Article(id=1311350082298020202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511349, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763654400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579823325, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579823325, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579823325, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579823325, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349984730116963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579800064, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588348354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385838924169506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385838924169507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349984730116963, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2538, endPage=2545, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350082746810731, articleId=1311350082298020202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Prevalence and influencing factors of comorbidity of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among residents aged 35-75 years in two districts of Jinan City, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of comorbidity status of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia (commonly referred to as the “Three Highs”), to identify factors influencing this comorbidity among community-dwelling residents aged 35–75 years in two districts of Jinan City, and to provide scientific evidence to inform targeted and precise management and intervention strategies for local patients with these metabolic comorbidities.

Methods

From September 2016 to June 2022, stratified cluster sampling was used to select residents aged 35–75 years in Licheng District and Zhangqiu District of Jinan. Questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and blood tests were conducted. R 4.2.1 software was used for chi-square test, trend chi-square test, and binaryl logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of “three highs” comorbidity.

Results

A total of 30 214 participants were included, with 12 185 males (40.33%) and 18 029 females (59.67%), and a mean age of (57.97±9.55) years. The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension is 45.39%, that of diabetes mellitus is 22.54%, and that of dyslipidemia is 27.31%. Among them, the standardized comorbidity rate of the “three highs” stands at 5.95%. The highest standardized comorbidity rate is observed in patients with both hypertension and hyperlipidemia, reaching 9.75%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were risk factors for “three highs” comorbidity (all P<0.05): male (OR=1.121 95%CI: 1.028-1.222), older age groups (OR≥1.992 in all age groups); administrative/professional and technical personnel (OR=1.551 95%CI: 1.120-1.989), retired/unemployed/household workers (OR=1.174 95%CI: 1.041-1.324), private business owners/other personnel (OR=1.427 95%CI: 1.101-1.850); history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (OR=1.943 95%CI:1.620-2.332); overweight (OR=1.624 95%CI: 1.418-1.859); obesity (OR=2.016 95%CI: 1.766-2.404); and central obesity (OR=1.931 95%CI:1.733-2.152).

Conclusion

In Jinan City, the comorbidity prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia is relatively high, with hypertension combined with dyslipidemia being the most common comorbidity pattern. Priority interventions should be targeted at males, the elderly, sedentary occupational groups, individuals with a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and overweight/obese individuals.

, authors=Xia MA1, Ning-ning ZHUANSUN2, Ying WANG1, Qing-chang WANG1, Chun-xiao XU3, Lei-qi CAI1, Nan WANG1, Zi-yu WANG1, Jun ZHANG1, authorsList=Xia MA, Ning-ning ZHUANSUN, Ying WANG, Qing-chang WANG, Chun-xiao XU, Lei-qi CAI, Nan WANG, Zi-yu WANG, Jun ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xia MA, Jun ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350084059627884, articleId=1311350082298020202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=济南市两区35~75岁居民高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常共病现状及影响因素研究, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

为了解济南市两区35~75岁居民高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常(简称“三高”)共患病情况及其影响因素,为本地“三高”患者精准化管理及干预提供科学依据。

方法

选取2016年9月—2022年6月采用分层整群抽样,在济南市历城区和章丘区对辖区内35~75岁居民开展问卷调查、体格检查和血液检测。使用R 4.2.1 软件进行χ2检验、趋势χ2检验,二分类 logistic 回归分析探讨“三高”共病的影响因素。

结果

共纳入30 214名调查对象,其中男性12 185人(40.33%),女性18 029人(59.67%),平均年龄(57.97±9.55)岁;高血压标化患病率45.39%、糖尿病标化患病率22.54%、血脂异常标化患病率27.31%,其中“三高”标化共病率为5.95%,两病高血压+高血脂标化患病率最高9.75%。二分类logistic回归结果显示:男性(OR=1.121 95%CI:1.028~1.222)、高龄(各年龄组OR均≥1.992),行政/专业技术人员(OR=1.551 95%CI:1.120~1.989)、退休/失业/家务人员(OR=1.174 95%CI:1.041~1.324)、心脑血管病史(OR=1.943 95%CI:1.620~2.332)、私营业主/其他人员(OR=1.427 95%CI:1.101~1.850)、超重(OR=1.624 95%CI:1.418~1.859)、肥胖(OR=2.061 95%CI:1.766~2.404)和中心型肥胖(OR=1.931 95%CI:1.733~2.152)均是“三高”共病的危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论

济南市高血压、糖尿病及血脂异常共病患病率较高,高血压合并血脂异常为最主要共病模式,应针对男性、高龄、久坐职业人群、心脑血管病史、超重肥胖人群重点干预。

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马霞(1987—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病的预防与控制

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张军和马霞为共同通信作者。
张军,E-mail:
马霞,E-mail:
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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2022, 10(4): 253-263., articleTitle=Body-mass index and risk of obesity-related complex multimorbidity: an observational multicohort study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350091311579571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, awardId=2023-公-17, language=CN, fundingSource=济南市卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(2023-公-17), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350084890100077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350084898488686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, companyId=1311350084890100077, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350084906877295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, companyId=1311350084890100077, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东 济南 250000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350085204672880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350085255004529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, companyId=1311350085204672880, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.济南市章丘区疾病预防控制中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350085603131762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350085611520371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, companyId=1311350085603131762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山东省疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350090493690283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Variable assignment table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量变量名称赋值方式
Y“三高”共病情况0=未患病,1=患病
X1性别0=女,1=男
X2年龄(岁)0=35~39,1=40~45,2=46~49,3=50~55,4=56~59,5=60~65,6=66~69,7=70~75
X3户口类型0=农业,1=非农
X4婚姻状况0=非婚状态,1=在婚
X5职业类型0=农民,1=工人,2=行政/专业技术人员,3=商业/服务业人员,4=退休/失业/家务人员,5=私营业主/其他人员
X6心脑血管病史情况0=否,1=是
X7BMI分类0=正常,1=超重,2=肥胖,3=偏瘦
X8中心型肥胖0=否,1=是
), ArticleFig(id=1311350090644685228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量变量名称赋值方式
Y“三高”共病情况0=未患病,1=患病
X1性别0=女,1=男
X2年龄(岁)0=35~39,1=40~45,2=46~49,3=50~55,4=56~59,5=60~65,6=66~69,7=70~75
X3户口类型0=农业,1=非农
X4婚姻状况0=非婚状态,1=在婚
X5职业类型0=农民,1=工人,2=行政/专业技术人员,3=商业/服务业人员,4=退休/失业/家务人员,5=私营业主/其他人员
X6心脑血管病史情况0=否,1=是
X7BMI分类0=正常,1=超重,2=肥胖,3=偏瘦
X8中心型肥胖0=否,1=是
), ArticleFig(id=1311350090720182701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic characteristics [n (%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别调查人数(n)构成(%)
性别男12 18540.33
女18 02959.67
年龄(岁)35~399173.04
40~441 8115.99
45~493 41411.30
50~544 99216.52
55~595 39117.84
60~644 90316.23
65~694 85316.06
70~753 93313.02
户口类型农业户口21 30770.52
非农业户口8 90729.48
教育程度初中及以下27 68091.61
高中/中专2 0786.88
大专及以上4561.51
婚姻状况在婚27 50691.04
非婚2 7088.96
职业农民23 62478.19
工人8192.71
行政/专业技术人员8352.76
商业/服务业人员5621.86
退休/失业/家务人员3 55111.75
私营业主/其他人员8232.72
家庭年均收入≤5万26 72188.44
>5万3 49311.56
吸烟是4 73915.69
否25 47484.31
饮酒是4 94916.38
否25 26583.62
心脑血管病史否29 27396.89
是9413.11
BMI分类消瘦3221.07
正常8 22427.22
超重12 95742.88
肥胖8 71128.83
中心型肥胖否11 95239.56
是18 26260.44
), ArticleFig(id=1311350090791485870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基本特征[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别调查人数(n)构成(%)
性别男12 18540.33
女18 02959.67
年龄(岁)35~399173.04
40~441 8115.99
45~493 41411.30
50~544 99216.52
55~595 39117.84
60~644 90316.23
65~694 85316.06
70~753 93313.02
户口类型农业户口21 30770.52
非农业户口8 90729.48
教育程度初中及以下27 68091.61
高中/中专2 0786.88
大专及以上4561.51
婚姻状况在婚27 50691.04
非婚2 7088.96
职业农民23 62478.19
工人8192.71
行政/专业技术人员8352.76
商业/服务业人员5621.86
退休/失业/家务人员3 55111.75
私营业主/其他人员8232.72
家庭年均收入≤5万26 72188.44
>5万3 49311.56
吸烟是4 73915.69
否25 47484.31
饮酒是4 94916.38
否25 26583.62
心脑血管病史否29 27396.89
是9413.11
BMI分类消瘦3221.07
正常8 22427.22
超重12 95742.88
肥胖8 71128.83
中心型肥胖否11 95239.56
是18 26260.44
), ArticleFig(id=1311350090879566255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Prevalence and co-morbidities of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in study populations with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别高血压糖尿病血脂异常高血压+糖尿病
病例数患病率
(%)
病例数患病率
(%)
病例数患病率
(%)
病例数患病率
(%)
性别男7 86564.55 3 61929.70 3 75630.82 1 50612.36
女10 39757.67 5 12528.43 5 53030.67 2 04011.32
χ2143.88 5.74 0.08 7.66
P值<0.0010.02 0.78 0.01
年龄(岁)35~3921323.23 11712.76 20522.36 303.27
40~4457431.70 29616.34 49427.28 703.87
45~491 49643.82 74621.85 90426.48 2266.62
50~542 68553.79 1 31626.36 1 51530.35 4488.97
55~593 40863.22 1 75732.59 1 77933.00 66912.41
60~643 25866.45 1 71334.94 1 56131.84 73915.07
65~693 54272.99 1 56332.21 1 58332.62 75015.45
70~753 08678.46 1 23631.43 1 24531.66 61415.61
趋势χ22 490.87 350.6557.40 434.03
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
户口类型农业户口13 16361.78 5 52025.91 6 76331.74 2 23110.47
非农业户口5 09957.25 3 22436.20 2 52328.33 1 31514.76
χ253.93 323.36 34.40 111.75
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
教育程度初中及以下17 03861.55 8 07029.15 8 43730.48 3 34912.10
高中/中专1 04750.38 56427.14 69633.49 1728.28
大专及以上17738.82 11024.12 15333.55 255.48
趋势χ2191.38 8.92 8.98 44.49
P值<0.001<0.010 <0.010 <0.001
婚姻状况在婚16 34959.44 7 88628.67 8 39230.51 3 16111.49
非婚1 91370.64 85831.68 89433.01 38514.22
χ2129.45 10.89 7.26 17.67
P值<0.001<0.010 0.01 <0.001
职业农民14 48461.31 6 78728.73 7 08329.98 2 85112.07
工人45255.19 16620.27 25431.01 516.23
行政/专业技术人员36643.83 25330.30 28734.37 657.78
商业/服务业人员22740.39 11520.46 14024.91 417.30
退休/失业/家务人员2 29864.71 1 27235.82 1 24835.15 49113.83
私营业主/其他人员43552.86 15118.35 27433.29 475.71
趋势χ27.93 8.54 32.63 2.59
P值0.01 0.001 <0.0010.11
家庭年均收入≤5万元16 29560.98 7 92829.67 8 12830.42 3 27912.27
>5万元1 96756.31 81623.36 1 15833.15 2677.64
χ228.17 59.78 10.85 63.86
P值<0.001<0.001<0.010 <0.001
吸烟是2 91861.57 1 30427.52 1 47831.19 53511.29
否15 34460.23 7 44029.21 7 80830.65 3 01111.82
χ23.01 5.54 0.54 1.08
P值0.08 0.02 0.46 0.30
饮酒是3 28866.44 1 54431.20 1 43629.02 66913.52
否14 97459.27 7 20028.50 7 85031.07 2 87711.39
χ288.98 14.64 8.21 18.14
P值<0.001<0.001<0.010 <0.001
心脑血管病史否17 49459.76 8 40228.70 8 85630.25 3 4120.46
是76881.62 34236.34 42845.48 13414.24
χ2182.15 25.88 99.32 5.87
P值<0.001<0.001<0.0010.02
BMI分类消瘦16049.69 6620.50 6720.81 257.76
正常3 92147.68 1 84822.47 1 80021.89 7499.11
超重7 86060.66 3 76929.09 4 02631.07 1 52211.75
肥胖6 32172.56 3 06135.14 3 39338.95 1 25014.35
趋势χ21 085.65 338.59 585.62 116.74
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
中心型肥胖否8 46770.84 3 80331.82 4 12434.50 1 53912.88
是9 79553.64 4 94127.06 5 16228.27 2 00710.99
1 186.36 584.53 553.67 194.08
<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.010
变量组别高血压+血脂异常糖尿病+血脂异常三高共病
病例数患病率
(%)
病例数患病率
(%)
病例数患病率
(%)
性别男1 55412.75 3382.77 1 0668.75
女2 16011.98 5503.05 1 4568.08
χ24.03 1.95 4.30
P值0.04 0.17 0.04
年龄(岁)35~39535.78 181.96 181.96
40~441558.56 372.04 723.98
45~493078.99 912.67 1815.30
50~5457011.42 1653.31 3607.21
55~5967712.56 2304.27 5079.40
60~6461512.54 1653.37 4899.97
65~6973015.04 1052.16 48610.01
70~7560715.43 771.96 40910.40
趋势χ2158.47 2.35 179.58
P值<0.0010.13 <0.001
户口类型农业户口2 59012.16 5562.61 1 6397.69
非农业户口7648.58 3323.73 8839.91
χ2161.67 27.52 40.51
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
教育程度初中及以下3 44112.43 7832.83 2 3098.34
高中/中专23311.21 813.90 1768.47
大专及以上408.77 245.26 378.11
趋势χ27.65 14.64 0.00
P值0.01 <0.0010.98
婚姻状况在婚3 32512.09 8122.95 2 2548.19
非婚38914.36 762.81 2689.90
χ211.85 0.18 9.34
P值<0.0100.72 <0.010
职业农民2 89112.24 6502.75 1 8767.94
工人10412.70 313.79 516.23
行政/专业技术人员779.22 505.99 8410.06
商业/服务业人员519.07 142.49 244.27
退休/失业/家务人员48013.52 1283.60 41811.77
私营业主/其他人员11113.49 151.82 698.38
趋势χ21.94 4.91 34.66
P值0.16 0.03 <0.001
家庭年均收入≤ 5万元3 25812.19 7962.98 2 2308.35
>5万元45613.05 922.63 2928.36
χ22.13 1.29 0.00
P值0.15 0.29 0.98
吸烟是60212.70 1433.02 3727.85
否3 11212.22 7522.95 2 1508.44
χ20.88 0.12 1.82
P值0.35 0.71 0.19
饮酒是61312.39 1342.71 4228.53
否3 10112.27 7542.98 2 1008.31
χ20.05 1.11 0.25
P值0.83 0.31 0.61
心脑血管病史否3 51812.02 8682.97 2 3658.08
是19620.83 202.13 15716.68
χ265.77 2.26 88.23
P值<0.0010.15 <0.001
BMI分类消瘦299.01 41.24 154.66
正常6377.75 1972.40 3374.10
超重1 58512.23 3943.04 1 0698.25
肥胖1 46316.79 2933.36 1 10112.64
趋势χ2315.50 16.50 400.37
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
中心型肥胖否1 58613.27 4133.46 8146.81
是2 12811.65 4752.60 1 7809.75
231.47 22.67 540.36
<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350091001201072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同特征人群高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患病及共病情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量组别高血压糖尿病血脂异常高血压+糖尿病
病例数患病率
(%)
病例数患病率
(%)
病例数患病率
(%)
病例数患病率
(%)
性别男7 86564.55 3 61929.70 3 75630.82 1 50612.36
女10 39757.67 5 12528.43 5 53030.67 2 04011.32
χ2143.88 5.74 0.08 7.66
P值<0.0010.02 0.78 0.01
年龄(岁)35~3921323.23 11712.76 20522.36 303.27
40~4457431.70 29616.34 49427.28 703.87
45~491 49643.82 74621.85 90426.48 2266.62
50~542 68553.79 1 31626.36 1 51530.35 4488.97
55~593 40863.22 1 75732.59 1 77933.00 66912.41
60~643 25866.45 1 71334.94 1 56131.84 73915.07
65~693 54272.99 1 56332.21 1 58332.62 75015.45
70~753 08678.46 1 23631.43 1 24531.66 61415.61
趋势χ22 490.87 350.6557.40 434.03
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
户口类型农业户口13 16361.78 5 52025.91 6 76331.74 2 23110.47
非农业户口5 09957.25 3 22436.20 2 52328.33 1 31514.76
χ253.93 323.36 34.40 111.75
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
教育程度初中及以下17 03861.55 8 07029.15 8 43730.48 3 34912.10
高中/中专1 04750.38 56427.14 69633.49 1728.28
大专及以上17738.82 11024.12 15333.55 255.48
趋势χ2191.38 8.92 8.98 44.49
P值<0.001<0.010 <0.010 <0.001
婚姻状况在婚16 34959.44 7 88628.67 8 39230.51 3 16111.49
非婚1 91370.64 85831.68 89433.01 38514.22
χ2129.45 10.89 7.26 17.67
P值<0.001<0.010 0.01 <0.001
职业农民14 48461.31 6 78728.73 7 08329.98 2 85112.07
工人45255.19 16620.27 25431.01 516.23
行政/专业技术人员36643.83 25330.30 28734.37 657.78
商业/服务业人员22740.39 11520.46 14024.91 417.30
退休/失业/家务人员2 29864.71 1 27235.82 1 24835.15 49113.83
私营业主/其他人员43552.86 15118.35 27433.29 475.71
趋势χ27.93 8.54 32.63 2.59
P值0.01 0.001 <0.0010.11
家庭年均收入≤5万元16 29560.98 7 92829.67 8 12830.42 3 27912.27
>5万元1 96756.31 81623.36 1 15833.15 2677.64
χ228.17 59.78 10.85 63.86
P值<0.001<0.001<0.010 <0.001
吸烟是2 91861.57 1 30427.52 1 47831.19 53511.29
否15 34460.23 7 44029.21 7 80830.65 3 01111.82
χ23.01 5.54 0.54 1.08
P值0.08 0.02 0.46 0.30
饮酒是3 28866.44 1 54431.20 1 43629.02 66913.52
否14 97459.27 7 20028.50 7 85031.07 2 87711.39
χ288.98 14.64 8.21 18.14
P值<0.001<0.001<0.010 <0.001
心脑血管病史否17 49459.76 8 40228.70 8 85630.25 3 4120.46
是76881.62 34236.34 42845.48 13414.24
χ2182.15 25.88 99.32 5.87
P值<0.001<0.001<0.0010.02
BMI分类消瘦16049.69 6620.50 6720.81 257.76
正常3 92147.68 1 84822.47 1 80021.89 7499.11
超重7 86060.66 3 76929.09 4 02631.07 1 52211.75
肥胖6 32172.56 3 06135.14 3 39338.95 1 25014.35
趋势χ21 085.65 338.59 585.62 116.74
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
中心型肥胖否8 46770.84 3 80331.82 4 12434.50 1 53912.88
是9 79553.64 4 94127.06 5 16228.27 2 00710.99
1 186.36 584.53 553.67 194.08
<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.010
变量组别高血压+血脂异常糖尿病+血脂异常三高共病
病例数患病率
(%)
病例数患病率
(%)
病例数患病率
(%)
性别男1 55412.75 3382.77 1 0668.75
女2 16011.98 5503.05 1 4568.08
χ24.03 1.95 4.30
P值0.04 0.17 0.04
年龄(岁)35~39535.78 181.96 181.96
40~441558.56 372.04 723.98
45~493078.99 912.67 1815.30
50~5457011.42 1653.31 3607.21
55~5967712.56 2304.27 5079.40
60~6461512.54 1653.37 4899.97
65~6973015.04 1052.16 48610.01
70~7560715.43 771.96 40910.40
趋势χ2158.47 2.35 179.58
P值<0.0010.13 <0.001
户口类型农业户口2 59012.16 5562.61 1 6397.69
非农业户口7648.58 3323.73 8839.91
χ2161.67 27.52 40.51
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
教育程度初中及以下3 44112.43 7832.83 2 3098.34
高中/中专23311.21 813.90 1768.47
大专及以上408.77 245.26 378.11
趋势χ27.65 14.64 0.00
P值0.01 <0.0010.98
婚姻状况在婚3 32512.09 8122.95 2 2548.19
非婚38914.36 762.81 2689.90
χ211.85 0.18 9.34
P值<0.0100.72 <0.010
职业农民2 89112.24 6502.75 1 8767.94
工人10412.70 313.79 516.23
行政/专业技术人员779.22 505.99 8410.06
商业/服务业人员519.07 142.49 244.27
退休/失业/家务人员48013.52 1283.60 41811.77
私营业主/其他人员11113.49 151.82 698.38
趋势χ21.94 4.91 34.66
P值0.16 0.03 <0.001
家庭年均收入≤ 5万元3 25812.19 7962.98 2 2308.35
>5万元45613.05 922.63 2928.36
χ22.13 1.29 0.00
P值0.15 0.29 0.98
吸烟是60212.70 1433.02 3727.85
否3 11212.22 7522.95 2 1508.44
χ20.88 0.12 1.82
P值0.35 0.71 0.19
饮酒是61312.39 1342.71 4228.53
否3 10112.27 7542.98 2 1008.31
χ20.05 1.11 0.25
P值0.83 0.31 0.61
心脑血管病史否3 51812.02 8682.97 2 3658.08
是19620.83 202.13 15716.68
χ265.77 2.26 88.23
P值<0.0010.15 <0.001
BMI分类消瘦299.01 41.24 154.66
正常6377.75 1972.40 3374.10
超重1 58512.23 3943.04 1 0698.25
肥胖1 46316.79 2933.36 1 10112.64
趋势χ2315.50 16.50 400.37
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
中心型肥胖否1 58613.27 4133.46 8146.81
是2 12811.65 4752.60 1 7809.75
231.47 22.67 540.36
<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350091097670065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariate regression analysis of factors influencing “three highs” comorbidity among residents in two districts of Jinan city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素比较组βSxWaldχ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
性别女1.000
男0.1140.0446.7360.0091.121(1.028~1.222)
年龄(岁)35~391.000
40~440.6890.2686.6040.0101.992(1.178~3.368)
45~491.0080.25216.055<0.0012.741(1.674~4.489)
50~541.3170.24728.498<0.0013.730(2.301~6.049)
55~591.6060.24542.878<0.0014.984(3.082~8.061)
60~641.6750.24646.414<0.0015.340(3.298~8.647)
65~691.6790.24646.444<0.0015.359(3.307~8.685)
70~751.7410.24849.349<0.0015.700(3.508~9.264)
户口状态农民1.000
非农0.3490.04853.254<0.0011.417(1.290~1.556)
婚姻状况非婚1.000
在婚-0.1150.0722.5680.1090.891(0.774~1.026)
职业类型农民1.000
工人-0.0090.1500.0030.9540.991(0.738~1.331)
行政/专业技术人员0.4390.12711.9960.0011.551(1.210~1.989)
商业/服务业人员-0.3640.2152.8670.0900.695(0.456~1.059)
退休/失业/家务人员0.1610.0616.8500.0091.174(1.041~1.324)
私营业主/其他人员0.3560.1327.2130.0071.427(1.101~1.850)
心脑血管病史否1.000
是0.6640.09351.085<0.0011.943(1.620~2.332)
BMI分类正常1.000
超重0.4850.06949.249<0.0011.624(1.418~1.859)
肥胖0.7230.07984.464<0.0012.061(1.766~2.404)
消瘦0.0150.2710.0030.9561.015(0.596~1.728)
中心型肥胖否1.000
是0.6580.055142.211<0.0011.931(1.733~2.152)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350091168973234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350082298020202, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

济南市两区居民“三高”共病影响因素多因素回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素比较组βSxWaldχ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
性别女1.000
男0.1140.0446.7360.0091.121(1.028~1.222)
年龄(岁)35~391.000
40~440.6890.2686.6040.0101.992(1.178~3.368)
45~491.0080.25216.055<0.0012.741(1.674~4.489)
50~541.3170.24728.498<0.0013.730(2.301~6.049)
55~591.6060.24542.878<0.0014.984(3.082~8.061)
60~641.6750.24646.414<0.0015.340(3.298~8.647)
65~691.6790.24646.444<0.0015.359(3.307~8.685)
70~751.7410.24849.349<0.0015.700(3.508~9.264)
户口状态农民1.000
非农0.3490.04853.254<0.0011.417(1.290~1.556)
婚姻状况非婚1.000
在婚-0.1150.0722.5680.1090.891(0.774~1.026)
职业类型农民1.000
工人-0.0090.1500.0030.9540.991(0.738~1.331)
行政/专业技术人员0.4390.12711.9960.0011.551(1.210~1.989)
商业/服务业人员-0.3640.2152.8670.0900.695(0.456~1.059)
退休/失业/家务人员0.1610.0616.8500.0091.174(1.041~1.324)
私营业主/其他人员0.3560.1327.2130.0071.427(1.101~1.850)
心脑血管病史否1.000
是0.6640.09351.085<0.0011.943(1.620~2.332)
BMI分类正常1.000
超重0.4850.06949.249<0.0011.624(1.418~1.859)
肥胖0.7230.07984.464<0.0012.061(1.766~2.404)
消瘦0.0150.2710.0030.9561.015(0.596~1.728)
中心型肥胖否1.000
是0.6580.055142.211<0.0011.931(1.733~2.152)
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济南市两区35~75岁居民高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常共病现状及影响因素研究
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马霞 1 , 颛孙宁宁 2 , 王莹 1 , 王庆昌 1 , 徐春晓 3 , 蔡雷琦 1 , 王楠 1 , 王子瑜 1 , 张军 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(14): 2538-2545
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (14) : 2538 -2545
济南市两区35~75岁居民高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常共病现状及影响因素研究
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马霞1 , 颛孙宁宁2, 王莹1, 王庆昌1, 徐春晓3, 蔡雷琦1, 王楠1, 王子瑜1, 张军1
作者信息
  • 1.济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东 济南 250000
  • 2.济南市章丘区疾病预防控制中心
  • 3.山东省疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
张军和马霞为共同通信作者。
张军,E-mail:
马霞,E-mail:
作者简介:

马霞(1987—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病的预防与控制

Prevalence and influencing factors of comorbidity of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among residents aged 35-75 years in two districts of Jinan City
Xia MA1 , Ning-ning ZHUANSUN2, Ying WANG1, Qing-chang WANG1, Chun-xiao XU3, Lei-qi CAI1, Nan WANG1, Zi-yu WANG1, Jun ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511349
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目的

为了解济南市两区35~75岁居民高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常(简称“三高”)共患病情况及其影响因素,为本地“三高”患者精准化管理及干预提供科学依据。

方法

选取2016年9月—2022年6月采用分层整群抽样,在济南市历城区和章丘区对辖区内35~75岁居民开展问卷调查、体格检查和血液检测。使用R 4.2.1 软件进行χ2检验、趋势χ2检验,二分类 logistic 回归分析探讨“三高”共病的影响因素。

结果

共纳入30 214名调查对象,其中男性12 185人(40.33%),女性18 029人(59.67%),平均年龄(57.97±9.55)岁;高血压标化患病率45.39%、糖尿病标化患病率22.54%、血脂异常标化患病率27.31%,其中“三高”标化共病率为5.95%,两病高血压+高血脂标化患病率最高9.75%。二分类logistic回归结果显示:男性(OR=1.121 95%CI:1.028~1.222)、高龄(各年龄组OR均≥1.992),行政/专业技术人员(OR=1.551 95%CI:1.120~1.989)、退休/失业/家务人员(OR=1.174 95%CI:1.041~1.324)、心脑血管病史(OR=1.943 95%CI:1.620~2.332)、私营业主/其他人员(OR=1.427 95%CI:1.101~1.850)、超重(OR=1.624 95%CI:1.418~1.859)、肥胖(OR=2.061 95%CI:1.766~2.404)和中心型肥胖(OR=1.931 95%CI:1.733~2.152)均是“三高”共病的危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论

济南市高血压、糖尿病及血脂异常共病患病率较高,高血压合并血脂异常为最主要共病模式,应针对男性、高龄、久坐职业人群、心脑血管病史、超重肥胖人群重点干预。

高血压  /  糖尿病  /  血脂异常  /  共病  /  影响因素
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of comorbidity status of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia (commonly referred to as the “Three Highs”), to identify factors influencing this comorbidity among community-dwelling residents aged 35–75 years in two districts of Jinan City, and to provide scientific evidence to inform targeted and precise management and intervention strategies for local patients with these metabolic comorbidities.

Methods

From September 2016 to June 2022, stratified cluster sampling was used to select residents aged 35–75 years in Licheng District and Zhangqiu District of Jinan. Questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and blood tests were conducted. R 4.2.1 software was used for chi-square test, trend chi-square test, and binaryl logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of “three highs” comorbidity.

Results

A total of 30 214 participants were included, with 12 185 males (40.33%) and 18 029 females (59.67%), and a mean age of (57.97±9.55) years. The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension is 45.39%, that of diabetes mellitus is 22.54%, and that of dyslipidemia is 27.31%. Among them, the standardized comorbidity rate of the “three highs” stands at 5.95%. The highest standardized comorbidity rate is observed in patients with both hypertension and hyperlipidemia, reaching 9.75%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were risk factors for “three highs” comorbidity (all P<0.05): male (OR=1.121 95%CI: 1.028-1.222), older age groups (OR≥1.992 in all age groups); administrative/professional and technical personnel (OR=1.551 95%CI: 1.120-1.989), retired/unemployed/household workers (OR=1.174 95%CI: 1.041-1.324), private business owners/other personnel (OR=1.427 95%CI: 1.101-1.850); history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (OR=1.943 95%CI:1.620-2.332); overweight (OR=1.624 95%CI: 1.418-1.859); obesity (OR=2.016 95%CI: 1.766-2.404); and central obesity (OR=1.931 95%CI:1.733-2.152).

Conclusion

In Jinan City, the comorbidity prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia is relatively high, with hypertension combined with dyslipidemia being the most common comorbidity pattern. Priority interventions should be targeted at males, the elderly, sedentary occupational groups, individuals with a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and overweight/obese individuals.

Hypertension  /  Diabetes  /  Dyslipidemia  /  Comorbidity  /  Influence
马霞, 颛孙宁宁, 王莹, 王庆昌, 徐春晓, 蔡雷琦, 王楠, 王子瑜, 张军. 济南市两区35~75岁居民高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常共病现状及影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (14) : 2538 -2545 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511349
Xia MA, Ning-ning ZHUANSUN, Ying WANG, Qing-chang WANG, Chun-xiao XU, Lei-qi CAI, Nan WANG, Zi-yu WANG, Jun ZHANG. Prevalence and influencing factors of comorbidity of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among residents aged 35-75 years in two districts of Jinan City[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (14) : 2538 -2545 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511349
心血管病(CVD)是全球及我国居民重要死亡原因,发病率因人口老龄化加速、不良生活方式普及等因素影响持续攀升[1-2]。“三高”(高血压、糖尿病及血脂异常)是心血管疾病(CVD)重要危险因素,三者常形成“两高”甚至“三高”并存现象[3],显著增加心血管事件风险及不良预后发生率,严重威胁居民健康与生活质量。研究表明,与血压正常的非糖尿病人群相比,高血压合并糖尿病患者的CVD发生风险明显增高,甚至高达4倍[4]。当前,“三高”相关研究多聚焦单一疾病,难以全面反映共病的复杂性,“三高共管”已被《健康中国行动(2019—2030)》作为核心策略。本研究突破传统单病种研究范式,基于2016—2022年济南市历城区、章丘区心血管病高危人群筛查队列数据,首次系统揭示35~75岁居民“三高”地域特异性共病特征及其影响因素,为区域化“三高”共管策略制定提供基线数据。
研究数据源于中央财政转移支付支持的“心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预”项目,采用分层整群抽样的方法于2016年6月—2022年9月期间在历城区和章丘区开展。兼顾地理位置经济水平、人口学特征等因素,两区的各抽取3~5个乡镇/街道,最后抽取129个社区/村居作为样本调查点,调查所有35~75岁且具有正常交流能力的常住居民。样本量方面:2016年初筛完成≥12 000人,2017—2022年每年完成2 000~3 000人,计划调查30 217人,有效调查30 214人,有效率为99.98%。本研究经中国医学科学院阜外医院伦理委员会审查批准(批号:2014-574),所有调查对象均签署书面知情同意书。
采用统一电子调查问卷,经规范培训的调查员面对面现场调查,内容涵盖人口学特征、烟酒使用情况及疾病史等。其中,吸烟指调查对象目前正在吸烟,包括偶尔吸烟、经常吸烟和每天吸烟[5];饮酒指调查对象饮用白酒、啤酒、葡萄酒或黄酒等≥1次/周[5];疾病史为调查对象自我报告在社区卫生服务中心或乡镇卫生院及以上医疗机构确诊患有某种疾病情况。
身高、体重、腰围及血压的测量经过规范培训的体检人员实施,并计算体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。血压采用欧姆龙HBP-1300型电子血压计(日本欧姆龙有限公司),于调查对象静息状态下测定右臂血压2次,间隔1 min,取两次的平均值为最终的血压值[6]。
调查对象保持空腹≥8 h,采用电化学生物感应法快速检测空腹血糖(Fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)。
①高血压指收缩压在140mmHg及以上和或舒张压在90 mmHg及以上,或已经被诊断为高血压或正在服用降压药物[7];②糖尿病指FPG≥7.0 mmol/L,或自报患糖尿病或服用降糖药物[8];③血脂异常指TC≥6.20 mmol/L或TG≥2.30 mmol/L或LDL-C≥4.10 mmol/L或HDL-C<1.00 mmol/L,或既往服用降脂药物[9];④中心型肥胖指男性腰围≥90 cm、女性腰围≥85 cm[10];⑤BMI<18.5 kg/m2为消瘦,BMI在18.5~23.9 kg/m2为正常,BMI在24.0~27.9 kg/m2为超重,≥28.0 kg/m2为肥胖[10]。
采用R 4.2.1统计软件进行统计分析。计数资料用频数和率表示,组间率的比较采用χ2检验,有序分类资料采用趋势χ2检验;患病率以2010年全国人口普查数据为标准进行标化。以是否有“三高”共病为因变量,纳入单因素分析中差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)的变量为候选自变量,采用二分类logistic回归模型,探讨其对高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常共病状态的独立影响,各变量的具体赋值方式参见表1,检验水准α=0.05。
共纳入30 214名调查对象,其中男性12 185人(40.33%),女性18 029人(59.67%);平均年龄(57.97±9.55),55~59岁人数占比最高(17.84%),农业户口占比70.52%,初中及以下学历91.61%,职业为农民和退休/失业/家务人员占比较大,分别占78.19%和11.75%,其他见表2。
高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常标化患病率45.39%、22.54%和27.31%。“三高”共病模式中,高压+血脂异常最常见(共病标化率9.75%),其次是高血压+糖尿病(标化共病率7.99%)、“三高”(标化共病率5.95%)和糖尿病+血脂异常(标化共病率2.60%)。
高血压+糖尿病、高血压+血脂异常及“三高”的共病率均随年龄增长和BMI的升高呈上升趋势(均P<0.001)。非农户口、中心型肥胖者“三高”各类共病组合患病率均较高(均P<0.05);随着教育程度的提升,高血压+糖尿病、高血压+血脂异常及糖尿病+血脂异常共病率呈上升趋势(均P<0.05);在婚状态的高血压合并糖尿病、高血压+血脂异常及“三高”共病率较高(均P<0.05);家庭收入<5万、饮酒的高血压+糖尿病共病率较高(均P<0.05);有心脑血管病史的高血压+糖尿病、高血压+血脂异常及“三高”共病率显著增加(均P<0.05)。性别分布上,高血压+糖尿病、高血压+血脂异常及“三高”共病率男性高于女性,差异均有统计意义异(均P<0.05)见表3。
多因素logistic回归模型共线性诊断结果显示,容差范围为0.721~0.996(均接近1),方差膨胀因子(VIF)为1.004~1.387(均<10),同时条件指数为26.66;提示自变量间不存在多重共线性。多因素分析结果显示,“三高”共病的危险因素包括男性、年龄、非农户口、心脑血管病史及中心型肥胖。此外,以农民为参照,职业为行政/专业技术人员、退休/失业/家务人员、私营业主/其他人员是“三高”共病的危险因素;以BMI分类为正常为参照,超重或肥胖为“三高”共病的危险因素(P均<0.05),见表4。
研究发现济南市35~75居民高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常标化患病率分别为45.39%、22.54%和27.31%,高于或接近国内多数地区:高血压标化率高于全国(27.5%)[11]及山东省(26.77%)[12];糖尿病标化率高于全国(11.2%)[13];血脂异常标化率与略低于山东省平均水平(35.82%)[12]。济南市“三高”共病模式与南京等地相似但共病率存在地区差别[14-15]:“三高”共病标化率5.95%高于山东省(3.62%)[12]和南京市(4.11%)[14]。两病共患以高血压合并血脂异常为主,标化共病率为9.75%,低于北京某区(11.35%)[16]。高血压+糖尿病共病率7.99%高于南京(3.16%)[14],糖尿病+血脂异常共病率最低(2.60%)。济南市“三高”高患病率由多因素驱动:一是人口老龄化,2018年以来65岁以上户籍人口占比突破14%,中老年群体代谢风险升高且健康管理能力不足;二是生活方式因素,鲁菜高盐高脂传统使居民日均盐(9.2g)、油(31.5g)[17]摄入量远超《中国居民膳食指南》推荐,叠加肥胖;三是医疗筛查能力提升,济南紧密型医联体体系和“三高共管”项目提高筛查覆盖率与检出率。
多因素分析显示,男性“三高”共患病风险为女性的1.121倍,与男性激素水平差异及吸烟、饮酒、职业压力、高盐高脂饮食等不健康生活方式占比更高有关[18-19]。与既往研究一致[14],高龄是“三高”共病的核心驱动因素,患病风险随年龄增长显著升高。鉴于此,临床应针对老年群体规范开展“三高”的筛查与管理,提升规范治疗率,降低心脑血管疾病风险。不同户口类型人群“三高”共病差异,由生活方式、职业特征、代谢状态及自我健康管理能力等多因素共同作用。三高”共病业差异明显,行政/专业技术、退休/失业/家务、私营业主明显高于农民(OR:1.174~1.551),推测可能与与非农职业人群久坐、体力活动不足、应酬性高盐高脂饮食等特征相关。需制定差异化干预策略:包括在职业人群推广工间操;为退休及家务群体提供居家运动指导;对私营业主加强合理膳食宣传等。既往心脑血管事件的患者,发生“三高”的概率增高近1倍(OR=1.943),因此,基层医疗需将此类人群列为重点筛查对象,纳入常态化随访。与既往研究结果一致[20],超重、肥胖及中心型肥胖是“三高”共患的重要驱动因子。本研究超重、肥胖及中心型肥胖“三高”共病风险为正常人群的1.624倍、2.061倍和1.931倍。结合济南市居民高盐高脂膳食特点,需针对性开展减重干预:通过社区科普推广健康体重管理,为个体定制运动减重计划,重点加强中心型肥胖人群的代谢监测。
本研究尚存一定的局限性。一是抽样方法局限,调查对象为分层整群抽样数据精度低于分层随机抽样,可能影响结果的外推性与普适性;二是生活行为方式(如吸烟、饮酒)未量化剂量效应且依赖研究对象自报,可能导致暴露错误分类偏倚和报告偏倚;三是未将饮食因素(油盐摄入量)与服药依从性等指标未采集因素纳入分析范畴,在一定程度上限制了影响因素的分析深度。
综上所述,济南市市高血压、糖尿病及血脂异常共病患病率较高,高血压合并血脂异常为最主要共病模式,男性、高龄、久坐职业人群、心脑血管病史、超重肥胖人群为“三高”共患病的高危人群。基于此,未来需聚焦老龄化、高盐高脂饮食等关键环节,深化“三高共管 六病同防”:针对老年群体强化筛查随访,为高风险职业人群推广工间运动与膳食指导,对超重肥胖者开展减盐控油干预;以基层为核心建立“筛查-治疗-随访”闭环;同时推动餐饮减盐减油、推广营养标签,优化健康生活环境。
  • 济南市卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(2023-公-17)
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2026年第53卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511349
  • 接收时间:2025-11-21
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-21
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济南市卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(2023-公-17)
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    1.济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东 济南 250000
    2.济南市章丘区疾病预防控制中心
    3.山东省疾病预防控制中心

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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