Article(id=1324044775237755671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510201, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760630400000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606473978, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606473978, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606473978, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606473978, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044701648695723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606456434, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670074552, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311535425815307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044701648695723, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1809, endPage=1816, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044775439082264, articleId=1324044775237755671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Needs and influencing factors of home health care services among key elderly populations—based on a survey in Beijing, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the needs and utilization of home health care services among key elderly populations in China and identify factors influencing service needs, providing evidence for service improvement.

Methods

A purposive sampling survey was conducted in Beijing. Data on older adults’ needs and utilization of home health care services were collected. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were performed using SPSS 26.0.

Results

The need rate for home health care services was 64.1%, and the utilization rate among those with needs was 54.6%. The average need-satisfaction rate across 26 service items was 37.4%. Age, education, monthly income, caregiver type, functional ability, self-rated health, and hospitalization in the past year were significant influencing factors(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Although demand is high, a structural mismatch exists between service provision and needs, particularly for more specialized services. Efforts should focus on improving accessibility, expanding supply, and prioritizing high-need populations.

, authors=Liu-liu JIA1, Yue XU1, 2, Qing LIN3, 4, Lin-lin HU1, authorsList=Liu-liu JIA, Yue XU, Qing LIN, Lin-lin HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lin-lin HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044776043062041, articleId=1324044775237755671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=居家医疗服务重点人群服务需要及影响因素研究——基于北京市的调查, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解我国居家医疗重点人群服务需要与利用现状及需要的影响因素,为合理提供服务以满足老年人居家医疗服务需要提供参考。

方法

采用目的抽样的方法在北京市各区发放问卷,了解老年人对于居家医疗服务的需要及获得情况;运用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计学描述、单因素分析及logistic回归分析,了解老年人居家医疗服务需要的影响因素。

结果

受访老人的居家医疗服务需要率为64.1%,有需要老人的总体服务利用率为54.6%;26个居家医疗服务项目的平均需要满足率仅37.4%。年龄、文化程度、平均月收入、照护者类型、能力等级、自评健康状况、过去一年是否有住院史是老人居家医疗服务需要的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

老人居家医疗服务的需要率高,但服务内容与需要之间存在结构性脱节,部分专业化、技术性较强的服务需要未能得到充分响应。未来应进一步提升居家医疗服务可及性,扩大服务供给并聚焦重点人群。

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贾溜溜(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:老年健康服务

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胡琳琳,E-mail:
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Purchase intention of home-based elderly care services among the elderly in urban and rural areas and its influencing factors decomposition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045023800590668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=21, issue=7, pageStart=1179, pageEnd=1183, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=35, authorNames=谭梅, 张雨婷, 张艳, journalName=中华全科医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谭梅,张雨婷,张艳,等. 基于安德森模型的老年人社区居家医养结合服务需求及影响因素分析[J]. 中华全科医学,2023, 21(7):1179-1183., articleTitle=基于安德森模型的老年人社区居家医养结合服务需求及影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045023880282445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=21, issue=7, pageStart=1179, pageEnd=1183, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Tan M, Zhang YT, Zhang Y, journalName=Chinese Journal of General Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tan M, Zhang YT, Zhang Y, et al. 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Study on the influencing factors of the elderly’s utilization of home and community care services:An empirical analysis based on CHARLS data[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Policy, 2023, 16(8): 16-23. 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Research on supplier’s and acquirer’s perspective of integrated medical and nursing care provided by community health centers[D]. Beijing: Peking University Health Science Center, 2021. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on supplier’s and acquirer’s perspective of integrated medical and nursing care provided by community health centers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045025054687571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=58, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=42, authorNames=曾起艳, 何志鹏, 曾寅初, journalName=西北人口, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曾起艳,何志鹏,曾寅初.老年人居家养老服务的偏好模式与归因分析[J]. 西北人口,2023, 44(5):58-69., articleTitle=老年人居家养老服务的偏好模式与归因分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324045028619845973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=58, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Zeng QY, He ZP, Zeng YC, journalName=Northwest Population Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zeng QY, He ZP, Zeng YC. Study on the preference patterns of home-based care services for the elderly and its influencing factors[J]. Northwest Population Journal, 2023, 44(5): 58-69. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the preference patterns of home-based care services for the elderly and its influencing factors, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324045009565122853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, awardId=72034005, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金重点项目(72034005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324045009657397542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, awardId=2021-I2M-1-046, language=CN, fundingSource=中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-046), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324044999985332460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044999993721069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, companyId=1324044999985332460, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045000002109678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, companyId=1324044999985332460, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院卫生健康管理政策学院,北京 100193)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324045000081801456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045000090190065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, companyId=1324045000081801456, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.复旦大学公共卫生学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324045000195047666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045000203436275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, companyId=1324045000195047666, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.北京市丰台区社区卫生服务管理中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324045000308293876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324045000316682485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, companyId=1324045000308293876, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.北京市丰台区新村社区卫生服务中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324045004653592855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information of the respondents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数(占比,%)项目人数(占比,%)
性别能力等级
女1 216(55.9)能力完好562(25.8)
男961(44.1)轻度失能839(38.5)
年龄(岁)中度失能390(17.9)
60~74679(31.2)重度失能386(17.7)
75~891 266(58.2)自评健康状况
≥90232(10.7)很好167(7.7)
文化程度好360(16.5)
小学及以下899(41.3)一般1 135(52.1)
初中759(34.9)不好345(15.8)
高中358(16.4)很不好157(7.2)
本科及以上161(7.4)不清楚13(0.6)
主要照护者类型常见慢性病种类
亲友(子女/配偶/亲戚/朋友)为主要照护者1 884(86.5)0190(8.7)
保姆/护工为主要照护者220(10.1)1~2792(36.4)
没有照护者/自理73(3.4)3~4756(34.7)
平均每月收入≥5439(20.2)
低收入(≤1 600元)520(23.9)过去一年是否住过院
中等收入(1 601~5 000元)1 097(50.4)否1 465(67.3)
高收入(>5 000元)444(20.4)是712(32.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1324045004733284632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

被调查者的一般情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数(占比,%)项目人数(占比,%)
性别能力等级
女1 216(55.9)能力完好562(25.8)
男961(44.1)轻度失能839(38.5)
年龄(岁)中度失能390(17.9)
60~74679(31.2)重度失能386(17.7)
75~891 266(58.2)自评健康状况
≥90232(10.7)很好167(7.7)
文化程度好360(16.5)
小学及以下899(41.3)一般1 135(52.1)
初中759(34.9)不好345(15.8)
高中358(16.4)很不好157(7.2)
本科及以上161(7.4)不清楚13(0.6)
主要照护者类型常见慢性病种类
亲友(子女/配偶/亲戚/朋友)为主要照护者1 884(86.5)0190(8.7)
保姆/护工为主要照护者220(10.1)1~2792(36.4)
没有照护者/自理73(3.4)3~4756(34.7)
平均每月收入≥5439(20.2)
低收入(≤1 600元)520(23.9)过去一年是否住过院
中等收入(1 601~5 000元)1 097(50.4)否1 465(67.3)
高收入(>5 000元)444(20.4)是712(32.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1324045004821365017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Overall demand and utilization of home-based healthcare services among the respondents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数
(占比,%)
居家医疗服务需要程度
非常需要593(27.2)
需要499(22.9)
一般305(14.0)
不需要780(35.8)
是否曾利用过居家医疗服务
是798(36.7)
否1 379(63.3)
居家医疗服务的供需对接情况a
需要且利用过居家医疗服务763(54.6)
需要但未利用过居家医疗服务634(45.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1324045004922028314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

居家医疗服务的总体需要和利用情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数
(占比,%)
居家医疗服务需要程度
非常需要593(27.2)
需要499(22.9)
一般305(14.0)
不需要780(35.8)
是否曾利用过居家医疗服务
是798(36.7)
否1 379(63.3)
居家医疗服务的供需对接情况a
需要且利用过居家医疗服务763(54.6)
需要但未利用过居家医疗服务634(45.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1324045005010108699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Demand and fulfillment of specific home-based healthcare services among the respondents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
服务项目需要人数
(率,%)
需要满足率
(%)
诊疗服务类
体格检查992(45.6)63.1
药物治疗919(42.2)59.6
血糖测量688(31.6)57.4
中医诊疗技术542(24.9)32.3
诊疗操作485(22.3)47.4
医疗护理类
注射392(18.0)46.4
皮肤护理346(15.9)35.6
更换尿管334(15.3)47.0
雾化吸入312(14.3)29.8
更换胃管306(14.1)44.1
鼻饲279(12.8)35.8
吸痰270(12.4)28.2
伤口护理249(11.4)28.1
引流管护理216(9.9)22.2
PICC或输液管维护203(9.3)12.8
造口或气切护理187(8.6)14.4
康复治疗类
康复指导500(23.0)35.6
运动疗法426(19.6)30.3
作业疗法411(18.9)30.2
物理因子治疗385(17.7)27.0
言语及吞咽治疗304(14.0)24.7
其他服务
用药指导和咨询680(31.2)52.2
舒适照护536(24.6)43.3
中医健康指导533(24.5)40.3
症状控制493(22.7)44.0
心理疏导462(21.2)40.9
), ArticleFig(id=1324045005093994780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各项居家医疗服务的需要及需要满足情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
服务项目需要人数
(率,%)
需要满足率
(%)
诊疗服务类
体格检查992(45.6)63.1
药物治疗919(42.2)59.6
血糖测量688(31.6)57.4
中医诊疗技术542(24.9)32.3
诊疗操作485(22.3)47.4
医疗护理类
注射392(18.0)46.4
皮肤护理346(15.9)35.6
更换尿管334(15.3)47.0
雾化吸入312(14.3)29.8
更换胃管306(14.1)44.1
鼻饲279(12.8)35.8
吸痰270(12.4)28.2
伤口护理249(11.4)28.1
引流管护理216(9.9)22.2
PICC或输液管维护203(9.3)12.8
造口或气切护理187(8.6)14.4
康复治疗类
康复指导500(23.0)35.6
运动疗法426(19.6)30.3
作业疗法411(18.9)30.2
物理因子治疗385(17.7)27.0
言语及吞咽治疗304(14.0)24.7
其他服务
用药指导和咨询680(31.2)52.2
舒适照护536(24.6)43.3
中医健康指导533(24.5)40.3
症状控制493(22.7)44.0
心理疏导462(21.2)40.9
), ArticleFig(id=1324045005190463773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Home health care needs by population characteristics and univariate analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量需要不需要需要率(%)χ2P值
年龄33.8520.000
年轻老年人(60~74岁)29638343.6
一般老年人(75~89岁)64462250.9
长寿老年人(≥90岁)1528065.5
性别0.8940.344
女性59961749.3
男性49346851.3
文化程度11.7710.008
初中38737251.0
小学及以下42447547.2
本科及以上996261.5
高中18217650.8
照护者类型60.4100.000
没有照护者/自理175623.3
亲友(子女/配偶/亲戚/朋友)为主要照护者91996548.8
保姆/护工为主要照护者1566470.9
平均每月收入15.2560.000
低收入(≤1 600元)23928146.0
中等收入(1 601~5 000元)60449355.1
高收入(≥5 000元)20923547.1
老年人能力等级188.5220.000
能力完好16639629.5
轻度失能40943048.8
中度失能24015061.5
重度失能27710971.8
自评健康状况102.1640.000
一般54658948.1
不好20314258.8
不清楚10376.9
好14621440.6
很不好1273080.9
很好6010735.9
常见慢性病种类67.6600.000
08011042.1
1~232746541.3
3~440335353.3
≥528215764.2
过去一年是否住过院79.9420.000
否63782843.5
是45525763.9
), ArticleFig(id=1324045005270155550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

按人群特征分类的居家医疗服务的需要情况及单因素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量需要不需要需要率(%)χ2P值
年龄33.8520.000
年轻老年人(60~74岁)29638343.6
一般老年人(75~89岁)64462250.9
长寿老年人(≥90岁)1528065.5
性别0.8940.344
女性59961749.3
男性49346851.3
文化程度11.7710.008
初中38737251.0
小学及以下42447547.2
本科及以上996261.5
高中18217650.8
照护者类型60.4100.000
没有照护者/自理175623.3
亲友(子女/配偶/亲戚/朋友)为主要照护者91996548.8
保姆/护工为主要照护者1566470.9
平均每月收入15.2560.000
低收入(≤1 600元)23928146.0
中等收入(1 601~5 000元)60449355.1
高收入(≥5 000元)20923547.1
老年人能力等级188.5220.000
能力完好16639629.5
轻度失能40943048.8
中度失能24015061.5
重度失能27710971.8
自评健康状况102.1640.000
一般54658948.1
不好20314258.8
不清楚10376.9
好14621440.6
很不好1273080.9
很好6010735.9
常见慢性病种类67.6600.000
08011042.1
1~232746541.3
3~440335353.3
≥528215764.2
过去一年是否住过院79.9420.000
否63782843.5
是45525763.9
), ArticleFig(id=1324045005354041631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Variable coding table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
因变量
目前对居家医疗护理服务的需要程度不需要=0,需要=1
自变量
年龄90岁及以上=1,75~89岁,60~74岁=3
文化程度小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中=3,本科及以上=4
平均每月收入低收入(≤1 600元)=1,中等收入(1 601~5 000元)=2,高收入(≥5 000元)=3
照护者类型没有照护者/自理=1,亲友(子女/配偶/亲戚/朋友)为主要照护者=2,保姆/护工为主要照护者=3
老年人能力等级重度失能=1,中度失能=2,轻度失能=3,能力完好=4
自评健康状况不清楚=1,很不好=2,不好=3,一般=4,好=5,很好=6
常见慢性病种类5种及以上=1,3-4种=2,1-2种=3,无=4
过去一年中是否住过院否=1,是=2
), ArticleFig(id=1324045005433733408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
因变量
目前对居家医疗护理服务的需要程度不需要=0,需要=1
自变量
年龄90岁及以上=1,75~89岁,60~74岁=3
文化程度小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中=3,本科及以上=4
平均每月收入低收入(≤1 600元)=1,中等收入(1 601~5 000元)=2,高收入(≥5 000元)=3
照护者类型没有照护者/自理=1,亲友(子女/配偶/亲戚/朋友)为主要照护者=2,保姆/护工为主要照护者=3
老年人能力等级重度失能=1,中度失能=2,轻度失能=3,能力完好=4
自评健康状况不清楚=1,很不好=2,不好=3,一般=4,好=5,很好=6
常见慢性病种类5种及以上=1,3-4种=2,1-2种=3,无=4
过去一年中是否住过院否=1,是=2
), ArticleFig(id=1324045005517619489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of home healthcare service needs among the elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量B标准误差瓦尔德显著性OR(95%CI)
年龄(参考:60~74岁)
75~89岁0.2370.1074.9130.0271.268(1.028~1.564)
90岁及以上0.6040.18011.2570.0011.829(1.285~2.602)
文化程度(参考:本科及以上)
小学及以下-0.7180.21011.7410.0010.487(0.323~0.735)
初中-0.4530.2084.7370.0300.635(0.422~0.956)
高中-0.4520.2184.2880.0380.636(0.415~0.976)
照护者类型(参考:保姆/护工为主要照护者)
没有照护者/自理-1.3010.37911.8060.0010.272(0.130~0.572)
亲友(子女/配偶/亲戚/朋友)为主要照护者-0.7810.18018.8950.0000.458(0.322~0.651)
平均每月收入(参考:高收入(5 001及以上))
低收入(0~1 600元)0.3190.1554.2210.0401.376(1.015~1.866)
中等收入(1 601~5 000)0.5120.12816.0540.0001.668(1.299~2.143)
老年人能力等级(参考:能力完好)
重度失能1.1290.18138.7910.0003.093(2.168~4.413)
中度失能0.6300.13023.4430.0001.878(1.455~2.424)
轻度失能1.0170.16338.8060.0002.765(2.008~3.808)
自评健康状况(参考:很好)
不清楚0.1950.7200.0730.7871.215(0.296~4.985)
很不好0.8110.3037.1850.0072.250(1.244~4.071)
不好0.0840.2290.1340.7141.087(0.694~1.704)
一般0.0160.1930.0070.9361.016(0.696~1.483)
好0.1210.2090.3370.5621.129(0.750~1.698)
常见慢性病种类(参考:无)
1~2种0.0220.1850.0140.9061.022(0.712~1.468)
3~4种-0.3110.1812.9380.0870.733(0.513~1.046)
5种及以上0.1830.2080.7690.3801.201(0.798~1.807)
过去一年是否住过院(参考:是)
否-0.7550.17524.502 30.0000.598(0.487~0.733)
), ArticleFig(id=1324045005601505570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

老人居家医疗服务需要的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量B标准误差瓦尔德显著性OR(95%CI)
年龄(参考:60~74岁)
75~89岁0.2370.1074.9130.0271.268(1.028~1.564)
90岁及以上0.6040.18011.2570.0011.829(1.285~2.602)
文化程度(参考:本科及以上)
小学及以下-0.7180.21011.7410.0010.487(0.323~0.735)
初中-0.4530.2084.7370.0300.635(0.422~0.956)
高中-0.4520.2184.2880.0380.636(0.415~0.976)
照护者类型(参考:保姆/护工为主要照护者)
没有照护者/自理-1.3010.37911.8060.0010.272(0.130~0.572)
亲友(子女/配偶/亲戚/朋友)为主要照护者-0.7810.18018.8950.0000.458(0.322~0.651)
平均每月收入(参考:高收入(5 001及以上))
低收入(0~1 600元)0.3190.1554.2210.0401.376(1.015~1.866)
中等收入(1 601~5 000)0.5120.12816.0540.0001.668(1.299~2.143)
老年人能力等级(参考:能力完好)
重度失能1.1290.18138.7910.0003.093(2.168~4.413)
中度失能0.6300.13023.4430.0001.878(1.455~2.424)
轻度失能1.0170.16338.8060.0002.765(2.008~3.808)
自评健康状况(参考:很好)
不清楚0.1950.7200.0730.7871.215(0.296~4.985)
很不好0.8110.3037.1850.0072.250(1.244~4.071)
不好0.0840.2290.1340.7141.087(0.694~1.704)
一般0.0160.1930.0070.9361.016(0.696~1.483)
好0.1210.2090.3370.5621.129(0.750~1.698)
常见慢性病种类(参考:无)
1~2种0.0220.1850.0140.9061.022(0.712~1.468)
3~4种-0.3110.1812.9380.0870.733(0.513~1.046)
5种及以上0.1830.2080.7690.3801.201(0.798~1.807)
过去一年是否住过院(参考:是)
否-0.7550.17524.502 30.0000.598(0.487~0.733)
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居家医疗服务重点人群服务需要及影响因素研究——基于北京市的调查
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贾溜溜 1 , 许越 1, 2 , 林庆 3, 4 , 胡琳琳 1
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2026,53(10): 1809-1816
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现代预防医学 |基层卫生服务 2026 , 53 (10) : 1809 -1816
居家医疗服务重点人群服务需要及影响因素研究——基于北京市的调查
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[Author(id=1324045000396374263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324045000476066041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, authorId=1324045000396374263, language=EN, stringName=Liu-liu JIA, firstName=Liu-liu, middleName=null, lastName=JIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324045000589312250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044775237755671, authorId=1324045000396374263, language=CN, stringName=贾溜溜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院卫生健康管理政策学院,北京 100193, bio={"content":"

贾溜溜(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:老年健康服务

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贾溜溜(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:老年健康服务

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贾溜溜1, 许越1, 2, 林庆3, 4, 胡琳琳1
作者信息
  • 1.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院卫生健康管理政策学院,北京 100193
  • 2.复旦大学公共卫生学院
  • 3.北京市丰台区社区卫生服务管理中心
  • 4.北京市丰台区新村社区卫生服务中心
通讯作者:
胡琳琳,E-mail:
作者简介:

贾溜溜(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:老年健康服务

Needs and influencing factors of home health care services among key elderly populations—based on a survey in Beijing
Liu-liu JIA1, Yue XU1, 2, Qing LIN3, 4, Lin-lin HU1
Affiliations
  • School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510201
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目的

了解我国居家医疗重点人群服务需要与利用现状及需要的影响因素,为合理提供服务以满足老年人居家医疗服务需要提供参考。

方法

采用目的抽样的方法在北京市各区发放问卷,了解老年人对于居家医疗服务的需要及获得情况;运用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计学描述、单因素分析及logistic回归分析,了解老年人居家医疗服务需要的影响因素。

结果

受访老人的居家医疗服务需要率为64.1%,有需要老人的总体服务利用率为54.6%;26个居家医疗服务项目的平均需要满足率仅37.4%。年龄、文化程度、平均月收入、照护者类型、能力等级、自评健康状况、过去一年是否有住院史是老人居家医疗服务需要的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

老人居家医疗服务的需要率高,但服务内容与需要之间存在结构性脱节,部分专业化、技术性较强的服务需要未能得到充分响应。未来应进一步提升居家医疗服务可及性,扩大服务供给并聚焦重点人群。

社区居家医疗  /  居家养老  /  医养结合  /  老年健康服务  /  影响因素分析
Objective

To examine the needs and utilization of home health care services among key elderly populations in China and identify factors influencing service needs, providing evidence for service improvement.

Methods

A purposive sampling survey was conducted in Beijing. Data on older adults’ needs and utilization of home health care services were collected. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were performed using SPSS 26.0.

Results

The need rate for home health care services was 64.1%, and the utilization rate among those with needs was 54.6%. The average need-satisfaction rate across 26 service items was 37.4%. Age, education, monthly income, caregiver type, functional ability, self-rated health, and hospitalization in the past year were significant influencing factors(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Although demand is high, a structural mismatch exists between service provision and needs, particularly for more specialized services. Efforts should focus on improving accessibility, expanding supply, and prioritizing high-need populations.

Home health care  /  Home-based elderly care  /  Integration of health and elderly care  /  Elderly health services  /  Analysis of influencing factors
贾溜溜, 许越, 林庆, 胡琳琳. 居家医疗服务重点人群服务需要及影响因素研究——基于北京市的调查. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1809 -1816 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510201
Liu-liu JIA, Yue XU, Qing LIN, Lin-lin HU. Needs and influencing factors of home health care services among key elderly populations—based on a survey in Beijing[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (10) : 1809 -1816 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510201
我国已于2022年步入中度老龄化社会,是世界上老年人口数量最大的国家[1]。加强居家医疗服务工作是解决高龄和失能老年人看病就医难点痛点、积极应对人口老龄化的迫切需要[2],国家老龄委等有关部门也在相关文件中指出发展社区居家医疗有利于满足老年人健康和养老服务需要、是促进医养结合的重要举措[3-4]。
居家医疗服务是指医疗机构医务人员按照有关要求为特定人群提供诊疗服务、医疗护理、康复治疗、药学服务等上门医疗服务[2]。目前居家医疗已经在我国部分地区落地实施,但老人对居家医疗服务的利用程度还处于较低水平,机构提供的服务难以和老年人的需要精准对接是普遍存在的问题[5-7]。现有关于居家医疗服务的调查多聚焦于服务需要,而对服务的实际满足状况关注不足,尤其缺乏针对具体服务项目的需要与利用匹配状况的系统性分析[8-10]。同时,既有研究对象多集中于失能老人或慢病老人等单一群体,缺乏对居家医疗重点服务对象的整体性考察[11-12]。本研究依据现行居家医疗相关政策中对重点服务对象的界定,对各项居家医疗服务的需要及实际利用情况进行细化测量,揭示供需错配的具体环节,并进一步探讨老人居家医疗服务需要的影响因素,以期为精准识别老年人服务需要、优化居家医疗服务供给提供实证依据。
本研究的主要资料通过问卷调查获得,调查对象涵盖高龄或失能、患有慢性疾病和处于疾病康复期或终末期的老年人。本研究已通过首都医科大学医学伦理委员会批准(批准号:2020SY047)。
样本量依据横断面调查的样本量计算公式确定。在置信水平95%(Z=1.96)、P=0.5、允许误差d=0.05的条件下,并考虑设计效应deff=1.5及约15%的无应答率,最终确定最小样本量为680例。
在机构层面,本研究将北京市22个提供居家医疗服务的社区卫生服务机构全部纳入,在其辖区内选取多个社区开展调查,纳入标准为具备一定规模常住老年人口且能够配合完成调查的社区,排除无法有效开展调查的社区。在个体层面,通过目的抽样选取重点服务对象,纳入标准为年龄≥60岁、居住于研究社区的居家医疗重点服务人群(包括高龄或失能老年人、患有慢性疾病的老年人和处于疾病康复期或终末期的老年人),能够由本人或照护者完成问卷并同意参与调查;排除标准为已入住养老机构的老年人。为提高代表性,在失能老年人样本中根据失能程度进行分层控制,确保轻、中和重度失能状态均有覆盖。
鉴于本研究覆盖22个社区卫生服务机构辖区,在满足最小样本量要求的基础上,为保证每个社区均有一定数量的调查对象纳入分析,实际调查样本量有所扩大。调查共收集问卷2 206份,有效问卷2 177份,问卷有效率为98.7%。
本调查使用项目组自行设计的《北京市居家老年人健康服务需求调查问卷》。问卷以北京市居家医疗服务相关政策及实际服务内容为依据,包括两个部分:
(1)受访者基本信息:社会人口学信息、主要照护者及健康相关信息,包括老年人能力等级(对接受过《北京市老年人能力评估实施办法(试行)》中的能力评估的老年人直接填写能力等级结果;未接受的由医护人员根据现场观察和访谈所得的自理与活动能力、认知能力与精神状态、以及感知觉与沟通能力等核心功能表现信息进行判断)、自评健康状况、常见慢病患病情况、过去一年是否住院等。
(2)健康服务调查:①对居家医疗服务的总体需要及利用情况;②对给定的26种居家医疗项目的需要与利用情况。
由各社区卫生服务中心的医护人员面对面询问受访者的形式收集问卷。问卷收集后由两名研究人员分别进行筛查,排除存在明显错误或与逻辑不符的问卷。
本研究所述常见慢性病包括高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、心脏疾病、中风等13种常见慢性疾病。同时设置开放式补充选项,以避免慢性病信息的遗漏。
居家医疗服务需要率指在调查对象中存在居家医疗服务需要的老年人所占比例。计算公式为:居家医疗服务需要率=需要居家医疗服务的人数/调查总人数×100%。 “需要居家医疗服务”依据问卷中“您目前对居家医疗护理服务的需求程度”题项进行界定,将“非常需要”“需要”或“一般需要”界定为“有需要”,将“不需要”的界定为“无需要”。
居家医疗服务利用率指调查对象中曾利用过居家医疗服务的老年人所占比例。其计算公式为:居家医疗服务利用率=利用过居家医疗服务的人数/调查总人数×100%。
居家医疗服务需要满足率指在有居家医疗服务需要的老年人中,实际利用过居家医疗服务者所占比例。其计算公式为:居家医疗服务需要满足率=需要且利用过居家医疗服务的人数/需要居家医疗服务的人数×100%。26项具体居家医疗服务项目的平均需要满足率由各单项服务的需要满足率取算术平均值得到。
采用SPSS 26.0对数据进行描述与分析。对老人居家医疗服务需要和利用情况做描述性统计分析,计数资料采用频数、百分比描述,组间比较采用χ2检验;采用多因素logistic回归分析老人居家医疗服务需要的影响因素,检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
被调查者一般情况见表1。受访的女性多于男性,平均年龄为79.2岁,超过3/4是初中及以下学历,平均月收入均值为3 886.4元。配偶和子女等亲属是受访老年人的主要照护者。被调查者健康状况方面,受访老年人的能力等级能够与其自评健康状况能够较好对应,约3/4的受访老年人存在不同程度的失能或认为自身健康状况一般或不好。约1/3的被调查者在过去一年内曾住院。91.3%的受访老年人患有至少一种常见慢性病,平均每名受访者患3.0种常见慢性病。
被调查者对居家医疗服务的总体需要见表2。受访老年人总体居家医疗服务需要率为64.1%。超过1/3的受访老年人利用过居家医疗服务。需要与利用的对接方面,超过1/3的受访老年人认为自己有居家医疗服务需要但从未利用过居家医疗服务。
表3列举了四类居家医疗服务累计26项服务项目的需要率和需要满足率。体格检查和药物治疗的需要率超过40%,血糖测量、用药指导和咨询的需要率超过30%,其他各项服务的需要率大多处于10%~25%之间。引流管护理、PICC或输液管维护、造口或气切护理的需要率仅在8%~10%之间。这些服务项目的需要满足率也存在较大差距,体格检查、用药指导和咨询、药物治疗和血糖测量的需要满足率较高,而PICC或输液管维护、造口或气切护理服务的需要满足率仅在10%~15%之间。
卡方检验结果显示,不同年龄、文化程度、照护者类型、平均每月收入、能力等级、自评健康状况、常见慢性病种类和住院历史的老年人对居家医疗服务的需要存在显著差异。
将具有统计学差异的变量纳入多因素模型(表5),结果显示年龄、文化程度、平均月收入、照护者类型、老年人能力等级、自评健康状况和过去一月是否有住院史是老人居家医疗服务需要的影响因素(表6)。
随着年龄的增长,老年人居家医疗服务需要显著上升,高龄老年人的需要高于一般老年人和低龄老年人(OR=1.268,95%CI:1.028~1.564;OR=1.829,95%CI:1.285~2.602)。与本科及以上人群相比,小学及以下、初中和高中学历老人的需要均显著较低(OR=0.487,95%CI:0.323~0.735;OR=0.635,95%CI:0.422~0.956;OR=0.636,95%CI:0.415~0.976)。护工或保姆照护的老人需要最高,自理老人及由亲友照料的老人需要均明显更低(OR=0.272,95%CI:0.130~0.572;OR=0.458,95%CI:0.322~0.651)。低收入和中等收入老人需要高于高收入老年人(OR=1.376,95%CI:1.015~1.866;OR=1.668,95%CI:1.299~2.143)。重度失能老人需要显著高于能力完好老人(OR=3.093, 95%CI:2.168~4.413)。自评健康状况很不好的老年人需要显著高于自评健康很好的人群(OR=2.250,95%CI:1.244~4.071)。过去一年住院经历明显关联更高需要,未住院老人的需要显著更低(OR=0.598,95%CI:0.487~0.733)。
共有1 397名(64.1%)受访者对居家医疗服务有不同程度的需要。这一需要比例明显高于以往学者调查的结果[13-14],一方面可能在于本调查主要选取了高龄、失能和处于疾病康复期的老人等重点群体作为调查对象;另一方面,本研究将“非常需要”“需要”及“一般需要”均界定为存在需要,可能在一定程度上提高了需要率水平。分项目来看,需要率最高的是体格检查(45.6%)、药物治疗(42.2%)、血糖测量(31.6%)和用药指导(31.2%)等基础性刚需类服务项目。
需要居家医疗服务的老年人中有54.4%的老年人曾利用过相关服务,整体服务利用率较高,这可能与北京市近年来持续推进居家医疗服务体系建设有关[15-16]。进一步分析各项具体居家医疗服务项目的需要满足情况,26项居家医疗服务的平均需要满足率仅37.4%,PICC或输液管维护、造口或气切护理和物理因子治疗等专业性医疗护理服务的需要满足率仅在10%~30%之间。单项服务的低需要满足率与总体服务的高利用率之间的差异表明,尽管大多数居家老年人获得了上门医疗服务,但现有服务的项目与老年人的实际医疗护理需要之间存在明显的结构性不匹配,部分专业化、技术性较强的需要难以得到充分响应。
总体而言,老年人对居家医疗服务的需要会随着健康状况的恶化而增加,这符合医疗服务的利用规律且与既往研究结论一致[13,16-17]。需要注意的是,在logistic回归分析中,自评健康状况的多数等级未达到统计学显著性,这可能与该指标主观性较强,以及其与能力等级、住院经历等健康变量之间存在一定相关性有关。此外,慢性病种类数在多因素logistic回归中未显示统计学显著性,这与部分既往研究结论不符[18-19]。一方面,当前居家医疗服务以基础医疗和护理为主,慢性病复杂程度较高时,老年人更倾向于前往大型医院就诊[15]。另一方面,另一方面,该变量可能与功能受限、自评健康及住院经历等存在相关性[20]。尽管未呈现显著结果,但描述性需要率分析显示,居家医疗服务需要率随慢性病种类数增加而呈上升趋势,其潜在影响仍值得进一步关注。
关于收入对居家医疗服务需要的影响,既往研究结论不一[18,21-23]。本研究显示,中等收入老年人对居家医疗服务的需要最高,这可能与居家医疗服务的价格水平以及不同收入群体在医疗服务支付能力上的差异密切相关。居家医疗服务的费用水平在一定程度上高于普通门诊,但相较长期住院治疗具有明显的成本优势,使其在满足医疗需要的同时具备较好的经济可承受性。
相较于自理老人和由亲属照护的老人,由护工或保姆照护的老人对居家医疗服务的需要更高。这一差异可能与不同照护者类型的老年人自身的健康状况和家庭支持系统密切相关。需要护工或保姆照护的老人通常缺乏必要的自理能力,存在更严重的健康问题,其护理需要更接近于正式医疗照护的水平,对居家医疗服务有更高的需要。此外,这些老人往往也易于面临家庭支持不足的问题,前往医疗机构可能面临更多实际困难,促使他们对居家医疗服务有更高需要。
老年人对居家医疗服务有较高需要,但目前仍面临服务利用不足、供需脱节等问题。为此,未来政策应进一步提升居家医疗服务的可及性,扩大服务供给;聚焦重点人群,精准对接需要;完善配套政策,优化定价和支付机制等。
本研究亦存在一定局限性。首先,样本仅来源于北京市,其在居家医疗服务政策推进力度与资源配置等方面具有一定的领先性,研究结论代表性有限。其次,问卷主要反映老年人的主观服务需要,但由于缺乏医学专业知识,其对居家医疗服务需要的判断主要基于个人体验与感知,可能与实际需要存在一定偏差。未来研究可纳入多地区样本,并结合客观服务利用数据,以提升结论的代表性与解释力。
  • 国家自然科学基金重点项目(72034005)
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-046)
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2026年第53卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510201
  • 接收时间:2025-10-17
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-17
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(72034005)
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-046)
作者信息
    1.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院卫生健康管理政策学院,北京 100193
    2.复旦大学公共卫生学院
    3.北京市丰台区社区卫生服务管理中心
    4.北京市丰台区新村社区卫生服务中心

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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