Article(id=1311349937753911768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512465, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766678400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579788863, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579788863, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579788863, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579788863, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349919793905738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579784582, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588408144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2113, endPage=2116, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311349937959432665, articleId=1311349937753911768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association and mediating effects among frailty, depression, and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults, Xinjiang, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the bidirectional mediating effect of frailty and depression on cognitive impairment.

Methods

Data were obtained from a community-based epidemiological survey conducted in Mulei County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in June 2024. Participants were aged 60 years and older. Information on frailty, depression, and cognitive function was collected. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation effect analysis using the SPSS PROCESS Macro.

Results

Compared to those with normal cognitive function, older adults with cognitive dysfunction had a higher mean age and a higher prevalence of depression and frailty, alongside lower body mass index (BMI) and reduced physical activity time(P<0.05). Significant correlations were observed among frailty, depression, and cognitive function(P<0.05). Mediation analysis revealed: Frailty partially mediated the relationship between depression and cognitive function (β= -0.076 9, 95% CI: -0.061 4 to -0.016 2), accounting for 19.22% of the total effect; Depression partially mediated the relationship between frailty and cognitive function (β=-0.203 4, 95%CI: -0.312 6 to -0.107 3), accounting for 28.57% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Frailty and depression act as mutual mediators in predicting cognitive dysfunction in older adults. Interventions targeting both physical frailty and psychological well-being may be effective strategies for the prevention and management of cognitive decline in this population.

, authors=Lei XU1, 2, Mulatibieke Tunike2, Xuekelati Saiyare2, Xue BAI2, Hong-mei WANG1, 2, authorsList=Lei XU, Mulatibieke Tunike, Xuekelati Saiyare, Xue BAI, Hong-mei WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong-mei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311349939255472610, articleId=1311349937753911768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=新疆社区老年人群衰弱、抑郁与认知功能障碍的关联及中介效应研究, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

检验衰弱与抑郁在认知功能障碍发生中的双向中介作用。

方法

采用整群随机抽样方法,于2024年6月新疆维吾尔自治区木垒县社区开展的流行病学调查中的60岁以上老年人中,获取衰弱、抑郁和认知功能等相关信息。对数据进行描述性统计、相关性分析、回归分析,使用SPSS宏程序Process进行中介效应分析。

结果

老年人中认知功能障碍者年龄、抑郁占比、衰弱占比高于认知功能正常者,体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、体力活动时间低于认知功能正常者,衰弱、抑郁、认知功能之间均存在相关性(P<0.05)。中介效应分析显示:衰弱在抑郁与认知功能之间起中介作用(β=-0.076 9,95%CI:-0.061 4~-0.016 2),占总效应值的19.22%;抑郁在衰弱与认知功能之间起中介作用(β=-0.203 4,95%CI:-0.312 6~-0.107 3),占总效应值的28.57%。

结论

以认知功能障碍为因变量,衰弱与抑郁互为对方的中介变量。关注老年人的躯体和心理健康,可能有助于防治认知功能障碍。

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徐磊(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:老年医学

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注: ***表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=8isHAT8yPNEGfT4Wav64Pw==, figureFileBig=FiPKSlX4jOb5ilSTU2LFsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311349943802098189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349937753911768, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of the participants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量认知功能正常(n=638)认知功能障碍(n=431)统计量P值
年龄(岁,)69.02±6.1971.42±6.86t=-5.821<0.001
性别[n(%)]χ2=2.4920.114
男性323(50.63)197(45.71)
女性315(49.37)234(54.29)
婚姻合并[n(%)]χ2=0.1940.659
已婚474(74.29)315(73.09)
离异/丧偶164(25.71)116(26.91)
文化程度合并[n(%)]-0.946
小学及以下493(77.27)331(76.80)
初中105(16.46)76(17.63)
高中及中专35(5.49)21(4.87)
大专及以上5(0.78)3(0.70)
吸烟[n(%)]70(10.97)43(9.98)χ2=0.2690.604
饮酒[n(%)]50(7.84)33(7.66)χ2=0.0120.914
糖尿病[n(%)]56(8.78)37(8.58)χ2=0.0120.913
高血压[n(%)]241(37.77)171(39.68)χ2=0.3920.531
体力活动时间]840.00(241.50,1 680.00)420.00(0.00,1 260.00)Z=-4.725<0.001
BMI()26.58±4.6725.73±4.83t=2.8810.004
抑郁得分[M(P25,P75)] 1.00(0.00, 3.00)2.00(0.00, 4.00)Z=-3.871<0.001
衰弱得分[M(P25,P75)] 0.00(0.00, 1.00)1.00(0.00, 2.00)Z=-5.398<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311349943915344398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349937753911768, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

参与者基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量认知功能正常(n=638)认知功能障碍(n=431)统计量P值
年龄(岁,)69.02±6.1971.42±6.86t=-5.821<0.001
性别[n(%)]χ2=2.4920.114
男性323(50.63)197(45.71)
女性315(49.37)234(54.29)
婚姻合并[n(%)]χ2=0.1940.659
已婚474(74.29)315(73.09)
离异/丧偶164(25.71)116(26.91)
文化程度合并[n(%)]-0.946
小学及以下493(77.27)331(76.80)
初中105(16.46)76(17.63)
高中及中专35(5.49)21(4.87)
大专及以上5(0.78)3(0.70)
吸烟[n(%)]70(10.97)43(9.98)χ2=0.2690.604
饮酒[n(%)]50(7.84)33(7.66)χ2=0.0120.914
糖尿病[n(%)]56(8.78)37(8.58)χ2=0.0120.913
高血压[n(%)]241(37.77)171(39.68)χ2=0.3920.531
体力活动时间]840.00(241.50,1 680.00)420.00(0.00,1 260.00)Z=-4.725<0.001
BMI()26.58±4.6725.73±4.83t=2.8810.004
抑郁得分[M(P25,P75)] 1.00(0.00, 3.00)2.00(0.00, 4.00)Z=-3.871<0.001
衰弱得分[M(P25,P75)] 0.00(0.00, 1.00)1.00(0.00, 2.00)Z=-5.398<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311349943999230479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349937753911768, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of frailty, depression, and cognitive function(rs)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量文化程度认知功能得分体力活动时间衰弱得分抑郁得分
文化程度1.000
认知功能得分0.420b1.000
体力活动时间0.135b0.234b1.000
衰弱得分-0.153b-0.268b-0.452b1.000
抑郁得分-0.092a-0.195b-0.223b0.351b1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1311349944099893776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349937753911768, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

衰弱、抑郁与认知功能的相关性分析(rs)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量文化程度认知功能得分体力活动时间衰弱得分抑郁得分
文化程度1.000
认知功能得分0.420b1.000
体力活动时间0.135b0.234b1.000
衰弱得分-0.153b-0.268b-0.452b1.000
抑郁得分-0.092a-0.195b-0.223b0.351b1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1311349944183779857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349937753911768, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of factors associated with cognitive function scores

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变量β(95%CI)SEtP值
模型1
年龄-0.194(-0.244~-0.143)0.026-7.512<0.001
BMI0.129(0.060~0.199)0.0353.667<0.001
体力活动时间0.000(0.000~0.001)0.0001.5810.114
衰弱得分-0.655(-0.905~-0.405)0.127-5.138<0.001
抑郁得分-0.365(-0.489~-0.242)0.063-5.814<0.001
模型2
年龄-0.184(-0.235~-0.134)0.026-7.210<0.001
BMI0.135(0.068~0.202)0.0343.940<0.001
体力活动时间0.000(0.000~0.001)0.0001.1880.235
衰弱得分-0.487(-0.728~-0.245)0.123-3.958<0.001
抑郁得分-0.320(-0.438~-0.202)0.060-5.338<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311349944259277330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349937753911768, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

认知功能得分的多元线性回归分析

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变量β(95%CI)SEtP值
模型1
年龄-0.194(-0.244~-0.143)0.026-7.512<0.001
BMI0.129(0.060~0.199)0.0353.667<0.001
体力活动时间0.000(0.000~0.001)0.0001.5810.114
衰弱得分-0.655(-0.905~-0.405)0.127-5.138<0.001
抑郁得分-0.365(-0.489~-0.242)0.063-5.814<0.001
模型2
年龄-0.184(-0.235~-0.134)0.026-7.210<0.001
BMI0.135(0.068~0.202)0.0343.940<0.001
体力活动时间0.000(0.000~0.001)0.0001.1880.235
衰弱得分-0.487(-0.728~-0.245)0.123-3.958<0.001
抑郁得分-0.320(-0.438~-0.202)0.060-5.338<0.001
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新疆社区老年人群衰弱、抑郁与认知功能障碍的关联及中介效应研究
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徐磊 1, 2 , 吐尼克·木拉提别克 2 , 赛娅热·雪克拉提 2 , 白雪 2 , 王红梅 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(12): 2113-2116
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (12) : 2113 -2116
新疆社区老年人群衰弱、抑郁与认知功能障碍的关联及中介效应研究
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徐磊1, 2, 吐尼克·木拉提别克2, 赛娅热·雪克拉提2, 白雪2, 王红梅1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.新疆医科大学,新疆维吾尔自治区 乌鲁木齐 830001
  • 2.新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院综合保健内科二病区
通讯作者:
王红梅,E-mail:
作者简介:

徐磊(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:老年医学

Association and mediating effects among frailty, depression, and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults, Xinjiang
Lei XU1, 2, Mulatibieke Tunike2, Xuekelati Saiyare2, Xue BAI2, Hong-mei WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830001, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512465
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目的

检验衰弱与抑郁在认知功能障碍发生中的双向中介作用。

方法

采用整群随机抽样方法,于2024年6月新疆维吾尔自治区木垒县社区开展的流行病学调查中的60岁以上老年人中,获取衰弱、抑郁和认知功能等相关信息。对数据进行描述性统计、相关性分析、回归分析,使用SPSS宏程序Process进行中介效应分析。

结果

老年人中认知功能障碍者年龄、抑郁占比、衰弱占比高于认知功能正常者,体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、体力活动时间低于认知功能正常者,衰弱、抑郁、认知功能之间均存在相关性(P<0.05)。中介效应分析显示:衰弱在抑郁与认知功能之间起中介作用(β=-0.076 9,95%CI:-0.061 4~-0.016 2),占总效应值的19.22%;抑郁在衰弱与认知功能之间起中介作用(β=-0.203 4,95%CI:-0.312 6~-0.107 3),占总效应值的28.57%。

结论

以认知功能障碍为因变量,衰弱与抑郁互为对方的中介变量。关注老年人的躯体和心理健康,可能有助于防治认知功能障碍。

衰弱  /  抑郁  /  认知功能障碍  /  中介作用
Objective

To examine the bidirectional mediating effect of frailty and depression on cognitive impairment.

Methods

Data were obtained from a community-based epidemiological survey conducted in Mulei County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in June 2024. Participants were aged 60 years and older. Information on frailty, depression, and cognitive function was collected. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation effect analysis using the SPSS PROCESS Macro.

Results

Compared to those with normal cognitive function, older adults with cognitive dysfunction had a higher mean age and a higher prevalence of depression and frailty, alongside lower body mass index (BMI) and reduced physical activity time(P<0.05). Significant correlations were observed among frailty, depression, and cognitive function(P<0.05). Mediation analysis revealed: Frailty partially mediated the relationship between depression and cognitive function (β= -0.076 9, 95% CI: -0.061 4 to -0.016 2), accounting for 19.22% of the total effect; Depression partially mediated the relationship between frailty and cognitive function (β=-0.203 4, 95%CI: -0.312 6 to -0.107 3), accounting for 28.57% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Frailty and depression act as mutual mediators in predicting cognitive dysfunction in older adults. Interventions targeting both physical frailty and psychological well-being may be effective strategies for the prevention and management of cognitive decline in this population.

Frailty  /  Depression  /  Cognitive impairment  /  Mediating effect
徐磊, 吐尼克·木拉提别克, 赛娅热·雪克拉提, 白雪, 王红梅. 新疆社区老年人群衰弱、抑郁与认知功能障碍的关联及中介效应研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2113 -2116 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512465
Lei XU, Mulatibieke Tunike, Xuekelati Saiyare, Xue BAI, Hong-mei WANG. Association and mediating effects among frailty, depression, and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults, Xinjiang[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2113 -2116 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512465
根据《2024年度国家老龄事业发展公报》,截止2024年末,中国60岁及以上老年人口达3.1亿人,占总人口的22.0%;65岁及以上的老年人口2.2亿,占总人口的15.6%。据估计,至2051年,我国60岁及以上人口将达到4.37亿峰值[1]。随着老年人口比例增长,认知功能障碍作为与年龄相关的老年综合征发病率持续上升。认知功能障碍指个体的记忆、语言、执行能力、注意力等认知领域能力的下降,导致死亡风险增加,痴呆、残疾和住院率上升,生活质量下降[2],危害老年人群健康。认知功能障碍常与衰弱、抑郁等常见老年综合征共存且相互影响,厘清三者间的内在关联机制,对于认知功能障碍的早期识别与防治至关重要。
衰弱是一种个体生理储备下降及应激能力减损的临床综合征[3],抑郁症状则是一组以心境低落、兴趣减退为核心的情感障碍综合征[4]。在中国老年人群中,认知功能障碍、衰弱和抑郁的患病率分别高达14.4%[5]、11.6%[3]和13.06%[4]。目前,已有大量研究发现认知功能障碍分别与衰弱和抑郁存在紧密联系[6-8]。同时,衰弱与抑郁存在共同的神经炎症、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal,HPA)轴失调[9]及脑结构[10]改变等损害认知功能的途径。既往研究多关注任两者之间的关联,缺乏对三者互作机制的探讨,本研究旨在探讨衰弱与抑郁对老年人群认知功能的作用机制,为老年认知功能障碍的早期防治提供理论依据。
本研究采用整群随机抽样方法,于2024年6月,在新疆维吾尔自治区木垒县的所有乡镇中,采用随机数字表法抽取10个乡镇作为抽样单元,对被抽中区域内所有符合纳排标准的常驻老人进行全群调查。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥60岁;(2)同意参加本次研究,并签署知情同意书。排除标准:(1)患有精神类疾病;(2)患有严重认知功能障碍(如阿尔兹海默症、血管性痴呆);(3)严重的器官功能衰退、处于疾病终末期。本研究经新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院伦理委员会审查和批准(KY2024101708),所有研究对象签署知情同意书,对于不识字的老年人,已获得合法授权代表的知情同意。
调查结束后由两名研究人员独立核对问卷,对存在缺失关键信息者通过电话进行补充调查,经补充后仍缺失关键信息者予以剔除。最终纳入研究对象1 069例,根据简易智能精神状态检查量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)划界标准,将其分为认知功能正常组(n=638)与认知功能障碍组(n=431)。
(1)资料收集方法 调查人员均经过统一培训,调查团队包含使用维吾尔语/哈萨克语的双语人员,对量表进行翻译与文化调适,以确保理解准确。(2)一般资料收集 由调查人员对性别、年龄、婚姻状况、吸烟史、饮酒史、体力活动时间(过去一周进行体育锻炼与农业劳动时间总和)等资料进行收集。测量身高、体重,并计算体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)=体重(kg)/身高(m)2。(3)认知功能评估方法 使用MMSE量表评估老年人认知功能,总分为30分,从定向力、记忆力、注意力和计算力、回忆力和语言能力5各维度进行评价,根据不同文化水平,认知功能缺陷有着不同的特异性临界点,文盲总分≤17分,小学总分≤20分,初中及以上总分≤24分,提示认知功能缺陷[11]。在本研究中,该量表的总体Cronbach α系数为0.725。(4)抑郁评估方法 使用简版老年抑郁量表(Geriatric Depression Scale,GDS)评估老年人抑郁状况,总分15分,得分≥5分提示抑郁症状[12]。在本研究中,该量表的总体Cronbach α系数为0.817。(5)衰弱评估方法 使用Fried衰弱量表(Fried frailty phenotype scale)评估老年人衰弱状态,总分5分,从体重减轻、疲劳感、握力下降、步速减慢和低体能5个维度进行评价,0分为无衰弱,1~2分为衰弱前期,≥3分提示衰弱[13]。该量表在中国社区老年人群中经过验证,具有良好的信效度[14]。
采用SPSS 27.0进行分析。定量资料中正态分布数据使用表示,非正态分布数据采用M(P25, P75)表示,定性资料使用计数(百分比)来表示。组间比较采用t检验、卡方检验、fisher确切概率法或秩和检验。采用斯皮尔曼偏相关分析认知功能、抑郁和衰弱之间的相关性。采用多元线性回归分析认知功能的影响因素。使用SPSS宏程序Process中模型4进行中介效应分析。检验水准α=0.05。
在纳入分析的1 069名研究对象中,男性520名(48.6%),女性549名(51.4%);平均年龄(69.99 ± 6.57)岁;平均MMSE评分22.00(18.00, 25.00),40.32%的研究对象存在认知功能障碍;GDS评分1.00(0.00, 4.00),18.80%的研究对象存在抑郁;Fried衰弱量表评分0.00(0.00, 2.00),16.93%的研究对象存在衰弱。认知障碍者年龄、抑郁占比、衰弱占比高于认知功能正常者,BMI低于认知功能正常者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。
调整混杂因素后,衰弱得分、抑郁得分与认知功能得分之间均呈正相关。文化程度与认知功能得分呈正相关,与衰弱、抑郁呈负相关;体力活动时间与认知功能得分呈正相关,与衰弱、抑郁呈负相关(P<0.05),见表2。
调整性别、婚姻状态、文化程度、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、高血压和糖尿病后,年龄(β=-0.184,P<0.001)、衰弱得分(β=-0.487,P<0.001)及抑郁得分(β=-0.320,P<0.001)与认知功能得分呈独立负相关;BMI(β=0.135,P<0.001)与认知功能得分呈独立正相关。此外,体力活动时间未显示出统计学显著性(P>0.05),见表3。
以抑郁得分为自变量,认知功能得分为因变量,衰弱得分为中介变量,并将年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状态、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、BMI、高血压、糖尿病作为协变量进行调整,建立中介模型。Bootstrap法检验结果显示95%CI均不包含0,表明中介效应显著。衰弱得分的中介效应占总效应的19.22%(β=-0.076 9,95%CI:-0.061 4~-0.016 2,P<0.001);更改认知功能得分为自变量,抑郁得分为因变量,中介效应仍成立,抑郁得分的中介效应占总效应的28.57%(β=-0.203 4,95%CI:-0.312 6~-0.107 3,P<0.001),见图1。
本研究结果显示新疆木垒县社区老年人群抑郁的发生率为18.80%,衰弱的发生率为16.93%,与以往的研究相符[3-4]。认知功能障碍的发生率高达40.32%,显著高于既往中国社区老年人水平[5],可能与本研究样本受教育程度普遍较低有关,认知储备理论认为早年受教育经历有助于对抗衰老病理损伤/年龄相关的脑部退化[15],低学历人群可能因认知储备不足而在衰老时更容易出现认知功能障碍;此外,尽管在调查中对MMSE量表进行了语言翻译与适当的文化调适,但既往研究表明认知筛查工具可能在多元文化人群中存在“文化偏见”,影响诊断准确性[16]。另一方面,认知功能正常组与认知功能障碍组的文化程度并无统计学差异(P>0.05),这可能是因为本研究采用文化程度校正后的MMSE量表划界分数对认知功能障碍进行判断,从而控制了文化程度这一重要混杂因素对认知功能评估结果的影响。
本研究相关性分析与线性回归分析显示,BMI与认知功能得分呈显著独立正相关,即较高的BMI与较好的认知功能相关联。一项纳入六个国家人群的研究显示,在50~64岁人群中,高BMI与轻度认知障碍(MCI)发生显著正相关,而在≥65岁人群中,高BMI则与MCI发生呈负相关[17],一项中国的纵向研究显示肥胖(BMI>28 kg/m2)人群认知衰退速度更慢[18]。这种差异称为“肥胖悖论”,与中青年人群相比,老年人中较高的BMI意味着更充足的营养储备与代谢底物以维持脑代谢稳态并延缓认知衰退[19]。此外,Someya等人发现在肥胖人群中,相较于非肌少性肥胖,肌少性肥胖人群痴呆患病率更高[20]。这表明老年人群中高BMI对认知的保护作用可能依赖于共存的肌肉质量与功能。因此未来的认知干预策略应当注重阻抗训练以维持肌肉质量。
本研究发现在统计学上衰弱和抑郁与认知功能障碍之间存在双向中介效应,这一统计学路径可以使用“生物-心理-社会”医学模式/模型进行解释,认知功能障碍并非单一生物学因素的结果,而受生物、心理和社会多维度作用的影响。首先,衰弱可能通过抑郁间接损害认知功能。生物维度的躯体衰弱导致老年人日常生活能力下降与活动受限,被迫减少社交活动。社会维度上,社会参与的降低使衰弱老年人的生命意义感减少,更容易产生孤独、焦虑和抑郁情绪。心理维度上,抑郁被认为是阿尔茨海默病的前驱阶段[21],通过激活神经炎症通路抑制神经营养因子表达[22],对认知功能产生直接损害。反之,抑郁同样可能通过衰弱间接加剧认知功能障碍。抑郁导致行为退缩与社交回避,减少老年人躯体活动与营养摄入[7],引发躯体衰弱。此外,抑郁情绪可持续激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴[23],导致皮质醇水平长期升高,加速骨骼肌蛋白质的分解代谢,推动衰弱的发生与发展[9]。衰弱伴随的生理功能下降与进一步社会隔离减少老年人的社会支持与新事物的接触,进而导致认知储备的耗竭与认知功能下降。此外,衰弱伴随肌肉质量减少,“肌肉-脑轴”理论认为骨骼肌不仅是运动器官,更是重要的内分泌器官,能分泌具有神经保护作用的肌因子如鸢尾素、脑源性神经营养因子及胰岛素样生长因子-1等[24]。本研究则发现体力活动时间与认知功能得分呈正相关,推测体力活动可能激活骨骼肌内分泌功能,通过“肌肉-脑轴”对认知功能发挥保护作用。
本研究存在一定的局限性:首先,本研究为横断面研究,所观察到的中介效应仅为统计学上的关联,无法证明变量发生的时间顺序与因果关系,有待未来的前瞻性队列研究进一步验证;其次,本研究采用的量表很大程度上依赖于受访者的自我报告,难以避免主观因素的影响。
综上,本研究表明在新疆社区老年人群中衰弱与抑郁互为中介,与认知功能障碍相关联,提供了衰弱、抑郁与认知功能障碍之间可能的机制新路径,为预防认知功能障碍提供思路。未来的干预措施应当同时关注心理与躯体维度,将抗阻运动、营养干预及心理疏导等相结合,从而延缓认知功能下降。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区卫生健康保健科研专项项目(BH202502)
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院院内项目(20230243)
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2026年第53卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512465
  • 接收时间:2025-12-26
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-26
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新疆维吾尔自治区卫生健康保健科研专项项目(BH202502)
新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院院内项目(20230243)
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    1.新疆医科大学,新疆维吾尔自治区 乌鲁木齐 830001
    2.新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院综合保健内科二病区

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属
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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