Article(id=1324077514443862374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510306, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760889600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614279613, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614279613, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614279613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614279613, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077443828560770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614262778, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614352085, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1195, endPage=1201, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077514712297831, articleId=1324077514443862374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Estimating the excess incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024 using the adjusted Serfling regression model, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To use the adjusted Serfling regression model to estimate the excess epidemic periods and excess case numbers of hand, foot, and mouth disease in various age groups in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024, providing a scientific basis for optimizing prevention and control strategies and conducting disease burden assessments.

Methods

Using the weekly incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024, an adjusted Serfling regression model was established to estimate the baseline and epidemic threshold of the disease by age group, identify periods of excess epidemic, and calculate the number of excess cases.

Results

From 2015 to 2024, a total of 642 903 cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) were reported in Shenzhen. The periods of excess incidence were predominantly concentrated between May and July. Across the entire population, these excess-incidence periods spanned a total of 89 weeks, with a weekly average of 1 422 excess cases, accounting for 35.11% of all reported cases. By age group, the weekly average numbers of excess cases were 802, 601, 261, and 131 for the 0-3 year, 3-6 year, 6-9 year, and >9 year groups, respectively. The corresponding proportions of excess cases relative to total cases in each group were 41.03%, 40.36%, 44.57%, and 46.03%, respectively. Furthermore, the 0-3 year age group consistently experienced an earlier onset of excess-incidence periods compared to other age groups, and both the duration of these periods and the average number of weekly excess cases were higher in this group than in all others.

Conclusion

The adjusted Serfling regression model provided a good fit for the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen. Children under 6 years of age bore the highest disease burden, and implementing surveillance and early warning systems specifically targeting children aged 0-3 years could effectively shift the early warning threshold forward.

, authors=Wen-hai LU1, Li-xia SONG2, Ni-xuan CHEN2, Xiao-jie KONG3, Qiu-ying LU2, Ting-ting LIU2, Yan LU2, Bi-kun YU1, Zhen ZHANG2, Zhi-gao CHEN2, authorsList=Wen-hai LU, Li-xia SONG, Ni-xuan CHEN, Xiao-jie KONG, Qiu-ying LU, Ting-ting LIU, Yan LU, Bi-kun YU, Zhen ZHANG, Zhi-gao CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhi-gao CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077516415185270, articleId=1324077514443862374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=运用调整Serfling回归模型估计深圳市2015—2024年手足口病超额发病数, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

运用调整Serfling回归模型估算深圳市2015—2024年各年龄组手足口病超额流行期及超额病例数,为优化手足口病防控策略和开展疾病负担评估提供科学依据。

方法

利用2015—2024年深圳市手足口病周发病数,建立调整Serfling回归模型,分年龄组估算手足口病基线、流行阈值,判断超额流行期,计算超额发病数。

结果

2015—2024年深圳市累积报告手足口病642 903例,超额流行期主要集中于5—7月。全人群超额流行期共计89周,周平均超额病例数为1 422例,占实际病例数35.11%。0~3岁、3~6岁、6~9岁和>9岁年龄组周平均超额病例数分别为802、601、261和131例,超额占比分别为41.03%、40.36%、44.57%、46.03%。此外,0~<3岁组超额流行期开始时间普遍早于其他年龄组,其持续时间及平均超额病例数也高于其他年龄组。

结论

调整Serfling回归模型可较好的拟合深圳市手足口病发病数,6岁以下儿童疾病负担最重,对0~<3岁幼儿开展监测预警可将预警关口前移。

, authors=卢文海1, 宋丽霞2, 陈霓璇2, 孔校杰3, 吕秋莹2, 刘婷婷2, 路滟2, 于碧鲲1, 张振2, 陈志高2, authorsList=卢文海, 宋丽霞, 陈霓璇, 孔校杰, 吕秋莹, 刘婷婷, 路滟, 于碧鲲, 张振, 陈志高, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈志高, authorNote=

卢文海与宋丽霞为共同第一作者

卢文海(1994—),男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:传染病流行病学

宋丽霞(1993—),女,本科,主管医师,研究方向:传染病流行病学

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陈志高,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=qi4lQS0A2EPfcFP/20frjg==, magXml=zrPcih+ZJnupZ8GO2hTnpQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=mCDpi4jn9cLRUvcYaEKzpA==, pdfFileSize=1055253, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TDDB6G7T+MOvUaUBFcpbEA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=In2VMx8p79gUCNgZzFrtnw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324077518554280319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077514443862374, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324077518646555009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077514443862374, authorId=1324077518554280319, language=EN, stringName=Wen-hai LU, firstName=Wen-hai, middleName=null, lastName=LU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=Department of Disease Control, Pingdi Public Health Service Center, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518117, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324077518768189826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077514443862374, authorId=1324077518554280319, language=CN, stringName=卢文海, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.深圳市龙岗区坪地公共卫生服务中心疾控部,广东 深圳 518117, bio={"content":"

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Fitting results of the Serfling regression model for the adjusted weekly HFMD case numbers in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型/变量截距项tt2
全人群
系数913.320-0.097-0.002-153.532-749.819-250.086336.104
标准误52.4860.6750.00228.41326.74725.37627.974
t值17.401-0.144-1.263-5.404-28.034-9.85512.015
P值<0.0010.8860.208<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
0~<3岁
系数399.2810.659-0.003-96.504-354.237-64.234158.466
标准误24.0730.2950.00112.94512.36410.88412.737
t值16.5862.235-4.44-7.455-28.651-5.90212.441
P值<0.0010.026<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
3~<6岁
系数228.9130.321-0.001-13.370-189.839-126.60489.623
标准误16.5290.2130.0018.7698.5138.1528.725
t值13.8491.508-1.633-1.525-22.299-15.53110.272
P值<0.0010.1330.1040.128<0.001<0.001<0.001
6~9岁
系数31.638-0.003<0.001-4.463-33.916-13.92815.179
标准误2.6870.035<0.0011.3671.4561.3521.435
t值11.775-0.0882.42-3.265-23.291-10.30210.577
P值<0.0010.9300.0160.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
>9岁
系数13.3670.063<0.001-9.024-17.863-6.5007.449
标准误2.2360.028<0.0011.0661.0581.0231.055
t值5.9772.250.066-8.463-16.877-6.3547.063
P值<0.0010.0250.947<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077524434694590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077514443862374, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2015—2024年深圳市手足口病周病例数调整Serfling回归模型拟合结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型/变量截距项tt2
全人群
系数913.320-0.097-0.002-153.532-749.819-250.086336.104
标准误52.4860.6750.00228.41326.74725.37627.974
t值17.401-0.144-1.263-5.404-28.034-9.85512.015
P值<0.0010.8860.208<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
0~<3岁
系数399.2810.659-0.003-96.504-354.237-64.234158.466
标准误24.0730.2950.00112.94512.36410.88412.737
t值16.5862.235-4.44-7.455-28.651-5.90212.441
P值<0.0010.026<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
3~<6岁
系数228.9130.321-0.001-13.370-189.839-126.60489.623
标准误16.5290.2130.0018.7698.5138.1528.725
t值13.8491.508-1.633-1.525-22.299-15.53110.272
P值<0.0010.1330.1040.128<0.001<0.001<0.001
6~9岁
系数31.638-0.003<0.001-4.463-33.916-13.92815.179
标准误2.6870.035<0.0011.3671.4561.3521.435
t值11.775-0.0882.42-3.265-23.291-10.30210.577
P值<0.0010.9300.0160.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
>9岁
系数13.3670.063<0.001-9.024-17.863-6.5007.449
标准误2.2360.028<0.0011.0661.0581.0231.055
t值5.9772.250.066-8.463-16.877-6.3547.063
P值<0.0010.0250.947<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077524526969279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077514443862374, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Excess epidemic conditions of HFMD among different age groups in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组(岁)年份(年)流行周(周)持续时(周)平均超额病例数(95%CI)超额占比(%,95%CI)
总人群201521~255303(20~587)10.17(2.01~18.32)
201537~415419(187~651)23.03(12.77~33.29)
201617~20,225559(0~1 243)17.73(0~37.54)
201637~4711492(234~749)24.71(15.78~33.63)
201736~4382 248(1 053~3 442)56.77(39.62~73.92)
201820~234957(0~1 944)26.85(3.33~50.37)
201836~438975(250~1 700)36.45(17.91~54.99)
201921~3919936(558~1 314)29.34(20.87~37.81)
202321~2994 303(2 125~6 481)56.02(37.22~74.82)
202415~29151 905(1 386~2 425)45.59(36.91~54.26)
合计—891 422(1 084~1 760)35.11(30.57~39.65)
0~<3201519~4224628(515~741)40.03(35.44~44.63)
201617~248324(112~536)22.76(10.32~35.21)
201636~4712647(448~845)50.21(42.69~57.73)
201724~274156(0~332)11.27(0~23.47)
201732~43121 417(669~2 165)57.46(41.54~73.38)
201820~23,25~288433(130~737)25.54(11.24~39.83)
201834~4613588(214~961)39.13(24.07~54.19)
201917~18,20~4225938(624~1 252)45.03(36.71~53.34)
202321~2992 103(1 106~3 101)60.05(43.85~76.25)
202416~2914388(270~506)30.95(23.212~38.695)
合计—127802(662~941)41.03(37.40~44.66)
3~<6201616~238337(84~591)27.94(12.26~43.63)
201642~476100(0~200)16.55(2.11~30.98)
201737~437512(301~723)53.19(39.02~67.37)
201819~2810287(86~487)23.96(12.37~35.55)
201837~40,42~436324(111~538)41.44(23.31~59.57)
201926~294144(0~316)16.70(0~34.19)
201936~394292(0~589)40.77(15.62~65.92)
202321~2881 871(1 068~2 674)67.42(55.44~79.40)
202415~2915831(641~1 021)52.80(45.33~60.27)
合计—68601(443~759)40.36(35.02~45.71)
6~9201618~22564(35~94)36.66(25.38~47.93)
201738~42539(0~78)34.52(8.76~60.28)
201819~281060(33~86)30.69(19.89~41.49)
201837~41519(2~37)21.92(4.88~38.97)
201924~25,27~29527(0~63)16.42(0~34.51)
202320~3011545(258~831)66.69(47.34~86.05)
202338~521527(21~33)25.58(21.51~29.66)
202413~3119622(419~825)72.14(59.46~84.82)
合计—75261(174~348)44.57(37.92~51.21)
>9201738~43647(2~92)39.77(12.08~67.47)
201838~41427(0~53)31.80(9.72~53.87)
201924~32,34~391521(12~31)21.70(13.64~29.75)
202321~3212206(96~317)57.73(39.29~76.17)
202415~3117237(155~319)64.81(51.67~77.95)
合计—55131(89~173)46.03(38.14~53.93)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077524627632576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077514443862374, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2015—2024年深圳市手足口病各年龄组人群超额流行情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄组(岁)年份(年)流行周(周)持续时(周)平均超额病例数(95%CI)超额占比(%,95%CI)
总人群201521~255303(20~587)10.17(2.01~18.32)
201537~415419(187~651)23.03(12.77~33.29)
201617~20,225559(0~1 243)17.73(0~37.54)
201637~4711492(234~749)24.71(15.78~33.63)
201736~4382 248(1 053~3 442)56.77(39.62~73.92)
201820~234957(0~1 944)26.85(3.33~50.37)
201836~438975(250~1 700)36.45(17.91~54.99)
201921~3919936(558~1 314)29.34(20.87~37.81)
202321~2994 303(2 125~6 481)56.02(37.22~74.82)
202415~29151 905(1 386~2 425)45.59(36.91~54.26)
合计—891 422(1 084~1 760)35.11(30.57~39.65)
0~<3201519~4224628(515~741)40.03(35.44~44.63)
201617~248324(112~536)22.76(10.32~35.21)
201636~4712647(448~845)50.21(42.69~57.73)
201724~274156(0~332)11.27(0~23.47)
201732~43121 417(669~2 165)57.46(41.54~73.38)
201820~23,25~288433(130~737)25.54(11.24~39.83)
201834~4613588(214~961)39.13(24.07~54.19)
201917~18,20~4225938(624~1 252)45.03(36.71~53.34)
202321~2992 103(1 106~3 101)60.05(43.85~76.25)
202416~2914388(270~506)30.95(23.212~38.695)
合计—127802(662~941)41.03(37.40~44.66)
3~<6201616~238337(84~591)27.94(12.26~43.63)
201642~476100(0~200)16.55(2.11~30.98)
201737~437512(301~723)53.19(39.02~67.37)
201819~2810287(86~487)23.96(12.37~35.55)
201837~40,42~436324(111~538)41.44(23.31~59.57)
201926~294144(0~316)16.70(0~34.19)
201936~394292(0~589)40.77(15.62~65.92)
202321~2881 871(1 068~2 674)67.42(55.44~79.40)
202415~2915831(641~1 021)52.80(45.33~60.27)
合计—68601(443~759)40.36(35.02~45.71)
6~9201618~22564(35~94)36.66(25.38~47.93)
201738~42539(0~78)34.52(8.76~60.28)
201819~281060(33~86)30.69(19.89~41.49)
201837~41519(2~37)21.92(4.88~38.97)
201924~25,27~29527(0~63)16.42(0~34.51)
202320~3011545(258~831)66.69(47.34~86.05)
202338~521527(21~33)25.58(21.51~29.66)
202413~3119622(419~825)72.14(59.46~84.82)
合计—75261(174~348)44.57(37.92~51.21)
>9201738~43647(2~92)39.77(12.08~67.47)
201838~41427(0~53)31.80(9.72~53.87)
201924~32,34~391521(12~31)21.70(13.64~29.75)
202321~3212206(96~317)57.73(39.29~76.17)
202415~3117237(155~319)64.81(51.67~77.95)
合计—55131(89~173)46.03(38.14~53.93)
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运用调整Serfling回归模型估计深圳市2015—2024年手足口病超额发病数
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卢文海 1 , 宋丽霞 2 , 陈霓璇 2 , 孔校杰 3 , 吕秋莹 2 , 刘婷婷 2 , 路滟 2 , 于碧鲲 1 , 张振 2 , 陈志高 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(7): 1195-1201
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (7) : 1195 -1201
运用调整Serfling回归模型估计深圳市2015—2024年手足口病超额发病数
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卢文海(1994—),男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:传染病流行病学

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卢文海1, 宋丽霞2, 陈霓璇2, 孔校杰3, 吕秋莹2, 刘婷婷2, 路滟2, 于碧鲲1, 张振2, 陈志高2
作者信息
  • 1.深圳市龙岗区坪地公共卫生服务中心疾控部,广东 深圳 518117
  • 2.深圳市疾病预防控制中心传染病防控科,广东 深圳 518055
  • 3.深圳市福田区第三人民医院慢性病防控科
通讯作者:
陈志高,E-mail:
作者简介:

卢文海与宋丽霞为共同第一作者

卢文海(1994—),男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:传染病流行病学

宋丽霞(1993—),女,本科,主管医师,研究方向:传染病流行病学

Estimating the excess incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024 using the adjusted Serfling regression model
Wen-hai LU1, Li-xia SONG2, Ni-xuan CHEN2, Xiao-jie KONG3, Qiu-ying LU2, Ting-ting LIU2, Yan LU2, Bi-kun YU1, Zhen ZHANG2, Zhi-gao CHEN2
Affiliations
  • Department of Disease Control, Pingdi Public Health Service Center, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518117, China
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510306
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目的

运用调整Serfling回归模型估算深圳市2015—2024年各年龄组手足口病超额流行期及超额病例数,为优化手足口病防控策略和开展疾病负担评估提供科学依据。

方法

利用2015—2024年深圳市手足口病周发病数,建立调整Serfling回归模型,分年龄组估算手足口病基线、流行阈值,判断超额流行期,计算超额发病数。

结果

2015—2024年深圳市累积报告手足口病642 903例,超额流行期主要集中于5—7月。全人群超额流行期共计89周,周平均超额病例数为1 422例,占实际病例数35.11%。0~3岁、3~6岁、6~9岁和>9岁年龄组周平均超额病例数分别为802、601、261和131例,超额占比分别为41.03%、40.36%、44.57%、46.03%。此外,0~<3岁组超额流行期开始时间普遍早于其他年龄组,其持续时间及平均超额病例数也高于其他年龄组。

结论

调整Serfling回归模型可较好的拟合深圳市手足口病发病数,6岁以下儿童疾病负担最重,对0~<3岁幼儿开展监测预警可将预警关口前移。

手足口病  /  调整Serfling回归模型  /  超额流行期  /  超额病例数
Objective

To use the adjusted Serfling regression model to estimate the excess epidemic periods and excess case numbers of hand, foot, and mouth disease in various age groups in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024, providing a scientific basis for optimizing prevention and control strategies and conducting disease burden assessments.

Methods

Using the weekly incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024, an adjusted Serfling regression model was established to estimate the baseline and epidemic threshold of the disease by age group, identify periods of excess epidemic, and calculate the number of excess cases.

Results

From 2015 to 2024, a total of 642 903 cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) were reported in Shenzhen. The periods of excess incidence were predominantly concentrated between May and July. Across the entire population, these excess-incidence periods spanned a total of 89 weeks, with a weekly average of 1 422 excess cases, accounting for 35.11% of all reported cases. By age group, the weekly average numbers of excess cases were 802, 601, 261, and 131 for the 0-3 year, 3-6 year, 6-9 year, and >9 year groups, respectively. The corresponding proportions of excess cases relative to total cases in each group were 41.03%, 40.36%, 44.57%, and 46.03%, respectively. Furthermore, the 0-3 year age group consistently experienced an earlier onset of excess-incidence periods compared to other age groups, and both the duration of these periods and the average number of weekly excess cases were higher in this group than in all others.

Conclusion

The adjusted Serfling regression model provided a good fit for the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen. Children under 6 years of age bore the highest disease burden, and implementing surveillance and early warning systems specifically targeting children aged 0-3 years could effectively shift the early warning threshold forward.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease  /  Adjusted Serfling regression model  /  Excess epidemic period  /  Excess cases
卢文海, 宋丽霞, 陈霓璇, 孔校杰, 吕秋莹, 刘婷婷, 路滟, 于碧鲲, 张振, 陈志高. 运用调整Serfling回归模型估计深圳市2015—2024年手足口病超额发病数. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1195 -1201 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510306
Wen-hai LU, Li-xia SONG, Ni-xuan CHEN, Xiao-jie KONG, Qiu-ying LU, Ting-ting LIU, Yan LU, Bi-kun YU, Zhen ZHANG, Zhi-gao CHEN. Estimating the excess incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024 using the adjusted Serfling regression model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1195 -1201 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510306
手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease)是一种由多种肠道病毒引起的急性传染病,5岁以下儿童高发。该病传染性强、传播途径多样,易在托幼机构、学校等场所引起暴发流行[1],其不仅对儿童健康构成威胁,也给家庭和社会带来了严重的经济负担[2]。
在传染病流行病学研究中,“超额发病数”是指在特定时间段内,实际观察到的病例数超出基于历史基线预期的正常波动范围的部分。该指标能够客观量化疫情的真实强度与异常程度,是评估疾病负担、识别异常信号、开展早期预警以及评价干预措施效果的核心指标。Serfling回归模型是估算超额发病的经典统计方法,通过拟合历史非流行期数据建立基线阈值,从而识别流行期。然而,传统Serfling模型依赖人工界定“非流行期”,易引入主观偏差。调整Serfling回归模型是传统Serfling回归模型的优化,其采用迭代回归方法自动识别并剔除“流行期”,避免人工干预带来的偏差,极大的提升了模型的灵敏度与特异度[3]。
目前关于Serfling回归模型估算手足口病超额发病及超额流行期的研究较少,且多数仅针对总体或某特定人群的研究[4-6],系统分析比较各年龄段超额情况研究尚未见报告。为此,本研究基于深圳市2015—2024年手足口病周发病数据,运用调整Serfling回归模型对不同年龄段人群的超额流行期及超额发病数进行估算,为制定分龄化、精细化的手足口病防控策略及科学评估其疾病负担提供实证依据。
深圳市2015—2024年手足口病发病数据来源中国疾病预防控制信息系统,发病时间为2015年1月1日—2024年12月31日。人口数据来源深圳市统计局。
Serfling回归是由Serfling[7]于1963年提出的一种用于估计季节性疾病超额死亡率的统计方法,常用于流感超额负担研究[8-9]。然而,传统Serfling回归模型在拟合过程中需要手动排除已知流行期的数据。为解决这一局限,Wang等人[3]于2015年提出了调整Serfling回归模型。该模型采用迭代回归策略进行优化,能够自动识别流行期并剔除相应数据,模型表达式如下:
式中Yt为第t周手足口病周发病数,t为手足口病周次(t=2015-01、2015-02……2024-52),β0为截距,β1~β6为模型各项系数,εt为误差项。模型中纳入二次时间项(β0+β1t+β2t2)以拟合长期趋势,该设定已被多项流感[3]及手足口病[4,6]相关研究证实能有效捕捉疾病的长期变化趋势。考虑到深圳市手足口病呈现明显的季节性双高峰特征[10],模型中纳入β3sin(2πt/52.18)+β4cos(2πt/52.18)+β5sin(2πt/26.09)+β6cos(2πt/26.09)两对正弦和余弦项以分别拟合年周期和半年周期。其具体实现步骤为:首先,使用全部手足口病周发病数据完成初次模型拟合;随后,将实际发病数大于拟合值的周次数据剔除,剩余数据用于第二次建模。第二次拟合后,将实际值超出其95%预测上限的数据点剔除,剩余数据进入第三次建模。此后的迭代过程均遵循第二次的剔除规则(即剔除超出95%预测上限的数据),直至模型的决定系数(R2)不再升高为止。值最大时对应的回归模型为本次拟合的模型,其拟合R2值及95%预测分别为疾病的基线病例值及流行阈值。
超额流行期定义为手足口病周发病数大于流行阈值且持续时间超过3周、间隔不超过1周的时期[4]。超额发病数为超额流行期内实际发病数与基线病例值的差值。平均超额病例数为超额流行期内超额发病数的均值。超额占比为超额病例数与实际病例数之比。本文新冠肺炎疫情期间指2020 —2022年。在本研究中,年龄作为关键的分层分析变量,本文依据儿童进入不同教育阶段的标志性年龄节点进行划分,以更精准地匹配其对应的暴露环境与防控场景。具体分组如下:0~<3岁(以散居或托育儿童为主)、3~<6岁(以托幼儿童为主)、6~9岁(以小学低年级学生为主)、>9岁(小学高年级及以上人群)。
所有数据处理、统计分析及绘图均在R 4.2.1软件中进行。模型整体检验采用方差分析,回归系数采用t检验,采用Mann-Kendall检验对手足口病的发病率进行趋势性检验,检验水准α=0.05。
2015—2024年深圳市累积报告642 903例手足口病病例,其中0~<3岁299 427例(56.68%)、3~<6岁167 999例(31.80%)、6~9岁40 757(7.72%)、>9岁20 084例(3.80%)。周发病率在0.006/10万(2020年第7周)~56.657/10万(2023年第24周)之间,主要呈5—7月、9—10月双峰流行趋势,见图1。年均发病率为351.015/10万,Mann-Kendall趋势性检验显示,2014—2024年深圳市手足口病年发病率呈现下降趋势,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.049),去除新冠肺炎疫情期间数据后,差异无统计学意义(P=0.072)。
以2015—2024年周次为自变量,使用调整的Serfling回归模型对手足口病周发病情况进行拟合,经2次Serfling回归模型拟合,最大为0.539(此时模型F=77.745,P<0.001),拟合效果较差。删除新冠肺炎疫情期手足口病数据后,再次拟合,结果显示经2次Serfling回归模型拟合,最大为0.806(此时模型F=190.078,P<0.001),拟合效果较好。因此选择删除新冠肺炎疫情期数据的模型作为最终模型,此时模型剔除观察值82个(占22.47%),模型拟合结果见表1,拟合曲线及流行阈值见图2。
应用调整Serfling回归模型分别对深圳市2015—2024年(不含新冠肺炎疫情期间数据)手足口病0~<3岁、3~<6岁、6~9岁、>9岁人群发病情况进行拟合,结果显示各组年龄组模型均在第2次拟合出现最大,分别为0.834、0.738、0.724、0.628,各模型整体检验均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。各模型回归系数检验见表1。
经调整Serfling回归模型判断,2015—2024年(不含新冠肺炎疫情期间数据)深圳市全人群手足口病超额流行期共计89周,占全部周数的24.38%。所有年份在5—7月均存在超额流行期,其中2015、2016和2018年在9—10月也存在超额流行期。超额流行期内平均超额病例数为1 422例,占实际病例数35.11%,其中2023年平均超额病例数远高于其他年份。见表2。
各年龄组超额流行期内,0~<3岁组和3~<6岁组平均超额病例数分别为802和601例,高于6~9岁组的261例和>9岁组的131例。而0~<3岁组和3~<6岁组超额流行期占比分别为41.03%、40.36%,低于6~9岁组的44.57%和>9岁组的46.03%。各年龄组中,0~<3岁组的超额流行期持续时间最长,为127周,而>9岁组最短,为55周。所有年龄组的流行期多集中在5—7月,且0~<3岁组的起始时间普遍早于其他组。
本研究首次运用调整Serfling回归模型全面估计了深圳市2015—2024年各年龄组手足口病的超额流行期及超额病例数。2015—2024年深圳市共报告手足口病642 903例,其中6岁以下儿童约占90%,在我国该年龄段儿童多为散居或托幼(育)儿童,其免疫系统尚未发育成熟、抵抗力较弱,且托幼(育)园中密切接触频繁,易导致病毒快速传播。此外,不良卫生习惯及被病毒污染的环境可能进一步增加了手足口病感染风险[11]。流行病学特征分析显示深圳市手足口病发病率呈现5—7月、9—10月双峰流行趋势,与广州、柳州等南方城市流行趋势一致[12-13],这可能与亚热带季风气候特征及学校学期相关。深圳市四季具有“长夏短冬”的特点,每年5—10月为深圳夏季,平均温度达27.4℃[14],温暖湿润的环境有利于肠道病毒在外环境中长期存活和传播[15];同时,开学季返园返校后人群聚集,加剧传播风险。上述特征提示,深圳市手足口病防控应强化季节性预警,并聚焦6岁以下儿童及其主要活动场所。
未去除新冠肺炎疫情期间数据前,深圳市手足口病发病率总体呈下降趋势,与全国手足口病发病趋势一致[16],但去除新冠肺炎疫情期间数据后,下降趋势无统计学意义,提示新冠肺炎疫情对深圳市手足口病发病率存在较大的影响,同时表明手足口病依然是深圳市传染病防控的重点。
我们对深圳市全人群与各年龄组人群均进行了调整Serfling回归模型拟合以精准评估手足口病超额流行情况。结果显示除>9岁组外,其他各组人群均在0.7以上,其中全人群、0~<3岁组模型均在0.8以上,高于董帅兵等[4]对北京市、周慧娴等[6]对重庆市九坡区手足口病的研究结果,表明调整Serfling回归模型在深圳市手足口病超额病例数估计中具有良好的适用性。调整Serfling回归模型适用于具有季节性和周期性波动数据[17],且通常要求数据至少有5年以上的数据[18],以保证模型的稳健性。尽管本研究纳入了7年数据并剔除了异常年份的干扰,但>9岁组病例数较少,导致较多周次出现缺失值,可能对基线拟合精度带来一定影响。
本研究发现2015—2024年深圳市全人群手足口病每年均存在超额流行期,主要集中在5—7月,部分年份9—10月也存在超额流行期,这与深圳市手足口病流行高峰相符[10]。该发现提示了手足口病防控的关键时间窗口,建议于每年4月底和8月底前启动两轮预警干预,推动防控策略从被动应对向主动预防转变。2015—2019年深圳市超额流行期及平均超额病例数均高于北京市[4],提示深圳市手足口病的传播风险与疾病负担可能较北京市更为严峻。这可能与南北气候条件、病原体型别等影响因素有关[19-20]。此外,0~<3岁组与3~<6岁组平均超额病例数高于6~9岁和>9岁组,但超额占比低于6~9岁和>9岁组,提示6岁以下儿童手足口病不仅基线流行水平高,且超额病例数多,应继续作为防控核心人群。在中国0~6岁幼儿多为散居儿童或幼托(育)儿童,研究显示此部分人群照料者存在手足口病知识知晓率不足或态度水平低下问题[21-23],因此针对此部分人群的健康教育可能有效降低手足口病疾病负担。值得注意的是,0~<3岁组超额流行期的开始时间早于其他年龄组、持续时间较长,且该年龄组构成手足口病的主要患病人群。这可能与该年龄段儿童免疫系统尚未发育成熟、对手足口病病原体缺乏特异性免疫力有关,因此更易感染。此外,该年龄组的调整Serfling回归模型拟合效果最佳,表明其流行曲线规律性强、噪声少,可作为手足口病早期预警的敏感指标人群,通过优先监测0~<3岁儿童的发病动态,有望实现对全市流行期的更早、更准确识别。
本研究存在一定局限性。首先,部分手足口病早期症状与疱疹性咽峡炎相似,易导致漏诊或临床误判,这可能影响数据的准确性;其次,本研究纳入的手足口病病例多为临床诊断病例,缺乏肠道病毒病原分型信息,无法按病毒类型估算超额病例;最后,调整Serfling回归模型采用二次多项式拟合疾病长期趋势项,但可能仍无法有效捕捉手足口病复杂的流行趋势,未来可探索与其他机器学习算法的结合,考虑经济水平、人口、气象因素等外部协变量的影响,进一步提升模型的性能。
综上所述,运用调整Serfling回归模型估算深圳市手足口病超额流行期和超额病例数具有较好的效果,可为开展手足口病疾病负担研究奠定基础,同时也能为优化区域手足口病针对性防控策略、完善多维度监测预警体系提供科学且具实操性的新思路。
  • 深圳市科技计划资助(JCYJ20250604174508011)
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2026年第53卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510306
  • 接收时间:2025-10-20
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-20
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深圳市科技计划资助(JCYJ20250604174508011)
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    1.深圳市龙岗区坪地公共卫生服务中心疾控部,广东 深圳 518117
    2.深圳市疾病预防控制中心传染病防控科,广东 深圳 518055
    3.深圳市福田区第三人民医院慢性病防控科

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陈志高,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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