Article(id=1311350047825031541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512275, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765814400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579815106, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579815106, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579815106, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579815106, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349984730116963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579800064, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588348354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385838924169506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385838924169507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2606, endPage=2612, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350049582444918, articleId=1311350047825031541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Constructing a framework for social work service content in elderly palliative care based on the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To construct a framework for social work services in elderly palliative care, providing a scientific basis for enhancing the professionalism and effectiveness of social work in palliative care.

Methods

A preliminary framework for service content was developed through literature analysis and field research. The Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used to determine the weights of the indicators and conduct analysis.

Results

A total of 11 experts were consulted, with an average working experience of (20.82±11.09) years, and 7 (63.64%) held deputy senior titles or above. The response rate of valid questionnaires in both rounds of consultation was 100%, with an expert authority coefficient of 0.932 and Kendall’s coefficients of concordance (W) of 0.150 and 0.166, respectively. The final framework for service content includes 3 first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators, and 41 third-level indicators. At the first-level indicator level, the comprehensive weight of services for patients and their families is the highest, reaching 0.731. At the second-level indicator level, the comprehensive weight of psychological-social intervention is the highest, reaching 0.243. At the third-level indicator level, the comprehensive weight of psychological-emotional adjustment and crisis intervention services for patients and their families is the highest, reaching 0.085.

Conclusion

This study has constructed a framework for social work services in elderly palliative care, providing a standardized theoretical tool for clarifying professional roles, standardizing service practices, and promoting multidisciplinary collaboration. Future research should further verify its application effect and promotion value through large-sample practical studies.

, authors=Dan LI, Wei LIU, authorsList=Dan LI, Wei LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350050547134845, articleId=1311350047825031541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于德尔菲法和层次分析法的老年安宁疗护社会工作服务内容框架构建研究, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

构建老年安宁疗护社会工作服务内容框架,为提升安宁疗护社会工作的专业性和有效性提供科学依据。

方法

采用文献分析法和实地调研法初步构建服务内容框架,运用德尔菲法和层次分析法确定指标权重并进行分析。

结果

共函询11名专家,平均工作年限为(20.82±11.09)年,副高及以上职称7人(63.64%)。两轮函询有效问卷回收率均为100%,专家权威系数为0.932,协调系数分别为0.150和0.166。最终服务内容框架包括3个一级指标、12个二级指标、41个三级指标。其中一级指标层面,面向患者及家庭的服务综合权重最高,达到0.731;二级指标层面,心理—社会干预综合权重最高,达到0.243;三级指标层面,协助患者及家属开展的心理情绪调适及危机干预服务综合权重最高,达到0.085。

结论

本研究构建了老年安宁疗护社会工作服务内容框架,为明晰专业角色、规范服务实践及推动多学科协作提供了标准化理论工具。未来仍需通过大样本实践研究进一步验证其应用效果与推广价值。

, authors=李丹, 刘炜, authorsList=李丹, 刘炜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘炜, authorNote=

李丹和刘炜为共同第一作者。

李丹(1969—),女,博士,教授,研究方向:老年安宁疗护;

刘炜(1999—),男,博士在读,研究方向:老年安宁疗护

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刘炜,E-mail:
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Chinese Nursing Research, 2021, 35(16): 2884-2888.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Construction a diet control compliance scale for patients with hyperuricemia and gout based on the Delphi method, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350054644969888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, awardId=2023YFC3605900, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3605900), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311350054716273057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, awardId=2025自研-公管13, language=CN, fundingSource=四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2025自研-公管13), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311350054766604706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, awardId=MY2025ZX458, language=CN, fundingSource=四川天府老龄产业发展研究中心课题(MY2025ZX458), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350050777821566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350050786210175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, companyId=1311350050777821566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350050794598784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, companyId=1311350050777821566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川大学 公共管理学院,四川 成都 610065)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350051918672275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Service dimensions of social work in elderly palliative care based on the social-ecological systems theory, figureFileSmall=qBBsBcdDe6NcW4S9E0SSow==, figureFileBig=HVrTyDeKvgZxa3w1GeiXXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350051998364052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于社会生态系统理论的老年安宁疗护社会工作服务维度, figureFileSmall=qBBsBcdDe6NcW4S9E0SSow==, figureFileBig=HVrTyDeKvgZxa3w1GeiXXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350052195496341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Degree of expert consensus across two rounds of the delphi method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
轮次Kendall Wχ2νP
第一轮0.15062.64238<0.01
第二轮0.16676.86842<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1311350052283576726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

德尔菲法两轮专家意见协调程度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
轮次Kendall Wχ2νP
第一轮0.15062.64238<0.01
第二轮0.16676.86842<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1311350053978075544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detailed results of the two-round delphi expert consultation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
轮次初始条目数保留条目数新增条目数删除条目数修改条目数变异系数满分率
(%)
第一轮39376270.00~0.3027.27~100
第二轮43410220.06~0.219.09~100
), ArticleFig(id=1311350054066155929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

德尔菲法两轮专家咨询详细结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
轮次初始条目数保留条目数新增条目数删除条目数修改条目数变异系数满分率
(%)
第一轮39376270.00~0.3027.27~100
第二轮43410220.06~0.219.09~100
), ArticleFig(id=1311350054129070490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Consistency check results of the AHP judgment matrices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
判断矩阵层次λ maxCIRICR
一级指标3.0380.0190.5240.037
二级指标-患者及家庭6.1510.0301.2490.024
二级指标-医疗机构3.0090.0050.5240.005
二级指标-社会3.0090.0050.5240.005
三级指标-心理-社会评估3.0090.0050.5240.005
三级指标-心理-社会干预5.3920.0981.1180.088
三级指标-社会资源整合4.0080.0030.8930.003
三级指标-入户探访4.0820.0270.8930.031
三级指标-跟踪服务4.1160.0390.8930.043
三级指标-善后服务2.0000.0000.0000.000
三级指标-医患关系调适3.0090.0050.5240.005
三级指标-志愿者管理7.2910.0481.3450.037
三级指标-医护人员支持2.0000.0000.0000.000
三级指标-社区健康服务3.0090.0050.5240.005
三级指标-社会倡导3.0090.0050.5240.005
), ArticleFig(id=1311350054212956571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

层次分析法判断矩阵一致性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
判断矩阵层次λ maxCIRICR
一级指标3.0380.0190.5240.037
二级指标-患者及家庭6.1510.0301.2490.024
二级指标-医疗机构3.0090.0050.5240.005
二级指标-社会3.0090.0050.5240.005
三级指标-心理-社会评估3.0090.0050.5240.005
三级指标-心理-社会干预5.3920.0981.1180.088
三级指标-社会资源整合4.0080.0030.8930.003
三级指标-入户探访4.0820.0270.8930.031
三级指标-跟踪服务4.1160.0390.8930.043
三级指标-善后服务2.0000.0000.0000.000
三级指标-医患关系调适3.0090.0050.5240.005
三级指标-志愿者管理7.2910.0481.3450.037
三级指标-医护人员支持2.0000.0000.0000.000
三级指标-社区健康服务3.0090.0050.5240.005
三级指标-社会倡导3.0090.0050.5240.005
), ArticleFig(id=1311350054292648348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results and weights of primary and secondary indicators from the second round of expert consultation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标二级指标重要性评分
(分,)
满分率
(%)
变异系数综合权重
面向患者及家庭的服务(0.731)1.1 心理-社会评估4.82±0.2381.820.0480.129
1.2 心理-社会干预4.58±0.2061.820.0430.243
1.3 社会资源整合4.69±0.2768.180.0570.066
1.4 入户探访4.59±0.3165.910.0660.129
1.5 跟踪服务4.75±0.2579.550.0530.129
1.6 善后服务4.64±0.3663.640.0780.034
面向医疗机构的服务(0.188)2.1 医患关系调适4.55±0.3863.640.0830.056
2.2 志愿者管理4.57±0.2868.830.0610.102
2.3 对医护人员的支持和赋能4.50±0.4854.550.1060.031
面向社会的服务(0.081)3.1 社区健康服务4.46±0.3648.480.0810.024
3.2 社会倡导4.73±0.2772.730.0570.044
3.3 生命教育4.73±0.6581.820.140.013
), ArticleFig(id=1311350054363951517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

一、二级指标专家咨询结果及权重(第2轮)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标二级指标重要性评分
(分,)
满分率
(%)
变异系数综合权重
面向患者及家庭的服务(0.731)1.1 心理-社会评估4.82±0.2381.820.0480.129
1.2 心理-社会干预4.58±0.2061.820.0430.243
1.3 社会资源整合4.69±0.2768.180.0570.066
1.4 入户探访4.59±0.3165.910.0660.129
1.5 跟踪服务4.75±0.2579.550.0530.129
1.6 善后服务4.64±0.3663.640.0780.034
面向医疗机构的服务(0.188)2.1 医患关系调适4.55±0.3863.640.0830.056
2.2 志愿者管理4.57±0.2868.830.0610.102
2.3 对医护人员的支持和赋能4.50±0.4854.550.1060.031
面向社会的服务(0.081)3.1 社区健康服务4.46±0.3648.480.0810.024
3.2 社会倡导4.73±0.2772.730.0570.044
3.3 生命教育4.73±0.6581.820.140.013
), ArticleFig(id=1311350054426866078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results and weights of tertiary indicators from the second round of expert consultation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
三级指标重要性评分
(分,)
变异系数满分率
(%)
综合权重
1.1.1 个人与家庭经济状况、社会关系、认知共识等评估4.82±0.410.0881.820.021
1.1.2 心理-社会需求评估4.91±0.300.0690.910.070
1.1.3 心理-社会风险评估4.73±0.470.1072.730.038
1.2.1 协助患者及家属处理因重慢病引起的心理情绪问题,促进疾病适应性和诊疗配合度4.91±0.300.0690.910.085
1.2.2 协助患者及家属处理因重慢病引起的家庭和社会问题,修复社会支持网络4.91±0.300.0690.910.048
1.2.3 协助处理患者的出入院、转院安排4.27±0.650.1536.360.017
1.2.4 为因疾病及治疗面临危机情境的患者及其家庭提供危机干预服务4.82±0.410.0881.820.085
1.2.5 开展其他社会事务服务4.00±0.450.119.090.009
1.3.1 梳理编制安宁疗护相关社会政策、心理教育及社会支持资源等信息清单,明确相应的获取渠道4.55±0.520.1145.450.023
1.3.2 链接和整合公益组织、基金会等社会慈善资源,帮助经济困难患者完成医疗救助申请4.73±0.470.1072.730.023
1.3.3 链接社会公益项目,改善医院人文环境4.73±0.650.1481.820.008
1.3.4 配合转介安置,协调转介机构、家庭及社区资源链接4.73±0.470.1072.730.012
1.4.1 实地考察患者的居家情况,更准确地判断患者及家庭的身心负担,需要哪些外部资源和支持,并提供政策类、心理教育类信息服务4.55±0.690.1563.640.026
1.4.2 通过面对面交流与观察,识别判断患者及家属面对死亡所呈现的心理负担,并给予心理疏导4.82±0.410.0881.820.046
1.4.3 巩固与患者及家庭的信任关系,有助于后续支持和干预工作的开展4.73±0.470.1072.730.046
1.4.4 多学科团队协同配合上门服务4.27±0.790.1845.450.011
1.5.1 详细记录患者的健康状况、治疗计划、心理社会评估结果并建立服务档案4.82±0.410.0881.820.016
1.5.2 通过电话、微信等形式,定期与患者及家属进行联系和沟通,动态评估患者的健康状况和心理状态,及时调整服务策略和干预措施4.82±0.410.0881.820.052
1.5.3 在患者病情变化或面临重大决策时,及时提供心理支持和信息咨询,减轻家庭的照护负担4.73±0.470.1081.820.052
1.5.4 开展家庭环境安全和家庭照护计划服务4.64±0.670.1572.730.008
1.6.1 需要时,为家属提供有关殡葬政策、法规和流程等信息服务4.64±0.510.1163.640.008
1.6.2 需要时,开展家属哀伤辅导4.64±0.510.1163.640.025
2.1.1 促进医患有效沟通和医疗信息传递4.73±0.470.1072.730.030
2.1.2 参与安宁疗护诊疗团队4.27±0.790.1845.450.009
2.1.3 推动实施以患者中心的服务理念4.64±0.670.1572.730.017
2.2.1 对志愿者应进行心理社会评估,优先招募具有医疗、心理、社工背景及高度同情心的志愿者4.45±0.690.1554.550.012
2.2.2 培训志愿者关于老年安宁疗护的基本知识、沟通技巧及应对突发情况的能力4.73±0.650.1481.820.023
2.2.3 协助制定明确的岗位职责和工作流程,确保志愿者在服务过程中有章可循4.82±0.410.0881.820.008
2.2.4 根据志愿者的服务经历和文化背景,协助选择适宜的服务对象,以保证服务质量4.55±0.820.1872.730.006
2.2.5 定期组织志愿者工作会议,评估其服务表现并提供反馈,确保服务质量4.45±0.820.1863.640.017
2.2.6 通过现场观察和个别指导,帮助志愿者提升服务技能和应对复杂情况的能力4.45±0.930.2163.640.008
2.2.7 通过心理支持和情感疏导,缓解志愿者在服务过程中可能面临的压力和情绪困扰4.55±0.690.1563.640.027
2.3.1 需要时,对医护人员进行心理支持和辅导4.36±0.810.1945.450.010
2.3.2 协助医护人员对患者和家属进行心理支持和必要的解释,确保患者和家属理解并遵循治疗方案4.64±0.510.1163.640.021
3.1.1 协助开展社区健康教育与筛查4.27±0.650.1527.270.013
3.1.2 社区资源整合与支持4.55±0.520.1154.550.007
3.1.3 社区健康宣传与倡导4.55±0.690.1563.640.004
3.2.1 推动安宁疗护政策支持4.82±0.410.0881.820.024
3.2.2 提升安宁疗护公众意识4.64±0.510.1163.640.013
3.2.3 动员安宁疗护社区参与4.73±0.470.1072.730.007
3.3.1 开展社区生命教育活动4.73±0.650.1481.820.013
), ArticleFig(id=1311350054523335071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350047825031541, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

三级指标专家咨询结果及权重(第2轮)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
三级指标重要性评分
(分,)
变异系数满分率
(%)
综合权重
1.1.1 个人与家庭经济状况、社会关系、认知共识等评估4.82±0.410.0881.820.021
1.1.2 心理-社会需求评估4.91±0.300.0690.910.070
1.1.3 心理-社会风险评估4.73±0.470.1072.730.038
1.2.1 协助患者及家属处理因重慢病引起的心理情绪问题,促进疾病适应性和诊疗配合度4.91±0.300.0690.910.085
1.2.2 协助患者及家属处理因重慢病引起的家庭和社会问题,修复社会支持网络4.91±0.300.0690.910.048
1.2.3 协助处理患者的出入院、转院安排4.27±0.650.1536.360.017
1.2.4 为因疾病及治疗面临危机情境的患者及其家庭提供危机干预服务4.82±0.410.0881.820.085
1.2.5 开展其他社会事务服务4.00±0.450.119.090.009
1.3.1 梳理编制安宁疗护相关社会政策、心理教育及社会支持资源等信息清单,明确相应的获取渠道4.55±0.520.1145.450.023
1.3.2 链接和整合公益组织、基金会等社会慈善资源,帮助经济困难患者完成医疗救助申请4.73±0.470.1072.730.023
1.3.3 链接社会公益项目,改善医院人文环境4.73±0.650.1481.820.008
1.3.4 配合转介安置,协调转介机构、家庭及社区资源链接4.73±0.470.1072.730.012
1.4.1 实地考察患者的居家情况,更准确地判断患者及家庭的身心负担,需要哪些外部资源和支持,并提供政策类、心理教育类信息服务4.55±0.690.1563.640.026
1.4.2 通过面对面交流与观察,识别判断患者及家属面对死亡所呈现的心理负担,并给予心理疏导4.82±0.410.0881.820.046
1.4.3 巩固与患者及家庭的信任关系,有助于后续支持和干预工作的开展4.73±0.470.1072.730.046
1.4.4 多学科团队协同配合上门服务4.27±0.790.1845.450.011
1.5.1 详细记录患者的健康状况、治疗计划、心理社会评估结果并建立服务档案4.82±0.410.0881.820.016
1.5.2 通过电话、微信等形式,定期与患者及家属进行联系和沟通,动态评估患者的健康状况和心理状态,及时调整服务策略和干预措施4.82±0.410.0881.820.052
1.5.3 在患者病情变化或面临重大决策时,及时提供心理支持和信息咨询,减轻家庭的照护负担4.73±0.470.1081.820.052
1.5.4 开展家庭环境安全和家庭照护计划服务4.64±0.670.1572.730.008
1.6.1 需要时,为家属提供有关殡葬政策、法规和流程等信息服务4.64±0.510.1163.640.008
1.6.2 需要时,开展家属哀伤辅导4.64±0.510.1163.640.025
2.1.1 促进医患有效沟通和医疗信息传递4.73±0.470.1072.730.030
2.1.2 参与安宁疗护诊疗团队4.27±0.790.1845.450.009
2.1.3 推动实施以患者中心的服务理念4.64±0.670.1572.730.017
2.2.1 对志愿者应进行心理社会评估,优先招募具有医疗、心理、社工背景及高度同情心的志愿者4.45±0.690.1554.550.012
2.2.2 培训志愿者关于老年安宁疗护的基本知识、沟通技巧及应对突发情况的能力4.73±0.650.1481.820.023
2.2.3 协助制定明确的岗位职责和工作流程,确保志愿者在服务过程中有章可循4.82±0.410.0881.820.008
2.2.4 根据志愿者的服务经历和文化背景,协助选择适宜的服务对象,以保证服务质量4.55±0.820.1872.730.006
2.2.5 定期组织志愿者工作会议,评估其服务表现并提供反馈,确保服务质量4.45±0.820.1863.640.017
2.2.6 通过现场观察和个别指导,帮助志愿者提升服务技能和应对复杂情况的能力4.45±0.930.2163.640.008
2.2.7 通过心理支持和情感疏导,缓解志愿者在服务过程中可能面临的压力和情绪困扰4.55±0.690.1563.640.027
2.3.1 需要时,对医护人员进行心理支持和辅导4.36±0.810.1945.450.010
2.3.2 协助医护人员对患者和家属进行心理支持和必要的解释,确保患者和家属理解并遵循治疗方案4.64±0.510.1163.640.021
3.1.1 协助开展社区健康教育与筛查4.27±0.650.1527.270.013
3.1.2 社区资源整合与支持4.55±0.520.1154.550.007
3.1.3 社区健康宣传与倡导4.55±0.690.1563.640.004
3.2.1 推动安宁疗护政策支持4.82±0.410.0881.820.024
3.2.2 提升安宁疗护公众意识4.64±0.510.1163.640.013
3.2.3 动员安宁疗护社区参与4.73±0.470.1072.730.007
3.3.1 开展社区生命教育活动4.73±0.650.1481.820.013
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基于德尔菲法和层次分析法的老年安宁疗护社会工作服务内容框架构建研究
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李丹 , 刘炜
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(14): 2606-2612
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (14) : 2606 -2612
基于德尔菲法和层次分析法的老年安宁疗护社会工作服务内容框架构建研究
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李丹, 刘炜
作者信息
  • 四川大学 公共管理学院,四川 成都 610065
通讯作者:
刘炜,E-mail:
作者简介:

李丹和刘炜为共同第一作者。

李丹(1969—),女,博士,教授,研究方向:老年安宁疗护;

刘炜(1999—),男,博士在读,研究方向:老年安宁疗护

Constructing a framework for social work service content in elderly palliative care based on the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process
Dan LI, Wei LIU
Affiliations
  • School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512275
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目的

构建老年安宁疗护社会工作服务内容框架,为提升安宁疗护社会工作的专业性和有效性提供科学依据。

方法

采用文献分析法和实地调研法初步构建服务内容框架,运用德尔菲法和层次分析法确定指标权重并进行分析。

结果

共函询11名专家,平均工作年限为(20.82±11.09)年,副高及以上职称7人(63.64%)。两轮函询有效问卷回收率均为100%,专家权威系数为0.932,协调系数分别为0.150和0.166。最终服务内容框架包括3个一级指标、12个二级指标、41个三级指标。其中一级指标层面,面向患者及家庭的服务综合权重最高,达到0.731;二级指标层面,心理—社会干预综合权重最高,达到0.243;三级指标层面,协助患者及家属开展的心理情绪调适及危机干预服务综合权重最高,达到0.085。

结论

本研究构建了老年安宁疗护社会工作服务内容框架,为明晰专业角色、规范服务实践及推动多学科协作提供了标准化理论工具。未来仍需通过大样本实践研究进一步验证其应用效果与推广价值。

老年安宁疗护  /  社会工作  /  德尔菲法  /  层次分析法
Objective

To construct a framework for social work services in elderly palliative care, providing a scientific basis for enhancing the professionalism and effectiveness of social work in palliative care.

Methods

A preliminary framework for service content was developed through literature analysis and field research. The Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used to determine the weights of the indicators and conduct analysis.

Results

A total of 11 experts were consulted, with an average working experience of (20.82±11.09) years, and 7 (63.64%) held deputy senior titles or above. The response rate of valid questionnaires in both rounds of consultation was 100%, with an expert authority coefficient of 0.932 and Kendall’s coefficients of concordance (W) of 0.150 and 0.166, respectively. The final framework for service content includes 3 first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators, and 41 third-level indicators. At the first-level indicator level, the comprehensive weight of services for patients and their families is the highest, reaching 0.731. At the second-level indicator level, the comprehensive weight of psychological-social intervention is the highest, reaching 0.243. At the third-level indicator level, the comprehensive weight of psychological-emotional adjustment and crisis intervention services for patients and their families is the highest, reaching 0.085.

Conclusion

This study has constructed a framework for social work services in elderly palliative care, providing a standardized theoretical tool for clarifying professional roles, standardizing service practices, and promoting multidisciplinary collaboration. Future research should further verify its application effect and promotion value through large-sample practical studies.

Elderly palliative care  /  Social work  /  Delphi method  /  Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
李丹, 刘炜. 基于德尔菲法和层次分析法的老年安宁疗护社会工作服务内容框架构建研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (14) : 2606 -2612 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512275
Dan LI, Wei LIU. Constructing a framework for social work service content in elderly palliative care based on the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (14) : 2606 -2612 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512275
国家老龄事业发展公报显示,截至2024年底,我国65岁及以上老年人口比例已达到15.6%,老龄化形势日益严峻[1]。老年群体中,终末期患者往往伴有多种慢性病共存、认知功能下降及失能失智等复杂状况,其照护者亦承受着沉重的身心与经济负担[2]。这些老年患者对安宁疗护的需求日益迫切,且不限于疾病管理,更涵盖心理支持、社会资源整合及灵性关怀等多维度需求[3]。然而,当前我国安宁疗护服务仍面临专业人才短缺、资源分配不均及文化认知偏差等挑战[4]。在此背景下,社会工作者作为多学科团队(MDT)的核心成员,凭借其资源链接能力、人文关怀优势及家庭—社区协同经验,为服务对象提供心理、社会、精神等多方面的支持[5]。研究社会工作者在老年安宁疗护服务中的工作内容对提升临终患者及家属生活质量、开展多学科协作并最终破解安宁疗护服务困境至关重要[6]。现有研究关注了安宁疗护社会工作的角色、服务内容和相关干预措施,但缺乏整体构建社会工作服务内容的框架体系及探讨各服务内容维度重要性的系统研究[7-10]。系统研究和构建安宁疗护社会工作服务内容框架的意义重大:①明确老年安宁疗护中社工的角色和工作内容及其侧重点;②推动多学科协作,开展对老年临终患者及家属的全人照护服务;③构建本土化的老年安宁疗护社工服务理论框架与实践指南。为确保服务内容指标体系的理论严谨性和实践性,本研究基于社会生态系统理论构建老年安宁疗护社会工作服务内容的“微观—中观—宏观”分析框架,引入面向患者及家庭的服务、面向医疗机构的服务和面向社会的服务三个维度,并在各维度中充分考虑老年群体特有的慢性病管理、认知支持、照护者心理疏导及社会支持网络构建等要素。采用德尔菲法和层次分析法对指标体系进行分析,为提升安宁疗护社会工作的专业性和有效性提供科学依据。
本研究已获得四川大学华西医院生物医学伦理委员会批准(批准号:20232319)。访谈开始前,所有受访者均签署书面知情同意书;德尔菲问卷首页附有知情声明,专家填写并提交问卷即视为同意参与。所有数据仅用于学术研究,严格保密。
通过对中英文数据库检索,开展文献研究。中文检索以“安宁疗护”、“临终关怀”、“老年”、“社会工作”、“服务内容”、“心理社会干预”等为关键词,在中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普等数据库进行检索;英文检索则使用“Palliative Care”、“Hospice Care”、“Aged”、“Social Work”、“Psychosocial Intervention”、“Service Model”等检索词,在PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science等数据库进行检索,旨在全面获取该领域服务内容、干预模式及效果评价的研究文献,为构建科学、系统的老年安宁疗护社工服务内容框架提供证据基础。
采用目的抽样法,从四川省、河北省、广东省、上海市分别选取4家开展安宁疗护服务和医务社工服务的医疗机构开展访谈,选取从事安宁疗护服务的医护人员和医务社工共计18人作为访谈对象。访谈提纲包括安宁疗护社工服务的现状与需求、服务内容、困境挑战等主题。
社会生态系统理论认为个人处于一系列相互嵌套的环境系统, 并将个体存在的社会生态系统划分为微观系统、中观系统、宏观系统三种基本类型[11]。微观系统由个人构成;中观系统指个人直接参与的小规模群体;宏观系统则涵盖个体不直接接触、范围更广的社会结构。这三个系统并非孤立存在,而是持续互动、彼此制约并相互影响。基于社会生态系统理论,结合文献研究和实地调研,本研究将老年安宁疗护中社工的服务内容划分为面向患者及家庭的服务、面向医疗机构的服务和面向社会的服务三个维度,见图1。并初步构建3个一级指标、12个二级指标和39个三级指标。
①专家遴选:依据研究主题,邀请从事安宁疗护工作5年以上、具有本科及以上学历和中级及以上职称,且自愿参与的专家组成咨询小组;②问卷设计:基于前期研究基础,编制首轮专家函询问卷,问卷内容包括指标咨询表及专家基本信息调查表;③依据专家评分对指标进行筛选,主要标准包括:重要性赋值均数≥3.5、满分比>20%、变异系数<0.25[12],同时结合专家提出的文字意见及研究实际情况,对指标进行进一步调整与确定;④咨询过程:通过电话、电子邮件及微信等方式与专家建立联系并发放问卷。首轮函询结束后,对回收结果进行统计分析并整合专家意见,在此基础上修订形成第二轮问卷。本研究共开展两轮函询,以凝聚专家共识。
①基于已建立的服务内容框架,构建层次结构模型,并借助Yaahp 12.0软件完成模型录入;②邀请专家依据SAATY1-9标度法对同层次指标进行两两比较,据此构造判断矩阵并进行一致性检验(CR<0.1);③采用特征根法计算各层次指标的局部权重,将三级指标权重与其所属的二级指标权重逐级连乘,得到各指标的综合权重,形成完整的权重体系。
数据分析主要借助Excel 2021和SPSS 26.0完成。通过问卷回收率、专家权威系数(Cr)和肯德尔协调系数(Kendall W)分别评估专家积极性、专业权威性及意见协调程度。采用描述性统计分析专家基本特征,连续性数据以均数±标准差表示。统计检验的显著性水平设定为α=0.05。
本研究共邀请11位权威专家完成两轮函询。专家组成员专业构成包括:安宁疗护社会工作(5人)、安宁疗护医护工作(5人)及心理治疗工作(1人)。全部专家均具备中级及以上职称,其中副高级及以上者7人(63.64%)。专家组平均年龄为(45.18±7.53)岁,平均从业年限为(20.82±11.09)年,其中10位专家(90.91%)拥有超过10年的相关工作经验。
两轮专家咨询问卷回收率均为100%,说明专家积极程度高。专家权威系数(Cr)经计算为0.932(判断依据Ca=0.936,熟悉程度Cs=0.927),表明专家组具有较高的权威性。
两轮专家函询的Kendall W值分别为0.150和0.166(P均<0.05),表明专家意见逐步趋于协调,见表1。
经过两轮德尔菲专家函询,指标体系进行了相应修订(表2):①第一轮删除2个指标,主要原因为变异系数>0.25;根据专家建议并结合小组讨论新增6个指标,修改7个指标;②第二轮根据专家建议并结合小组讨论删除2个指标,修改2个指标。
所有判断矩阵CR值均<0.1,满足一致性要求,具体结果见表3。
最终服务内容框架体系包括3个一级指标、12个二级指标、41个三级指标。按照“面向患者及家庭的服务-面向医疗机构的服务-面向社会的服务”三维度分类统计权重分布,见表4~表5。
德尔菲法和层次分析法研究发现,在一级指标层面,面向患者及家属的服务构成了老年安宁疗护社工实践最核心的部分,其综合权重达到了0.731。说明在老年安宁疗护中,社工的作用不局限于事务性工作,其根本价值在于直接回应生命末期个体及其家庭系统复杂且紧迫的心理社会需求[13]。在其二级指标层面,心理—社会干预的综合权重最高(0.243)。在其三级指标层面,协助患者及家属开展的心理情绪调适及危机干预服务被赋予最高优先级,综合权重达到了0.085。心理—社会需求评估紧随其后,综合权重达到了0.070。这超越了传统认知中社工仅提供事务性协助的范畴,凸显了其在缓解死亡焦虑、修复家庭关系、促进生命意义建构方面的不可替代的专业作用。
一级指标面向医疗机构和社会的服务相对面向患者及家属的服务权重较低,但重要性评分较高,说明其是提升安宁疗护服务质量与可持续性的重要支撑。在医疗机构内部,社工通过管理志愿者队伍、调适医患关系,直接优化了安宁疗护服务供给,提升了团队效能。其二级指标中志愿者管理的综合权重达到了0.102,说明了志愿者在安宁疗护服务供给中的重要补充作用,也是社工的重要链接资源[14]。在宏观的社会层面,社工承担着政策倡导、公众教育与社区动员的职责,其工作旨在破除社会文化中对死亡与临终的禁忌,链接更广泛的资源,从而为专业的安宁疗护实践创造更有利的宏观条件[15]。这两个维度的服务共同构成了将个体关怀嵌入支持性系统的必要环节。
德尔菲法所构建的指标体系清晰地描绘了社工在多学科团队中的枢纽角色。社工的服务内容贯穿了从微观个人到宏观社会的完整链条,使其自然地成为信息沟通、资源协调与理念贯通的中心节点[16]。他们为患者提供心理—社会—精神服务的同时加入多学科协作团队,成为重要的协调者,确保了照护方案的人性化,保障了照护的连续性与整体性,最终实现了老年安宁疗护服务的全人照护[17]。
本研究综合运用德尔菲法与层次分析法,确保了研究过程的科学性与结论的可靠性。两轮专家咨询呈现出的高回收率(100%)、高权威系数(0.932)以及意见协调程度的显著提升(两轮Kendall W值分别为0.150和0.166),表明专家意见具有良好的代表性与收敛性。有研究认为,当函询专家人数>10时,即使肯德尔协调系数偏低,也具有统计学意义[18]。本研究两轮Kendall W值偏低,这可能是由于老年安宁疗护社会工作服务内容具有高度的多维性与复杂性,导致指标体系跨度过大、指标内容涉及多专业协作且涵盖灵性关怀、生命意义等较强主观价值判断。且两轮结果均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),第二轮协调系数较第一轮上升,说明专家意见虽未达到高度一致,但已具备统计上显著的正向协同趋势,符合德尔菲法的收敛预期。层次分析法中所有判断矩阵均通过一致性检验(CR值均<0.1),权重计算逻辑严谨。定性与定量方法的结合,使得最终构建的服务内容指标体系既凝聚了广泛的专家共识,又揭示了其内在的相对重要性层次,为结论提供了扎实的方法学支撑。
本研究最终构建的指标体系较为全面,具有一定普适性,但在实际应用中可能存在负担。在实践中可以根据各指标的综合权重、重要性评分及变异系数,将三级指标划分为核心指标与可选指标两类。如核心指标是指综合权重较高(≥0.04)、重要性评分均值≥4.8且变异系数≤0.10,对老年终末期患者及家属具有直接且关键影响的服务内容;其余为可选指标。在临床实践中,建议社工团队优先保障核心指标的落实,将其作为服务质量评价的基本依据。建议各安宁疗护机构根据自身服务场景、患者群体特征、人力资源配置,从中选择与当前需求匹配的指标加以实施,不必强求全部覆盖。
本研究构建的老年安宁疗护社会工作服务内容框架全面深入,但存在以下局限性:①德尔菲法和AHP基于专家的判断,缺乏实践检验,服务内容和标准可能受文化差异、地域和机构差异等因素影响变化;②研究视角存在一定的供给导向,未系统纳入服务对象即老年患者及其家属开展评估;③当前指标体系具有一定的普适性,但未对居家、机构等不同场景进行区分,在实践中可结合临床情境,探索指标的精简与模块化应用,提升实操性。未来研究展望:①对不同地区、不同文化背景下的安宁疗护社工服务内容进行比较与验证;②基于本服务内容框架,开发不同场景下配套的服务质量评估工具,并开展实证研究以检验各项服务的效果;③探索人工智能和数智化背景下,社工服务内容与提供方式的创新与演变。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3605900)
  • 四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2025自研-公管13)
  • 四川天府老龄产业发展研究中心课题(MY2025ZX458)
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2026年第53卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202512275
  • 接收时间:2025-12-16
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-16
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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3605900)
四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2025自研-公管13)
四川天府老龄产业发展研究中心课题(MY2025ZX458)
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    四川大学 公共管理学院,四川 成都 610065

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属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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