Article(id=1311350363823899508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512457, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766678400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579890446, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579890446, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579890446, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579890446, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311350363295417204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579890321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790584112451, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2969, endPage=2974, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350364008448885, articleId=1311350363823899508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Mediating effect of the intrinsic capacity of community-dwelling elderly in Jiading District, Shanghai between sleep quality and activities of daily living, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the association between the sleep quality and daily living activity ability (ADL) of community-dwelling elderly in Jiading District, Shanghai, and to explore the mediating role of intrinsic capacity (IC).

Methods

: A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 4 462 community-dwelling elderly aged 60 and above in Jiading District. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), IC assessment tool, Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL), and Instrument Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale were used for evaluation. Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression models, and the Bootstrap method were used for statistical analysis.

Results

: The scores of BADL and IADL were (98.12±7.72) and (7.60±1.25) respectively. The detection rate of sleep disorders was 32.52%, and the impairment rate of IC was 83.03%. The PSQI score was negatively correlated with the BADL/IADL scores (BADL:r=-0.13,P<0.01; IADL:r=-0.17,P<0.01). The IC score was also negatively correlated with the BADL/IADL scores (BADL:r=-0.32,P<0.01; IADL:r=-0.40,P<0.01). IC played a partial mediating role in the relationship between sleep quality and BADL/IADL, with the mediating effect accounting for 41.40% and 28.57% respectively.

Conclusion

: The sleep quality of community-dwelling elderly is closely related to their ADL, and IC plays a partial mediating effect. Improving sleep quality and enhancing IC may help delay functional decline and promote healthy aging.

, authors=Zuo-li ZOU1, 2, Zi-shuo HUANG3, Hong-jie YU4, Yan ZHANG4, Yi-shan XU3, Ge-yao ZHOU1, 5, Ming LI1, 2, 6, Ying WANG3, authorsList=Zuo-li ZOU, Zi-shuo HUANG, Hong-jie YU, Yan ZHANG, Yi-shan XU, Ge-yao ZHOU, Ming LI, Ying WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ming LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350365266740096, articleId=1311350363823899508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=上海市嘉定区社区老年人内在能力在睡眠质量与日常生活活动能力之间的中介效应分析, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析上海市嘉定区社区老年人睡眠质量与日常生活活动能力(Activities of Daily Living,ADL)的关联,并探讨内在能力(Intrinsic Capacity,IC)的中介作用。

方法

采用多阶段整群随机抽样,对嘉定区4 462名≥60岁社区老年人开展问卷调查。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)、内在能力测评工具、基础性日常生活活动能力(Basic Activities of Daily Living,BADL)以及工具性日常生活活动能力(Instrument Activities of Daily Living,IADL)量表进行评估。利用Pearson相关分析、线性回归模型及Bootstrap法进行统计分析。

结果

BADL和IADL得分分别为(98.12±7.72)、(7.60±1.25),睡眠障碍的检出率为32.52%,IC受损率为83.03%。PSQI得分与BADL/IADL得分呈负相关(BADL:r=-0.13,P<0.01;IADL:r=-0.17,P<0.01),IC得分与BADL/IADL得分亦呈负相关(BADL:r=-0.32,P<0.01;IADL:r=-0.40,P<0.01)。IC在睡眠质量与BADL/IADL关系中起部分中介作用,效应占比分别为41.40%和28.57%。

结论

社区老年人的睡眠质量与ADL密切相关,IC发挥部分中介效应。改善睡眠质量并提升IC,可能有助于延缓功能衰退,促进健康老龄化。

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邹作丽(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生事业管理与医院管理

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李明,E-mail:
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Sleep Medicine, 2023, 109(1): 98-103., articleTitle=Association between sleep health and intrinsic capacity among older adults in Taiwan, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350370794832845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, awardId=GWGZLXK-2023-02, language=CN, fundingSource=复旦-嘉定公共卫生高质量发展重点学科项目(GWGZLXK-2023-02), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311350370878718926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, awardId=2025-PWYC-14, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市浦东新区卫健委研究项目(2025-PWYC-14), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350365510009729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350365514204034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, companyId=1311350365510009729, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350365522592643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, companyId=1311350365510009729, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350365589701508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350365598090117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, companyId=1311350365589701508, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海市浦东新区周浦医院(上海健康医学院附属周浦医院))]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350365681976198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350365690364807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, companyId=1311350365681976198, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.复旦大学公共卫生学院/国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室(复旦大学))]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350365778445192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350365795222409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, companyId=1311350365778445192, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350365874914186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350365887497099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, companyId=1311350365874914186, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5贵州医科大学大健康研究院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350365962994572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, xref=6., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350365971383181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, companyId=1311350365962994572, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.上海市东方医院/同济大学附属东方医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350369788199875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of scores of activities of daily living among the elderly with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数(%)BADL得分
()
t/F值P值IADL得分
()
t/F值P值
总体4 46298.12±7.727.60±1.25
性别3.0830.0024.535<0.001
男2 114(47.38)98.50±7.147.69±1.08
女2 348(52.62)97.79±8.197.52±1.38
年龄(岁)317.296<0.001919.885<0.001
60~692 096(46.97)99.61±2.917.95±0.42
70~791 690(37.88)98.84±5.567.81±0.72
≥80676(15.15)91.73±15.536.02±2.33
婚姻状况188.557<0.001566.694<0.001
在婚3 789(84.92)98.78±5.977.76±0.92
丧偶/离异/单身673(15.08)94.44±13.366.76±2.17
文化程度60.982<0.001129.975<0.001
小学及以下1 843(41.30)96.63±10.617.26±1.70
初中1 914(42.90)99.28±3.937.86±0.60
高中/技校/中专及以上705(15.80)98.89±5.567.83±0.85
月收入(元)8.185<0.00119.435<0.001
≤2 000686(15.37)97.03±8.5437.34±1.57
2 001~5 0003 242(72.66)98.30±7.567.64±1.19
>5 000534(11.97)98.45±7.457.71±1.08
吸烟12.695<0.00120.742<0.001
从不吸烟3 148(70.55)97.81±8.317.54±1.36
戒烟363(8.14)97.91±8.497.60±1.18
现时吸烟951(21.31)99.24±4.667.83±0.77
饮酒10.506<0.00115.131<0.001
从不饮酒3 545(79.45)97.94±8.037.56±1.32
戒酒157(3.52)96.94±11.677.45±1.43
现时饮酒760(17.03)99.22±4.387.83±0.76
慢性病数量27.976<0.00138.902<0.001
0920(20.62)99.20±4.167.82±0.81
11 535(34.40)98.69±5.857.70±1.08
≥22 007(44.98)97.19±9.847.43±1.49
BMI分类31.549<0.00141.156<0.001
正常体重1 911(42.82)97.93±8.407.55±1.36
低体重131(2.94)92.18±18.226.52±2.56
超重1 832(41.06)98.79±5.407.72±0.969
肥胖588(13.18)98.00±7.037.66±1.07
睡眠障碍64.8880.001109.549<0.001
有1 451(32.52)96.79±9.777.33±1.65
无3 011(67.48)98.76±6.417.74±0.97
内在能力42.178<0.00168.597<0.001
正常757(16.97)99.78±1.247.94±0.28
受损3 705(83.03)97.79±8.417.54±1.35
), ArticleFig(id=1311350369989526468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征老年人日常生活活动能力得分比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数(%)BADL得分
()
t/F值P值IADL得分
()
t/F值P值
总体4 46298.12±7.727.60±1.25
性别3.0830.0024.535<0.001
男2 114(47.38)98.50±7.147.69±1.08
女2 348(52.62)97.79±8.197.52±1.38
年龄(岁)317.296<0.001919.885<0.001
60~692 096(46.97)99.61±2.917.95±0.42
70~791 690(37.88)98.84±5.567.81±0.72
≥80676(15.15)91.73±15.536.02±2.33
婚姻状况188.557<0.001566.694<0.001
在婚3 789(84.92)98.78±5.977.76±0.92
丧偶/离异/单身673(15.08)94.44±13.366.76±2.17
文化程度60.982<0.001129.975<0.001
小学及以下1 843(41.30)96.63±10.617.26±1.70
初中1 914(42.90)99.28±3.937.86±0.60
高中/技校/中专及以上705(15.80)98.89±5.567.83±0.85
月收入(元)8.185<0.00119.435<0.001
≤2 000686(15.37)97.03±8.5437.34±1.57
2 001~5 0003 242(72.66)98.30±7.567.64±1.19
>5 000534(11.97)98.45±7.457.71±1.08
吸烟12.695<0.00120.742<0.001
从不吸烟3 148(70.55)97.81±8.317.54±1.36
戒烟363(8.14)97.91±8.497.60±1.18
现时吸烟951(21.31)99.24±4.667.83±0.77
饮酒10.506<0.00115.131<0.001
从不饮酒3 545(79.45)97.94±8.037.56±1.32
戒酒157(3.52)96.94±11.677.45±1.43
现时饮酒760(17.03)99.22±4.387.83±0.76
慢性病数量27.976<0.00138.902<0.001
0920(20.62)99.20±4.167.82±0.81
11 535(34.40)98.69±5.857.70±1.08
≥22 007(44.98)97.19±9.847.43±1.49
BMI分类31.549<0.00141.156<0.001
正常体重1 911(42.82)97.93±8.407.55±1.36
低体重131(2.94)92.18±18.226.52±2.56
超重1 832(41.06)98.79±5.407.72±0.969
肥胖588(13.18)98.00±7.037.66±1.07
睡眠障碍64.8880.001109.549<0.001
有1 451(32.52)96.79±9.777.33±1.65
无3 011(67.48)98.76±6.417.74±0.97
内在能力42.178<0.00168.597<0.001
正常757(16.97)99.78±1.247.94±0.28
受损3 705(83.03)97.79±8.417.54±1.35
), ArticleFig(id=1311350370065023941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Pearson correlation coefficients (r) of sleep quality score, intrinsic capacity score, and activities of daily living score

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量()PSQI得分IC得分BADL得分IADL得分
PSQI得分4.65±3.691.00
IC得分1.49±1.040.17a1.00
BADL得分98.12±7.72-0.13a-0.32a1.00
IADL得分7.60±1.25-0.17a-0.40a0.75a1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1311350370148910022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

睡眠质量得分、内在能力得分、日常生活活动能力得分的Pearson相关系数(r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量()PSQI得分IC得分BADL得分IADL得分
PSQI得分4.65±3.691.00
IC得分1.49±1.040.17a1.00
BADL得分98.12±7.72-0.13a-0.32a1.00
IADL得分7.60±1.25-0.17a-0.40a0.75a1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1311350370236990407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of regression analysis of sleep quality and intrinsic capacity on basic activities of daily living

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2
效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值
PSQI-0.215(-0.275~-0.155)0.031-6.998a0.042(0.034~0.050)0.00410.298a
IC
R2值0.0510.069
F值119.779a165.335a
变量模型3
效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值
PSQI-0.126(-0.184~-0.068)0.030-4.234a
IC-2.105(-2.317~-1.893)0.108-19.485a
R2值0.126
F值213.192a
), ArticleFig(id=1311350370329265096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

睡眠质量和内在能力对基础性日常生活活动能力的回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2
效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值
PSQI-0.215(-0.275~-0.155)0.031-6.998a0.042(0.034~0.050)0.00410.298a
IC
R2值0.0510.069
F值119.779a165.335a
变量模型3
效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值
PSQI-0.126(-0.184~-0.068)0.030-4.234a
IC-2.105(-2.317~-1.893)0.108-19.485a
R2值0.126
F值213.192a
), ArticleFig(id=1311350370404762569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350363823899508, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of regression analysis of sleep quality and intrinsic capacity on instrumental activities of daily living

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2
效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值
PSQI-0.028(-0.037~-0.019)0.005-6.263a0.025(0.018~0.032)0.0046.676a
IC
R2值0.2370.221
F值276.870a253.092a
变量模型3
效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值
PSQI-0.021(-0.030~-0.012)0.004-4.721a
IC-0.298(-0.332~-0.264)0.017-17.224a
R2值0.285
F值295.477a
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睡眠质量和内在能力对工具性日常生活活动能力的回归分析结果

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变量模型1模型2
效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值
PSQI-0.028(-0.037~-0.019)0.005-6.263a0.025(0.018~0.032)0.0046.676a
IC
R2值0.2370.221
F值276.870a253.092a
变量模型3
效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
t值
PSQI-0.021(-0.030~-0.012)0.004-4.721a
IC-0.298(-0.332~-0.264)0.017-17.224a
R2值0.285
F值295.477a
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效应BADLIADL
效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
P值效应量
(%)
效应值
(Boot 95%CI)
Boot
标准误
P值效应量
(%)
总效应-0.215(-0.275~-0.155)0.031<0.001100.00-0.028(-0.037~-0.019)0.005<0.001100.00
直接效应-0.126(-0.185~-0.068)0.030<0.00158.60-0.021(-0.029~-0.012)0.004<0.00171.43
中介效应-0.089(-0.114~-0.066)0.012<0.00141.40-0.008(-0.010~-0.005)0.001<0.00128.57
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内在能力在睡眠质量与日常生活活动能力之间的中介作用分析

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Boot
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效应值
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Boot
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P值效应量
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直接效应-0.126(-0.185~-0.068)0.030<0.00158.60-0.021(-0.029~-0.012)0.004<0.00171.43
中介效应-0.089(-0.114~-0.066)0.012<0.00141.40-0.008(-0.010~-0.005)0.001<0.00128.57
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上海市嘉定区社区老年人内在能力在睡眠质量与日常生活活动能力之间的中介效应分析
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邹作丽 1, 2 , 黄子硕 3 , 于宏杰 4 , 张妍 4 , 徐艺珊 3 , 周戈耀 1, 5 , 李明 1, 2, 6 , 王颖 3
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2026,53(16): 2969-2974
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现代预防医学 |基层卫生服务 2026 , 53 (16) : 2969 -2974
上海市嘉定区社区老年人内在能力在睡眠质量与日常生活活动能力之间的中介效应分析
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邹作丽1, 2, 黄子硕3, 于宏杰4, 张妍4, 徐艺珊3, 周戈耀1, 5, 李明1, 2, 6 , 王颖3
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.上海市浦东新区周浦医院(上海健康医学院附属周浦医院)
  • 3.复旦大学公共卫生学院/国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室(复旦大学)
  • 4.上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心
  • 5贵州医科大学大健康研究院
  • 6.上海市东方医院/同济大学附属东方医院
通讯作者:
李明,E-mail:
作者简介:

邹作丽(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生事业管理与医院管理

Mediating effect of the intrinsic capacity of community-dwelling elderly in Jiading District, Shanghai between sleep quality and activities of daily living
Zuo-li ZOU1, 2, Zi-shuo HUANG3, Hong-jie YU4, Yan ZHANG4, Yi-shan XU3, Ge-yao ZHOU1, 5, Ming LI1, 2, 6 , Ying WANG3
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512457
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目的

分析上海市嘉定区社区老年人睡眠质量与日常生活活动能力(Activities of Daily Living,ADL)的关联,并探讨内在能力(Intrinsic Capacity,IC)的中介作用。

方法

采用多阶段整群随机抽样,对嘉定区4 462名≥60岁社区老年人开展问卷调查。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)、内在能力测评工具、基础性日常生活活动能力(Basic Activities of Daily Living,BADL)以及工具性日常生活活动能力(Instrument Activities of Daily Living,IADL)量表进行评估。利用Pearson相关分析、线性回归模型及Bootstrap法进行统计分析。

结果

BADL和IADL得分分别为(98.12±7.72)、(7.60±1.25),睡眠障碍的检出率为32.52%,IC受损率为83.03%。PSQI得分与BADL/IADL得分呈负相关(BADL:r=-0.13,P<0.01;IADL:r=-0.17,P<0.01),IC得分与BADL/IADL得分亦呈负相关(BADL:r=-0.32,P<0.01;IADL:r=-0.40,P<0.01)。IC在睡眠质量与BADL/IADL关系中起部分中介作用,效应占比分别为41.40%和28.57%。

结论

社区老年人的睡眠质量与ADL密切相关,IC发挥部分中介效应。改善睡眠质量并提升IC,可能有助于延缓功能衰退,促进健康老龄化。

老年人  /  睡眠质量  /  内在能力  /  日常生活活动能力
Objective

To analyze the association between the sleep quality and daily living activity ability (ADL) of community-dwelling elderly in Jiading District, Shanghai, and to explore the mediating role of intrinsic capacity (IC).

Methods

: A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 4 462 community-dwelling elderly aged 60 and above in Jiading District. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), IC assessment tool, Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL), and Instrument Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale were used for evaluation. Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression models, and the Bootstrap method were used for statistical analysis.

Results

: The scores of BADL and IADL were (98.12±7.72) and (7.60±1.25) respectively. The detection rate of sleep disorders was 32.52%, and the impairment rate of IC was 83.03%. The PSQI score was negatively correlated with the BADL/IADL scores (BADL:r=-0.13,P<0.01; IADL:r=-0.17,P<0.01). The IC score was also negatively correlated with the BADL/IADL scores (BADL:r=-0.32,P<0.01; IADL:r=-0.40,P<0.01). IC played a partial mediating role in the relationship between sleep quality and BADL/IADL, with the mediating effect accounting for 41.40% and 28.57% respectively.

Conclusion

: The sleep quality of community-dwelling elderly is closely related to their ADL, and IC plays a partial mediating effect. Improving sleep quality and enhancing IC may help delay functional decline and promote healthy aging.

Older adults  /  Sleep quality  /  Intrinsic capacity  /  Activities of daily living
邹作丽, 黄子硕, 于宏杰, 张妍, 徐艺珊, 周戈耀, 李明, 王颖. 上海市嘉定区社区老年人内在能力在睡眠质量与日常生活活动能力之间的中介效应分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (16) : 2969 -2974 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512457
Zuo-li ZOU, Zi-shuo HUANG, Hong-jie YU, Yan ZHANG, Yi-shan XU, Ge-yao ZHOU, Ming LI, Ying WANG. Mediating effect of the intrinsic capacity of community-dwelling elderly in Jiading District, Shanghai between sleep quality and activities of daily living[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (16) : 2969 -2974 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512457
随着人口老龄化加速,老年人失能负担日益加重。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)统计显示,全球约有13亿人存在不同程度的失能,占总人口的16%,且失能率随年龄呈显著上升趋势[1]。失能是指因年迈、残疾、生病等原因导致的日常生活活动能力(Activities of Daily Living,ADL)丧失或受限[2],不仅降低老年人生活质量,也给家庭与医疗体系带来沉重负担。ADL作为评估失能的核心指标,包括基础性日常生活活动能力(Basic Activities of Daily Living,BADL)和工具性日常生活活动能力(Instrument Activities of Daily Living,IADL)两部分[3]。
睡眠质量是影响老年人功能状态的关键因素。研究表明,随着年龄增长,老年人的睡眠结构普遍发生改变,如深睡眠比例下降、入睡延迟、夜间觉醒增多等,整体睡眠质量呈下降趋势。我国60岁及以上人群睡眠障碍的患病率约为43%[4],已成为老龄人群普遍面临的健康问题。睡眠质量不佳或睡眠时长异常均会增加ADL受限风险[5]。因此,从睡眠角度切入开展功能保护研究,对延缓失能具有重要意义。
2015年,WHO提出“内在能力(Intrinsic Capacity,IC)”概念,强调应从积极老龄化视角关注个体可动用的身体和心理潜能,涵盖认知、运动、活力、感觉及心理5个维度[6]。研究显示,睡眠质量良好者的IC水平较高,睡眠障碍会导致IC多维度受损[7]。与此同时,IC已被证明是影响失能的主要因素,可有效预测功能依赖及不良结局,其下降可显著提高不良事件发生风险。例如,Zhao等[8]强调了IC在预测功能下降中的核心地位。Yu等[9]研究表明,IC每下降1分,ADL残疾风险增加7%。
尽管睡眠质量、IC和ADL均与老年人健康密切相关,但目前研究多聚焦于两两关系[7,10],对三者机制探讨相对不足。基于此,本研究以上海市嘉定区社区老年人为对象,调查睡眠质量与ADL的关系,分析IC的中介作用,以期为社区老年人的功能维护、提升睡眠质量与IC提供科学依据,从预防失能的角度促进健康老龄化。
2024年4月至9月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样,选取上海市嘉定区安亭、华亭、南翔和外冈四个街道(镇)≥60岁常住社区老人进行面对面问卷调查。①纳入标准:抽样社区居住≥6个月的老人;≥60岁;思维清晰,能够与调查员交流;自愿完成调查。②排除标准:存在感染、急性情况(包括急性心力衰竭、急性冠状动脉综合征及急性肺炎等)及严重疾病;经神经科医生诊断的严重认知障碍;处于生命终末期或其他无法完成情况。本研究已获得复旦大学伦理审查委员会批准(IRB#2024-TYSQ-02-369),所有参与者均签署了知情同意书。
本研究采用多阶段整群随机抽样。第一阶段,在上海市嘉定区12个街道(镇)中,按城市化水平、经济结构及地理方位,随机抽取2个城市街道和2个农村镇。第二阶段,根据各抽中街道(镇)老年人口的年龄组和性别构成,确定预期样本量。在每个抽中街道(镇)内,随机抽取1个村(居)委会作为初始抽样单元;若该单元老年人口结构未达样本标准,则通过连续随机增补邻近村(居)委会的方式完成样本容量构建。第三阶段,由入选村(居)委工作人员及楼组长告知并邀请被抽中老人参与调查。样本量计算公式:
其中N为计算出的样本量;α为显著性检验水平,一般取值为0.05;uα/2为正态分布中累积概率等于α/2时的μ值,α=0.05时,uα/2=1.96;δ为容许误差,取值为p值0.1倍;p为检出率估计值,截至2022年末,据(中国老龄委)最新报道数据测算中国60岁及以上社区老人BADL/IADL受损率约为15%[11]。经样本量估算公式计算得到最低样本量为4 354例,考虑无应答及无效问卷,共发放问卷4 578份,剔除不符合纳入标准及结局变量或关键变量缺失的问卷116份,最终获得有效样本4 462份用于分析。
采用自制问卷及标准化量表进行调查,调查内容包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、月收入、吸烟、饮酒、身体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)以及患慢性病数量等。
匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI),总分0~21分,>5分为睡眠障碍,得分越高睡眠质量越差[12]。
参照WHO《初级保健中以人为本的评估和路径指南》评估5个维度:(1)运动:简易体能状况量表(Short Physical Performance Battery,SPPB),总分0~12分,≤8分为受损[13]。(2)认知:简易精神状态量表(Mini-Mental State Exa mination,MMSE),总分0~30分。按教育程度划分受损界值:文盲参与者≤17分,小学教育程度者≤20分,初中及以上教育程度者≤24分[14]。(3)心理:简化版老年抑郁量表(Geriatric Depression Scale-15 items,GDS-15),总分为0~15分。≥8分为受损[15]。(4)活力:简版微型营养评估量表(Mini-Nutritional Assessment-SF,MNA-SF),满分为14分。<12分为受损[16]。(5)感觉:采用自我报告法、WHO简单视力表以及耳语测试对视力和听力进行评估。任一受损即感觉受损[17]。各维度正常计0分,受损计1分,总分为0~5分,分数越高内在能力越差。任一维度受损认定为内在能力受损。
BADL采用Barthel指数(Barthel Index,Bl)进行评估,包含十项基本的自我照料任务,如梳洗、沐浴和如厕等。总分为100分,分数越高越独立[18]。IADL采用Lawton量表评估,包含八项评估更复杂日常任务的项目,如烹饪、购物和打电话等。总分为8分,分数越高越独立[19]。
采用SPSS 26.0进行统计分析。计量资料以表示,计数资料用[n(%)]表示;采用t检验或方差分析比较不同特征老年人ADL得分的差异,检验水准α=0.05;使用Pearson相关分析检验睡眠质量、内在能力与ADL的相关性。在控制协变量后,利用线性回归模型分析睡眠质量与ADL的关联,采用SPSS PROCESS宏的Bootstrap法(抽样5 000次)检验中介效应,计算95%CI。
共纳入4 462名研究对象,其中男性2 114名(47.38%),女性2 348名(52.62%);年龄集中在60~79岁,其中60~69岁占比最大(46.97%);参与者的文化程度以初中为主(42.90%);婚姻状况以在婚居多(84.92%);月收入以2 001~5 000元为主(72.66%);生活习惯方面,从不吸烟(70.55%)和从不饮酒(79.45%)的参与者占多数;健康状况方面,患慢性病数量在2种及以上(44.98%)和BMI分类处于正常体重(42.82%)的参与者所占比例均为最高;存在睡眠障碍的参与者1 451名(32.52%);内在能力正常的参与者757名(16.97%),受损者3 705名(83.03%)。见表1。
使用Pearson相关分析对三者之间的关联进行检验。结果显示,PSQI得分与BADL/IADL得分呈负相关(BADL:r=-0.13,P<0.01;IADL:r=-0.17,P<0.01)。IC得分与BADL/IADL得分呈负相关(BADL:r=-0.32,P<0.01;IADL:r=-0.40,P<0.01)。见表2。
在调整控制变量后,模型1仅纳入睡眠质量作为自变量,模型2在此基础上增加了IC作为中介变量,模型3则同时纳入睡眠质量和IC作为自变量,ADL作为因变量。结果显示,在模型1的基础上加入IC后,模型对ADL的解释力显著提升:BADL的R2从0.051增加到0.126,IADL的R2从0.237增加到0.285。IC在睡眠质量与BADL/IADL之间的中介效应显著(BADL:β=-0.089,95%CI:-0.114~-0.066;IADL:β=-0.008,95%CI:-0.010~-0.005),分别占总效应41.40%和28.57%。见表3~5。
本研究发现,社区老年人PSQI得分与ADL得分呈负相关,即睡眠质量越差者,日常生活功能受限风险越高;IC得分与ADL得分呈负相关;IC在二者关系中发挥部分中介作用。表明睡眠质量不仅直接影响老年人日常功能,还可能通过降低IC间接导致功能受限。
进一步分析显示,社区老年人BADL得分为(98.12±7.72),IADL得分为(7.60±1.25),总体处于较高水平,与国内外研究结果基本一致。如RodríguezGarcía等[20]对国外社区老年人的调查显示,BADL得分为(96.76±6.51),IADL得分为(7.09±1.45);国内研究亦报告[21],BADL得分为(97.9±8.4),IADL得分为(7.3±1.6)。可能原因在于上海嘉定区医疗卫生资源充足,社区健康管理及养老服务体系较为完善,有助于维持老年人功能状态。
睡眠质量及IC与ADL密切相关,与既往研究结论相符[5,7]。睡眠质量下降可通过激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴,导致神经内分泌紊乱及代谢异常,进而影响骨骼肌功能[22];同时,睡眠障碍还可诱发慢性低度炎症反应,并与多种代谢性疾病密切相关,从而推动机体功能衰退[23]。此外,IC下降通常伴随炎症反应增强、能量代谢异常及营养状况恶化等多系统改变,进一步加剧功能衰退[24]。
中介分析结果显示,IC在睡眠质量与BADL/IADL之间发挥部分中介作用,分别解释总效应的41.40%和28.57%。IC作为老年人身体与心理能力的总和,是维持ADL的核心资源[6]。已有研究证明,睡眠不足常伴随认知功能减退及抑郁、焦虑等心理问题,这些变化可削弱IC,进而影响ADL[5]。此外,睡眠-觉醒周期紊乱可通过激活炎症通路影响IC,而炎症是与功能受限相关的主要病理生理机制之一[25]。
本研究存在一定局限性。首先,横断面设计仅能反映变量间的相关性,无法推断因果关系,未来可开展队列研究进一步验证。其次,未纳入生物标志物指标,未能揭示IC影响ADL的具体生理机制,后续研究可结合客观指标深入探讨。
基于本研究发现,社区老年人健康管理应同时关注睡眠质量评估与IC维护。建议定期开展睡眠质量筛查,识别高风险人群;针对IC的具体维度开展综合干预,以缓冲睡眠问题对日常功能的不利影响,延缓功能衰退进程,促进健康老龄化。
  • 复旦-嘉定公共卫生高质量发展重点学科项目(GWGZLXK-2023-02)
  • 上海市浦东新区卫健委研究项目(2025-PWYC-14)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512457
  • 接收时间:2025-12-26
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-26
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复旦-嘉定公共卫生高质量发展重点学科项目(GWGZLXK-2023-02)
上海市浦东新区卫健委研究项目(2025-PWYC-14)
作者信息
    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.上海市浦东新区周浦医院(上海健康医学院附属周浦医院)
    3.复旦大学公共卫生学院/国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室(复旦大学)
    4.上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心
    5贵州医科大学大健康研究院
    6.上海市东方医院/同济大学附属东方医院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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