Article(id=1324050792314962371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512442, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766505600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793607908562, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1778342400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793607908562, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793607908562, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793607908562, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324050669933572771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778342400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793607879384, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670100562, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311644528050975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311644528050976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1632, endPage=1636, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324050793581642180, articleId=1324050792314962371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effect of reporting immunization information by smartphone in border areas of Yunnan Province, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the effect of reporting immunization information by smartphone in border areas.

Methods

A total of five townships in Tengchong City, a border area of Yunnan Province, were randomly selected as project areas. All the village clinics in the project areas changed the previous computer reporting mode and used smartphones to report immunization information. Six months after the implementation of the project, the quality of information reporting and vaccination coverage rate of immunization program were compared before and after the implementation, and the satisfaction of information reporting staff was investigated.

Results

After six months of using smartphones to report immunization information, the complete rate of children’s information reporting increased by 6.26%, the timely rate of vaccine information reporting increased by 74.59%, the complete rate of vaccine information reporting increased by 85.23%, the accuracy rate of vaccine information reports calculated on a per-child basis increased by 22.67%, the overall coverage rate of immunization program vaccines increased by 8.30%, and the vaccination coverage rates of PV4, DT, MCV2, and MenAC2 all increased, with only the HepB2 vaccination coverage rate decreasing. The satisfaction rate of information reporters towards using smartphones to report immunization information was 92.16%.

Conclusion

It is possible to use smartphones to report immunization information in border areas. The use of smartphones to report immunization information in village clinics with small vaccination volumes, lack of wired broadband or computers, and low computer operation skills of personnel, as well as temporary vaccination units and household vaccination, has certain applicability.

, authors=Ping-chang DUAN1, Zu-fen HUANG2, Ai-ping SHAO2, Ling-cui DUAN1, Lin XIE1, Jin-ying YANG1, Xiao-dong GUO1, Can-can ZHANG1, Meng-xue CHEN3, authorsList=Ping-chang DUAN, Zu-fen HUANG, Ai-ping SHAO, Ling-cui DUAN, Lin XIE, Jin-ying YANG, Xiao-dong GUO, Can-can ZHANG, Meng-xue CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ling-cui DUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324050796513460677, articleId=1324050792314962371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=云南省边境地区使用智能手机报告预防接种信息效果研究, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

评估在边境地区使用智能手机报告预防接种信息的效果。

方法

在云南省边境地区腾冲市随机选择5个乡镇作为项目地区,项目地区所辖全部村卫生室改变之前的电脑报告预防接种信息模式,采用智能手机报告预防接种信息。项目实施6个月后,比较实施前后信息报告质量和免疫规划疫苗接种率,并调查信息报告人员满意度。

结果

使用智能手机报告预防接种信息6个月后,儿童信息报告完整率提高6.26%,疫苗信息报告及时率提高74.59%,疫苗信息报告完整率提高85.23%,以儿童为单位统计疫苗信息报告准确率提高22.67%,免疫规划疫苗总接种率提高8.30%,脊髓灰质炎疫菌第4剂、白破疫苗、含麻疹成分疫苗第2剂、A群C群流脑多糖疫苗第2剂接种率都有提高,仅HepB2接种率降低;信息报告人员对使用智能手机报告预防接种信息的满意度为92.16%。

结论

在边境地区使用智能手机报告预防接种信息是可行的;在接种量较小、不具备有线宽带或电脑、人员电脑操作水平低的村卫生室,以及临时接种单位、入户接种时使用智能手机报告预防接种信息具备一定适用性。

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段平常(1987—),男,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:免疫规划及基本公共卫生服务

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段凌翠,E-mail:
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Development and application of patterns of vaccination services in China:a literature review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324050824871150118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=85, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=23, authorNames=段平常, 曹玲生, 余文周, journalName=中国疫苗和免疫, refType=null, unstructuredReference=段平常,曹玲生,余文周,等. 云南省边远山区保山市预防接种单位现况和接种服务模式分析 [J]. 中国疫苗和免疫,2017, 23(1):85-90., articleTitle=云南省边远山区保山市预防接种单位现况和接种服务模式分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324050825001173543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=85, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Duan PC, Cao LS, Yu WZ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Duan PC, Cao LS, Yu WZ, et al. Status of immunization units and immunization service modes in Baoshan city, a remote mountainous area of Yunnan province [J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2017, 23(1): 85-90. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Status of immunization units and immunization service modes in Baoshan city, a remote mountainous area of Yunnan province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324050825408021032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=5, pageStart=501, pageEnd=507, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=25, authorNames=余文周, 李力, 宋祎凡, journalName=中国疫苗和免疫, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余文周,李力,宋祎凡,等. 接续奋斗、勇毅前行,推动中国免疫规划高质量发展 [J]. 中国疫苗和免疫,2024, 30(5):501-507., articleTitle=接续奋斗、勇毅前行,推动中国免疫规划高质量发展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324050825777119785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=5, pageStart=501, pageEnd=507, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Yu WZ, Li L, Song YF, journalName=Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu WZ, Li L, Song YF, et al. Forge ahead with persistent efforts and fortitude to promote high-quality development of the immunization program in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 2024, 30(5): 501-507. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Forge ahead with persistent efforts and fortitude to promote high-quality development of the immunization program in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324050825953280554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=2, pageStart=101, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=国家疾病预防控制局, 国家卫生健康委员会, journalName=中国病毒病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家疾病预防控制局,国家卫生健康委员会. 预防接种工作规范(2023年版) [J]. 中国病毒病杂志,2024, 14(2):101-118., articleTitle=预防接种工作规范(2023年版), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324050826058138155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=2, pageStart=101, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=National Disease Control and Prevention Administration, National Health Commision, journalName=Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Disease Control and Prevention Administration, National Health Commision. National vaccination standards(2023 version) [J]. Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases, 2024, 14(2): 101-118. (In Chinese), articleTitle=National vaccination standards(2023 version), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324050826246881836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=7, pageStart=789, pageEnd=794, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=29, authorNames=叶家楷, 曹雷, 余文周, journalName=实用预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶家楷,曹雷,余文周,等. 2021年中国常规接种单位现况及资源配置分析 [J]. 实用预防医学,2023, 30(7):789-794., articleTitle=2021年中国常规接种单位现况及资源配置分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324050826318185005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=7, pageStart=789, pageEnd=794, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Ye JK, Cao L, Yu WZ, journalName=Practical Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ye JK, Cao L, Yu WZ, et al. Current situation and resource allocation of routine vaccination units in China, 2021 [J]. Practical Preventive Medicine, 2023, 30(7): 789-794. 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Integrity of children’s information report

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查阶段调查
儿童数
完整
儿童数
完整率(%)儿童姓名
录入率(%)
性别录入率(%)出生日期
录入率(%)
母亲姓名
录入率(%)
父亲姓名
录入率(%)
父亲身份证号
录入率(%)
母亲身份证号
录入率(%)
实施前7 121100.1499.78100.00100.0037.6877.250.000.00
实施后7 0194496.4099.87100.00100.0063.0087.328.9310.36
), ArticleFig(id=1324050812812526084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

儿童信息报告完整性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查阶段调查
儿童数
完整
儿童数
完整率(%)儿童姓名
录入率(%)
性别录入率(%)出生日期
录入率(%)
母亲姓名
录入率(%)
父亲姓名
录入率(%)
父亲身份证号
录入率(%)
母亲身份证号
录入率(%)
实施前7 121100.1499.78100.00100.0037.6877.250.000.00
实施后7 0194496.4099.87100.00100.0063.0087.328.9310.36
), ArticleFig(id=1324050812913189381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Integrity of vaccine information report

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查阶段调查剂数录入剂数完整率(%)χ2值P值
总完整性13 033.28<0.001
实施前8 9101 16513.08
实施后8 8168 66798.31
批号13 472.35<0.001
实施前8 9101 16513.08
实施后8 8168 78199.60
生产企业12 862.13<0.001
实施前8 9101 30314.62
实施后8 8168 73399.06
接种部位6 463.85<0.001
实施前8 9103 94344.25
实施后8 8168 71398.83
), ArticleFig(id=1324050812997075462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

疫苗信息报告完整性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查阶段调查剂数录入剂数完整率(%)χ2值P值
总完整性13 033.28<0.001
实施前8 9101 16513.08
实施后8 8168 66798.31
批号13 472.35<0.001
实施前8 9101 16513.08
实施后8 8168 78199.60
生产企业12 862.13<0.001
实施前8 9101 30314.62
实施后8 8168 73399.06
接种部位6 463.85<0.001
实施前8 9103 94344.25
实施后8 8168 71398.83
), ArticleFig(id=1324050813093544455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Accuracy of vaccine information report

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查阶段调查数匹配数准确率(%)χ2值P值
儿童7.80<0.01
实施前753344.00
实施后755066.67
疫苗剂次3.500.061
实施前1 2501 14091.20
实施后42037088.10
), ArticleFig(id=1324050813248733704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

疫苗信息报告准确性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查阶段调查数匹配数准确率(%)χ2值P值
儿童7.80<0.01
实施前753344.00
实施后755066.67
疫苗剂次3.500.061
实施前1 2501 14091.20
实施后42037088.10
), ArticleFig(id=1324050813341008393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Coverage rate of immunization program vaccines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疫苗实施前接种率(%)实施后接种率(%)接种率差值*(%)χ2值P值
HepB294.6086.56-8.0413.45<0.01
HepB360.6365.074.442.180.14
PV186.4989.132.641.160.28
PV290.9193.822.912.150.14
PV386.3088.151.850.610.44
PV432.6851.4118.73104.78<0.01
DTP193.0289.57-3.452.370.12
DTP291.6087.70-3.902.660.10
DTP387.0481.73-5.313.640.06
DTP454.4256.191.770.410.52
DT46.2270.9224.70115.18<0.01
MCV172.1175.643.531.650.20
MCV241.1950.319.1215.78<0.01
MenA189.1890.020.840.140.71
MenA272.1176.194.082.100.15
MenAC152.0556.064.013.010.08
MenAC269.8786.5316.6655.55<0.01
JE-L187.4289.291.870.730.40
JE-L263.3961.75-1.640.400.53
HepA-L185.4181.64-3.772.960.09
总接种率63.4371.738.30187.658<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1324050813441671690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050792314962371, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

免疫规划疫苗接种率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疫苗实施前接种率(%)实施后接种率(%)接种率差值*(%)χ2值P值
HepB294.6086.56-8.0413.45<0.01
HepB360.6365.074.442.180.14
PV186.4989.132.641.160.28
PV290.9193.822.912.150.14
PV386.3088.151.850.610.44
PV432.6851.4118.73104.78<0.01
DTP193.0289.57-3.452.370.12
DTP291.6087.70-3.902.660.10
DTP387.0481.73-5.313.640.06
DTP454.4256.191.770.410.52
DT46.2270.9224.70115.18<0.01
MCV172.1175.643.531.650.20
MCV241.1950.319.1215.78<0.01
MenA189.1890.020.840.140.71
MenA272.1176.194.082.100.15
MenAC152.0556.064.013.010.08
MenAC269.8786.5316.6655.55<0.01
JE-L187.4289.291.870.730.40
JE-L263.3961.75-1.640.400.53
HepA-L185.4181.64-3.772.960.09
总接种率63.4371.738.30187.658<0.01
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云南省边境地区使用智能手机报告预防接种信息效果研究
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段平常 1 , 黄祖芬 2 , 邵爱萍 2 , 段凌翠 1 , 谢琳 1 , 杨谨瑛 1 , 郭晓东 1 , 张灿灿 1 , 陈梦雪 3
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2026,53(9): 1632-1636
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现代预防医学 |基层卫生服务 2026 , 53 (9) : 1632 -1636
云南省边境地区使用智能手机报告预防接种信息效果研究
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段平常(1987—),男,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:免疫规划及基本公共卫生服务

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段平常1, 黄祖芬2, 邵爱萍2, 段凌翠1 , 谢琳1, 杨谨瑛1, 郭晓东1, 张灿灿1, 陈梦雪3
作者信息
  • 1.保山市疾病预防控制中心,云南 保山 678000
  • 2.腾冲市疾病预防控制中心
  • 3.龙陵县疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
段凌翠,E-mail:
作者简介:

段平常(1987—),男,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:免疫规划及基本公共卫生服务

Effect of reporting immunization information by smartphone in border areas of Yunnan Province
Ping-chang DUAN1, Zu-fen HUANG2, Ai-ping SHAO2, Ling-cui DUAN1 , Lin XIE1, Jin-ying YANG1, Xiao-dong GUO1, Can-can ZHANG1, Meng-xue CHEN3
Affiliations
  • Baoshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
出版时间: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512442
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目的

评估在边境地区使用智能手机报告预防接种信息的效果。

方法

在云南省边境地区腾冲市随机选择5个乡镇作为项目地区,项目地区所辖全部村卫生室改变之前的电脑报告预防接种信息模式,采用智能手机报告预防接种信息。项目实施6个月后,比较实施前后信息报告质量和免疫规划疫苗接种率,并调查信息报告人员满意度。

结果

使用智能手机报告预防接种信息6个月后,儿童信息报告完整率提高6.26%,疫苗信息报告及时率提高74.59%,疫苗信息报告完整率提高85.23%,以儿童为单位统计疫苗信息报告准确率提高22.67%,免疫规划疫苗总接种率提高8.30%,脊髓灰质炎疫菌第4剂、白破疫苗、含麻疹成分疫苗第2剂、A群C群流脑多糖疫苗第2剂接种率都有提高,仅HepB2接种率降低;信息报告人员对使用智能手机报告预防接种信息的满意度为92.16%。

结论

在边境地区使用智能手机报告预防接种信息是可行的;在接种量较小、不具备有线宽带或电脑、人员电脑操作水平低的村卫生室,以及临时接种单位、入户接种时使用智能手机报告预防接种信息具备一定适用性。

边境地区  /  智能手机  /  预防接种  /  信息化管理
Objective

To evaluate the effect of reporting immunization information by smartphone in border areas.

Methods

A total of five townships in Tengchong City, a border area of Yunnan Province, were randomly selected as project areas. All the village clinics in the project areas changed the previous computer reporting mode and used smartphones to report immunization information. Six months after the implementation of the project, the quality of information reporting and vaccination coverage rate of immunization program were compared before and after the implementation, and the satisfaction of information reporting staff was investigated.

Results

After six months of using smartphones to report immunization information, the complete rate of children’s information reporting increased by 6.26%, the timely rate of vaccine information reporting increased by 74.59%, the complete rate of vaccine information reporting increased by 85.23%, the accuracy rate of vaccine information reports calculated on a per-child basis increased by 22.67%, the overall coverage rate of immunization program vaccines increased by 8.30%, and the vaccination coverage rates of PV4, DT, MCV2, and MenAC2 all increased, with only the HepB2 vaccination coverage rate decreasing. The satisfaction rate of information reporters towards using smartphones to report immunization information was 92.16%.

Conclusion

It is possible to use smartphones to report immunization information in border areas. The use of smartphones to report immunization information in village clinics with small vaccination volumes, lack of wired broadband or computers, and low computer operation skills of personnel, as well as temporary vaccination units and household vaccination, has certain applicability.

Border areas  /  Smartphone  /  Immunization  /  Informatization management
段平常, 黄祖芬, 邵爱萍, 段凌翠, 谢琳, 杨谨瑛, 郭晓东, 张灿灿, 陈梦雪. 云南省边境地区使用智能手机报告预防接种信息效果研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (9) : 1632 -1636 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512442
Ping-chang DUAN, Zu-fen HUANG, Ai-ping SHAO, Ling-cui DUAN, Lin XIE, Jin-ying YANG, Xiao-dong GUO, Can-can ZHANG, Meng-xue CHEN. Effect of reporting immunization information by smartphone in border areas of Yunnan Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (9) : 1632 -1636 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512442
预防接种是预防传染病最经济、最有效的方式之一[1]。随着网络和信息技术的发展,信息化管理已经成为开展预防接种工作不可或缺的手段[2]。预防接种信息化管理的基础是接种单位向信息系统上报预防接种信息,目前接种单位一般都是使用电脑进行预防接种信息的报告,这对接种单位电脑硬件、网络条件、电力供应及人员电脑操作水平等要求比较高[3],而我国西部部分地区基层接种单位信息化设备较落后、使用年限较久、人员信息化工作能力不足[4],实现预防接种信息的录入报告存在一定难度。
现如今智能手机普及率高,手机应用程序(application,APP)大量开发,手机APP被广泛应用于疾病的预防、控制、管理等方面[5]。使用智能手机通过专门的APP报告预防接种信息理论上可以解决上述问题,但其可行性尚需经过实践验证。为了解边境地区使用智能手机报告预防接种信息的效果,我们在云南省保山市腾冲市开展了相关研究项目,现将情况报告如下。
云南省预防接种信息管理系统,是采用服务器和数据录入终端(电脑或者智能手机)相结合的技术,通过数据录入终端将预防接种信息录入上传至服务器,并实现各终端之间的数据共享[6]。其中电脑端,录入数据须安装预防接种电脑客户端软件,是项目开始前腾冲市的预防接种信息报告模式;智能手机端,录入数据需要在智能手机上安装预防接种手机APP;电脑或者智能手机录入上传至服务器的数据可以通过网页浏览器登陆“云南省免疫规划信息管理平台”(简称信息平台)进行查询、统计。本研究项目在腾冲市开展,腾冲市为云南省保山市下辖县级市,位于中缅边境,国境线长150公里,居住着汉、回、傣、佤、傈僳、阿昌等25个民族[7],辖区预防接种工作由村卫生室负责,项目实施前接种单位全部使用电脑报告预防接种信息。
在腾冲市随机选择5个乡镇,其所辖全部50个疫苗接种单位(村卫生室)由之前的电脑报告预防接种信息,全部改为智能手机报告预防接种信息,项目实施周期为6个月,对项目实施前、后报告预防接种信息的效果进行对比分析。
(1)实施前调查:在项目实施前进行。①儿童信息报告完整性、疫苗信息报告及时性和完整性、免疫规划疫苗接种率调查。调查对象为项目地区居住满3个月、年龄≤6岁的中国籍儿童,由研究者通过信息平台进行统计。②疫苗信息报告准确性调查。每个项目乡镇以乡政府所在地为中心,按东、西、南、北、中5个方向,每个方向抽一个村,每个村随机抽取3名居住满3个月、年龄≤6岁的中国籍儿童,5个项目乡镇合计需调查75名儿童,由调查员收集儿童预防接种证照片,将预防接种证记录疫苗信息与信息平台进行比对,以此评估信息报告准确性。(2)实施后调查:在项目实施6个月后,完成与实施前调查相同的调查内容,并增加信息报告人员满意度调查,调查对象为项目地区接种单位使用智能手机报告预防接种信息的村医,每个单位调查1~2人,由经培训合格的调查员采用统一的调查表至接种单位现场调查,调查表由保山市疾病预防控制中心制定。本研究经保山市疾病预防控制中心伦理审查批准(审批号:BSCDC2023LL003),所有调查对象均自愿参加并签署知情同意书。
(1)儿童信息报告完整,指儿童姓名、性别、出生日期、母亲姓名、父亲姓名、父亲身份证号、母亲身份证号都录入系统。(2)疫苗信息报告及时,指疫苗接种后在5 d内录入系统。(3)疫苗信息报告完整,指疫苗的批号、生产企业、接种部位信息均录入系统。(4)本研究中分析接种率的免疫规划疫苗,包括乙肝疫苗第2~3剂(HepB2-3)、脊髓灰质炎疫苗第1~4剂(PV1-4)、百白破疫苗第1~4剂(DTP1-4)、白破疫苗(DT)、含麻疹成分疫苗第1~2剂(MCV1-2)、A群流脑多糖疫苗第1~2剂(MenA1-2)、A群C群流脑多糖疫苗第1~2剂(MenAC1-2)、乙脑减毒活疫苗第1~2剂(JE-L1-2)和甲肝减毒活疫苗(HepA-L),共20剂。因乙肝疫苗第1剂(HepB1)和卡介苗(BCG)一般出生24 h内在出生医院完成接种,不受儿童居住地接种单位报告信息影响,故不纳入分析。(5)接种率=实种人数/应种人数×100%,以信息平台中“现管理单位”为该地区内接种单位的儿童作为统计对象,应种人数为达到《国家免疫规划疫苗儿童免疫程序及说明(2021年版)》接种起始年龄的儿童数,实种人数为应种人数中实际接种了疫苗的人数。免疫规划疫苗总接种率,为上述20剂免疫规划疫苗的实种数之和除以应种数之和。(6)疫苗信息报告准确,指某剂次疫苗(或某儿童所有剂次疫苗)在接种证和信息平台都有记录,并且接种日期一致,则该剂次(或该儿童)疫苗信息报告准确。
采用Excel 2016软件对数据进行录入与整理,使用SPSS 20.0软件统计对项目实施前后的儿童信息报告完整率、疫苗信息报告及时率、完整率、准确率,以及疫苗接种率和满意度等指标进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05。
实施前、后分别调查7 121和7 019名儿童。儿童信息报告完整率实施前为0.14%、实施后为6.40%,项目实施后较实施前提高6.26%(χ2=440.55,P<0.001)。见表1。
实施前、后分别调查疫苗信息8 910和8 816剂。疫苗信息报告及时率实施前为6.34%(565/8 910)、实施后为80.93%(7 135/8 816),项目实施后疫苗信息报告及时率提高74.59%(χ2=10 034.99,P<0.001)。疫苗信息报告完整率由实施前的13.08%上升到实施后的98.31%,提高85.23%(χ2=13 033.28,P<0.001),实施后疫苗批号、生产企业、接种部位的录入率均达98%以上,较实施前分别提高86.52%、84.44%、54.58%,差异均有统计学意义。见表2。
实施前和实施后各调查75名儿童,这150名儿童均在信息平台有档案记录,信息平台报告率为100%。比对预防接种证与信息平台记录疫苗信息一致性,以儿童为单位统计,项目实施后疫苗信息报告准确率由44.00%提高至66.67%,提高22.67%(χ2=7.80,P<0.01);以疫苗为单位统计,实施后较实施前差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.50,P=0.061)。见表3。
免疫规划疫苗总接种率,实施前为63.43%、实施后为71.73%,提高8.30%(χ2=187.658,P<0.01);分剂看,PV4、DT、MCV2、MenAC2接种率都有提高,提高幅度分别为18.73%、24.69%、9.12%、16.66%,但HepB2接种率降低了8.05%,差异均有统计学意义。其余疫苗接种率实施前、后差异无统计学意义。见表4。
共调查使用智能手机报告预防接种信息的信息报告人员51人,平均年龄(38.4±5.5)岁;男性占37.3%、女性占62.7%;文化程度以大专为主,占66.7%;工作年限10年以上占68.6%;96.08%的人在使用智能手机报告预防接种信息前接受过培训。92.16%(47/51)的信息报告人员对使用智能手机报告预防接种信息表示满意,7.84%(4/51)表示不满意,这4人不满意的原因为“APP偶尔会出现问题”“工作环境手机网络信号不好”,各有2人。对于工作量的影响,82.35%(42/51)的人认为减少了工作量,15.69%(8/51)认为无变化,1.96%(1/51)认为增加了工作量。关于预防接种信息报告方式的使用意愿,5.88%(3/51)的人选择使用电脑报告,60.78%(31/51)选择智能手机报告;33.34%(17/51)选择两种兼用。74.51%的信息报告人员表示愿意将使用智能手机报告预防接种信息的方式推荐给其他未使用过的村医。
及时性、完整性、准确性是分析和评价预防接种信息管理系统信息报告质量的重要指标[8-9],也是免疫规划信息管理工作的重点和难点。本研究对项目实施前、后信息报告质量进行比较,结果显示项目地区儿童信息报告完整率提高6.26%,疫苗信息报告及时率提高74.59%,疫苗信息报告完整率提高85.23%,以儿童为单位统计疫苗信息报告准确率提高22.67%。及时性提高与智能手机便于携带、易于操作有关,使用智能手机报告的医生更容易在接种后及时将信息录入系统;手机APP对录入信息的完整性做了质控设定,信息录入不全无法保存、上传,这对完整性的提升起了巨大的作用,提示电脑客户端软件也应在数据质控方面进行升级完善;准确性提升主要与手机APP简单易学有关,相比于电脑客户端,手机APP的使用学习更容易掌握,因而录入时不易出错。以上情况说明,在项目地区预防接种信息使用智能手机报告比使用电脑报告的信息质量更好。
免疫规划疫苗接种率是反映预防接种工作质量和效果的重要指标[10]。实施前、后调查结果对比发现,项目地区使用智能手机报告预防接种信息后免疫规划疫苗总接种率提高8.30%,PV4、DT、MCV2、MenAC2接种率各有不同程度提升。本研究中接种率是基于信息系统数据统计得出,儿童预防接种信息上传的质量直接影响接种率等的统计分析结果的准确性[11],项目实施后接种率的提升,说明使用智能手机报告预防接种信息提高了信息系统报告率,进而提升了疫苗接种率。
满意度调查显示,信息报告人员对使用智能手机报告预防接种信息的满意度很高,达到92.16%,此外82.35%的人认为减少了工作量、74.51%的人愿意将这种方式推荐给别人,说明信息报告人员是接受这种预防接种信息报告方式的。
综上,使用智能手机报告预防接种信息提高了信息报告质量、提高了免疫规划疫苗总接种率,并且信息报告人员满意度非常高,说明在项目地区智能手机报告方式优于电脑报告方式,所以在边境地区使用智能手机报告预防接种信息是可行的。
与电脑相比,智能手机具有方便携带、操作简单易于学习的特点,并且自身具备联网能力,不需要额外架设宽带,因此报告预防接种信息使用智能手机方式更易于达成。据此估计,使用智能手机报告预防接种信息可能在以下场景具备一定适用性:(1)接种量较小、不具备有线宽带或电脑、人员电脑操作水平低的村卫生室:部分村卫生室资源缺乏、设备差、通信差,乡村医生接受新知识和技术能力不足[12],但村卫生室具有天然的地理可及性优势,由其负责预防接种工作在部分地区是合理且必要的[13],此时使用智能手机报告预防接种信息是一个不错的选择。(2)临时接种单位:国家建议各地创新预防接种服务模式,可在边远地区适时设立临时接种单位,提高疫苗接种服务可及性和便利性[14]。《预防接种工作规范(2023年版)》明确要求设立临时接种单位“应配备能够运行免疫规划信息系统的设备、设施,可以通过计算机或移动终端录入上报预防接种相关信息”[15],对使用智能手机这种移动终端录入上报预防接种相关信息是鼓励的。(3)入户接种:中国疾控中心的研究显示西部高原、山区、气候恶劣等偏远地区仍存在入户接种服务需求[16],入户接种时使用使用智能手机报告预防接种信息是一个较好的解决方案。
  • 保山市科技计划项目(2022zc36)
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2026年第53卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512442
  • 接收时间:2025-12-24
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-24
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保山市科技计划项目(2022zc36)
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    1.保山市疾病预防控制中心,云南 保山 678000
    2.腾冲市疾病预防控制中心
    3.龙陵县疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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