Article(id=1324044541455639022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511171, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762876800000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606418240, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606418240, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606418240, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606418240, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044540067328424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606417910, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670137580, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311799788602160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311799788602161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1370, endPage=1376, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044541841514992, articleId=1324044541455639022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Sleep problems and influencing factors among middle-aged and elderly individuals in ethnic regions of Yunnan, China, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate sleep problems among middle-aged and elderly individuals from ethnic regions in Yunnan Province, China, to identifiy associated factors, and to inform targeted interventions that improve their sleep quality.

Methods

Sleep problems were defined as the occurrence of any of the following: (1) rhythm disorders (e.g., late bedtime, early or late waking); (2) insomnia (e.g., difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, nocturia, or <7 hours’ sleep); or (3) hypersomnia (≥9 hours’ sleep). We conducted a stratified random cluster survey among adults aged≥45 years in 9 prefectures/cities in Yunnan Province. Data on sleep, demographics, physical/mental health, behaviors, and social relationships were collected via a self-developed questionnaire. Logistic regression identified associated factors.

Results

Among 5 180 middle-aged and elderly adults, 76.5% reported sleep problems: insomnia (63.8%), rhythm disorders (36.4%), and hypersomnia (21.3%). The Yao group had the highest rates of insomnia and rhythm disorders; the Lisu group had the highest hypersomnia rate. Logistic regression revealed that women from the Jinuo, Lisu, Wa, Nu, and Bulang groups were significantly more likely to report sleep problems (all P<0.05). Chronic conditions increased likelihood of sleep problems in the Han, Jinuo, Yi, and Lisu groups; frequent pain increased likelihood in the Han, Hani, Zhuang, Yao, Jinuo, Yi, and Bulang groups; depressive symptoms increased likelihood in the Han, Yao, Jinuo, Lisu, Lahu, Wa, Nu, and Bulang groups; lack of social activity in the past 30 days increased likelihood in the Han, Hani, Dai, and Yao groups; and daily smoking was associated with lower likelihood in the Han, Yi, Lisu, and Bulang groups (all P<0.05).

Conclusion

Sleep problems are highly prevalent among the middle-aged and elderly individuals in ethnic regions of Yunnan Province. A multitude of factors, including chronic diseases, pain, depression, and health behaviors, are interrelated. It is imperative to develop precise and differentiated sleep intervention strategies in conjunction with the demographic characteristics and health indicators of ethnic groups.

, authors=Tan-zhen ZHANG, Hai-xing JIAO, Rong LI, Chao-fang YAN, Yuan HUANG, Rui DENG, authorsList=Tan-zhen ZHANG, Hai-xing JIAO, Rong LI, Chao-fang YAN, Yuan HUANG, Rui DENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Rui DENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044546010653174, articleId=1324044541455639022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=云南民族地区中老年人睡眠问题调查及影响因素研究, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

本研究旨在调查云南民族地区中老年人的睡眠问题现状,探索其潜在影响因素,为构建具有针对性的干预策略,改善不同民族中老年人的睡眠质量提供科学依据。

方法

研究将睡眠问题定义为节律紊乱(熬夜、早醒、晚起)、失眠(入睡困难、多次醒、多次起夜、睡眠时长<7 h)、嗜睡(睡眠时长≥9 h)任一出现。对云南省9个州(市)≥45岁人群实施分层随机整群抽样,以自编问卷收集睡眠、人口学、身心状况、行为与社会关系变量,采用logistic回归分析影响因素。

结果

在5 180名中老年人中,睡眠问题检出率76.54%,以失眠(63.82%)、节律紊乱(36.37%)和嗜睡(21.25%)依次递减;瑶族节律紊乱与失眠居首,傈僳族嗜睡最突出。logistic回归提示,基诺族、傈僳族、佤族、怒族和布朗族的女性更容易发生睡眠问题(均P<0.05);汉族、基诺族、彝族和傈僳族中患有慢性病的中老年人发生睡眠问题的可能性更大(均P<0.05);经常疼痛是影响汉族、哈尼族、壮族、瑶族、基诺族、彝族和布朗族睡眠的主要因素(均P<0.05);存在抑郁症状的汉族、瑶族、基诺族、傈僳族、拉祜族、佤族、怒族、布朗族更易发生睡眠问题(均P<0.05);近30天内无社交活动的汉族、哈尼族、傣族、瑶族也易发生睡眠问题(均P<0.05)。每天吸烟的汉族、彝族、傈僳族和布朗族更少出现睡眠问题(均P<0.05)。

结论

云南民族地区中老年人睡眠问题突出,慢性病、疼痛、抑郁与健康行为等多因素交织,需结合民族人口学特征与健康指标,制定精准化、差异化睡眠干预策略。

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张潭真(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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邓睿,E-mail:
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Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2019, 10: 628., articleTitle=Positive and negative affect mediate the influences of a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy on sleep quality, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324044553568789035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, awardId=2024CX08, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2024CX08), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324044553652675116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, awardId=202401AY070001-063, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省科技厅-昆明医科大学应用基础研究联合专项资金面上项目(202401AY070001-063), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324044553723978285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, awardId=202401AT070178, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省基础研究计划(202401AT070178), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324044546283282935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044546379751928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, companyId=1324044546283282935, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044546392334841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, companyId=1324044546283282935, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650500)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324044551077372449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Analysis of sleep influencing factors in Han and ethnic minority populations using logistic regression [OR (95%)CI], figureFileSmall=8PAxqORvgtm19IV+fb3D6w==, figureFileBig=oThgAliSkiDxL1JOI8Fu7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044551152869922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, language=CN, label=图1, caption=汉族和少数民族睡眠影响因素logistic回归分析[OR(95%)CI], figureFileSmall=8PAxqORvgtm19IV+fb3D6w==, figureFileBig=oThgAliSkiDxL1JOI8Fu7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044551320642083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Analysis of sleep influencing factors among various ethnic groups using logistic regression [OR (95%CI)], figureFileSmall=ROe38b8TjhnEO/rOQ3fpcQ==, figureFileBig=uvHeeTLOTzSkLUDvApMpDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044551396139556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各民族睡眠影响因素logistic回归分析[OR(95%)CI], figureFileSmall=ROe38b8TjhnEO/rOQ3fpcQ==, figureFileBig=uvHeeTLOTzSkLUDvApMpDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044551467442725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Coding of independent variables for multivariate logistic regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度变量赋值
基本人口学特征性别1=男,2=女
年龄(岁)1=45~59,2=60~74,3=≥75
常住地1=城市,2=农村
婚姻状况1=未婚/离婚/丧偶/其他,2=在婚
受教育程度1=文盲,2=小学及读完小学,3=初中及以上
职业1=公务员/企事业行管人员/专业技术人员/离退休人员,2=工人,3=农民,4=个体户/自由职业,5=待业/无业/其他
家庭总月收入(元)1=<3 000,2=≥3 000
身体健康状况BMI分级1=过瘦,2=正常,3=超重,4=肥胖
患慢性病数量(种)1=0,2=1,3=≥2
近两周出现生病1=是,0=否
日常生活能力受损1=无受损,2=轻度受损,3=重度受损
认知功能受损1=是,0=否
衰弱1=是,0=否
经常发生疼痛1=是,0=否
心理健康状况抑郁1=是,0=否
近30天内感到紧张/焦虑1=是,0=否
健康相关行为吸烟1=每天吸,2=不是每天吸,3=以前吸,但现在不吸(超过2年),4=以前吸,但现在不吸(未超过2年),0=否
饮酒(过去12个月内)1=是,0=否
每周锻炼情况1=不活跃,2=不足,3=达标,4=高度活跃
久坐1=轻度,2=中度,3=重度
社会关系近30天内有无社交活动1=是,0=否
独居1=是,0=否
SSRS水平1=低水平,2=中水平,3=高水平
), ArticleFig(id=1324044551555523110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

多因素logistic回归分析自变量赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度变量赋值
基本人口学特征性别1=男,2=女
年龄(岁)1=45~59,2=60~74,3=≥75
常住地1=城市,2=农村
婚姻状况1=未婚/离婚/丧偶/其他,2=在婚
受教育程度1=文盲,2=小学及读完小学,3=初中及以上
职业1=公务员/企事业行管人员/专业技术人员/离退休人员,2=工人,3=农民,4=个体户/自由职业,5=待业/无业/其他
家庭总月收入(元)1=<3 000,2=≥3 000
身体健康状况BMI分级1=过瘦,2=正常,3=超重,4=肥胖
患慢性病数量(种)1=0,2=1,3=≥2
近两周出现生病1=是,0=否
日常生活能力受损1=无受损,2=轻度受损,3=重度受损
认知功能受损1=是,0=否
衰弱1=是,0=否
经常发生疼痛1=是,0=否
心理健康状况抑郁1=是,0=否
近30天内感到紧张/焦虑1=是,0=否
健康相关行为吸烟1=每天吸,2=不是每天吸,3=以前吸,但现在不吸(超过2年),4=以前吸,但现在不吸(未超过2年),0=否
饮酒(过去12个月内)1=是,0=否
每周锻炼情况1=不活跃,2=不足,3=达标,4=高度活跃
久坐1=轻度,2=中度,3=重度
社会关系近30天内有无社交活动1=是,0=否
独居1=是,0=否
SSRS水平1=低水平,2=中水平,3=高水平
), ArticleFig(id=1324044551635214887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic demographic characteristics of the survey subjects [n (%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数(N)构成比(%)
性别
男2 26143.65
女2 91956.35
年龄
45~59岁2 12340.98
60~74岁2 33545.08
75岁及以上72213.94
民族
汉族2 55345.29
少数民族2 62754.71
常住地
城镇2 10840.69
农村3 07259.31
婚姻状况
在婚3 98576.93
未婚/离婚/丧偶/其他1 19523.07
受教育程度
文盲1 79534.65
小学及未读完小学2 02339.05
初中及以上1 36226.29
职业
公务员/企事业行管人员/专业技术人员/离退休人员78215.10
工人2474.77
农民3 30563.80
个体户/自由职业3456.66
待业/无业/其他5019.67
家庭总月收入
<3 0002 25843.59
≥3 0002 92256.41
), ArticleFig(id=1324044551702323752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

调查对象的基本人口学特征[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数(N)构成比(%)
性别
男2 26143.65
女2 91956.35
年龄
45~59岁2 12340.98
60~74岁2 33545.08
75岁及以上72213.94
民族
汉族2 55345.29
少数民族2 62754.71
常住地
城镇2 10840.69
农村3 07259.31
婚姻状况
在婚3 98576.93
未婚/离婚/丧偶/其他1 19523.07
受教育程度
文盲1 79534.65
小学及未读完小学2 02339.05
初中及以上1 36226.29
职业
公务员/企事业行管人员/专业技术人员/离退休人员78215.10
工人2474.77
农民3 30563.80
个体户/自由职业3456.66
待业/无业/其他5019.67
家庭总月收入
<3 0002 25843.59
≥3 0002 92256.41
), ArticleFig(id=1324044551798792745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Incidence of sleep problems among middle-aged and elderly individuals across ethnic groups (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人群(n=5 180)汉族(n=2 553)哈尼族(n=413)傣族(n=411)壮族(n=262)瑶族(n=262)基诺族(n=240)
睡眠问题发生率76.5480.2669.9878.1070.6178.2472.08
标准化睡眠情况发生率标准化组71.3579.0271.1679.7772.09
各睡眠情况发生率
节律紊乱36.3746.3424.9437.4712.6053.0515.83
标准化后标准化组24.6339.1812.8453.4316.95
失眠63.8270.9453.5161.8047.3375.9556.25
标准化后标准化组55.7261.6247.8877.7757.34
嗜睡21.2517.1622.5222.6337.795.3425.83
标准化后标准化组21.9225.3038.265.4724.27
变量彝族(n=225)傈僳族(n=220)拉祜族(n=161)佤族(n=149)怒族(n=145)布朗族(n=139)
睡眠问题发生率79.1177.2767.7071.1465.5261.15
标准化睡眠情况发生率78.8076.3571.3075.5163.0463.62
各睡眠情况发生率
节律紊乱40.8917.2719.2522.1511.0317.27
标准化后40.8717.0924.4430.2812.4519.63
失眠68.0052.2748.4556.3846.9046.04
标准化后67.7851.7253.3662.8543.9748.33
嗜睡22.6745.0027.3322.8229.6622.30
标准化后22.8043.4426.3829.9728.6021.95
), ArticleFig(id=1324044551874290218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044541455639022, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同民族中老年人的睡眠问题发生现状(%)

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变量总人群(n=5 180)汉族(n=2 553)哈尼族(n=413)傣族(n=411)壮族(n=262)瑶族(n=262)基诺族(n=240)
睡眠问题发生率76.5480.2669.9878.1070.6178.2472.08
标准化睡眠情况发生率标准化组71.3579.0271.1679.7772.09
各睡眠情况发生率
节律紊乱36.3746.3424.9437.4712.6053.0515.83
标准化后标准化组24.6339.1812.8453.4316.95
失眠63.8270.9453.5161.8047.3375.9556.25
标准化后标准化组55.7261.6247.8877.7757.34
嗜睡21.2517.1622.5222.6337.795.3425.83
标准化后标准化组21.9225.3038.265.4724.27
变量彝族(n=225)傈僳族(n=220)拉祜族(n=161)佤族(n=149)怒族(n=145)布朗族(n=139)
睡眠问题发生率79.1177.2767.7071.1465.5261.15
标准化睡眠情况发生率78.8076.3571.3075.5163.0463.62
各睡眠情况发生率
节律紊乱40.8917.2719.2522.1511.0317.27
标准化后40.8717.0924.4430.2812.4519.63
失眠68.0052.2748.4556.3846.9046.04
标准化后67.7851.7253.3662.8543.9748.33
嗜睡22.6745.0027.3322.8229.6622.30
标准化后22.8043.4426.3829.9728.6021.95
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云南民族地区中老年人睡眠问题调查及影响因素研究
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张潭真 , 焦海星 , 李戎 , 严朝芳 , 黄源 , 邓睿
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(8): 1370-1376
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (8) : 1370 -1376
云南民族地区中老年人睡眠问题调查及影响因素研究
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张潭真, 焦海星, 李戎, 严朝芳, 黄源, 邓睿
作者信息
  • 昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650500
通讯作者:
邓睿,E-mail:
作者简介:

张潭真(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

Sleep problems and influencing factors among middle-aged and elderly individuals in ethnic regions of Yunnan, China
Tan-zhen ZHANG, Hai-xing JIAO, Rong LI, Chao-fang YAN, Yuan HUANG, Rui DENG
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511171
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目的

本研究旨在调查云南民族地区中老年人的睡眠问题现状,探索其潜在影响因素,为构建具有针对性的干预策略,改善不同民族中老年人的睡眠质量提供科学依据。

方法

研究将睡眠问题定义为节律紊乱(熬夜、早醒、晚起)、失眠(入睡困难、多次醒、多次起夜、睡眠时长<7 h)、嗜睡(睡眠时长≥9 h)任一出现。对云南省9个州(市)≥45岁人群实施分层随机整群抽样,以自编问卷收集睡眠、人口学、身心状况、行为与社会关系变量,采用logistic回归分析影响因素。

结果

在5 180名中老年人中,睡眠问题检出率76.54%,以失眠(63.82%)、节律紊乱(36.37%)和嗜睡(21.25%)依次递减;瑶族节律紊乱与失眠居首,傈僳族嗜睡最突出。logistic回归提示,基诺族、傈僳族、佤族、怒族和布朗族的女性更容易发生睡眠问题(均P<0.05);汉族、基诺族、彝族和傈僳族中患有慢性病的中老年人发生睡眠问题的可能性更大(均P<0.05);经常疼痛是影响汉族、哈尼族、壮族、瑶族、基诺族、彝族和布朗族睡眠的主要因素(均P<0.05);存在抑郁症状的汉族、瑶族、基诺族、傈僳族、拉祜族、佤族、怒族、布朗族更易发生睡眠问题(均P<0.05);近30天内无社交活动的汉族、哈尼族、傣族、瑶族也易发生睡眠问题(均P<0.05)。每天吸烟的汉族、彝族、傈僳族和布朗族更少出现睡眠问题(均P<0.05)。

结论

云南民族地区中老年人睡眠问题突出,慢性病、疼痛、抑郁与健康行为等多因素交织,需结合民族人口学特征与健康指标,制定精准化、差异化睡眠干预策略。

云南省  /  民族  /  睡眠问题  /  影响因素分析
Objective

To investigate sleep problems among middle-aged and elderly individuals from ethnic regions in Yunnan Province, China, to identifiy associated factors, and to inform targeted interventions that improve their sleep quality.

Methods

Sleep problems were defined as the occurrence of any of the following: (1) rhythm disorders (e.g., late bedtime, early or late waking); (2) insomnia (e.g., difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, nocturia, or <7 hours’ sleep); or (3) hypersomnia (≥9 hours’ sleep). We conducted a stratified random cluster survey among adults aged≥45 years in 9 prefectures/cities in Yunnan Province. Data on sleep, demographics, physical/mental health, behaviors, and social relationships were collected via a self-developed questionnaire. Logistic regression identified associated factors.

Results

Among 5 180 middle-aged and elderly adults, 76.5% reported sleep problems: insomnia (63.8%), rhythm disorders (36.4%), and hypersomnia (21.3%). The Yao group had the highest rates of insomnia and rhythm disorders; the Lisu group had the highest hypersomnia rate. Logistic regression revealed that women from the Jinuo, Lisu, Wa, Nu, and Bulang groups were significantly more likely to report sleep problems (all P<0.05). Chronic conditions increased likelihood of sleep problems in the Han, Jinuo, Yi, and Lisu groups; frequent pain increased likelihood in the Han, Hani, Zhuang, Yao, Jinuo, Yi, and Bulang groups; depressive symptoms increased likelihood in the Han, Yao, Jinuo, Lisu, Lahu, Wa, Nu, and Bulang groups; lack of social activity in the past 30 days increased likelihood in the Han, Hani, Dai, and Yao groups; and daily smoking was associated with lower likelihood in the Han, Yi, Lisu, and Bulang groups (all P<0.05).

Conclusion

Sleep problems are highly prevalent among the middle-aged and elderly individuals in ethnic regions of Yunnan Province. A multitude of factors, including chronic diseases, pain, depression, and health behaviors, are interrelated. It is imperative to develop precise and differentiated sleep intervention strategies in conjunction with the demographic characteristics and health indicators of ethnic groups.

Yunnan Province  /  Ethnic minorities  /  Sleep problems  /  Analysis of influencing factors
张潭真, 焦海星, 李戎, 严朝芳, 黄源, 邓睿. 云南民族地区中老年人睡眠问题调查及影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1370 -1376 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511171
Tan-zhen ZHANG, Hai-xing JIAO, Rong LI, Chao-fang YAN, Yuan HUANG, Rui DENG. Sleep problems and influencing factors among middle-aged and elderly individuals in ethnic regions of Yunnan, China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1370 -1376 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511171
睡眠是维系身心健康不可或缺的生理环节[1]。随着现代生活节奏加快、工作学习压力增大等生活方式的改变,越来越多的人出现睡眠问题[2]。睡眠问题(sleep problems)是指机体昼夜节律的稳态失衡,从而引发过度觉醒、睡眠时长减少等表现,最终导致日间困倦或机体功能受损[3]。研究表明,中老年群体由于生理机能退化[4]、慢性病增多[5]等因素,更易引发睡眠问题,损害其认知与代谢功能,加剧慢病与照护负担[6]。当前,睡眠问题已成为中老年群体的普遍健康挑战,泰国[7]、英国[8]等多国报道显示,约有35.91%~54.7%的中老年人受睡眠问题困扰。中国中老年人睡眠不足检出率为57.1%[9],西部地区老年人睡眠障碍患病率为43%~47%[10],少数民族老年人的睡眠研究亦显示48.4%存在睡眠障碍[11]。
睡眠问题已引发政府和学界的高度关注。2019年《健康中国行动(2019—2030)》首次将睡眠作为量化指标纳入“心理健康促进行动”[12];2025年,国家卫生健康委《关于实施2025年卫生健康系统为民服务实事项目的通知》,要求每个地市至少有1家医院提供睡眠门诊服务。在学术界,已有学者对北京[13]、上海[14]等东部地区多年龄段的人群展开睡眠调查,而西部中老年人睡眠问题的调查不多见,尤其是民族地区的相关研究。本研究以云南民族地区的中老年人为调查对象,对其睡眠节律紊乱、失眠和嗜睡三类问题进行调查研究,并探索潜在的影响因素,为构建精准干预策略、改善不同民族中老年人睡眠质量提供依据。
云南民族地区,年龄≥45岁的常住居民。纳入标准:在当地居住3个月以上;具有一定的交流能力,能理解并配合调查;自愿参与,签署知情同意书。排除标准:存在语言理解困难、严重聋哑等情况。
本研究为横断面研究,于2022年7月—2025年1月间进行。采用分层随机整群抽样:第一阶段根据地理位置和民族人口分布情况,从东、中、西部抽取昆明市、红河哈尼族彝族自治州、文山壮族苗族自治州、楚雄彝族自治州、昭通市、临沧市、保山市、西双版纳傣族自治州和怒江傈僳族自治州9个州(市)作为调查地,第二阶段在每个州(市)内随机抽取1个县;第三阶段在每个县内随机选取1~2个乡镇;第四阶段在每个乡镇内随机选取1~2个行政村。最后,在每个行政村内调查当日所有≥45岁的居民。
既往Meta分析显示,中国西部老年人睡眠障碍患病率为43%~47%[10]。取p=0.43作为患病率,采用横断面调查样本量估算公式:
其中容许误差δ设为0.05,Zα/2=1.96,代入公式得单调查点最小样本量n=377例,9个调查点至少需要3 393例。
研究通过昆明医科大学医学伦理委员会审查批准(批号:KMMU2022MEC027)。
采用自制问卷进行调查,内容包括基本人口学特征、身心健康状况、健康相关行为和社会关系。系统参考国内外睡眠研究的成熟指标体系[15]设计筛查问卷条目池,并结合专家意见及权威指南对条目进行优化,确保内容效度。将睡眠问题划分为熬夜、早醒、晚起、入睡困难、夜间多次醒、多次起夜、睡眠时长<7 h和睡眠时长≥9 h 8类。根据《国际疾病和有关健康问题的统计分类(ICD-10)》和《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(CCMD-3)》,睡眠问题指过去30天内出现睡眠节律紊乱、失眠、嗜睡中的任意1种[16-17]。其中①节律紊乱指出现熬夜(每周至少3天就寝时间超过凌晨12点)、早醒(每周至少3天出现早醒)、晚起(每周至少3天觉醒时间显著延迟)中任意1种;②失眠指出现入睡困难(每周至少3天卧床后超过30分钟无法入睡)、夜间多次醒(每周至少3天夜间频繁觉醒)、多次起夜(每周至少3天夜间频繁起夜)、每周至少3天单天睡眠时长<7h中任意1种;③嗜睡指每周至少3天存在单天睡眠时长≥9 h。
正式调查前,课题组开展了40人的预调查。结果显示受访者配合度良好,问卷理解无障碍,平均完成时间30~40分钟。问卷各维度的Cronbach α系数为0.81~0.91,内部一致性良好。
采用EpiData 3.1进行数据录入和逻辑核查,StataMP 17对调查数据进行统计描述和分析。采用频数和构成比[N(%)]对调查对象的人口学特征进行统计描述。为消除年龄结构差异的影响,以汉族年龄结构为参照,采用直接标准化法[18]对各民族睡眠问题发生率进行标准化。根据纳入了22项中老年女性睡眠质量及其影响因素研究的Meta分析[19],将睡眠问题的影响因素分为基本人口学特征、身心健康状况、健康相关行为和社会关系五类,共23个,自变量赋值见表1。最终效应量用表格和森林图对比值比(Odds Ratio,OR)及其95%置信区间(95% Confidence Interval,95%CI)呈现。所有显著性检验均以双侧α=0.05为检验水准。
研究最终纳入5 180名中老年人进行分析,包括汉族(2 553,45.29%)和11个少数民族(哈尼族、傣族、壮族、瑶族、基诺族、彝族、傈僳族、拉祜族、佤族、怒族和布朗族)。具体人口学特征见表2。
总体睡眠问题发生率为76.54%。其中三类睡眠问题中,失眠问题的发生率最高,为63.82%,其次是节律紊乱(36.37%)和嗜睡问题(21.25%)。其中节律紊乱与失眠发生率均以瑶族(标准化后发生率为53.45%和77.77%)最高,嗜睡则以傈僳族(标准化后发生率为43.44%)最突出,见表3。
以中老年人是否出现睡眠问题作为因变量(是=“1”,否=“0”),基本人口学特征等23个变量作为自变量,采用logistic回归,对不同民族睡眠问题的影响因素进行差异化分析。结果显示,婚姻状况、BMI等因素与结局无显著关联,限于篇幅,图1和图2仅展示与结局显著相关的因素。
研究发现,汉族中60~74岁(OR=1.54)、≥75岁(OR=2.33)、患慢性病数量为1种(OR=1.95)、患慢性病数量≥2种(OR=2.46)、存在衰弱(OR=2.67)、经常发生疼痛(OR=2.16)、存在抑郁(OR=4.63)和近30天内无社交活动(OR=1.44)的中老年人睡眠问题发生率更高(均P<0.05);每天吸烟(OR=0.72)的中老年人睡眠问题发生率较低(P<0.05)。少数民族中女性(OR=1.69)、60~74岁(OR=1.50)、≥75岁(OR=1.91)、患慢性病数量为1种(OR=1.30)、患慢性病数量≥2种(OR=2.00)、存在衰弱(OR=1.40)、经常发生疼痛(OR=1.71)、存在抑郁(OR=3.27)和近30天内无社交活动(OR=1.60)的中老年人与睡眠问题发生率高相关(均P<0.05);每天吸烟(OR=0.65)的中老年人与睡眠问题发生率低相关(P<0.05)。详见图1。
基本人口学特征方面,基诺族(OR=3.26)、傈僳族(OR=2.68)、佤族(OR=3.00)、怒族(OR=2.41)和布朗族(OR=2.34)的女性出现睡眠问题的几率显著增加(均P<0.05);汉族(OR=1.54)和傣族(OR=2.13)的60~74岁的老年人睡眠问题发生率更高(均P<0.05);≥75岁的汉族老年人与睡眠问题发生率呈显著正相关(OR=2.33,P<0.05)。
身体健康状况方面,汉族(OR=2.46)、基诺族(OR=8.24)、彝族(OR=2.56)和傈僳族(OR=3.54)中患慢性病数量在两种及以上的中老年人发生睡眠问题的几率更高(均P<0.05);经常发生疼痛与汉族(OR=2.16)、傣族(OR=1.81)、壮族(OR=1.88)、瑶族(OR=3.13)、基诺族(OR=1.96)、彝族(OR=2.91)和布朗族(OR=4.18)的中老年人的睡眠问题存在统计学关联(均P<0.05)。
心理健康状况方面,存在抑郁症状在汉族(OR=4.63)、瑶族(OR=5.36)、基诺族(OR=4.65)、傈僳族(OR=3.30)、拉祜族(OR=9.42)、佤族(OR=2.93)、怒族(OR=3.84)和布朗族(OR=6.33)的中老年人中与睡眠问题呈显著正相关(均P<0.05)。
健康相关行为方面,研究发现每天吸烟的汉族(OR=0.72)、彝族(OR=0.36)、傈僳族(OR=0.25)和布朗族(OR=0.40)的中老年人睡眠问题发生率较低(均P<0.05);
社会关系方面,近30天内无社交活动的汉族(OR=1.44)、哈尼族(OR=2.13)、傣族(OR=2.05)和瑶族(OR=2.39)的中老年人与睡眠问题发生率高相关(均P<0.05)。详见图2。
本研究显示,云南民族地区的总体睡眠问题发生率为76.54%,高于2025年中国睡眠研究报告发布的65.91%[3]。其中,失眠最常见(63.82%),显著高于节律紊乱(36.37%)和嗜睡(21.25%)。节律紊乱与失眠发生率均以瑶族最高,嗜睡则以傈僳族最为突出。
多因素分析显示,各民族中老年睡眠问题的影响因素并不一致。在基诺、傈僳等5个民族中,女性睡眠问题的发生率显著高于男性,与既往研究相符[20]。民族女性因承担农业劳动、家务等多重负荷,易引发颈肩劳损[21]等不适,进而间接影响睡眠质量。此外,汉族和傣族表现为睡眠问题发生率随增龄而出现明显升高,其机制可能是老年人夜间褪黑素分泌延迟、生物钟调控基因表达减弱,导致深度睡眠结构与连续性受损[22]。
身体健康方面,汉、彝等4个民族中,患有1种及以上慢性病的中老年人睡眠问题发生率更高。多项研究表明慢性病与睡眠问题互为因果:慢性病可加快机体衰退、降低应激阈值,诱发或加重失眠;而睡眠过长(>7.46 h)或过短(<7.46 h)也会增加慢性病患病风险[23]。此外,衰弱老年人睡眠问题发生率显著升高,可能与衰弱导致生物钟紊乱、慢性应激引发过度觉醒有关[24]。
本研究还显示,在汉、哈尼等7个民族中,经常疼痛的中老年人与睡眠问题高发生率相关。Finan[25]等人以生物-心理-社会框架整合疼痛致眠差的机制进行解释:在生物层面,疼痛激活交感-下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴致皮质醇升高,推迟褪黑素相位并增强觉醒系统;在心理层面,疼痛诱发抑郁等负性情绪,延长入睡潜伏期;在社会层面,疼痛限制活动致昼夜节律后移。
心理健康方面,瑶、基诺等8个民族伴抑郁症状的中老年人睡眠问题显著升高。负性情绪可激活神经—内分泌轴与炎症反应,加之对睡眠问题的过度担忧及反复负性思维导致高觉醒,引发入睡困难、频繁夜醒等[26]。同时,部分民族对抑郁存在病耻感,常将其归为“想不开”而延误就医,进一步影响睡眠[27]。
本研究还提示,社会关系对睡眠的影响存在民族差异。哈尼、傣等4个民族中,缺乏社交活动者睡眠问题更多,可能与孤独感、负性情绪导致昼夜节律紊乱、入睡困难等有关[28],而民族集体节庆可通过社交支持与情绪宣泄缓解心理压力,改善睡眠[29]。
本研究发现每日吸烟与低睡眠问题发生率相关,与既往研究不一致[20],可能与我国中老年人吸烟常伴社交活动有关[30],社交可通过降低孤独感改善睡眠[31-32]。
综上,云南民族地区中老年人睡眠问题突出,慢性病、疼痛、抑郁与健康行为等多因素交织,需结合民族人口学特征与健康指标,制定精准化、差异化睡眠干预策略。本研究存在局限:横断面设计无法确定因果关系,数据源于主观报告;未来可开展纵向研究深入验证,并结合客观测量方法进一步完善。
  • 云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2024CX08)
  • 云南省科技厅-昆明医科大学应用基础研究联合专项资金面上项目(202401AY070001-063)
  • 云南省基础研究计划(202401AT070178)
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2026年第53卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202511171
  • 接收时间:2025-11-12
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-12
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云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2024CX08)
云南省科技厅-昆明医科大学应用基础研究联合专项资金面上项目(202401AY070001-063)
云南省基础研究计划(202401AT070178)
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    昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650500

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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