国文与刘稳为共同通信作者
王国文,E-mail:;
刘稳,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FcbAAy4CHzb9yxpuofQLUw==, magXml=8u+Qz/9fuQNLzMGL28n7fw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=upTmgW4LJv4MQC7tqCbZzg==, pdfFileSize=766373, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ZqbqUSV3sTjNgIDUb6yHsg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=tNOmcXOyTQXzytIo114kpA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324045037335609707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324045037432078702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, authorId=1324045037335609707, language=EN, stringName=Ling-ting WANG, firstName=Ling-ting, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324045037742457199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, authorId=1324045037335609707, language=CN, stringName=王灵婷, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)公共卫生与健康管理学院,山东 济南 250117
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The influence of working pressure on turnover intention of primary medical staff:Based on conditional process analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Policy, 2022, 15(3): 61-67. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The influence of working pressure on turnover intention of primary medical staff:Based on conditional process analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045063642284500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=16, issue=11, pageStart=2011, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Van der Heijden B, Brown Mahoney C, Xu Y, journalName=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Van der Heijden B, Brown Mahoney C, Xu Y. Impact of job demands and resources on nurses’ burnout and occupational turnover intention:towards an age-moderated mediation model for the nursing profession[J]. 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village doctors, figureFileSmall=/+v3pE+ijKA3ajWbsk5QoQ==, figureFileBig=ZqbqUSV3sTjNgIDUb6yHsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045049612337574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, language=CN, label=图1, caption=乡村医生工作要求-资源5个潜在剖面特征分布, figureFileSmall=/+v3pE+ijKA3ajWbsk5QoQ==, figureFileBig=ZqbqUSV3sTjNgIDUb6yHsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324045049834635687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Model fit results for latent profiles of job demands-resources among village doctors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyBLRT(P)LMR(P)类别占比(%)
1C38 206.28038 275.69938 237.572----
2C35 571.51835 681.43135 621.0640.837<0.001<0.00129.48/70.52
3C34 203.92834 354.33534 271.7270.777<0.001<0.00132.13/25.49/42.38
4C33 164.60833 355.50933 250.6610.851<0.001<0.00150.94/20.47/9.38/19.21
5Ca32 317.99932 549.39532 422.3060.929<0.001<0.0015.17/22.98/13.37/16.68/41.80
6C31 703.55631 975.44531 826.1160.897<0.001<0.00122.51/13.76/13.42/5.24/29.00/16.05
), ArticleFig(id=1324045049910133160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

乡村医生工作要求-资源特征的潜在剖面模型拟合结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyBLRT(P)LMR(P)类别占比(%)
1C38 206.28038 275.69938 237.572----
2C35 571.51835 681.43135 621.0640.837<0.001<0.00129.48/70.52
3C34 203.92834 354.33534 271.7270.777<0.001<0.00132.13/25.49/42.38
4C33 164.60833 355.50933 250.6610.851<0.001<0.00150.94/20.47/9.38/19.21
5Ca32 317.99932 549.39532 422.3060.929<0.001<0.0015.17/22.98/13.37/16.68/41.80
6C31 703.55631 975.44531 826.1160.897<0.001<0.00122.51/13.76/13.42/5.24/29.00/16.05
), ArticleFig(id=1324045049989824937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Average values across dimensions of five latent profiles of job demands-resources among village doctors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别工作要求工作资源
工作定量负荷工作情感负荷工作家庭冲突工作自主性社会支持职业发展
C1:高危耗竭型4.3223.9254.2812.5472.5421.724
C2:失衡风险型4.0493.5393.8013.1813.3312.984
C3:低压充裕型3.1091.9831.8314.1884.7944.935
C4:高压活跃型4.5733.8334.1124.0544.7514.898
C5:中等均衡型3.9903.2823.4663.5783.9603.936
), ArticleFig(id=1324045050254066090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

乡村医生工作要求-资源五类潜在剖面各维度均值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别工作要求工作资源
工作定量负荷工作情感负荷工作家庭冲突工作自主性社会支持职业发展
C1:高危耗竭型4.3223.9254.2812.5472.5421.724
C2:失衡风险型4.0493.5393.8013.1813.3312.984
C3:低压充裕型3.1091.9831.8314.1884.7944.935
C4:高压活跃型4.5733.8334.1124.0544.7514.898
C5:中等均衡型3.9903.2823.4663.5783.9603.936
), ArticleFig(id=1324045050333757867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Single-factor analysis results across latent profiles of job demands-resources among village doctors [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总例数
(n=2 404)
C1
(n=127)
C2
(n=549)
C3
(n=317)
C4
(n=401)
C5
(n=1 010)
χ2值P值
性别27.107<0.001
男1 433(59.61)93(73.23)345(62.84)167(52.68)259(64.59)569(56.34)
女971(40.39)34(26.77)204(37.16)150(47.32)142(35.41)441(43.66)
年龄(岁)46.246<0.001
≤3020(0.83)2(1.57)4(0.73)5(1.58)2(0.50)7(0.69)
31~40142(5.91)8(6.30)26(4.74)35(11.04)15(3.74)58(5.74)
41~501 238(51.50)74(58.27)303(55.19)156(49.21)173(43.14)532(52.67)
≥511 004(41.76)43(33.86)216(39.34)121(38.17)211(52.62)413(40.89)
婚姻状况7.5450.479
未婚24(1.00)2(1.57)9(1.64)2(0.63)3(0.75)8(0.79)
已婚2 334(97.09)122(96.06)534(97.27)306(96.53)389(96.01)983(97.33)
其他46(1.91)3(2.36)6(1.09)9(2.84)9(2.24)19(1.88)
文化程度9.7620.282
中专及以下1 084(45.09)45(35.43)239(43.53)142(44.79)192(47.88)466(46.14)
大专1 055(43.89)64(50.39)239(43.53)142(44.79)167(41.65)443(43.86)
本科及以上265(11.02)18(14.17)71(12.93)33(10.41)42(10.47)101(10.00)
用工类型40.962<0.001
事业编49(2.04)3(2.36)7(1.28)10(3.15)11(2.74)18(1.78)
备案制248(10.32)4(3.15)54(9.84)30(9.46)48(11.97)112(11.09)
合同制218(9.07)11(8.66)40(7.29)51(16.09)34(8.48)82(8.12)
劳务派遣97(4.03)8(6.30)24(4.37)13(4.10)10(2.49)42(4.16)
其他1 792(74.54)101(79.53)424(77.23)213(67.19)298(74.31)756(74.85)
专业技术职称16.1500.040
无职称1 398(58.15)71(55.91)321(58.47)176(55.52)212(52.87)618(61.19)
初级835(34.73)48(37.80)198(36.07)114(35.96)148(36.91)327(32.38)
中级及以上171(7.11)8(6.30)30(5.46)27(8.52)41(10.22)65(6.44)
工作年限(年)90.458<0.001
≤10140(5.82)10(7.87)21(3.83)44(13.88)9(2.24)56(5.54)
11~20304(12.64)16(12.60)74(13.48)42(13.25)43(10.72)129(12.77)
21~301 326(55.16)69(54.33)333(60.66)160(50.47)192(47.88)572(56.63)
≥31634(26.38)32(25.20)121(22.04)71(22.40)157(39.15)253(25.05)
月收入(元)17.9550.022
≤2 000779(32.40)50(39.37)194(35.34)80(25.24)129(32.17)326(32.28)
2 001~4 0001 193(49.63)59(46.46)276(50.37)168(53.00)193(48.13)497(49.21)
>4 000432(17.97)18(14.17)79(14.39)69(21.77)79(19.70)187(18.51)
), ArticleFig(id=1324045050434421164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同工作要求-资源潜在剖面的乡村医生单因素分析结果[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总例数
(n=2 404)
C1
(n=127)
C2
(n=549)
C3
(n=317)
C4
(n=401)
C5
(n=1 010)
χ2值P值
性别27.107<0.001
男1 433(59.61)93(73.23)345(62.84)167(52.68)259(64.59)569(56.34)
女971(40.39)34(26.77)204(37.16)150(47.32)142(35.41)441(43.66)
年龄(岁)46.246<0.001
≤3020(0.83)2(1.57)4(0.73)5(1.58)2(0.50)7(0.69)
31~40142(5.91)8(6.30)26(4.74)35(11.04)15(3.74)58(5.74)
41~501 238(51.50)74(58.27)303(55.19)156(49.21)173(43.14)532(52.67)
≥511 004(41.76)43(33.86)216(39.34)121(38.17)211(52.62)413(40.89)
婚姻状况7.5450.479
未婚24(1.00)2(1.57)9(1.64)2(0.63)3(0.75)8(0.79)
已婚2 334(97.09)122(96.06)534(97.27)306(96.53)389(96.01)983(97.33)
其他46(1.91)3(2.36)6(1.09)9(2.84)9(2.24)19(1.88)
文化程度9.7620.282
中专及以下1 084(45.09)45(35.43)239(43.53)142(44.79)192(47.88)466(46.14)
大专1 055(43.89)64(50.39)239(43.53)142(44.79)167(41.65)443(43.86)
本科及以上265(11.02)18(14.17)71(12.93)33(10.41)42(10.47)101(10.00)
用工类型40.962<0.001
事业编49(2.04)3(2.36)7(1.28)10(3.15)11(2.74)18(1.78)
备案制248(10.32)4(3.15)54(9.84)30(9.46)48(11.97)112(11.09)
合同制218(9.07)11(8.66)40(7.29)51(16.09)34(8.48)82(8.12)
劳务派遣97(4.03)8(6.30)24(4.37)13(4.10)10(2.49)42(4.16)
其他1 792(74.54)101(79.53)424(77.23)213(67.19)298(74.31)756(74.85)
专业技术职称16.1500.040
无职称1 398(58.15)71(55.91)321(58.47)176(55.52)212(52.87)618(61.19)
初级835(34.73)48(37.80)198(36.07)114(35.96)148(36.91)327(32.38)
中级及以上171(7.11)8(6.30)30(5.46)27(8.52)41(10.22)65(6.44)
工作年限(年)90.458<0.001
≤10140(5.82)10(7.87)21(3.83)44(13.88)9(2.24)56(5.54)
11~20304(12.64)16(12.60)74(13.48)42(13.25)43(10.72)129(12.77)
21~301 326(55.16)69(54.33)333(60.66)160(50.47)192(47.88)572(56.63)
≥31634(26.38)32(25.20)121(22.04)71(22.40)157(39.15)253(25.05)
月收入(元)17.9550.022
≤2 000779(32.40)50(39.37)194(35.34)80(25.24)129(32.17)326(32.28)
2 001~4 0001 193(49.63)59(46.46)276(50.37)168(53.00)193(48.13)497(49.21)
>4 000432(17.97)18(14.17)79(14.39)69(21.77)79(19.70)187(18.51)
), ArticleFig(id=1324045050690273709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariate linear regression analysis results of latent profiles of job demands-resources and turnover intention among village doctors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEβ(95%CI)t值P值
工作要求-资源类别(中等均衡型a)
高危耗竭型1.0890.0930.218(0.906~1.272)11.656<0.001
失衡风险型0.5300.0520.199(0.427~0.633)10.108<0.001
低压充裕型-0.9640.064-0.292(-1.089~-0.838)-15.027<0.001
高压活跃型-0.2010.059-0.067(-0.316~-0.086)-3.427<0.001
控制变量
性别(女a)0.1120.0420.049(0.030~0.194)2.6720.008
年龄(≥51a)
≤300.3300.2540.027(-0.169~0.829)1.2970.195
31~400.0880.1120.019(-0.132~0.308)0.7880.431
41~500.0370.0550.017(-0.071~0.145)0.6780.498
用工类型(其他a)
事业编-0.1780.149-0.022(-0.471~0.115)-1.1890.235
备案制-0.0680.067-0.019(-0.201~0.064)-1.0110.312
合同制0.0710.0730.018(-0.072~0.214)0.9720.331
劳务派遣0.0090.1040.002(-0.195~0.213)0.0860.931
专业技术职称(中级及以上a)
无职称-0.2730.082-0.121(-0.433~-0.113)-3.3370.001
初级-0.1720.084-0.073(-0.336~-0.007)-2.0480.041
工作年限(≥31a)
≤10-0.2350.120-0.049(-0.470~0.000)-1.9640.050
11~20-0.0770.087-0.023(-0.247~0.093)-0.8870.375
21~30-0.0580.061-0.026(-0.177~0.062)-0.9470.343
月收入(>4 000a)
≤2 0000.2590.0600.109(0.142~0.376)4.328<0.001
2 001~4 0000.1730.0560.077(0.064~0.282)3.1050.002
), ArticleFig(id=1324045050816102830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044806242054197, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

乡村医生工作要求-资源潜在剖面与离职倾向的多元线性回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEβ(95%CI)t值P值
工作要求-资源类别(中等均衡型a)
高危耗竭型1.0890.0930.218(0.906~1.272)11.656<0.001
失衡风险型0.5300.0520.199(0.427~0.633)10.108<0.001
低压充裕型-0.9640.064-0.292(-1.089~-0.838)-15.027<0.001
高压活跃型-0.2010.059-0.067(-0.316~-0.086)-3.427<0.001
控制变量
性别(女a)0.1120.0420.049(0.030~0.194)2.6720.008
年龄(≥51a)
≤300.3300.2540.027(-0.169~0.829)1.2970.195
31~400.0880.1120.019(-0.132~0.308)0.7880.431
41~500.0370.0550.017(-0.071~0.145)0.6780.498
用工类型(其他a)
事业编-0.1780.149-0.022(-0.471~0.115)-1.1890.235
备案制-0.0680.067-0.019(-0.201~0.064)-1.0110.312
合同制0.0710.0730.018(-0.072~0.214)0.9720.331
劳务派遣0.0090.1040.002(-0.195~0.213)0.0860.931
专业技术职称(中级及以上a)
无职称-0.2730.082-0.121(-0.433~-0.113)-3.3370.001
初级-0.1720.084-0.073(-0.336~-0.007)-2.0480.041
工作年限(≥31a)
≤10-0.2350.120-0.049(-0.470~0.000)-1.9640.050
11~20-0.0770.087-0.023(-0.247~0.093)-0.8870.375
21~30-0.0580.061-0.026(-0.177~0.062)-0.9470.343
月收入(>4 000a)
≤2 0000.2590.0600.109(0.142~0.376)4.328<0.001
2 001~4 0000.1730.0560.077(0.064~0.282)3.1050.002
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山东省乡村医生工作要求-资源特征潜在剖面分析及与离职倾向的关系
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王灵婷 1, 2 , 董雪莹 3 , 高宏彬 4 , 杜杨 2 , 刘逸群 3 , 张佳琪 1 , 宋科瑜 1 , 王国文 5, 6 , 刘稳 7
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2026,53(10): 1803-1808
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现代预防医学 |基层卫生服务 2026 , 53 (10) : 1803 -1808
山东省乡村医生工作要求-资源特征潜在剖面分析及与离职倾向的关系
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王灵婷(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生事业管理

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王灵婷1, 2, 董雪莹3, 高宏彬4, 杜杨2, 刘逸群3, 张佳琪1, 宋科瑜1, 王国文5, 6 , 刘稳7
作者信息
  • 1.山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)公共卫生与健康管理学院,山东 济南 250117
  • 2.山东第一医科大学第一附属医院(山东省千佛山医院)
  • 3.山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)医药管理学院
  • 4.国家卫生健康委医药卫生科技发展研究中心成果转化处
  • 5.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院教学部
  • 6.山东第一医科大学附属菏泽医院(山东省立医院菏泽医院)科研部
  • 7.浙江中医药大学人文与管理学院
通讯作者:
王国文与刘稳为共同通信作者
王国文,E-mail:;
刘稳,E-mail:
作者简介:

王灵婷(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与卫生事业管理

Latent profile analysis of job demands-resources and their association with turnover intention among village doctorsin,Shandong
Ling-ting WANG1, 2, Xue-ying DONG3, Hong-bin GAO4, Yang DU2, Yi-qun LIU3, Jia-qi ZHANG1, Ke-yu SONG1, Guo-wen WANG5, 6 , Wen LIU7
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601259
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目的

探究乡村医生工作要求-资源的潜在剖面及其与离职倾向的关系,为降低乡村医生离职风险提供参考。

方法

采用一般资料调查表、工作要求量表、工作资源量表和离职倾向量表,对山东省16个地市的乡村医生进行问卷调查,运用潜在剖面分析识别工作要求-资源的潜在剖面,多元线性回归分析探讨不同潜在剖面与离职倾向的关联。

结果

共纳入2 404名乡村医生。工作要求-资源可分为5个潜在剖面:高危耗竭型(5.17%)、失衡风险型(22.98%)、低压充裕型(13.37%)、高压活跃型(16.68%)和中等均衡型(41.80%),其在性别、年龄及用工类型等方面的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高危耗竭型和失衡风险型是离职倾向的危险因素(β=0.218,P<0.001;β=0.199,P<0.001),低压充裕型和高压活跃型是离职倾向的保护因素(β=-0.292,P<0.001;β=-0.067,P<0.001)。

结论

不同工作要求-资源潜在剖面的乡村医生离职倾向存在显著异质性,建议重点干预高危耗竭型与失衡风险型,稳定维护低压充裕型和中等均衡型,并对高压活跃型给予发展性支持。

乡村医生  /  工作要求-资源  /  离职倾向  /  潜在剖面分析
Objective

To identify the latent profiles of job demands-resources among village doctors and their association with turnover intention, and to provide references for reducing the risk of village doctors’ departure.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted among village doctors in 16 prefecture-level cities of Shandong Province using a general information form, job demands scale, job resources scale, and turnover intention scale. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify latent profiles of job demands and resources, while multiple linear regression analysis explored the association between different latent profiles and turnover intention.

Results

A total of 2 404 village doctors were included. Five latent profiles were identified: high-risk burnout profile (5.17%), imbalance risk profile (22.98%), low-strain abundant profile (13.37%), high-strain active profile (16.68%), and moderate balanced profile (41.80%). Differences across these categories in terms of gender, age, and employment type were statistically significant (P<0.05). High-risk burnout profile and imbalance risk profile were risk factors for turnover intention (β=0.218, P<0.001; β=0.199, P<0.001), while low-strain abundant profile and high-strain active profile were protective factors for turnover intention (β=-0.292, P<0.001; β=-0.067, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Significant heterogeneity exists in turnover intention among village doctors across different latent profiles of job demands-resources. Priority should be given to interventions targeting the high-risk burnout profile and the imbalance risk profile, while efforts should focus on stabilizing and maintaining the low-strain abundant profile and the moderate balanced profile, and providing developmental support for the high-strain active profile.

Village doctors  /  Job demands-resources  /  Turnover intention  /  Latent profile analysis
王灵婷, 董雪莹, 高宏彬, 杜杨, 刘逸群, 张佳琪, 宋科瑜, 王国文, 刘稳. 山东省乡村医生工作要求-资源特征潜在剖面分析及与离职倾向的关系. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1803 -1808 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601259
Ling-ting WANG, Xue-ying DONG, Hong-bin GAO, Yang DU, Yi-qun LIU, Jia-qi ZHANG, Ke-yu SONG, Guo-wen WANG, Wen LIU. Latent profile analysis of job demands-resources and their association with turnover intention among village doctorsin,Shandong[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1803 -1808 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601259
乡村医生是我国基层医疗卫生服务体系的重要组成部分,是贴近亿万农民群众的“健康守门人”,其队伍稳定性直接影响基层医疗服务的连续性与可及性[1]。离职倾向是指个体产生离开当前岗位的主观意向,被视为预测离职行为的重要前因变量[2]。研究显示,我国乡村医生离职倾向的合并检出率高达44.1%,提示该群体存在较高的潜在流失风险[3]。因此,探讨乡村医生离职倾向的影响因素,对于稳定基层医疗卫生人才队伍具有重要现实意义。
既有研究表明,离职倾向与个体感知的工作压力及支持条件密切相关,其中工作要求与工作资源是关键影响因素[4]。依据工作要求-资源(Job Demands-Resources,JD-R)模型,高工作要求可通过诱发情绪耗竭和职业倦怠增加离职倾向[5],而充足的工作资源则可通过增强工作投入和组织承诺降低离职倾向[6]。然而,现有关于乡村医生离职倾向的研究多集中于单一因素的线性效应,缺乏从工作要求-资源配置视角分析多维因素的综合作用。同时,乡村医生在工作负荷、社会支持和职业发展等方面存在显著个体差异[7],可能形成不同的工作要求-资源特征组合,传统变量分析难以揭示其潜在异质性。潜在剖面分析(Latent Profile Analysis,LPA)作为一种以个体为中心的概率模型,可基于多维指标识别不同特征配置的潜在亚群体,为刻画群体内部差异提供新的分析视角[8]。
基于此,本研究以JD-R模型为理论框架,采用LPA识别乡村医生工作要求-资源的潜在剖面,并分析不同潜在剖面类型与离职倾向的关系,以期为降低乡村医生离职风险和制定差异化干预策略提供参考。研究假设如下:H1:乡村医生工作要求-资源特征在个体层面存在不同潜在剖面类型;H2:不同潜在剖面类型的乡村医生在离职倾向水平上存在显著差异。
本研究采用便利抽样法,于2025年2~3月在山东省16个地市选取6~8个乡镇卫生院及村卫生室的乡村医生作为研究对象。研究方案经山东第一医科大学附属省立医院伦理委员会审核批准(SWYX:NO.2025-560),研究对象均签署知情同意书。纳入标准:①具备执业助理医师及以上资格或持有乡村医生执业证书;②连续在岗工作≥1年。排除标准:①因进修、培训等原因累计离岗时间>6个月;②关键研究变量信息缺失;③问卷存在明显逻辑错误。经数据清洗后,最终纳入有效样本2 404人。
包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、用工类型、专业技术职称、工作年限及月收入等。
该量表由谷佳伟[9]在借鉴国内外成熟量表的基础上修订而成,本研究结合乡村医生工作情境对部分条目进行了情境化调整。共12个条目,涵盖工作定量负荷、工作情感负荷和工作家庭冲突3个维度,采用Likert 5级评分法(1=完全不符合,5=完全符合),各维度均分1~5分,得分越高表示个体在该维度上感知的工作要求水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.927,验证性因子分析结果显示三因子模型拟合良好[10](CFI=0.955,TLI=0.942,SRMR=0.047),表明其具有良好的信效度。
该量表由谷佳伟[9]在借鉴国内外成熟量表的基础上修订而成,本研究结合乡村医生工作资源特征对部分条目进行了适配性调整。共14个条目,涵盖工作自主性、社会支持和职业发展3个维度,采用Likert 5级评分法(1=完全不符合,5=完全符合),各维度均分1~5分,得分越高表示个体在该维度上感知的工作资源水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.932,验证性因子分析结果显示三因子模型拟合较好[10](CFI=0.937,TLI=0.923,SRMR=0.052),表明其具有较好的信效度。
该量表由Farh[11]等编制,广泛用于测量员工离职意向,已证实具有良好的内部一致性。共3个条目,涵盖离职意图、离职可能性和长期职业承诺3个维度,采用Likert 5级评分法,总分均值1~5分,得分越高表示个体离职倾向越强。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.914。
采用Mplus 8.3软件进行LPA。模型拟合度与分类质量通过以下指标综合评价:①赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)及调整贝叶斯信息准则(adjusted Bayesian information criterion,aBIC),数值越小表示模型拟合越好;②熵值(Entropy),越接近1表示分类准确性越高;③似然比检验(LMRT)和Bootstrap似然比检验(BLRT),P<0.05表明k类模型优于k-1类模型[12]。其余统计分析使用SPSS 27.0软件完成,一般人口学变量为分类资料,采用描述性统计分析并通过χ2检验比较不同潜在剖面间差异;采用多元线性回归分析探讨不同潜在剖面与离职倾向的关联。所有检验均为双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入乡村医生2 404名,男性1 433人(59.61%),女性971人(40.39%)。年龄以41~50 岁(51.50%)和≥51岁(41.76%)为主;婚姻状况以已婚者(97.09%)为主;文化程度以中专及以下(45.09%)和大专(43.89%)为主;用工类型以其他用工类型(74.54%)为主;专业技术职称以无职称者(58.15%)为主;工作年限以21~30年(55.16%)为主;月收入以2 001~4 000元(49.63%)为主。
本研究以乡村医生工作要求-资源的6个维度得分为观测变量进行LPA,共拟合1~6类模型。随着潜在剖面类别数增加,模型AIC、BIC及aBIC值逐渐降低。5类模型Entropy值最高,且LMR与BLRT检验均具有统计学意义(P<0.001),最终确定5类模型为最优潜在剖面模型,见表1。
基于模型选择结果,5类模型各维度的平均得分见表2。乡村医生工作要求-资源5个潜在剖面的特征分布见图1。C1剖面工作要求得分最高、工作资源得分最低,命名为“高危耗竭型”(5.17%);C2剖面工作要求得分相对较高、工作资源得分较低,命名为“失衡风险型”(22.98%);C3剖面工作要求得分最低、工作资源得分最高,命名为“低压充裕型”(13.37%);C4剖面工作要求与工作资源得分均较高,命名为“高压活跃型”(16.68%);C5剖面工作要求与工作资源得分整体处于相对中等水平,命名为“中等均衡型”(41.80%)。
χ2检验结果显示,不同工作要求-资源潜在剖面的乡村医生在性别、年龄、用工类型、专业技术职称、工作年限及月收入等方面的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。
以工作要求-资源潜在剖面为自变量,离职倾向得分为因变量,单因素分析结果中有统计学意义的变量作为控制变量,进行多元线性回归分析。结果显示,模型整体具有统计学意义(F=37.267,P<0.001),调整后的R2=0.223。以中等均衡型作为参照组,高危耗竭型和失衡风险型的离职倾向得分呈显著正向关联(β=0.218,P<0.001;β=0.199,P<0.001),而低压充裕型和高压活跃型的离职倾向得分呈显著负向关联(β=-0.292,P<0.001;β=-0.067,P<0.001),见表4。
本研究通过LPA识别出乡村医生工作要求-资源的五种潜在剖面类型,丰富了JD-R模型在中国乡村情境下的本土化应用。具体而言,高危耗竭型占比最少,表现为高工作强度与工作自主性、社会支持及职业发展等关键资源不足并存,符合JD-R模型所揭示的健康损耗路径,个体易出现情绪耗竭、去人格化及低成就感等不良职业反应[13];失衡风险型占比较高,工作资源相对不足,个体易发生工作倦怠并伴随整体幸福感下降[14];低压充裕型占比较少,其较为有利的工作环境与较低的心理应激水平及较高的工作投入相关[15];高压活跃型虽占比不高,但其较高的工作资源可在一定程度上缓解高工作要求带来的职业压力,并促进积极工作状态形成[14],体现JD-R模型中的动机激发过程;中等均衡型占比最高,工作要求与资源配置相对均衡与较低的职业倦怠相关[15],有利于个体保持积极的情绪体验。
人口学特征分析显示,不同工作要求-资源潜在剖面的乡村医生在性别、年龄及用工类型等方面存在显著差异。高危耗竭型中,男性、41~50岁、初级职称及低收入者占比高于其他剖面,提示其多处于职业发展与家庭责任叠加阶段,心理资源持续消耗,职业耗竭风险较高[16-17]。失衡风险型中,事业编及合同制、中级及以上职称和工作年限≥31年者占比低于其他剖面,反映其职业发展资源相对不足,难以有效缓冲较高工作要求,职业风险更易累积。低压充裕型中,≤40岁、事业编及合同制、工作年限≤10年和高收入者占比高于其他剖面,表明其多处于职业早期阶段,制度支持与经济回报充足,有助于形成稳定的职业预期[18-19]。高压活跃型中,年龄≥51岁、备案制、中级及以上职称和工作年限≥31年者占比高于其他剖面,提示稳固的职业基础可能使个体将高工作要求视为挑战性任务,从而保持较好的适应状态[20]。中等均衡型中,无职称者占比高于其他剖面,显示其尚未形成明显职业优势,对外部支持条件变化较为敏感。
本研究发现,不同工作要求-资源潜在剖面的乡村医生离职倾向存在显著异质性,提示应实施分层识别与差异化干预。高危耗竭型离职倾向最高,表明个体易沿健康损耗路径形成压力累积并伴随离职意向上升[13],应推进“县聘村用、县管乡用”的用人机制,合理配置公共卫生服务任务,优化绩效与收入分配,并提供心理支持以降低离职风险;失衡风险型离职倾向较高,说明资源缓冲作用不足,个体仍可能沿健康损耗路径发展[13, 21],应完善岗位培训与继续教育体系,依托县乡联合培训平台提升专业能力,防止其向高危耗竭型转化;低压充裕型离职倾向最低,提示低工作负荷与充足资源有助于维持职业稳定性[22],应保持绩效与考核制度稳定以巩固职业预期;高压活跃型离职倾向较低,但仍面临较高工作要求带来的潜在压力[13, 23],应建立基层骨干培养机制并鼓励参与基层医疗服务指导与经验分享,以增强职业成就感并促进长期留任;中等均衡型离职倾向处于中等水平,表明工作要求与资源配置基本匹配,有利于维持相对稳定的职业状态[21],应完善职称晋升与岗位保障政策,并稳定基本公共卫生经费投入,防止其向高风险剖面转化。
本研究基于LPA识别了乡村医生不同工作要求-资源的潜在剖面,并揭示其在离职倾向上的显著差异,为从结构性视角理解离职问题及制定分层干预策略提供了实证依据。但仍存在一定局限性:一是横断面研究设计限制了变量间因果关系的推断,未来可通过纵向研究进一步探讨工作要求-资源特征与离职倾向的动态关联;二是样本来源于单一省份,研究结论外推性有限,未来可在不同地区开展多中心研究,以提升结果的外部效度。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(72504256; 72004164)
  • 山东省卫生健康人力资源管理研究项目(2025RLZY073)
  • 山东省卫健医疗管理研究中心科研项目(SDWJYJ2025CB010)
  • 山东省社科联2025年度人文社会科学课题合作专项
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2026年第53卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202601259
  • 接收时间:2026-01-15
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-15
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(72504256; 72004164)
山东省卫生健康人力资源管理研究项目(2025RLZY073)
山东省卫健医疗管理研究中心科研项目(SDWJYJ2025CB010)
山东省社科联2025年度人文社会科学课题合作专项
作者信息
    1.山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)公共卫生与健康管理学院,山东 济南 250117
    2.山东第一医科大学第一附属医院(山东省千佛山医院)
    3.山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)医药管理学院
    4.国家卫生健康委医药卫生科技发展研究中心成果转化处
    5.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院教学部
    6.山东第一医科大学附属菏泽医院(山东省立医院菏泽医院)科研部
    7.浙江中医药大学人文与管理学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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