Article(id=1324051001682034958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510234, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760457600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793607958478, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793607958478, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793607958478, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793607958478, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324050876230415089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793607928569, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670049253, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1929, endPage=1934, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324051001887555855, articleId=1324051001682034958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Latent profile analysis of health-related quality of life in patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Xi’an, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To identify the latent classes of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and explore their influencing factors among patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Xi’an.

Methods

A cluster sampling method was used to select 251 KBD patients diagnosed at stage I or above according to the “Diagnosis of Kashin-Beck Disease” (WS/T 207-2010) standard from Lintong District, Xi’an City. Surveys were conducted using a general information questionnaire and the Kashin-Beck Disease Quality of Life (KBDQOL) scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify the latent classes of HRQoL, and multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors.

Results

The HRQoL of KBD patients was categorized into three distinct latent classes: the low HRQoL type (13.15%), the medium HRQoL-limited type (39.04%), and the high HRQoL-comprehensive type (47.81%). Regression analysis revealed that age, education level, living alone, disease severity, and disease duration were significant factors influencing the latent HRQoL profiles in KBD patients (all P<0.05). Patients with advanced age, long disease duration, severe disease, or illiteracy were more likely to belong to the “low HRQoL” profile.

Conclusion

Significant population heterogeneity in HRQoL exists among KBD patients in Xi’an. Targeted interventions should be implemented based on the characteristics of the identified latent classes, with particular attention given to alleviating the physical and mental burden of patients in the low and medium HRQoL types, in order to effectively enhance their HRQoL.

, authors=Qian FANG1, 2, Jie LIU1, Jia-you FU3, Si-yuan HE2, Jia-bao LIU2, Shan-shan DENG2, Bo LI1, 2, authorsList=Qian FANG, Jie LIU, Jia-you FU, Si-yuan HE, Jia-bao LIU, Shan-shan DENG, Bo LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bo LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324051004278309140, articleId=1324051001682034958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=西安市大骨节病患者健康相关生命质量的潜在剖面分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索西安市大骨节病患者健康相关生命质量(health-related quality of life, HRQoL)的潜在剖面,并分析其影响因素。

方法

采用整群抽样法,选取西安市临潼区符合《大骨节病诊断》(WS/T 207—2010)为I度及以上的251名大骨节病患者作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表和大骨节病患者生命质量(kashin-beck disease quality of life,KBDQOL)量表进行调查,通过潜在剖面分析(latent profile analysis,LPA)识别HRQoL的潜在类别,并采用无序多分类logistic回归探究其影响因素。

结果

大骨节病患者的HRQoL可划分为三个潜在类别:低生命质量型(13.15%)、中生命质量-受限型(39.04%)和高生命质量-综合型(47.81%)。回归结果显示,年龄、文化程度、独居情况、疾病程度与患病年限是大骨节病患者HRQoL潜在剖面的影响因素(均P<0.05)。其中高龄、长病程、重病情及文盲的患者更可能归属于低生命质量型。

结论

西安市大骨节病患者HRQoL存在群体异质性,应依据潜在类别特征实施针对性干预,尤其关注低、中生命质量型患者的身心负担,以期有效提升其HRQoL水平。

, authors=房倩1, 2, 刘洁1, 付佳佑3, 和思源2, 刘家宝2, 邓姗姗2, 李博1, 2, authorsList=房倩, 刘洁, 付佳佑, 和思源, 刘家宝, 邓姗姗, 李博, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李博, authorNote=

房倩(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社区护理

, correspAuthorsNote=
李博,E-mail:. edu. cn
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8HLXWeOnKo8+iDpE4eOU2A==, magXml=8RkhziZsoSMJKHGTtFAvUQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=YOPaLqSWdz1YuZSNB4LWfw==, pdfFileSize=895588, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=CoAfUhPteCL+0ZEvPO2Gug==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=1b9C8TGd9N9TncWORXkreg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324051004899066141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324051004999729440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, authorId=1324051004899066141, language=EN, stringName=Qian FANG, firstName=Qian, middleName=null, lastName=FANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324051005083615521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, authorId=1324051004899066141, language=CN, stringName=房倩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河南大学淮河医院,河南 开封 475000
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Chinese Journal of Endemiology, 2018, 37(9): 754-759.(In Chinese), articleTitle=An investigation and analysis of health-related quality of Life in patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Shaanxi Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324051009915453777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, awardId=232102310136, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省二○二三年科技发展计划(232102310136), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324051009986756946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, awardId=RKX202402028, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省医学科技攻关计划软科学项目(RKX202402028), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324051004559327509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051004567716118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, companyId=1324051004559327509, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051004576104727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, companyId=1324051004559327509, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南大学淮河医院,河南 开封 475000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324051004651602200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051004655796505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, companyId=1324051004651602200, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南大学护理与健康学院,河南 开封 475000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324051004769042714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324051004802597147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, companyId=1324051004769042714, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西安市临潼区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324051009156284745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Characteristic distribution of three categories for HRQoL, figureFileSmall=Px0Xg3IUwIwhb/ijN5qiyA==, figureFileBig=CoAfUhPteCL+0ZEvPO2Gug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051009240170826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, language=CN, label=图1, caption=HRQoL的3种类别特征分布, figureFileSmall=Px0Xg3IUwIwhb/ijN5qiyA==, figureFileBig=CoAfUhPteCL+0ZEvPO2Gug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051009420525899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results from univariate analysis comparing three latent profiles of HRQoL in KBD patients [n(%),M (P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目类别人数低生命质量型(n=33)中生命质量—受限型(n=98)高生命质量—综合型(n=120)检验统计量P值
年龄(岁)<6578(31.1)1(3.0)23(23.5)54(45.0)50.861b<0.001
65~7588(35.1)1(3.0)49(50.0)38(31.7)
>7585(33.9)31(93.9)26(26.5)28(23.3)
性别男121(48.2)15(45.5)47(48.0)59(49.2)0.147a0.929
女130(51.8)18(54.5)51(52.0)61(50.8)
文化程度文盲58(23.1)16(48.5)25(25.5)17(14.2)18.800b<0.001
小学115(45.8)13(39.4)46(46.9)56(46.6)
初中及以上78(31.1)4(12.1)27(27.6)47(39.2)
婚姻状况未婚、离丧偶88(35.1)19(57.6)39(39.8)30(25.0)13.647a0.001
已婚有配偶163(64.9)14(42.4)59(60.2)90(75.0)
独居情况未独居197(78.5)24(72.7)67(68.4)106(88.3)13.482a0.001
独居54(21.5)9(27.3)31(31.6)14(11.7)
疾病程度Ⅰ度175(69.7)14(42.4)65(66.3)96(80.0)21.905b<0.001
Ⅱ度61(24.3)11(33.3)28(28.6)22(18.3)
Ⅲ度15(6.0)8(24.2)5(5.1)2(1.7)
患病年限(年)<2055(21.9)3(9.1)17(17.3)35(29.2)42.128b<0.001
20~35144(57.4)12(36.4)49(50.0)83(69.2)
>3552(20.7)18(54.5)32(32.7)2(1.7)
BMI——21.00(20.04,23.32)22.57(20.76,24.66)22.43(20.41,24.42)3.849b0.146
), ArticleFig(id=1324051009496023372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大骨节病患者HRQoL3个潜在剖面间的单因素分析结果[n(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目类别人数低生命质量型(n=33)中生命质量—受限型(n=98)高生命质量—综合型(n=120)检验统计量P值
年龄(岁)<6578(31.1)1(3.0)23(23.5)54(45.0)50.861b<0.001
65~7588(35.1)1(3.0)49(50.0)38(31.7)
>7585(33.9)31(93.9)26(26.5)28(23.3)
性别男121(48.2)15(45.5)47(48.0)59(49.2)0.147a0.929
女130(51.8)18(54.5)51(52.0)61(50.8)
文化程度文盲58(23.1)16(48.5)25(25.5)17(14.2)18.800b<0.001
小学115(45.8)13(39.4)46(46.9)56(46.6)
初中及以上78(31.1)4(12.1)27(27.6)47(39.2)
婚姻状况未婚、离丧偶88(35.1)19(57.6)39(39.8)30(25.0)13.647a0.001
已婚有配偶163(64.9)14(42.4)59(60.2)90(75.0)
独居情况未独居197(78.5)24(72.7)67(68.4)106(88.3)13.482a0.001
独居54(21.5)9(27.3)31(31.6)14(11.7)
疾病程度Ⅰ度175(69.7)14(42.4)65(66.3)96(80.0)21.905b<0.001
Ⅱ度61(24.3)11(33.3)28(28.6)22(18.3)
Ⅲ度15(6.0)8(24.2)5(5.1)2(1.7)
患病年限(年)<2055(21.9)3(9.1)17(17.3)35(29.2)42.128b<0.001
20~35144(57.4)12(36.4)49(50.0)83(69.2)
>3552(20.7)18(54.5)32(32.7)2(1.7)
BMI——21.00(20.04,23.32)22.57(20.76,24.66)22.43(20.41,24.42)3.849b0.146
), ArticleFig(id=1324051009571520845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Indicators of latent profile analysis for HRQoL (n=251)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBIC熵LMRT(P)BLRT(P)类别概率(%)
112 653.70012 696.00512 657.964————
212 212.22212 279.20512 218.9730.8790.075<0.00125.50/74.50
312 013.21312 104.87512 022.4520.852<0.001<0.00113.15/39.04/47.81
411 978.79312 095.13311 990.5200.8070.094<0.00112.75/46.21/22.31/18.73
511 938.21512 079.23311 952.4290.8470.824<0.00111.55/3.59/13.94/39.84/31.08
), ArticleFig(id=1324051009655406926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

HRQoL潜在剖面拟合指标(n=251)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBIC熵LMRT(P)BLRT(P)类别概率(%)
112 653.70012 696.00512 657.964————
212 212.22212 279.20512 218.9730.8790.075<0.00125.50/74.50
312 013.21312 104.87512 022.4520.852<0.001<0.00113.15/39.04/47.81
411 978.79312 095.13311 990.5200.8070.094<0.00112.75/46.21/22.31/18.73
511 938.21512 079.23311 952.4290.8470.824<0.00111.55/3.59/13.94/39.84/31.08
), ArticleFig(id=1324051009743487311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The results of multinomial logistic regression analysis among three latent profiles of HRQoL in KBD patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测变量低生命质量型中生命质量-受限型
β值P值OR值(95%CI)β值P值OR值(95%CI)
年龄(岁)<65-3.6080.0040.027(0.002~0.320)-0.1310.7870.877(0.339~2.270)
65~75-3.5560.0030.029(0.003~0.289)0.9190.0392.507(1.047~6.005)
文化程度文盲1.6760.0435.345(1.053~27.140)0.8870.0682.429(0.937~6.296)
小学0.3770.6281.458(0.317~6.697)0.0850.8271.089(0.507~2.340)
婚姻状况未婚、离丧偶0.1640.7961.178(0.341~4.070)-0.0230.9580.977(0.418~2.283)
独居情况独居-0.0290.9690.972(0.231~4.079)1.2020.0123.327(1.306~8.477)
疾病程度(度)Ⅰ-4.1170.0010.016(0.002~0.173)-1.5410.1110.214(0.032~1.427)
Ⅱ-3.2380.0110.039(0.003~0.473)-0.8350.4020.434(0.062~3.057)
患病年限(年)<20-3.1600.0040.042(0.005~0.365)-3.418<0.0010.033(0.007~0.163)
20~35-3.662<0.0010.026(0.004~0.154)-3.259<0.0010.038(0.008~0.174)
), ArticleFig(id=1324051009806401872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051001682034958, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

大骨节病患者HRQoL3个潜在剖面的多分类logistic回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测变量低生命质量型中生命质量-受限型
β值P值OR值(95%CI)β值P值OR值(95%CI)
年龄(岁)<65-3.6080.0040.027(0.002~0.320)-0.1310.7870.877(0.339~2.270)
65~75-3.5560.0030.029(0.003~0.289)0.9190.0392.507(1.047~6.005)
文化程度文盲1.6760.0435.345(1.053~27.140)0.8870.0682.429(0.937~6.296)
小学0.3770.6281.458(0.317~6.697)0.0850.8271.089(0.507~2.340)
婚姻状况未婚、离丧偶0.1640.7961.178(0.341~4.070)-0.0230.9580.977(0.418~2.283)
独居情况独居-0.0290.9690.972(0.231~4.079)1.2020.0123.327(1.306~8.477)
疾病程度(度)Ⅰ-4.1170.0010.016(0.002~0.173)-1.5410.1110.214(0.032~1.427)
Ⅱ-3.2380.0110.039(0.003~0.473)-0.8350.4020.434(0.062~3.057)
患病年限(年)<20-3.1600.0040.042(0.005~0.365)-3.418<0.0010.033(0.007~0.163)
20~35-3.662<0.0010.026(0.004~0.154)-3.259<0.0010.038(0.008~0.174)
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西安市大骨节病患者健康相关生命质量的潜在剖面分析
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房倩 1, 2 , 刘洁 1 , 付佳佑 3 , 和思源 2 , 刘家宝 2 , 邓姗姗 2 , 李博 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(11): 1929-1934
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (11) : 1929 -1934
西安市大骨节病患者健康相关生命质量的潜在剖面分析
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房倩1, 2, 刘洁1, 付佳佑3, 和思源2, 刘家宝2, 邓姗姗2, 李博1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.河南大学淮河医院,河南 开封 475000
  • 2.河南大学护理与健康学院,河南 开封 475000
  • 3.西安市临潼区疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
李博,E-mail:. edu. cn
作者简介:

房倩(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社区护理

Latent profile analysis of health-related quality of life in patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Xi’an
Qian FANG1, 2, Jie LIU1, Jia-you FU3, Si-yuan HE2, Jia-bao LIU2, Shan-shan DENG2, Bo LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510234
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目的

探索西安市大骨节病患者健康相关生命质量(health-related quality of life, HRQoL)的潜在剖面,并分析其影响因素。

方法

采用整群抽样法,选取西安市临潼区符合《大骨节病诊断》(WS/T 207—2010)为I度及以上的251名大骨节病患者作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表和大骨节病患者生命质量(kashin-beck disease quality of life,KBDQOL)量表进行调查,通过潜在剖面分析(latent profile analysis,LPA)识别HRQoL的潜在类别,并采用无序多分类logistic回归探究其影响因素。

结果

大骨节病患者的HRQoL可划分为三个潜在类别:低生命质量型(13.15%)、中生命质量-受限型(39.04%)和高生命质量-综合型(47.81%)。回归结果显示,年龄、文化程度、独居情况、疾病程度与患病年限是大骨节病患者HRQoL潜在剖面的影响因素(均P<0.05)。其中高龄、长病程、重病情及文盲的患者更可能归属于低生命质量型。

结论

西安市大骨节病患者HRQoL存在群体异质性,应依据潜在类别特征实施针对性干预,尤其关注低、中生命质量型患者的身心负担,以期有效提升其HRQoL水平。

大骨节病  /  健康相关生命质量  /  潜在剖面分析  /  潜在类别
Objective

To identify the latent classes of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and explore their influencing factors among patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Xi’an.

Methods

A cluster sampling method was used to select 251 KBD patients diagnosed at stage I or above according to the “Diagnosis of Kashin-Beck Disease” (WS/T 207-2010) standard from Lintong District, Xi’an City. Surveys were conducted using a general information questionnaire and the Kashin-Beck Disease Quality of Life (KBDQOL) scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify the latent classes of HRQoL, and multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors.

Results

The HRQoL of KBD patients was categorized into three distinct latent classes: the low HRQoL type (13.15%), the medium HRQoL-limited type (39.04%), and the high HRQoL-comprehensive type (47.81%). Regression analysis revealed that age, education level, living alone, disease severity, and disease duration were significant factors influencing the latent HRQoL profiles in KBD patients (all P<0.05). Patients with advanced age, long disease duration, severe disease, or illiteracy were more likely to belong to the “low HRQoL” profile.

Conclusion

Significant population heterogeneity in HRQoL exists among KBD patients in Xi’an. Targeted interventions should be implemented based on the characteristics of the identified latent classes, with particular attention given to alleviating the physical and mental burden of patients in the low and medium HRQoL types, in order to effectively enhance their HRQoL.

Kashin-Beck disease  /  Health-related quality of life  /  Latent profile analysis  /  Latent classes
房倩, 刘洁, 付佳佑, 和思源, 刘家宝, 邓姗姗, 李博. 西安市大骨节病患者健康相关生命质量的潜在剖面分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (11) : 1929 -1934 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510234
Qian FANG, Jie LIU, Jia-you FU, Si-yuan HE, Jia-bao LIU, Shan-shan DENG, Bo LI. Latent profile analysis of health-related quality of life in patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Xi’an[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (11) : 1929 -1934 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510234
大骨节病(kashin-beck disease)是一种典型的地方性骨关节病,其发生与低硒生态环境密切相关[1-3]。陕西省部分坡区、塬区及山区处于我国东北至西南的缺硒带上[4-5],致使该省的大骨节病患者数量居全国之首。流行病学调查显示,陕西省现存患者约5.6万例,约占全国患者总数的30%[6]。西安市作为陕西省省会,其病例主要分布在骊山山区及周边的黄土台塬地带。因此,本研究选取该区域的临潼区作为调查现场。
目前,大骨节病的研究多聚焦于躯体健康评价。然而,大骨节病不仅会导致关节疼痛、畸形与运动障碍等躯体问题[7-8],还常引发心理压力和睡眠障碍等,严重影响患者的生活质量[9]。这表明需采用如健康相关生命质量(health-related quality of life,HRQoL)等更综合的指标进行评估。潜在剖面分析(latent profile analysis,LPA)作为一种能够识别群体内部异质性的统计方法,为此提供了有效工具[10-11]。在HRQoL研究中,LPA可依据患者在生命质量各维度的表现,将其划分为具有相似特征的潜在子群体。对于临床表现与功能障碍程度多样的大骨节病而言,运用LPA有助于区分患者HRQoL的不同类型,并判断其健康影响路径的差异。近年来,LPA已在多种慢性病的HRQoL研究中广泛应用[12-13],为识别群体特征、支持个性化干预提供了有效依据。在大骨节病研究中引入该方法,可为后续开展精准的分层健康管理奠定实证基础。
本研究于2024年10—12月进行。采用整群抽样法,基于区域历史病区分布情况,选取病区内四个街道(斜口、仁宗、小金和穆寨街道)作为抽样单位,对符合纳入标准的大骨节病患者进行抽样调查。
共发放问卷259份,回收有效问卷251份,有效回收率96.91%。样本量参考现有LPA模拟研究及类似国内慢性病LPA研究(样本量多在200~400之间),基本满足初步探索需要,但仍属中等偏小样本。研究方案已获河南大学生物医学科研伦理分委员会批准(批准号:HUSOM2025—647)。所有参与者均被充分告知研究目的、内容及隐私保护措施,并签署知情同意书。
纳入标准:(1)符合《大骨节病诊断》(WS/T 207—2010)I度及以上标准[14];(2)具备正常沟通能力。排除标准:(1)合并原发性骨关节炎等慢性骨关节疾病;(2)患有精神疾患,无法配合调查;(3)语言表达不清楚者。
通过查阅文献与课题组讨论,设计针对大骨节病患者的一般资料调查表,内容包括年龄、性别、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、文化程度、婚姻状况、独居情况、疾病程度和患病年限共8个条目。
KBDQOL量表由方华与郭雄等人于2014年研制,专门用于评估大骨节病患者的HRQoL,量表包含躯体功能、活动限制、社会支持、经济、精神状况和总的健康共6个维度28个条目。其中,Q4.1、Q4.2、Q5.4、Q5.5、Q5.6、Q5.8、Q6.3为负向结构条目,计算分数时需转换为正向结构。各维度得分与HRQoL呈正相关,得分越高代表生命质量越好。基于本研究收集的数据,对KBDQoL量表进行信度检验。结果显示,量表一致性良好,总的Cronbach α系数为0.931,各维度Cronbach α系数分别为:躯体功能0.867、活动限制0.826、社会支持0.743、经济0.817、精神状况0.816、总的健康0.788。
采用入户调查方式,在各街道办卫生室乡医的协助下开展。由经统一培训的调查员宣读问卷,并根据患者的回答代为填写,当场回收。所有数据由两人独立录入并核对,检查是否存在漏填项,并剔除规律作答的问卷。
使用SPSS 25.0进行数据预处理和描述性统计分析。计量资料中,符合正态分布的采用()描述,组间比较采用单因素方差分析;不符合正态分布的采用[M(P25,P75)]描述,组间比较使用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。计数资料或等级资料使用频数、百分比描述,组间比较使用χ2检验或秩和检验。LPA使用Mplus 8.0软件,模型拟合评估指标包括:赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)、贝叶斯信息准(Bayesian infomaton criterion,BIC)、调整贝叶斯信息准刻(adjusted Bayesian information criterion,aBIC)、熵值、罗-梦戴尔-鲁本校正似然比检验(Rohman-Mendel-Ruber corrected liklihood ratio test,LMRT)、多重采样似然比(bootstrap liklihoood ratio test,BLRT)。AIC、BIC和aBIC值越小,模型拟合越好;熵值越接近1,表示准确率越高;LMRT和BLRT用来评估k类和k-1类模型的拟合优劣,P<0.05表示k类模型更优。以大骨节病患者HRQoL的潜在类别归属作为因变量,单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量为自变量进行多分类logistic回归分析,建模前进行了多重共线性分析,所有自变量的方差膨胀因子均小于5,检验水准α=0.05。
经正态性检验,年龄、患病年限、BMI等连续变量均不符合正态分布(P<0.05)。因此,上述变量以[M(P25,P75)]描述。大骨节病患者的年龄范围为39~93岁,[M(P25,P75)]为71(62,78)岁;患病年限[M(P25,P75)]为30(20,33)年;BMI[M(P25,P75)]为22.31(20.45,24.34)kg/m2。调查结果分布见表1。
以KBDQOL量表的6个维度得分为外显变量,拟合了1~5个潜在类别的模型。拟合指标显示,信息准则(AIC、BIC、aBIC)随类别数的增加而下降,但BIC与aBIC在4类及5类模型中的下降幅度趋缓;似然比检验中,仅3类模型的LMRT结果显著(P<0.001),而BLRT检验提示直至5类模型均有统计改进;3类模型的熵值为0.852,高于0.80的常用标准,各类别的平均归属概率介于0.916~0.982,分类准确性良好。此外,该模型各类别比例分别为13.15%、39.04%、47.81%,且在量表各维度上的得分区分良好,临床意义明确。综上,尽管更复杂模型在BIC与aBIC上略优,但基于LMRT显著性、分类质量及临床可解释性,最终选择3个潜在类别。见表2。
根据3类别模型绘制潜在剖面图,见图1。类别1(n=33,13.15%)在所有维度上得分均最低,命名为“低生命质量型”;类别2(n=98,39.04%)各维度得分基本处于中间水平,命名为“中生命质量-受限型”;类别3(n=120,47.81%)各维度得分均高于其它两组,命名为“高生命质量-综合型”。
经检验,3类患者的KBDQOL量表总分均不符合正态分布(P<0.05),故以[M(P25,P75)]描述,并采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行组间比较。结果显示,3类患者在KBDQOL量表总分上的差异具有统计学意义(H=202.159,P<0.001)。低生命质量型、中生命质量-受限型和高生命质量-综合型得分依次为0.42(0.37,0.48)、0.60(0.55,0.63)和0.74(0.69,0.78)分。
以大骨节病患者HRQoL的潜在类别归属作为因变量(以高生命质量-综合型为参照),单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量为自变量,进行多分类logistic回归分析。自变量赋值如下:(1)年龄:<65岁=1,65~75岁=2,>75岁=3;(2)文化程度:文盲=1,小学=2,初中及以上=3;(3)婚姻状况:未婚、离丧偶=0,已婚有配偶=1;(4)独居情况:未独居=0,独居=1;(5)疾病程度:Ⅰ度=1,Ⅱ度=2,Ⅲ度=3;患病年限:<20年=1,20~35年=2,>35年=3。见表3。
通过LPA识别出大骨节病患者HRQoL存在3种潜在类别,其HRQoL水平存在异质性。低生命质量型患者通常年龄大(>75岁)、患病年限长(>35年)、疾病程度重(III度)。此外,文盲也为该类别的危险因素。以上因素共同作用,导致患者生理功能严重下降、社会参与明显受限,HRQoL水平最低。中生命质量-受限型患者的生理指标处于中间水平。年龄65~75岁(与>75岁相比)以及独居是进入该类别的危险因素,患病年限<35年则是保护因素。尽管此类患者的疾病负担相对较轻,但65~75岁年龄段及独居状态,可能共同制约了其HRQoL水平提升。高生命质量-综合型患者年龄较小(<75岁,尤其<65岁)、患病年限较短(<35年)、疾病程度较轻(I度、II度)、非独居且具备一定文化程度,以上因素共同为其高HRQoL水平提供了支持。
(1)年龄:与高生命质量-综合型相比,低于65岁(OR=0.027,P=0.004)与65~75岁(OR=0.029,P=0.003)患者进入低生命质量型的风险,分别仅为高龄患者(>75岁)的2.7%和2.9%。另外,65~75岁患者进入中生命质量-受限型的风险更高(OR=2.507,P=0.039),低于65岁患者进入该类别的风险差异无统计学意义(OR=0.877,P=0.787),提示65~75岁可能是患者HRQoL下降的关键阶段。这一现象可能是由于样本整体年龄较高,导致高、中生命质量组在年龄分布上存在部分重叠,年龄的独立影响不明显;此外,西安市较早普及规范治疗,可能使各年龄段获得的医疗服务趋于均衡,从而减弱了年龄差异带来的影响。
(2)文化程度:以初中及以上为参照,文盲是大骨节病患者归属于低生命质量型的独立危险因素(OR=5.345,P=0.043)。这表明,在控制了年龄、患病年限、疾病程度因素后,文盲患者HRQoL处于低水平的风险是初中及以上文化程度的5.3倍。文化程度在高生命质量型-综合型与中生命质量-受限型之间的差异无统计学意义。低文化水平患者可能健康知识不足,在疾病自我管理及就医过程中可能存在障碍(如理解药品说明困难、与医生沟通效率较低),加之该类人群普遍经济基础薄弱且社会支持不足等,也增加了其健康风险。
(3)独居情况:与高生命质量-综合型相比,独居是患者归属于中生命质量-受限型的危险因素(OR=3.327,P=0.012)。这表明,在控制年龄、患病年限、疾病程度因素后,独居患者处于中等生命质量的风险是非独居者的3.3倍。独居患者缺乏足够的家庭支持,难以获得足够的情感慰藉、生活协助与家庭照护,容易造成其社会隔离感与心理压力,从而制约其HRQoL的提升。
(4)疾病程度:以高生命质量-综合型为参照,疾病程度为III度的患者,归属于低生命质量型的风险增加,I度(OR=0.016,P=0.001)与II度(OR=0.039,P=0.011)患者归属于低生命质量型的风险更低。由于较轻的疾病程度意味着更轻的疼痛畸形、更好的活动功能与更强的社会参与能力,构成了维持较高HRQoL的生理与社会基础。
(5)患病年限:以高生命质量-综合型为参照,较短患病年限(<35年)是避免进入低生命质量型类别的保护因素。与患病年限>35年的患者相比,年限<20年者进入低生命质量型(OR=0.042,P=0.004)和中生命质量-受限型(OR=0.033,P<0.001)的风险显著更低;年限为20~35年也表现出显著的保护效应(均OR<0.04,P<0.001)。这表明,患病年限延长是HRQoL下降的风险因素,与既往研究结论一致[16]。然而,本研究中OR值远低于1,提示在西安这类医疗资源集中、治疗普及较早的省会城市,患病年限延长带来的风险可能得到了缓冲。作为疾病负担的客观指标,其对HRQoL的潜在影响仍需关注。
根据大骨节病患者HRQoL的3类潜在剖面特征,社区护理可采取以下干预策略:
(1)低生命质量型患者多伴有高龄、重病及文化程度低等问题,因此护理重点应放在延缓患者躯体功能衰退和缓解疾病负担上。可采用图画、视频等直观方式传递健康信息,提供以镇痛、防跌倒、共病监测为主的居家护理指导,必要时协助其家属进行居家适老化改造(如加装扶手、防滑垫)。
(2)鉴于中生命质量-受限型患者的核心困境在于社会支持的缺失,护理重点应从单一的生理照护转向社会融合与心理赋能,在预防躯体功能下滑的基础上,扩大其社会参与。除定期评估其功能状况外,可组织低强度团体锻炼(如太极等),帮助患者缓解社交孤立。
(3)鉴于高生命质量-综合型患者身体状况较好,护理重点不仅在于自身功能的维持,更在于发挥其社区示范作用,如为“病友”普及大骨节病管理知识,带领开展关节保健操等活动,分享疾病适应经验及宣导积极心态。
本研究通过对西安市大骨节病患者HRQoL进行LPA,识别出了低生命质量型、中生命质量-受限型与高生命质量-综合型三类群体。年龄、文化程度、独居情况、疾病程度与患病年限是大骨节病患者HRQoL潜在剖面归属的影响因素。因此,应采取差异化的护理干预方案,尤其要对高龄、长病程、重病情及文盲患者等高风险人群提供针对性支持。需要指出的是,本研究的抽样聚焦于西安市骊山山区的四个街道,研究结论在向地理环境、社会经济或患者分布模式不同的其他类型病区外推时其适用性可能受限,需要进一步验证。此外,研究方法存在以下局限:一是采用整群抽样但未校正样本聚集效应,可能影响统计推断的准确性;二是在分析潜在剖面与外部变量关系时,未使用Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars(BCH)法等校正分类不确定性的方法,可能带来一定估计偏差;三是样本量中等偏小,可能导致LPA的类数低估或参数估计不稳定的风险。未来研究可进一步扩大抽样范围,并采用多水平模型或BCH法等统计方法,以更稳健地探索影响因素及其作用机制。
  • 河南省二○二三年科技发展计划(232102310136)
  • 河南省医学科技攻关计划软科学项目(RKX202402028)
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2026年第53卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510234
  • 接收时间:2025-10-15
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15
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河南省二○二三年科技发展计划(232102310136)
河南省医学科技攻关计划软科学项目(RKX202402028)
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    1.河南大学淮河医院,河南 开封 475000
    2.河南大学护理与健康学院,河南 开封 475000
    3.西安市临潼区疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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