Article(id=1324044596833026259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511414, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764086400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606431443, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606431443, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606431443, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606431443, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044540067328424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606417910, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670137580, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311799788602160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311799788602161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1404, endPage=1409, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044598531719380, articleId=1324044596833026259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on contamination status and drug resistance of listeria monocytogenes in commercial food, Hainan, 2015-2024, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the contamination status of Listeria monocytogenes in commercial food in Hainan province and characterize the antimicrobial resistance of the isolated strains. This study aims to provide baseline data for foodborne L. monocytogenes surveillance and scientific evidence for the prevention and control of listeriosis.

Methods

From 2015 to 2024, 8 878 commercial food samples were collected in Hainan Province and screened for L. monocytogenes. Thirty strains isolated from 2019 to 2024 underwent whole genome sequencing, and 26 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.

Results

A total of 38 L. monocytogenes strains were detected in this study, and the positive rate of 0.43%. The highest annual rate occurred in 2022 (1.29%, 15/1 160), and the peak seasonal rate was in the second quarter (0.91%, 24/2 639). Geographically, Baisha County (1.48%, 2/135) showed the highest rate. Among food categories, meat and meat products exhibited the highest contamination (1.06%, 22/2 072). Retail processing stores had highest facility-level rate (1.67%, 2/120), while the circulation stage showed the highest rate among sampling links (0.49%, 33/6 783). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing identified one L. monocytogenes isolate with dual resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin. All other isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. Lineage II predominate (66.67%, 20/30), with serogroup IIA as the most common type (50.0%, 15/30). ST8 was the predominant sequence type (20.0%, 6/30). All strains carried the virulence island LIPI-1, and 56.7%(17/30) strains carried the stress survival island SSI-1.

Conclusion

L. monocytogenes is present in meat, meat products and other foods in Hainan Province at a low overall contamination. ST8 is the predominant sequence type, and the isolates remains largely susceptible to antibiotics. These findings highlight the need to enhance monitoring of food contamination, particularly in meat and meat products, to detect potential hazards early and track evolving antimicrobial resistance pattern for effective listeriosis prevention and control.

, authors=Ji-xiao WANG1, Wen-wen BEI1, De HUA1, Qing-bo WU1, Han LIU1, Ya-lin ZHANG1, Yong-zhong MA1, Xiao-jie YU1, Yan WANG2, authorsList=Ji-xiao WANG, Wen-wen BEI, De HUA, Qing-bo WU, Han LIU, Ya-lin ZHANG, Yong-zhong MA, Xiao-jie YU, Yan WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-jie YU, Yan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044599194419415, articleId=1324044596833026259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2015—2024年海南省市售食品中单增李斯特菌污染状况与耐药研究, columnId=1228016573034721597, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=营养与食品卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解海南省市售食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌(简称单增李斯特菌)污染状况及其分离菌株的耐药性特征,为食源性单增李斯特菌的监测预警体系提供基础数据支持。

方法

对2015—2024年海南省8 878份市售食品开展单增李斯特菌的监测,并对2019—2024年检出的30株单增李斯特菌进行全基因组测序分析及26株单增李斯特菌的药物敏感试验。

结果

本研究共检出38株单增李斯特菌,阳性率为0.43%。其中,2022年阳性率最高(1.29%,15/1 160),不同季节以第二季度的检出率最高(0.91%,24/2 639);不同地区以白沙县检出率最高(1.48%,2/135);不同食品类别以肉及肉制品检出率最高(1.06%,22/2 072);采样地点类型以零售加工店检出率最高(1.67%,2/120);采样环节类型以流通环节检出率最高(0.49%,33/6 783)。耐药表型实验结果显示1株单增李斯特菌呈现对四环素和红霉素双重耐药,其余菌株对所检抗生素均表现为敏感。基因组分析结果显示家系II为优势群体(66.67%,20/30),血清群IIA为最主要的类型(50.0%,15/30),ST8型为主要的流行序列型(20.0%,6/30),所有菌株均携带毒力岛LIPI-1,56.7%(17/30)的菌株携带应激生存岛SSI-1。

结论

单增李斯特菌在海南省肉及肉制品等食品中存在污染,总体污染水平低,ST8型为主要的流行序列型。单增李斯特菌对多种抗生素敏感。本研究提示应加强肉及肉制品等食品中单增李斯特菌的风险监测,特别是对ST8型的风险评估,及时发现食品安全隐患,并关注单增李斯特菌耐药性的变化,做好食源性李斯特菌病的防控。

, authors=王吉晓1, 贝雯雯1, 华德1, 吴清波1, 刘涵1, 张亚琳1, 马永忠1, 遇晓杰1, 王艳2, authorsList=王吉晓, 贝雯雯, 华德, 吴清波, 刘涵, 张亚琳, 马永忠, 遇晓杰, 王艳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=遇晓杰, 王艳, authorNote=

王吉晓(1984—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:食品安全与食源性疾病预防控制

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遇晓杰与王艳为共同通信作者。遇晓杰,E-mail:
王艳,E-mail:
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Temporal distribution of Listeria monocytogenes detection in retail foods in Hainan Province

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年份样品数(份)阳性数(株)阳性率(%)
20151 04680.76
201683000.00
201746000.00
201866000.00
201953030.57
202084020.24
202185020.24
20221 160151.29
20231 16650.43
20241 33630.22
合计8 878380.43
), ArticleFig(id=1324044605532012823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044596833026259, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

海南省市售食品中单增李斯特菌检出的时序分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份样品数(份)阳性数(株)阳性率(%)
20151 04680.76
201683000.00
201746000.00
201866000.00
201953030.57
202084020.24
202185020.24
20221 160151.29
20231 16650.43
20241 33630.22
合计8 878380.43
), ArticleFig(id=1324044607205540120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044596833026259, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of Listeria monocytogenes in food samples by region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区样品数(份)阳性数(株)阳性率(%)
海口市1 388181.30
三亚市90720.22
儋州市80060.75
琼海市70220.28
文昌市61730.49
陵水县43920.46
临高县43000.00
五指山市42000.00
定安县41500.00
昌江县38510.26
东方市37700.00
乐东县37400.00
万宁市34900.00
屯昌县33300.00
琼中县32500.00
保亭县26000.00
澄迈县22220.90
白沙县13521.48
合计8 878380.43
), ArticleFig(id=1324044607343952153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044596833026259, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同地区采集食品中单增李斯特菌检出情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区样品数(份)阳性数(株)阳性率(%)
海口市1 388181.30
三亚市90720.22
儋州市80060.75
琼海市70220.28
文昌市61730.49
陵水县43920.46
临高县43000.00
五指山市42000.00
定安县41500.00
昌江县38510.26
东方市37700.00
乐东县37400.00
万宁市34900.00
屯昌县33300.00
琼中县32500.00
保亭县26000.00
澄迈县22220.90
白沙县13521.48
合计8 878380.43
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2015—2024年海南省市售食品中单增李斯特菌污染状况与耐药研究
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王吉晓 1 , 贝雯雯 1 , 华德 1 , 吴清波 1 , 刘涵 1 , 张亚琳 1 , 马永忠 1 , 遇晓杰 1 , 王艳 2
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2026,53(8): 1404-1409
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现代预防医学 |营养与食品卫生 2026 , 53 (8) : 1404 -1409
2015—2024年海南省市售食品中单增李斯特菌污染状况与耐药研究
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王吉晓1, 贝雯雯1, 华德1, 吴清波1, 刘涵1, 张亚琳1, 马永忠1, 遇晓杰1 , 王艳2
作者信息
  • 1.海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院),海南 海口 571129
  • 2.中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所
通讯作者:
遇晓杰与王艳为共同通信作者。遇晓杰,E-mail:
王艳,E-mail:
作者简介:

王吉晓(1984—),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:食品安全与食源性疾病预防控制

Study on contamination status and drug resistance of listeria monocytogenes in commercial food, Hainan, 2015-2024
Ji-xiao WANG1, Wen-wen BEI1, De HUA1, Qing-bo WU1, Han LIU1, Ya-lin ZHANG1, Yong-zhong MA1, Xiao-jie YU1 , Yan WANG2
Affiliations
  • Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Haikou, Hainan 571129, China
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511414
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目的

了解海南省市售食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌(简称单增李斯特菌)污染状况及其分离菌株的耐药性特征,为食源性单增李斯特菌的监测预警体系提供基础数据支持。

方法

对2015—2024年海南省8 878份市售食品开展单增李斯特菌的监测,并对2019—2024年检出的30株单增李斯特菌进行全基因组测序分析及26株单增李斯特菌的药物敏感试验。

结果

本研究共检出38株单增李斯特菌,阳性率为0.43%。其中,2022年阳性率最高(1.29%,15/1 160),不同季节以第二季度的检出率最高(0.91%,24/2 639);不同地区以白沙县检出率最高(1.48%,2/135);不同食品类别以肉及肉制品检出率最高(1.06%,22/2 072);采样地点类型以零售加工店检出率最高(1.67%,2/120);采样环节类型以流通环节检出率最高(0.49%,33/6 783)。耐药表型实验结果显示1株单增李斯特菌呈现对四环素和红霉素双重耐药,其余菌株对所检抗生素均表现为敏感。基因组分析结果显示家系II为优势群体(66.67%,20/30),血清群IIA为最主要的类型(50.0%,15/30),ST8型为主要的流行序列型(20.0%,6/30),所有菌株均携带毒力岛LIPI-1,56.7%(17/30)的菌株携带应激生存岛SSI-1。

结论

单增李斯特菌在海南省肉及肉制品等食品中存在污染,总体污染水平低,ST8型为主要的流行序列型。单增李斯特菌对多种抗生素敏感。本研究提示应加强肉及肉制品等食品中单增李斯特菌的风险监测,特别是对ST8型的风险评估,及时发现食品安全隐患,并关注单增李斯特菌耐药性的变化,做好食源性李斯特菌病的防控。

单增李斯特菌  /  食品污染  /  肉及肉制品  /  耐药试验  /  全基因组测序
Objective

To investigate the contamination status of Listeria monocytogenes in commercial food in Hainan province and characterize the antimicrobial resistance of the isolated strains. This study aims to provide baseline data for foodborne L. monocytogenes surveillance and scientific evidence for the prevention and control of listeriosis.

Methods

From 2015 to 2024, 8 878 commercial food samples were collected in Hainan Province and screened for L. monocytogenes. Thirty strains isolated from 2019 to 2024 underwent whole genome sequencing, and 26 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.

Results

A total of 38 L. monocytogenes strains were detected in this study, and the positive rate of 0.43%. The highest annual rate occurred in 2022 (1.29%, 15/1 160), and the peak seasonal rate was in the second quarter (0.91%, 24/2 639). Geographically, Baisha County (1.48%, 2/135) showed the highest rate. Among food categories, meat and meat products exhibited the highest contamination (1.06%, 22/2 072). Retail processing stores had highest facility-level rate (1.67%, 2/120), while the circulation stage showed the highest rate among sampling links (0.49%, 33/6 783). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing identified one L. monocytogenes isolate with dual resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin. All other isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. Lineage II predominate (66.67%, 20/30), with serogroup IIA as the most common type (50.0%, 15/30). ST8 was the predominant sequence type (20.0%, 6/30). All strains carried the virulence island LIPI-1, and 56.7%(17/30) strains carried the stress survival island SSI-1.

Conclusion

L. monocytogenes is present in meat, meat products and other foods in Hainan Province at a low overall contamination. ST8 is the predominant sequence type, and the isolates remains largely susceptible to antibiotics. These findings highlight the need to enhance monitoring of food contamination, particularly in meat and meat products, to detect potential hazards early and track evolving antimicrobial resistance pattern for effective listeriosis prevention and control.

Listeria monocytogenes  /  Food contamination  /  Meat and meat products  /  Antimicrobial resistance  /  Whole genome sequencing
王吉晓, 贝雯雯, 华德, 吴清波, 刘涵, 张亚琳, 马永忠, 遇晓杰, 王艳. 2015—2024年海南省市售食品中单增李斯特菌污染状况与耐药研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1404 -1409 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511414
Ji-xiao WANG, Wen-wen BEI, De HUA, Qing-bo WU, Han LIU, Ya-lin ZHANG, Yong-zhong MA, Xiao-jie YU, Yan WANG. Study on contamination status and drug resistance of listeria monocytogenes in commercial food, Hainan, 2015-2024[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1404 -1409 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511414
单核细胞增生李斯特菌(简称单增李斯特菌)是兼性厌氧胞内革兰氏阳性短杆菌,环境适应性极强,可在冷藏、高盐等条件下存活繁殖,广泛污染肉制品、乳制品等多种类型食品,其引发的李斯特菌病病死率高达20%~50%[1],对特殊人群致病性高,可致严重并发症。该菌是美国引起食源性疾病最常见的4种致病菌之一,每年约1 600人患病,260人死亡[2]。近年来,我国多地散发感染病例,部分地区高风险食品如肉与肉制品、水产品检出率为8.91%、5.72%,污染范围来自流通环节和餐饮环节[3],冷链普及使传播风险升高。此外,其耐药性问题日益凸显,国内食品分离株中已发现多种耐药菌株及多重耐药表型[3-4]。因此,系统开展单增李斯特菌食品污染监测对食品安全及李斯特菌病防控意义重大。目前尚未见海南省食品污染状况的相关报道,为了解海南省食品中单增李斯特菌的流行及耐药情况,本研究以2015—2024年海南省市售食品为监测对象,分析单增李斯特菌污染状况,对检出菌株进行全基因组序列分析及药敏试验分析,为精准防控提供科学依据。
样品来源于2015—2024年全省18个市县的流通、餐饮服务、屠宰及养殖环节,覆盖居民主要消费的14大类食品,包括肉及肉制品、水产品、餐饮食品、食用菌及其制品、乳制品、蔬菜及其制品、焙烤及油炸食品、水果及其制品、调味品、冷冻饮品、特殊膳食用品、坚果及其加工制品、即食食品及其他食品。依照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》,采用随机抽样方法采集,共计8 878份。
李斯特菌增菌肉汤(LB1、LB2)、李斯特菌显色平板、含0.6%酵母浸膏胰酪胨大豆琼脂平板、PALCAM培养基、TSA-YE培养基(广东环凯);李斯特菌属鉴定试剂盒(法国梅里埃);革兰阳性需氧菌药敏检测板(上海星佰)。
食品样本按照《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检验》GB 4789.30[5]进行细菌分离、培养并鉴定。
采用微量肉汤稀释法检测单增李斯特菌对8种抗生素(氨苄西林、青霉素、四环素、美罗培南、复方新诺明、红霉素、万古霉素、环丙沙星)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果依据美国临床实验室标准化协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,CLSI)M45-A3、CLSI M100-28thEdition和欧盟抗生素敏感性试验委员会(European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing,EUCAST)标准判读,分为敏感(S)、中介(I)和耐药(R)。质控菌株为金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213。具体操作按检测板说明书进行。
菌株基因组DNA提取参照FastPure Bacteria DNA Isolation Mini Kit试剂盒的操作说明书进行。基因组测序由中国科学院微生物研究所完成。文库制备使用MGIEasy通用DNA制备试剂套装BGI Optimal DNA Library Prep Kit(BGI-Shen,China),基因组测序使用BGISEQ高通量测序平台(DNBSEQ-T7),采用150 bp配对末端读段测序技术(PE150 sequencing)进行测序。
对获得的原始测序数据采用Trimmomactic(v0.36)软件进行质控,过滤掉低质量读段和接头序列,获得高质量数据。随后,使用SKESA软件(v2.4.0)进行组装。使用Prokka软件(v1.14.6)进行注释。
菌株的血清群与多位点序列型别通过比对巴斯德研究所Listeria数据库进行预测。基于该数据库的毒力因子与压力岛库,使用BlastN鉴定菌株是否携带毒力岛(LIPI-1,LIPI-3,LIPI-4)与应激生存岛(SSI-1,SSI-2),判定标准为覆盖度与序列一致性均大于80%。使用Abricate(v1.0.1)扫描ResFinder和PlasmidFinder数据库,分别预测抗生素耐药基因和质粒。
基于Prokka注释结果的GFF文件,采用Roary软件(v3.13.0)进行核心基因搜索,参数设置为:核心基因定义阈值为99%(-cd 99),即一个基因必须在99%的菌株中存在才被定义为核心基因;蛋白质序列一致性阈值设为96%(-i 96)。利用Roary输出的核心基因比对序列,使用FastTree软件(v2.1.11)在默认参数下,以最大似然法构建系统发育树。最后使用Cliplot在线工具对生成的进化树文件进行可视化与美化。
采用Excel 2007进行数据管理统计,计数资料以n(%)表示。统计分析过程在R studio(版本R 4.3.2)中进行,组间比较采用卡方(χ2)检验或Fisher确切概率法,检验水准α=0.05。
2015—2024年间采集的8 878份食品样本中共检出单增李斯特菌38株,阳性率为0.43%,其中2022年阳性率最高(见表1)。不同年度的阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同季节采集的食品均有阳性检出,其中第二季度的阳性率最高(0.91%,24/2 639),第三季度的最低(0.10%,4/3 888)。不同季节的阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),进一步两两比较,第二季度和第三季度阳性率的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
在检测的14类食品中,单增李斯特菌的总体阳性率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。肉与肉制品的阳性率最高(1.06%,22/2 072),其次为水产品(0.65%,14/2 164)和食用菌及其制品(0.26%,2/770),其余类别均未检出。进一步分析显示,在肉与肉制品内部,不同亚类间的阳性率差异亦具有统计学意义(P<0.05,Fisher精确概率法),其中以调理肉制品(禽肉)为最高。经两两比较,该亚类与其他所有调理肉制品亚类的差异均显著(P<0.05)。
18个地区采集的食品中,白沙县的阳性率最高(见表2)。经过Fisher精确概率法检验,不同地区的阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步两两比较,阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。城市采集的食品阳性率(0.52%,32/6 192)是农村(0.22%,6/2 686)的2.36倍,经卡方检验进行组间两两比较,城乡食品阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
从餐饮服务、流通、屠宰以及养殖4个环节采集的样品中,流通环节的阳性率最高(0.49%,33/6 783);其次是餐饮服务环节(0.27%,5/1 853);其他环节未检出。经比较,不同采样环节的食品阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。从食品采样地点类型看,零售加工店(前销售后制作)的阳性率最高(1.67%,2/120);其次是农贸市场(0.75%,25/3 315);饭店/酒店(0.52%,5/960);超市(0.23%,4/1 770);便利店/零售店(0.21%,2/935);其他地点未检出。经比较,不同采样地点类型的食品阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。从食品包装形式看,预包装食品的阳性率(0.61%,26/6 907)是散装食品(0.38%,12/1 971)的1.61倍,经卡方检验进行组间两两比较,两种食品包装形式的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
选取26株单增李斯特菌进行抗生素敏感性试验。结果显示,25株菌株对氨苄西林、青霉素、四环素、美罗培南、复方新诺明、红霉素、万古霉素及环丙沙星8种受试抗生素均敏感,仅1株菌对四环素(MIC=16 μg/ml)和红霉素(MIC=32 μg/ml)表现为双重耐药。
对2019—2024年从市售食品中分离的30株单增李斯特菌进行了血清分型和多位点序列分型(MLST)分析。血清群以IIA为主(50.0%,15/30),其次为IIB型(23.3%,7/30)、IIC型(16.7%,5/30)、IVB型(6.7%,2/30)及L型(3.3%,1/30)。MLST共鉴定出14种ST型,主要流行型为ST8型(20.0%,6/30)、ST9型(16.7%,5/30)和ST121型(13.3%,4/30),其余ST型均为散发分布。63.3%(19/30)的菌株携带质粒。所有菌株均检出4种固有耐药基因,包括lin(与林可霉素耐药相关)、fosX(与磷霉素耐药相关)、norB(与氟喹诺酮类抗生素耐药相关)、mprF(可赋予细菌对阳离子抗菌肽的耐药性)。仅1株ST87型菌株携带3个获得性耐药基因,包括介导红霉素耐药的外排泵基因mefA和msrD,以及介导四环素耐药的tetM基因,与对应的红霉素和四环素耐药表型相符。所有菌株均携带毒力岛LIPI-1;5株菌携带LIPI-3;3株菌携带LIPI-4。应激生存岛SSI-1携带率为56.7%(17/30),分布于ST8、ST9、ST299、ST3和ST5型菌株;SSI-2仅分布于ST121和ST196型菌株。基于1 865个核心基因构建的系统发育树将菌株划分为3个家系(图1)。家系II是优势家系,占比66.67%(20/30),包含ST8、ST9、ST121等主要流行型。家系I占比30.00%(9/30),家系III占比仅3.33%(1/30)。毒力岛LIPI-3和LIPI-4仅存在于家系I的部分菌株中;SSI-1广泛分布于三个家系,SSI-2仅分布于部分家系II的菌株中。结果表明毒力与环境适应基因的分布与菌株的遗传背景(家系)密切关联。
2015—2024年海南省系统监测市售食品中单增李斯特菌污染状况,覆盖主要流通与餐饮场所的多种食品类型。监测结果显示海南省近十年单增李斯特菌检出率约为0.43%,处于我国2008—2016年28个省份报告检出率范围(0.05%~10.84%)的较低水平。不同年份检出率差异有统计学意义,可能与每年国家监测任务的食品种类及样品量不同相关。研究发现不同季节均检出单增李斯特菌,表明我省全年均有污染,第二季度检出率最高,提示需重点强化该时段风险评估。食品类别中,肉与肉制品的检出率最高,与李薇薇报道的全国监测结果吻合[3]。尤其是调理肉制品,禽肉、畜肉检出率显著高于其他亚类,与济南市监测结果相似[6],因其生产环节复杂,易发生细菌交叉污染并快速增殖,且原料在屠宰、运输和销售过程中也易受污染[7],需加强各环节卫生操作规范宣贯,增强防范意识。水产品检出率次高,与地理环境相似的广西[8]监测结果相似,海南常年高温,居民依赖使用低温冰箱储存水产品,若冷链未规范操作,易增加污染风险。此外,本研究从新鲜金针菇中检出2株该菌,进一步证实生鲜食用菌可被污染[9]。结合2020年美国金针菇污染引发的李斯特菌病暴发事件凸显了此类生鲜食用菌潜在的公共卫生风险[10],从源头控制污染[11],提示相关部门需强化高危食品监测。食品流通环节采样量占比高且检出率最高,农贸市场、超市、零售加工店(前销售后制作)等场所均有检出,部分场所存在生熟交叉存放导致污染的情况,相关部门应督促从业人员落实卫生操作规范,提高公众食品安全意识。
全基因组测序技术因高分辨率和全面解析遗传特征的能力,成为分子流行病学分型核心技术[12]。本研究利用该技术,对30株食品源单增李斯特菌的遗传多样性、毒力特征和进化关系进行系统解析,基于1 865个核心基因构建的系统发育树将菌株划分为3个家系,其中家系II为优势群体,涵盖ST8、ST9和ST121等主要流行序列型,与多项食品分离株研究一致[13],进一步证实家系II菌株在食品相关生态位中占据主导地位,提示其可能具有更强在食品相关环境中存活并传播的能力。在耐药性方面,菌株总体抗生素敏感性较高,仅1株单增李斯特菌同时对四环素和红霉素耐药,其余菌株对所有检测的抗生素均为敏感,提示目前海南省食源性单增李斯特菌尚未出现广泛或严重的耐药问题。然而,对该耐药菌株的基因组分析显示,其为ST87型,并携带三个耐药基因(mefA,msrD,tetM),分别介导对红霉素和四环素的耐药性。尽管这两种抗生素并非临床治疗李斯特菌病的首选药物,但这一发现具有重要的警示意义。ST87型菌株已被多项研究报道是中国临床李斯特菌感染中的主要流行型别之一。值得注意的是,携带相同耐药基因谱的ST87菌株曾在闫韶飞[14]等的研究中被报道,表明此类菌株并非孤例,其出现预示着一个潜在的公共卫生问题。因此,有必要持续监测ST87及其他优势临床型别菌株的耐药性进化趋势。此外,超过60%菌株被预测携带质粒,提示质粒介导的基因水平转移可能是该细菌群体进化的重要驱动力,尽管本研究未直接观察到由质粒携带的耐药基因。本研究菌株携带毒力因子状况与报道一致,所有菌株均携带LIPI-1,而具有细菌素活性和溶血性细胞毒素的特性LIPI-3和靶向中枢神经系统及胎盘组织的关键决定簇LIPI-4的分布则局限于部分家系I的菌株中。在环境适应性方面,应激生存岛SSI-1,参与抵抗胃酸、胆汁和渗透胁迫,在3个家系部分菌株中均有检出,分布范围广于SSI-2。SSI-2介导碱性及氧化应激抗性,分布更具特异性,仅存在于家系II的部分ST型(如ST121),这可能是ST121型菌株在食品加工环境中被频繁检出的原因之一[15]。
本研究中2015年检出的8株菌株未保存,2019 –2024年间4株菌株复苏失活,导致部分菌株的基因组与耐药特征缺失。尽管如此,本研究仍尽可能系统、深入地分析了监测数据,全面掌握了污染分布特征、流行趋势及耐药状况,为食源性李斯特菌病精准防控、食品安全监管策略优化和保障公众健康提供了重要的科学依据。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(824QN400)
  • 海南省卫生健康科技创新联合重点项目(WSJK2024MS229)
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2026年第53卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511414
  • 接收时间:2025-11-26
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-26
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(824QN400)
海南省卫生健康科技创新联合重点项目(WSJK2024MS229)
作者信息
    1.海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院),海南 海口 571129
    2.中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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