Article(id=1311350121929990769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512340, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766160000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579832775, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579832775, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579832775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579832775, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349919793905738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579784582, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588408144, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311386089701597566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349919793905738, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2278, endPage=2284, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350122391364210, articleId=1311350121929990769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Current situation and influencing factors of delays in seeking medical care and diagnosis among tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years, Gansu, 2019-2022, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the current status and influencing factors of patient delay and diagnosis delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 60 and above in Gansu Province, and to provide a reference for developing targeted tuberculosis prevention and control strategies for the elderly.

Methods

Based on pulmonary tuberculosis case data in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022, descriptive statistical analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the current status and influencing factors of patient delay and diagnosis delay among elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Results

Among 9 934 pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years, 7 143 cases (71.90%) experienced patient delay, and 1 073 cases (10.80%) experienced diagnosis delay. Among patients with delay, 3 278 cases (45.89%) had a patient delay time ≥7 weeks, and 315 cases (29.36%) had a diagnosis delay time ≥7 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that Tibetan ethnic group, Hui ethnic group, retreatment, and bacteriologically positive status were protective factors for patient delay, while Dongxiang ethnic group, manual laborers, retirees/other occupations, initial diagnosis at the municipal level, and presence of symptoms were risk factors for patient delay. Age ≥70 years, manual laborers, retirees/other occupations, and current diagnosis at the municipal level were protective factors for diagnosis delay, while Hui ethnic group and retreatment were risk factors for diagnosis delay.

Conclusion

The current situation of patient delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years in Gansu Province is particularly severe. It is recommended to establish regionally tailored and differentiated prevention and control strategies, while promoting the decentralization of medical services to enable patients to access care closer to their places of residence, thereby reducing patient delay and diagnosis delay.

, authors=Jun-hong CHEN1, Jian-xi ZHAO2, Lan ZHANG3, authorsList=Jun-hong CHEN, Jian-xi ZHAO, Lan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350127323865719, articleId=1311350121929990769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2019—2022年甘肃省≥60岁肺结核患者就诊与诊断延误现状及影响因素分析, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析甘肃省60岁及以上肺结核患者就诊与诊断延误现状及影响因素,为制定老年人肺结核防控策略提供参考依据。

方法

基于2019—2022年甘肃省肺结核病案资料,采用描述性统计分析与多因素logistic回归分析方法,探讨老年肺结核患者的就诊、诊断延误现状及影响因素。

结果

9 934例≥60岁肺结核患者中,发生就诊延误的患者7 143例(71.90%)、诊断延误的患者1 073例(10.80%);延误患者中就诊延误时间≥7周的患者3 278例(45.89%),诊断延误时间≥7周的患者315例(29.36%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:藏族、回族、复治、病原学阳性是就诊延误的保护因素,东乡族、体力劳动者、离退人员等其他职业、首诊断单位为市州级、有症状是就诊延误的危险因素;年龄≥70岁、体力劳动者、离退人员等其他职业、现诊断单位为市州级是诊断延误的保护因素,回族、复治是诊断延误的危险因素。

结论

甘肃省≥60岁肺结核患者就诊延误现状尤为严峻。建议今后建立因地制宜的差异化的防控策略,同时倡导医疗下沉,患者就近享受就医服务,缩短就诊和诊断时差。

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陈俊红(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:结核病防治

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张岚,E-mail:
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陈俊红(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:结核病防治

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Influencing factors for delay in healthcare-seeking, definitive diagnosis, identification in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Minhang District, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350128162726520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350128171115129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, companyId=1311350128162726520, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350128179503738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, companyId=1311350128162726520, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.甘肃中医药大学公共卫生学院,甘肃 兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350128259195515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350128267584124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, companyId=1311350128259195515, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.甘肃省疾病预防控制中心结核病防制科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350128540213885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350128561185406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, companyId=1311350128540213885, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.北京市疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制所)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350140435260059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Distribution of delay time in seeking medical advice and diagnosis among tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022, figureFileSmall=m2B4v8wUevVz/3vI013WUQ==, figureFileBig=EWrBMQIFvEaWHDi3YKRHlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350140703695516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2019—2022年甘肃省≥60岁肺结核患者就诊、诊断延误时间分布, figureFileSmall=m2B4v8wUevVz/3vI013WUQ==, figureFileBig=EWrBMQIFvEaWHDi3YKRHlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350141102154397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Visits and diagnostic delays of tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份患者数(例)就诊情况诊断情况
延误时间[M(P25,P75)d]延误数(例)延误率(%)延误时间[M(P25,P75)d]延误数(例)延误率(%)
20193 08240(27,85)2 20471.5131(20,69)32110.42
20202 70240(26,90)1 95872.4629(19,50)28410.51
20212 38340(29,85)1 71672.0126(19,42)28311.88
20221 76739(28,72)1 26571.5927(18,43)18510.47
合计9 93440(28,84)7 14371.9028(19,49)1 07310.80
), ArticleFig(id=1311350141211206302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2019—2022年甘肃省各年份≥60岁肺结核患者就诊、诊断延误情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份患者数(例)就诊情况诊断情况
延误时间[M(P25,P75)d]延误数(例)延误率(%)延误时间[M(P25,P75)d]延误数(例)延误率(%)
20193 08240(27,85)2 20471.5131(20,69)32110.42
20202 70240(26,90)1 95872.4629(19,50)28410.51
20212 38340(29,85)1 71672.0126(19,42)28311.88
20221 76739(28,72)1 26571.5927(18,43)18510.47
合计9 93440(28,84)7 14371.9028(19,49)1 07310.80
), ArticleFig(id=1311350141567722143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Visits and diagnostic delays of pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 in cities and prefectures of Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区患者(例)就诊情况诊断情况
延误时间[M(P25,P75)d]延误数(例)延误率(%)延误时间[M(P25,P75)d]延误数(例)延误率(%)
兰州市1 14528(20,42)84874.0629(21,45)675.85
嘉峪关市28536(24,65)11941.7518(15,22)196.67
金昌市20137(25,86)10753.2323(18,40)4823.88
白银市92061(32,155)73279.5721(18,36)505.43
天水市59439(29,61)46277.7819(17,38)376.23
武威市1 49460(32,101)1 31087.6827(20,40)231.54
张掖市98140(27,97)55556.5741(20,439)22623.04
平凉市35744(29,87)26473.9524(21,53)185.04
酒泉市1 35431(28,51)85763.2929(19,47)19814.62
庆阳市74164(32,153)60681.7827(18,41)11715.79
定西市85952(29,88)66577.4231(20,59)9811.41
陇南市27051(33,90)16661.4821(16,34)259.26
临夏州61632(21,57)38362.1829(20,44)12520.29
甘南州11737(22,87)6958.9731(21,46)2218.80
合计9 93440(28,84)7 14371.9028(19,49)1 07310.80
), ArticleFig(id=1311350141655802528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2019—2022年甘肃省各市州≥60岁肺结核患者就诊、诊断延误情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区患者(例)就诊情况诊断情况
延误时间[M(P25,P75)d]延误数(例)延误率(%)延误时间[M(P25,P75)d]延误数(例)延误率(%)
兰州市1 14528(20,42)84874.0629(21,45)675.85
嘉峪关市28536(24,65)11941.7518(15,22)196.67
金昌市20137(25,86)10753.2323(18,40)4823.88
白银市92061(32,155)73279.5721(18,36)505.43
天水市59439(29,61)46277.7819(17,38)376.23
武威市1 49460(32,101)1 31087.6827(20,40)231.54
张掖市98140(27,97)55556.5741(20,439)22623.04
平凉市35744(29,87)26473.9524(21,53)185.04
酒泉市1 35431(28,51)85763.2929(19,47)19814.62
庆阳市74164(32,153)60681.7827(18,41)11715.79
定西市85952(29,88)66577.4231(20,59)9811.41
陇南市27051(33,90)16661.4821(16,34)259.26
临夏州61632(21,57)38362.1829(20,44)12520.29
甘南州11737(22,87)6958.9731(21,46)2218.80
合计9 93440(28,84)7 14371.9028(19,49)1 07310.80
), ArticleFig(id=1311350141957792417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate analysis of the rate of medical visits and diagnostic delays among tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征患者(例)就诊延误[例(%)]χ2值P诊断延误[例(%)]χ2值P
性别0.4970.4810.0600.807
男5 2333 747(71.60)569(10.87)
女4 7013 396(72.24)504(10.72)
年龄(岁)0.0030.9999.6650.008
60~694 9373 551(71.93)578(11.71)
70~794 2193 033(71.89)427(10.12)
≥80778559(71.85)68(8.74)
民族25.8300.00134.4430.001
汉族9 3056 707(72.08)963(10.35)
藏族11974(62.18)18(15.13)
回族330215(65.15)62(18.79)
东乡族142121(85.21)26(18.31)
其它少数民族3826(68.42)4(10.53)
职业59.8050.00120.7360.001
体力劳动者18 0205 786(72.14)850(10.60)
家务及待业732446(60.93)114(15.57)
离退人员1 079834(77.29)100(9.27)
其它10377(74.76)9(8.74)
患者来源9.1260.02867.3990.001
主动发现23320(60.61)3(9.09)
直接就诊1 8491 371(74.15)188(10.17)
转诊/推介6 8304 861(71.17)661(9.68)
其它/追踪1 222891(72.91)221(18.09)
治疗分类8.2520.0046.7420.009
初治9 5816 913(72.15)1 020(10.65)
复治353230(65.16)53(15.01)
户籍地址类别2.4450.48518.3720.001
本地人口9 2036 607(71.79)975(10.59)
省间流动4234(80.95)3(7.14)
市间流动227162(71.37)44(19.38)
县间流动462340(73.59)51(11.04)
症状10.6810.0014.5630.033
有1 8881 415(74.95)178(9.43)
无8 0465 728(71.19)895(11.12)
病原学结果6.2130.0133.5780.059
阳性6 4344 573(71.08)667(10.37)
阴性3 5002 570(73.43)406(11.60)
合并症3.9250.0486.1180.013
有2 2501 655(73.56)211(9.38)
无7 6845 488(71.42)862(11.22)
首/现诊断单位级别4.5600.03399.7650.001
县区级5 9914 261(71.12)799(13.32)
市州级3 9432 882(73.09)274(6.96)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350143639708322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2019—2022年甘肃省≥60岁肺结核患者就诊、诊断延误单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征患者(例)就诊延误[例(%)]χ2值P诊断延误[例(%)]χ2值P
性别0.4970.4810.0600.807
男5 2333 747(71.60)569(10.87)
女4 7013 396(72.24)504(10.72)
年龄(岁)0.0030.9999.6650.008
60~694 9373 551(71.93)578(11.71)
70~794 2193 033(71.89)427(10.12)
≥80778559(71.85)68(8.74)
民族25.8300.00134.4430.001
汉族9 3056 707(72.08)963(10.35)
藏族11974(62.18)18(15.13)
回族330215(65.15)62(18.79)
东乡族142121(85.21)26(18.31)
其它少数民族3826(68.42)4(10.53)
职业59.8050.00120.7360.001
体力劳动者18 0205 786(72.14)850(10.60)
家务及待业732446(60.93)114(15.57)
离退人员1 079834(77.29)100(9.27)
其它10377(74.76)9(8.74)
患者来源9.1260.02867.3990.001
主动发现23320(60.61)3(9.09)
直接就诊1 8491 371(74.15)188(10.17)
转诊/推介6 8304 861(71.17)661(9.68)
其它/追踪1 222891(72.91)221(18.09)
治疗分类8.2520.0046.7420.009
初治9 5816 913(72.15)1 020(10.65)
复治353230(65.16)53(15.01)
户籍地址类别2.4450.48518.3720.001
本地人口9 2036 607(71.79)975(10.59)
省间流动4234(80.95)3(7.14)
市间流动227162(71.37)44(19.38)
县间流动462340(73.59)51(11.04)
症状10.6810.0014.5630.033
有1 8881 415(74.95)178(9.43)
无8 0465 728(71.19)895(11.12)
病原学结果6.2130.0133.5780.059
阳性6 4344 573(71.08)667(10.37)
阴性3 5002 570(73.43)406(11.60)
合并症3.9250.0486.1180.013
有2 2501 655(73.56)211(9.38)
无7 6845 488(71.42)862(11.22)
首/现诊断单位级别4.5600.03399.7650.001
县区级5 9914 261(71.12)799(13.32)
市州级3 9432 882(73.09)274(6.96)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350143752954531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Variable assignments in the logistic regression model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称赋值情况
年龄1=60~69岁;2=70~79岁;3=≥80岁
民族1=汉族;2=藏族;3=回族;4=东乡族;5=其它少数民族
职业1=家务及待业;2=体力劳动者;3=离退人员;4=其它
病原学结果1=阴性;2=阳性
治疗分类1=初治;2=复治
患者来源1=主动发现;2=直接就诊;3=推介/转诊;4=追踪/其它
合并症1=无;2=有
症状1=无;2=有
户籍地址类别1=本地人口;2=省间流动;3=市间流动;4=县间流动
现诊断单位级别1=县区级;2=市州级
首诊断单位级别1=县区级;2=市州级
就诊延误0=无延误;1=延误
诊断延误0=无延误;1=延误
), ArticleFig(id=1311350144059138724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Logistic回归模型中变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称赋值情况
年龄1=60~69岁;2=70~79岁;3=≥80岁
民族1=汉族;2=藏族;3=回族;4=东乡族;5=其它少数民族
职业1=家务及待业;2=体力劳动者;3=离退人员;4=其它
病原学结果1=阴性;2=阳性
治疗分类1=初治;2=复治
患者来源1=主动发现;2=直接就诊;3=推介/转诊;4=追踪/其它
合并症1=无;2=有
症状1=无;2=有
户籍地址类别1=本地人口;2=省间流动;3=市间流动;4=县间流动
现诊断单位级别1=县区级;2=市州级
首诊断单位级别1=县区级;2=市州级
就诊延误0=无延误;1=延误
诊断延误0=无延误;1=延误
), ArticleFig(id=1311350144465986213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Multivariable analysis of factors contributing to treatment delay among tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量β值标准误Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
就诊延误民族
汉族(对照)
藏族-0.4940.1926.6290.0100.610(0.419~0.889)
回族-0.2960.1196.1710.0130.744(0.589~0.939)
东乡族0.8540.24112.5560.0012.350(1.465~3.770)
其它少数民族-0.1240.3520.1230.7250.884(0.444~1.760)
治疗分类
初治(对照)
复治-0.2920.1166.3340.0120.747(0.595~0.937)
职业
家务及待业(对照)
体力劳动者0.5850.08448.0260.0011.795(1.521~2.118)
离退人员0.7970.10656.1600.0012.220(1.802~2.735)
其它0.6790.2417.9360.0051.971(1.229~3.161)
首诊断单位级别
县区级(对照)
市州级0.1300.0516.3960.0111.139(1.030~1.260)
病原学结果
阴性(对照)
阳性-0.1010.0484.4910.0340.904(0.823~0.992)
症状
无(对照)
有0.2060.05912.0190.0011.229(1.094~1.380)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350144545677990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2019—2022年甘肃省≥60岁肺结核患者就诊延误多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量β值标准误Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
就诊延误民族
汉族(对照)
藏族-0.4940.1926.6290.0100.610(0.419~0.889)
回族-0.2960.1196.1710.0130.744(0.589~0.939)
东乡族0.8540.24112.5560.0012.350(1.465~3.770)
其它少数民族-0.1240.3520.1230.7250.884(0.444~1.760)
治疗分类
初治(对照)
复治-0.2920.1166.3340.0120.747(0.595~0.937)
职业
家务及待业(对照)
体力劳动者0.5850.08448.0260.0011.795(1.521~2.118)
离退人员0.7970.10656.1600.0012.220(1.802~2.735)
其它0.6790.2417.9360.0051.971(1.229~3.161)
首诊断单位级别
县区级(对照)
市州级0.1300.0516.3960.0111.139(1.030~1.260)
病原学结果
阴性(对照)
阳性-0.1010.0484.4910.0340.904(0.823~0.992)
症状
无(对照)
有0.2060.05912.0190.0011.229(1.094~1.380)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350144621175463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Multivariate analysis of diagnostic delays among tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量β值标准误Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
诊断延误民族
汉族(对照)
藏族0.2300.2620.7680.3811.258(0.753~2.103)
回族0.5180.14912.0990.0011.679(1.254~2.248)
东乡族0.1310.2340.3160.5741.140(0.721~1.802)
其他少数民族-0.2500.5350.2180.6410.779(0.273~2.222)
年龄组(岁)
60~69(对照)
70~79-0.1970.0698.2590.0040.821(0.718~0.939)
≥80-0.3620.1376.9680.0080.696(0.532~0.911)
职业
家务及待业(对照)
体力劳动者-0.9200.11959.2480.0010.399(0.315~0.504)
离退人员-0.6280.15017.4420.0010.534(0.397~0.717)
其他-0.7730.3694.3890.0360.461(0.224~0.951)
现诊断单位级别
县区级(对照)
市州级-0.8830.084109.4500.0010.413(0.350~0.488)
治疗分类
初治(对照)
复治0.4640.1568.8580.0031.590(1.172~2.159)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350144684090024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350121929990769, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

2019—2022年甘肃省≥60岁肺结核患者诊断延误多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量β值标准误Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
诊断延误民族
汉族(对照)
藏族0.2300.2620.7680.3811.258(0.753~2.103)
回族0.5180.14912.0990.0011.679(1.254~2.248)
东乡族0.1310.2340.3160.5741.140(0.721~1.802)
其他少数民族-0.2500.5350.2180.6410.779(0.273~2.222)
年龄组(岁)
60~69(对照)
70~79-0.1970.0698.2590.0040.821(0.718~0.939)
≥80-0.3620.1376.9680.0080.696(0.532~0.911)
职业
家务及待业(对照)
体力劳动者-0.9200.11959.2480.0010.399(0.315~0.504)
离退人员-0.6280.15017.4420.0010.534(0.397~0.717)
其他-0.7730.3694.3890.0360.461(0.224~0.951)
现诊断单位级别
县区级(对照)
市州级-0.8830.084109.4500.0010.413(0.350~0.488)
治疗分类
初治(对照)
复治0.4640.1568.8580.0031.590(1.172~2.159)
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2019—2022年甘肃省≥60岁肺结核患者就诊与诊断延误现状及影响因素分析
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陈俊红 1 , 赵剑喜 2 , 张岚 3
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2026,53(12): 2278-2284
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现代预防医学 |疾病预防控制 2026 , 53 (12) : 2278 -2284
2019—2022年甘肃省≥60岁肺结核患者就诊与诊断延误现状及影响因素分析
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陈俊红(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:结核病防治

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陈俊红(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:结核病防治

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陈俊红1, 赵剑喜2, 张岚3
作者信息
  • 1.甘肃中医药大学公共卫生学院,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 2.甘肃省疾病预防控制中心结核病防制科
  • 3.北京市疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制所
通讯作者:
张岚,E-mail:
作者简介:

陈俊红(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:结核病防治

Current situation and influencing factors of delays in seeking medical care and diagnosis among tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years, Gansu, 2019-2022
Jun-hong CHEN1, Jian-xi ZHAO2, Lan ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512340
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目的

分析甘肃省60岁及以上肺结核患者就诊与诊断延误现状及影响因素,为制定老年人肺结核防控策略提供参考依据。

方法

基于2019—2022年甘肃省肺结核病案资料,采用描述性统计分析与多因素logistic回归分析方法,探讨老年肺结核患者的就诊、诊断延误现状及影响因素。

结果

9 934例≥60岁肺结核患者中,发生就诊延误的患者7 143例(71.90%)、诊断延误的患者1 073例(10.80%);延误患者中就诊延误时间≥7周的患者3 278例(45.89%),诊断延误时间≥7周的患者315例(29.36%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:藏族、回族、复治、病原学阳性是就诊延误的保护因素,东乡族、体力劳动者、离退人员等其他职业、首诊断单位为市州级、有症状是就诊延误的危险因素;年龄≥70岁、体力劳动者、离退人员等其他职业、现诊断单位为市州级是诊断延误的保护因素,回族、复治是诊断延误的危险因素。

结论

甘肃省≥60岁肺结核患者就诊延误现状尤为严峻。建议今后建立因地制宜的差异化的防控策略,同时倡导医疗下沉,患者就近享受就医服务,缩短就诊和诊断时差。

肺结核  /  老年人  /  就诊延误  /  诊断延误  /  影响因素
Objective

To analyze the current status and influencing factors of patient delay and diagnosis delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 60 and above in Gansu Province, and to provide a reference for developing targeted tuberculosis prevention and control strategies for the elderly.

Methods

Based on pulmonary tuberculosis case data in Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022, descriptive statistical analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the current status and influencing factors of patient delay and diagnosis delay among elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Results

Among 9 934 pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years, 7 143 cases (71.90%) experienced patient delay, and 1 073 cases (10.80%) experienced diagnosis delay. Among patients with delay, 3 278 cases (45.89%) had a patient delay time ≥7 weeks, and 315 cases (29.36%) had a diagnosis delay time ≥7 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that Tibetan ethnic group, Hui ethnic group, retreatment, and bacteriologically positive status were protective factors for patient delay, while Dongxiang ethnic group, manual laborers, retirees/other occupations, initial diagnosis at the municipal level, and presence of symptoms were risk factors for patient delay. Age ≥70 years, manual laborers, retirees/other occupations, and current diagnosis at the municipal level were protective factors for diagnosis delay, while Hui ethnic group and retreatment were risk factors for diagnosis delay.

Conclusion

The current situation of patient delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years in Gansu Province is particularly severe. It is recommended to establish regionally tailored and differentiated prevention and control strategies, while promoting the decentralization of medical services to enable patients to access care closer to their places of residence, thereby reducing patient delay and diagnosis delay.

Tuberculosis  /  Elderly  /  Health-care seeking delay  /  Diagnostic delay  /  Influencing factors
陈俊红, 赵剑喜, 张岚. 2019—2022年甘肃省≥60岁肺结核患者就诊与诊断延误现状及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2278 -2284 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512340
Jun-hong CHEN, Jian-xi ZHAO, Lan ZHANG. Current situation and influencing factors of delays in seeking medical care and diagnosis among tuberculosis patients aged ≥60 years, Gansu, 2019-2022[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (12) : 2278 -2284 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512340
报告显示,2023年中国结核病负担位列30个高负担国家中第三位,仅次于印度和印度尼西亚[1]。我国近年结核病整体疾病负担依旧较重[2],老年人作为结核病的高危人群呈现出患病率高、死亡率高、治愈率低的特点[3-4],老年肺结核患者比非老年患者就诊所需时间更长[5]、诊断难度更大[6],从而加剧延误风险。人口普查结果显示,2020年中国60岁及以上老年人口2.64亿,占比为18.7%[7]。另外甘肃省老龄化发展速度居于全国前列[8],随着人口老龄化程度的加剧,老年肺结核负担会加重[9],老年肺结核防治工作将面临更多挑战。甘肃省老年人群肺结核疫情依旧严峻[10],且就诊与诊断延误问题突出[11],因此在老龄化不断加重的背景下深入探究甘肃省老年肺结核患者的延误现状尤为迫切。本研究通过分析2019—2022年甘肃省≥60岁肺结核患者就诊、诊断延误现状,并明确其风险因素,为制定区域化精准防控策略提供参考依据。
从《全民健康保障信息化工程疾病预防控制信息系统—传染病监测系统》导出2019年至2022年甘肃省的肺结核病案信息并整理后进行统计学分析。共导出结核病普通病案23 463例,其中≥60岁患者10 203例,剔除非结核分枝杆菌病、肺外结核、就诊与诊断时间不合理(本次首诊日期早于本次症状出现日期、本次确诊日期早于本次首诊日期)的病案信息共269例,共计9 934例≥60岁患者纳入研究。甘肃省人口学资料来自“中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统”。
就诊时间:患者从出现临床症状至首次到医疗机构就诊的时间间隔,超过14天(d)则为就诊延误;诊断时间:患者从首次就诊至被确诊为肺结核的时间间隔,超过14天(d)则为诊断延误[12-13]。本研究中病原学阳性包括涂片阳性、培养阳性、分子生物学阳性和病理学阳性。
运用Excel 2016、SPSS 25.0软件进行数据整理和统计分析。采用描述性统计方法对研究对象的基本信息、就诊延误、诊断延误水平进行分析,计量资料呈偏态分布时用“中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]”描述,计数资料用率或构成比描述;采用单因素χ2检验及多因素logistic回归分析患者的相关特征因素与就诊、诊断延误之间的关系。检验水准α=0.05。
就诊、诊断延误患者分别为7 143例(71.90%)、1 073例(10.80%),各年份延误率均无统计学差异(P>0.05);就诊、诊断延误时间中位数(四分位数)分别为40(28,84) d、28(19,49) d。见表1。
对发生就诊和诊断延误患者的延误时间作进一步解析,就诊延误时间为3~4周、5~6周、≥7周的患者分别占27.71%、26.40%、45.89%。诊断延误时间为3~4周、5~6周、≥7周的患者分别占52.94%、17.70%、29.36%。见图1。
各市州患者的就诊延误率、诊断延误率存在统计学差异(χ2=645.434,P<0.001;χ2=508.464,P<0.001)。就诊延误率较高的地区为武威市(87.70%)、庆阳市(81.78%),诊断延误率较高的地区为金昌市(23.88%)、张掖市(23.04%)。见表2。
民族、职业、患者来源、治疗分类、有无症状、病原学结果、有无合并症、首诊断单位级别的就诊延误率存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。见表3。
将就诊、诊断延误作为因变量,单因素分析中具有统计学意义的因素作为自变量(各变量赋值情况见表4)进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示:藏族(OR=0.610)、回族(OR=0.744)、复治(OR=0.747)、病原学阳性(OR=0.904)是就诊延误的保护因素,东乡族(OR=2.350)、体力劳动者(OR=1.795)、离退人员(OR=2.220)、其他职业(OR=1.971)、市州级(OR=1.139)、有症状(OR=1.229)是就诊延误的危险因素。70~79岁(OR=0.821)、≥80岁(OR=0.696)、体力劳动者(OR=0.399)、离退人员(OR=0.534)、其他职业(OR=0.461)、市州级(OR=0.413)是诊断延误的保护因素,回族(OR=1.679)、复治(OR=1.590)是诊断延误的危险因素。见表5、6。
本研究显示≥60岁患者就诊与诊断延误形势严峻,并呈现明显地区差异,就诊延误率(71.90%)显著高于浙江(61.6%)、天津(56%)等经济发达地区[14-15]。武威市就诊延误率高达87.68%,但诊断延误率为全省最低(1.61%);而金昌、临夏、张掖等地虽就诊延误率较低(53.23%~62.18%),诊断延误风险却较为突出(20.29%~23.88%),反映出显著地域差异。临夏州等地区诊断延误风险高,与当地医疗资源不足、疾病负担重有关[10,16]。就诊延误患者中延误时间≥7周的占近一半,诊断延误患者中该比例为三分之一。因此,应建立差异化防控策略:针对武威、庆阳等就诊延误高发区,应加强结核病健康宣教和基层人员识别能力培训;针对金昌、临夏等诊断延误高发区,亟需配置分子生物学快速检测设备并开展规范培训,提升检测水平。
其他研究显示,少数民族是就诊与诊断延误的影响因素[17-18]。本研究中,东乡族患者就诊延误风险为汉族患者的2.35倍(95%CI: 1.465~3.770),可能与东乡族自治县贫困发生率(32%)高于全省均值15个百分点有关[19],经济条件差导致医疗可及性低,此外语言文化差异也可能阻碍患者及时就医[20]。回族老年肺结核患者诊断延误率较高(18.79%),就诊延误率较低(65.15%),可能与其聚居区医疗资源配置不足、诊断水平有限有关[16],患者无法获得及时准确诊断,不仅加重病情和经济负担[21],也增加家庭与社区传播风险。因此,应对少数民族地区实施区域化、差异化防控策略。此外,汉族人口占比达93.67%,其就诊延误风险高于藏族、回族,提示针对该人群的结核病健康宣教不可忽视。
本研究显示有症状是就诊延误的危险因素,与庞学文[15]、徐松艳[22]等研究结果一致。肺结核患者多表现为咳嗽、咳痰等与感冒相似的呼吸道症状,加之结核病防治知识知晓率较低[23],更倾向于前往诊所或乡镇卫生院就诊或自行服药,主动就医意愿不强,从而延长就医时间。本研究中,病原学阳性与复治患者为就诊延误的保护因素,可能与前者症状较为明显且严重、出现后能及时就医,后者有治疗经历、对疾病重视程度更高有关。
本研究中,离退人员多为高龄老人,因活动能力下降、就医主动性不足及担心给家属增添负担等心理因素,易导致就诊延误。与余爱平的研究相似[24],体力劳动者因受教育程度较低、健康意识薄弱,就医积极性受限,亦易发生就诊延误。尽管这两类人群就诊延误风险较高,但其诊断延误风险却较低,因此应通过强化健康宣教、推动医疗资源下沉社区等方式,促进其及时就医。80岁及以上老年患者发生诊断延误的风险低于低龄老人,可能与高龄者行动不便、出现症状后常由家属直接送往省市级高水平医疗机构有关,从而获得及时诊断。复治患者因耐药或合并其他疾病,病因复杂,诊断难度增加,部分需转诊进一步明确诊断,诊断时间延长,延误风险上升,这与已有研究结果一致[25]。
本研究显示,现诊断单位为市州级的患者诊断延误水平更低(OR=0.413),提示县区级医疗机构诊断能力相对有限,易因误诊、漏诊延长诊断时间,需提升基层检测水平并加强医务人员结核病识别能力。首诊于市州级医疗机构的患者就诊延误风险增加13.9%(OR=1.139)。反映出患者前往市州级医疗机构就医时间更长,可能是因为距离市区医院远、交通不便导致患者延误病情直到病重才去市区医院进行诊治,另一方面还可能与县区级定点医疗卫生机构首诊制度实施不到位有关[26]。
本研究未能获取患者个人生活习惯、家庭经济状况及医疗机构诊疗水平等详细信息,限制了对就诊与诊断延误风险因素的深入分析。后续可通过问卷或访谈等方式开展专题研究,进一步从个体与社会层面探讨相关因素。
综上,≥60岁肺结核患者的延误受多重因素影响,其中就诊延误问题尤为突出。应加强针对该人群的健康教育与主动筛查,提升其疾病预防意识及及时就医行为。同时加大对重点地区的政策与资源倾斜,提升基层尤其是少数民族地区定点医疗机构的诊断能力,有效降低就诊与诊断延误风险。

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2026年第53卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512340
  • 接收时间:2025-12-20
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-20
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    1.甘肃中医药大学公共卫生学院,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.甘肃省疾病预防控制中心结核病防制科
    3.北京市疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制所

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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