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Article(id=1311349884846960674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510192, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760457600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579776249, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1783612800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579776249, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579776249, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579776249, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311349802038821144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='13', pageStart='2305', pageEnd='2496', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783612800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579756507, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790588376143, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311385955492258162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311385955496452467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311349802038821144, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2386, endPage=2391, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311349885060870179, articleId=1311349884846960674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Household lighting conditions and influencing factors among preschool children in Kunshan City, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the current situation of household illuminance among preschool children in Kunshan City, and to explore the relationships between caregiver characteristics, parents’ educational levels, parents’ myopia status, and compliance with household illuminance standards.

Methods

A total of 1 512 preschool children from 8 kindergartens in Kunshan City were selected as the research subjects, and data such as the characteristics of caregivers, parents’ educational levels, and myopia status were collected. The TES-1332A illuminance meter was used to measure the illuminance of each space in the home in a standardized manner, and the χ2 test was adopted to analyze the impact of different factors on compliance with household illuminance standards.

Results

The illuminance in most family spaces did not meet the standards. The compliance rates from highest to lowest were bedroom 59.09% (468/792), study desk 39.42% (203/515), living room tabletop 24.07% (156/648), dining room tabletop 20.23% (121/598), living room 17.59% (155/881), bedroom tabletop 15.43% (50/324), and dining room 8.91% (70/786). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that after multivariable adjustment, caregiver type, caregiver and parental educational levels, and parental myopia status remained significantly associated with compliance with household illuminance standards. Compared with other caregivers, parental care was associated with increased compliance rates for bedroom and dining room tabletop illuminance, serving as a protective factor for qualified household illuminance in the above areas (bedroom: OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.07-2.06, P=0.019; dining room tabletop: OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.13-3.29, P=0.017). In terms of educational level, taking caregivers with senior high school education or below as the reference group, caregivers with a college degree or above were correlated with the increased compliance rate of illuminance in bedrooms and dining room tabletop, which were identified as protective factors (bedroom: OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.15-2.12, P=0.004; dining room tabletop: OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.04-2.67, P=0.033). With parents having senior high school education or below as the reference, parental education of college degree or above was associated with higher compliance rate of bedroom illuminance and acted as a protective factor for qualified bedroom illuminance (OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.32-3.99, P=0.014). In addition, compared with children of non-myopic parents, children with both myopic parents showed a higher compliance rate of living room tabletop illuminance, and bilateral parental myopia was a protective factor for qualified living room tabletop illuminance (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.09-3.33, P=0.038).

Conclusion

Overall compliance with household illuminance standards among preschool children in Kunshan City is relatively poor, and it is closely related to caregiver characteristics, parental education level and parental myopia status. Improving the family lighting environment, especially carrying out targeted interventions for high-risk families, may help in the prevention and control of childhood myopia.

, authors=Pei FENG1, Lei CHEN1, You-dan TU2, Chong-ke ZHONG2, Xin JIN1, Ping LU1, Xia HAN1, authorsList=Pei FENG, Lei CHEN, You-dan TU, Chong-ke ZHONG, Xin JIN, Ping LU, Xia HAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lei CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311349885450940452, articleId=1311349884846960674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=昆山市学龄前儿童家庭照度现况及影响因素研究, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析昆山市学龄前儿童家庭照度的现况，并分析照养人特征、父母教育程度及近视情况与家庭照度达标状况的关系。

方法

选取昆山市8家幼儿园的1 512名学龄前儿童为研究对象，收集照养人特征、父母教育程度及近视情况等数据。使用泰仕TES-1332A照度计，规范测量家庭各空间照度，采用χ2检验分析不同因素对家庭照度达标情况的影响。

结果

多数家庭空间照度不达标，达标率由高到低依次为：卧室59.09%（468/792）、书桌39.42%（203/515）、客厅桌面24.07%（156/648）、餐厅桌面20.23%（121/598）、客厅17.59%（155/881）、卧室桌面15.43%（50/324）、餐厅8.91%（70/786）。二元logistic回归分析显示，在调整多因素后，照养人类型、照养人及父母教育程度、父母近视状况仍与家庭照度达标率显著相关。与其他照养人相比，父母照养与卧室、餐厅桌面照度达标率的提升相关，为两类区域照度达标的保护因素（卧室：OR=1.48，95% CI：1.07～2.06，P=0.019；餐厅桌面：OR=1.93，95% CI：1.13～3.29，P=0.017）。在教育程度方面，以照养人均为高中及以下学历为参照，照养人均为大学及以上学历与卧室、餐厅桌面照度达标率的提升相关，为保护因素（卧室：OR=1.56，95% CI：1.15～2.12，P=0.004；餐厅桌面：OR=1.67，95% CI：1.04～2.67，P=0.033）。以父母均为高中及以下学历为参照，父母均为大学及以上学历与卧室照度达标率的提升相关，为卧室照度达标的保护因素（OR=2.29，95% CI：1.32～3.99，P=0.014）。此外，相较于父母均无近视，父母双方均近视与客厅桌面照度达标率的提升相关，是客厅桌面照度达标的保护因素（OR=1.90，95% CI：1.09～3.33，P=0.038）。

结论

昆山市学龄前儿童家庭照度达标情况总体较差，家庭照度达标情况与照养人特征、父母教育程度及近视情况密切相关。改善家庭照明环境，尤其是针对高风险家庭开展精准干预，有助于儿童近视防控。

, authors=冯佩1, 陈磊1, 涂又丹2, 仲崇科2, 金欣1, 卢平1, 韩霞1, authorsList=冯佩, 陈磊, 涂又丹, 仲崇科, 金欣, 卢平, 韩霞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈磊, authorNote=

冯佩（1987—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：妇幼群体保健

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈磊，E-mail：
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冯佩（1987—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：妇幼群体保健

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International Journal of Clinical Practice, 2022, 13:4123470., articleTitle=The influence of parents'background and their perception on the progression of myopia in children, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311349890236641371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, awardId=GWZX202305, language=CN, fundingSource=苏州市重大疾病、传染病预防和控制关键技术（研究）项目(GWZX202305), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311349890307944540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, awardId=KSYF2024007, language=CN, fundingSource=昆山市预防医学科研课题(KSYF2024007), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311349891960500317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, awardId=KSZ2522, language=CN, fundingSource=2025年昆山市重点研发计划（社会发展）项目(KSZ2522), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311349885681627173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349885690015782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, companyId=1311349885681627173, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Kunshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349885698404391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, companyId=1311349885681627173, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.昆山市妇幼保健院，江苏 苏州 215000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311349885765513256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311349885782290473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, companyId=1311349885765513256, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.苏州大学苏州医学院公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311349889716547669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Compliance with household illuminance standards

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地点总人数不符合标准符合标准
人数百分比(%)人数百分比(%)
客厅88172682.4115517.59
餐厅78671691.09708.91
卧室79232440.9146859.09
书桌51531260.5820339.42
客厅桌面64849275.9315624.07
餐厅桌面59847779.7712120.23
卧室桌面32427484.575015.43
), ArticleFig(id=1311349889792045142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

家庭照度测量符合标准情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地点总人数不符合标准符合标准
人数百分比(%)人数百分比(%)
客厅88172682.4115517.59
餐厅78671691.09708.91
卧室79232440.9146859.09
书桌51531260.5820339.42
客厅桌面64849275.9315624.07
餐厅桌面59847779.7712120.23
卧室桌面32427484.575015.43
), ArticleFig(id=1311349889871736919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Relationship between caregiver characteristics and compliance with illuminance standards at different locations ［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地点照养对象/照养人教育程度不符合标准(%)符合标准(%)χ2值P a值OR值（95% CI）P b值
卧室其他照养人96 (48.24)103 (51.76)5.920.0151.00
父母228 (38.45)365 (61.55)1.48 (1.07～2.06)0.019
客厅桌面其他照养人131 (77.51)38 (22.49)0.320.5741.00
父母361 (75.37)118 (24.63)1.12 (0.74～1.71)0.591
餐厅桌面其他照养人127 (86.99)19 (13.01)6.240.0131.00
父母350 (77.43)102 (22.57)1.93 (1.13～3.29)0.017
卧室桌面其他照养人78 (91.76)7 (8.24)4.360.0371.00
父母200 (82.30)43 (17.70)2.02 (0.86～4.76)0.109
卧室高中及以下126 (48.65)133 (51.35)9.540.0021.00
大学及以上198 (37.15)335 (62.85)1.56 (1.15～2.12)0.004
客厅桌面高中及以下167 (78.40)46 (21.60)1.070.3021.00
大学及以上325 (74.71)110 (25.29)1.21 (0.81～1.79)0.356
餐厅桌面高中及以下160 (85.11)28 (14.89)4.850.0281.00
大学及以上317 (77.32)93 (22.68)1.67 (1.04～2.67)0.033
卧室桌面高中及以下102 (89.47)12 (10.53)3.240.0721.00
大学及以上172 (81.90)38 (18.10)1.71 (0.84～3.51)0.140
), ArticleFig(id=1311349889984983128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同照养人特征与各地点照度标准的关系［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地点照养对象/照养人教育程度不符合标准(%)符合标准(%)χ2值P a值OR值（95% CI）P b值
卧室其他照养人96 (48.24)103 (51.76)5.920.0151.00
父母228 (38.45)365 (61.55)1.48 (1.07～2.06)0.019
客厅桌面其他照养人131 (77.51)38 (22.49)0.320.5741.00
父母361 (75.37)118 (24.63)1.12 (0.74～1.71)0.591
餐厅桌面其他照养人127 (86.99)19 (13.01)6.240.0131.00
父母350 (77.43)102 (22.57)1.93 (1.13～3.29)0.017
卧室桌面其他照养人78 (91.76)7 (8.24)4.360.0371.00
父母200 (82.30)43 (17.70)2.02 (0.86～4.76)0.109
卧室高中及以下126 (48.65)133 (51.35)9.540.0021.00
大学及以上198 (37.15)335 (62.85)1.56 (1.15～2.12)0.004
客厅桌面高中及以下167 (78.40)46 (21.60)1.070.3021.00
大学及以上325 (74.71)110 (25.29)1.21 (0.81～1.79)0.356
餐厅桌面高中及以下160 (85.11)28 (14.89)4.850.0281.00
大学及以上317 (77.32)93 (22.68)1.67 (1.04～2.67)0.033
卧室桌面高中及以下102 (89.47)12 (10.53)3.240.0721.00
大学及以上172 (81.90)38 (18.10)1.71 (0.84～3.51)0.140
), ArticleFig(id=1311349890060480601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Relationship between parental characteristics and compliance with illuminance standards at different locations ［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地点父母教育程度/父母近视情况不符合标准(%)符合标准(%)χ2值P a值OR值（95% CI）P b值
餐厅均为高中及以下52 (88.14)7 (11.86)1.660.4351.00
一方为高中及以下77 (88.51)10 (11.49)1.00 (0.35-2.83)0.291
均为大学及以上587 (91.72)53 (8.28)
卧室均为高中及以下35 (59.32)24 (40.68)9.130.0101.00
一方为高中及以下37 (41.57)52 (58.43)2.07 (1.05-4.09)
均为大学及以上252 (39.13)392 (60.87)2.29 (1.32-3.99)0.014
客厅桌面均为高中及以下45 (84.91)8 (15.09)2.680.2631.00
一方为高中及以下50 (76.92)15 (23.08)1.53 (0.59-3.99)
均为大学及以上397 (74.91)133 (25.09)1.74 (0.79-3.82)0.376
餐厅桌面均为高中及以下37 (78.72)10 (21.28)7.080.0291.00
一方为高中及以下54 (93.10)4 (6.90)0.27 (0.08-0.94)
均为大学及以上386 (78.30)107 (21.70)1.00 (0.48-2.12)0.089
餐厅均无近视120 (85.71)20 (14.29)6.140.0471.00
其中一方为近视251 (91.94)22 (8.06)0.89 (0.53-1.48)
双方均为近视345 (92.49)28 (7.51)1.02 (0.62-1.65)0.779
卧室均无近视54 (38.57)86 (61.43)0.780.6781.00
其中一方为近视124 (42.76)166 (57.24)0.86 (0.57-1.31)
双方均为近视146 (40.33)216 (59.67)0.95 (0.63-1.42)0.758
客厅桌面均无近视93 (83.04)19 (16.96)6.970.0311.00
其中一方为近视186 (78.15)52 (21.85)1.31 (0.73-2.36)
双方均为近视213 (71.48)85 (28.52)1.90 (1.09-3.33)0.038
餐厅桌面均无近视81 (81.82)18 (18.18)0.680.7111.00
其中一方为近视179 (78.17)50 (21.83)1.17 (0.64-2.15)
双方均为近视217 (80.37)53 (19.63)1.01 (0.55-1.85)0.785
), ArticleFig(id=1311349890135978074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311349884846960674, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

父母特征与各地点照度标准的关系［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地点父母教育程度/父母近视情况不符合标准(%)符合标准(%)χ2值P a值OR值（95% CI）P b值
餐厅均为高中及以下52 (88.14)7 (11.86)1.660.4351.00
一方为高中及以下77 (88.51)10 (11.49)1.00 (0.35-2.83)0.291
均为大学及以上587 (91.72)53 (8.28)
卧室均为高中及以下35 (59.32)24 (40.68)9.130.0101.00
一方为高中及以下37 (41.57)52 (58.43)2.07 (1.05-4.09)
均为大学及以上252 (39.13)392 (60.87)2.29 (1.32-3.99)0.014
客厅桌面均为高中及以下45 (84.91)8 (15.09)2.680.2631.00
一方为高中及以下50 (76.92)15 (23.08)1.53 (0.59-3.99)
均为大学及以上397 (74.91)133 (25.09)1.74 (0.79-3.82)0.376
餐厅桌面均为高中及以下37 (78.72)10 (21.28)7.080.0291.00
一方为高中及以下54 (93.10)4 (6.90)0.27 (0.08-0.94)
均为大学及以上386 (78.30)107 (21.70)1.00 (0.48-2.12)0.089
餐厅均无近视120 (85.71)20 (14.29)6.140.0471.00
其中一方为近视251 (91.94)22 (8.06)0.89 (0.53-1.48)
双方均为近视345 (92.49)28 (7.51)1.02 (0.62-1.65)0.779
卧室均无近视54 (38.57)86 (61.43)0.780.6781.00
其中一方为近视124 (42.76)166 (57.24)0.86 (0.57-1.31)
双方均为近视146 (40.33)216 (59.67)0.95 (0.63-1.42)0.758
客厅桌面均无近视93 (83.04)19 (16.96)6.970.0311.00
其中一方为近视186 (78.15)52 (21.85)1.31 (0.73-2.36)
双方均为近视213 (71.48)85 (28.52)1.90 (1.09-3.33)0.038
餐厅桌面均无近视81 (81.82)18 (18.18)0.680.7111.00
其中一方为近视179 (78.17)50 (21.83)1.17 (0.64-2.15)
双方均为近视217 (80.37)53 (19.63)1.01 (0.55-1.85)0.785
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昆山市学龄前儿童家庭照度现况及影响因素研究
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冯佩 1 , 陈磊 1 , 涂又丹 2 , 仲崇科 2 , 金欣 1 , 卢平 1 , 韩霞 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026,53(13): 2386-2391
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026 , 53 (13) : 2386 -2391
昆山市学龄前儿童家庭照度现况及影响因素研究
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冯佩1, 陈磊1 , 涂又丹2, 仲崇科2, 金欣1, 卢平1, 韩霞1
作者信息
  • 1.昆山市妇幼保健院，江苏 苏州 215000
  • 2.苏州大学苏州医学院公共卫生学院
通讯作者:
陈磊，E-mail：
作者简介:

冯佩（1987—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：妇幼群体保健

Household lighting conditions and influencing factors among preschool children in Kunshan City
Pei FENG1, Lei CHEN1 , You-dan TU2, Chong-ke ZHONG2, Xin JIN1, Ping LU1, Xia HAN1
Affiliations
  • Kunshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
出版时间: 2026-07-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510192
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摘要
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目的

分析昆山市学龄前儿童家庭照度的现况，并分析照养人特征、父母教育程度及近视情况与家庭照度达标状况的关系。

方法

选取昆山市8家幼儿园的1 512名学龄前儿童为研究对象，收集照养人特征、父母教育程度及近视情况等数据。使用泰仕TES-1332A照度计，规范测量家庭各空间照度，采用χ2检验分析不同因素对家庭照度达标情况的影响。

结果

多数家庭空间照度不达标，达标率由高到低依次为：卧室59.09%（468/792）、书桌39.42%（203/515）、客厅桌面24.07%（156/648）、餐厅桌面20.23%（121/598）、客厅17.59%（155/881）、卧室桌面15.43%（50/324）、餐厅8.91%（70/786）。二元logistic回归分析显示，在调整多因素后，照养人类型、照养人及父母教育程度、父母近视状况仍与家庭照度达标率显著相关。与其他照养人相比，父母照养与卧室、餐厅桌面照度达标率的提升相关，为两类区域照度达标的保护因素（卧室：OR=1.48，95% CI：1.07～2.06，P=0.019；餐厅桌面：OR=1.93，95% CI：1.13～3.29，P=0.017）。在教育程度方面，以照养人均为高中及以下学历为参照，照养人均为大学及以上学历与卧室、餐厅桌面照度达标率的提升相关，为保护因素（卧室：OR=1.56，95% CI：1.15～2.12，P=0.004；餐厅桌面：OR=1.67，95% CI：1.04～2.67，P=0.033）。以父母均为高中及以下学历为参照，父母均为大学及以上学历与卧室照度达标率的提升相关，为卧室照度达标的保护因素（OR=2.29，95% CI：1.32～3.99，P=0.014）。此外，相较于父母均无近视，父母双方均近视与客厅桌面照度达标率的提升相关，是客厅桌面照度达标的保护因素（OR=1.90，95% CI：1.09～3.33，P=0.038）。

结论

昆山市学龄前儿童家庭照度达标情况总体较差，家庭照度达标情况与照养人特征、父母教育程度及近视情况密切相关。改善家庭照明环境，尤其是针对高风险家庭开展精准干预，有助于儿童近视防控。

近视  /  家庭照度  /  儿童  /  父母
Objective

To analyze the current situation of household illuminance among preschool children in Kunshan City, and to explore the relationships between caregiver characteristics, parents’ educational levels, parents’ myopia status, and compliance with household illuminance standards.

Methods

A total of 1 512 preschool children from 8 kindergartens in Kunshan City were selected as the research subjects, and data such as the characteristics of caregivers, parents’ educational levels, and myopia status were collected. The TES-1332A illuminance meter was used to measure the illuminance of each space in the home in a standardized manner, and the χ2 test was adopted to analyze the impact of different factors on compliance with household illuminance standards.

Results

The illuminance in most family spaces did not meet the standards. The compliance rates from highest to lowest were bedroom 59.09% (468/792), study desk 39.42% (203/515), living room tabletop 24.07% (156/648), dining room tabletop 20.23% (121/598), living room 17.59% (155/881), bedroom tabletop 15.43% (50/324), and dining room 8.91% (70/786). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that after multivariable adjustment, caregiver type, caregiver and parental educational levels, and parental myopia status remained significantly associated with compliance with household illuminance standards. Compared with other caregivers, parental care was associated with increased compliance rates for bedroom and dining room tabletop illuminance, serving as a protective factor for qualified household illuminance in the above areas (bedroom: OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.07-2.06, P=0.019; dining room tabletop: OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.13-3.29, P=0.017). In terms of educational level, taking caregivers with senior high school education or below as the reference group, caregivers with a college degree or above were correlated with the increased compliance rate of illuminance in bedrooms and dining room tabletop, which were identified as protective factors (bedroom: OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.15-2.12, P=0.004; dining room tabletop: OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.04-2.67, P=0.033). With parents having senior high school education or below as the reference, parental education of college degree or above was associated with higher compliance rate of bedroom illuminance and acted as a protective factor for qualified bedroom illuminance (OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.32-3.99, P=0.014). In addition, compared with children of non-myopic parents, children with both myopic parents showed a higher compliance rate of living room tabletop illuminance, and bilateral parental myopia was a protective factor for qualified living room tabletop illuminance (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.09-3.33, P=0.038).

Conclusion

Overall compliance with household illuminance standards among preschool children in Kunshan City is relatively poor, and it is closely related to caregiver characteristics, parental education level and parental myopia status. Improving the family lighting environment, especially carrying out targeted interventions for high-risk families, may help in the prevention and control of childhood myopia.

Myopia  /  Household illuminance  /  Children  /  Parents
冯佩, 陈磊, 涂又丹, 仲崇科, 金欣, 卢平, 韩霞. 昆山市学龄前儿童家庭照度现况及影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (13) : 2386 -2391 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510192
Pei FENG, Lei CHEN, You-dan TU, Chong-ke ZHONG, Xin JIN, Ping LU, Xia HAN. Household lighting conditions and influencing factors among preschool children in Kunshan City[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (13) : 2386 -2391 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510192
正文
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近年来，我国儿童青少年视力不良率持续攀升，且呈现出低龄化趋势[1]。国家疾控局的监测数据显示，2022年我国儿童青少年总体近视率已达51.9%，处于较高水平[2]。学龄前阶段是儿童视力发育的关键时期，不良的视觉环境会干扰视觉系统的正常发育，可能导致视功能障碍，最终影响学龄期的视力状况。
近视的发病原因主要包括遗传和环境两大因素[3]。其中，父母近视是遗传因素中的重要一环，现有研究表明，有父母近视史的儿童，其近视患病率往往更高[4-5]。在环境因素中，光照环境是不可忽视的重要因素。例如，较差的教室照明环境会对学生产生生理和心理上的不良影响，长期处于这样的光危害环境中，容易引发视觉不适、眼睛疲劳等问题，进而导致青少年近视率上升[6]。儿童在室内停留的时间更长，接触室内照明的机会也更多。而照养人作为儿童室内生活的主要陪伴者，其对儿童近视的关注程度、干预方式存在明显差异，这种差异也可影响儿童的用眼习惯与视觉健康。但目前，关于学龄前儿童家庭照度研究相对较少。基于此，本研究旨在探讨昆山市学龄前儿童家庭照度现况，并分析照养人特征、父母近视、家庭照度与儿童近视发生之间的关系。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
本研究采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，于2025年5—6月选取昆山市8家幼儿园的学龄前儿童作为本项目的研究对象，共调查1 512名研究对象，其中男性768（50.79%）人，女性744（49.21%）人；平均年龄为（5.05±0.43）岁。本研究严格遵循医学科研伦理要求，研究方案已通过昆山市妇幼保健所伦理委员会审批，伦理批准文号：昆妇伦审［2023］2号。所有调查开展前，均由参与者或其监护人签署书面知情同意书，研究流程严格遵循人类受试者相关伦理规范，全程保障研究对象隐私与合法权益。
1.2　研究步骤
照度测量与评价：依据《照明测量方法》（GBT5700—2008）, 使用泰仕TES-1332A照度计测照度。依据《建筑照明设计标准》（GB/T50034—2024）及《托儿所、幼儿园建筑设计规范》［JGJ 39—2016（2019年版）］的关于幼儿园、托儿所寝室及睡眠区的照明参考水平要求，本研究设定：卧室测点距地0.5 m水平面，其余房间测点在地面，每间设儿童常活动点（1个点）、附近隔1 m点（4个点）、最暗点（1个点），共6个点。参照《建筑照明设计标准》（GB 50034—2013）和《托儿所、幼儿园建筑设计规范》等，将客厅、餐厅、卧室的照度标准值分别定为300、300和100 lx，各桌面的照度标准值分别定为300 lx，完成家庭各房间和桌面的照度测量，并计算平均照度参考。
1.3　质量控制
项目启动之初，本研究制定标准化的调查方案、照度监测方案和近视防控干预方案，统一培训；照度测试环节，由经过培训并考核合格的工作人员进行照度初测及更换照明后的复测；项目干预期间定期进行质量控制与指导，发现问题及时寻找对策；最后建立epidata数据库，双人双录入。
1.4　统计学处理
本研究采用 SAS 9.4 统计软件进行数据分析。计量资料以（均数±标准差）表示，计数资料以频数与百分比表示。组间比较采用χ2检验。为探索家庭照度达标情况与各影响因素的关联，采用二元logistic回归分析构建模型，在调整潜在混杂因素后，计算比值比及95% 置信区间，以评估各因素与家庭照度达标之间的独立关联。本研究以家庭照度达标为结局，统一界定判定标准，OR>1表示该因素与家庭照度达标率的提升相关，为保护因素；OR<1代表该因素与家庭照度达标率的降低相关，为危险因素。所有检验均为双侧，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　家庭照度测量符合标准情况
各空间照度符合标准的占比情况按达标率由高到低依次为：卧室59.09%（468/792）、书桌39.42% (203/515)、客厅桌面24.07%（156/648）、餐厅桌面20.23%（121/598）、客厅17.59%（155/881）、卧室桌面 15.43%（50/324）、餐厅8.91%（70/786）。可见多数空间符合标准占比低，家庭环境照度达标状况有待改善。见表1。
2.2　不同照养人特征与各地点照度标准的关系
主要照养人不同，对卧室、餐厅桌面、卧室桌面的照度达标状况存在显著影响。卧室场景中，照养人为父母的照度符合标准占比为61.55%，高于其他照养人组的51.76%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.92, P=0.015）；餐厅桌面场景下，照养人为父母的符合标准占比为22.57%，高于其他照养人组的13.01%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.24, P=0.013）；卧室桌面场景里，照养人为父母的符合标准占比为17.70%，高于其他照养人组的8.24%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.36, P=0.037）。与其他照养人相比，父母照养与卧室、餐厅桌面照度达标率的提升相关，为两类区域照度达标的保护因素（卧室：OR=1.48，95% CI：1.07～2.06，P=0.019；餐厅桌面：OR=1.93，95% CI：1.13～3.29，P=0.017）。根据照养人教育程度不同，对卧室、餐厅桌面的照度达标状况存在显著影响。卧室场景中，大学及以上教育程度照养人符合标准占比为62.85%，高于高中及以下组的51.35%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.54, P=0.002）；餐厅桌面场景下，大学及以上教育程度照养人符合标准占比为22.68%，高于高中及以下组的14.89%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.85, P=0.028）。此外，二元logistic回归分析表明，以照养人均为高中及以下学历为参照，照养人均为大学及以上学历与卧室、餐厅桌面照度达标率的提升相关，为保护因素（卧室：OR=1.56，95% CI：1.15～2.12，P=0.004；餐厅桌面：OR=1.67，95% CI：1.04～2.67，P=0.033）。见表2。
2.3　父母特征与各地点照度标准的关系
父母教育程度不同对卧室、餐厅桌面的照度达标状况存在显著影响。卧室场景中，父母均为大学及以上学历的照度不符合标准占比最小，为39.13%；其次是其中一方为高中及以下或大学及以上学历组，为41.57%；占比最大是父母均为高中及以下学历组，为59.32%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.13, P=0.010）；餐厅桌面场景下，父母均为大学及以上学历组不符合标准占比为78.30%，低于父母均为高中及以下组和一方为高中及以下组的78.72%、93.10%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.08, P=0.029）。二元logistic回归分析显示，以父母均为高中及以下学历为参照，父母均为大学及以上学历与卧室照度达标率的提升相关，为卧室照度达标的保护因素（OR=2.29，95% CI：1.32～3.99，P=0.014）。父母不同近视情况对餐厅、客厅桌面的照度达标状况存在显著影响。餐厅场景中，父母均无近视组照度不符合标准占比为85.71%，小于父母其中一方近视组、父母双方均近视组的91.94%、92.49%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.14, P=0.047）；客厅桌面场景下，父母均无近视组不符合标准占比为83.04%，大于父母其中一方近视组和父母双方均近视组的78.15%和71.48%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.97, P=0.031）。此外，二元logistic回归分析表明，相较于父母均无近视，父母双方均近视与客厅桌面照度达标率的提升相关，是客厅桌面照度达标的保护因素（OR=1.90，95% CI：1.09～3.33，P=0.038）。见表3。
3　讨论
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本研究分析了家庭照度现状与照养人特征、父母教育程度和近视情况的关联，结果显示：家庭各空间照度达标情况差异明显，客厅、餐厅等多数空间不达标占比高，整体照明环境有待改善。父母作为主要照养人时，卧室、餐厅桌面照度达标情况优于其他照养人。父母教育程度均为大学及以上学历时，卧室、餐厅桌面照度不达标占比相对更低。父母近视情况对餐厅、客厅桌面照度达标状况有影响，不同近视情况的父母，其对应空间照度不达标占比存在差异。多因素调整后的二元 logistic回归分析表明，父母作为照养人时，家庭卧室、餐厅桌面的照度达标可能性显著高于其他照养人照护的家庭；与照养人教育程度均为高中及以下相比，照养人均为大学及以上的家庭，其卧室、餐厅桌面照度达标可能性均显著更高；父母双方均为大学及以上的家庭，其卧室照度达标可能性显著高于父母均为高中及以下的家庭；父母双方均近视的家庭，其客厅桌面照度达标可能性显著高于父母均无近视的家庭。上述结果表明，家庭照度受照养人特征、父母教育程度及近视情况等因素影响，可为改善家庭照明环境、防控儿童近视提供数据参考。
3.1　家庭照度现状及家校照度达标情况对儿童近视的影响
家庭照度是儿童日常视觉环境的核心，本研究与既往研究一致发现多数空间照度不达标[1,7-9]。照度不足直接影响视觉健康：徐海辉等指出，低照度下瞳孔会放大，当照度均匀度不达标，识别内容时瞳孔需频繁大幅调节，易导致眼疲劳，长期可诱发近视[1]。因此，家庭采光照明环境与儿童近视的关联备受关注。周攀峰等[7]提出，家庭采光照明环境与儿童近视存在关联，儿童青少年近视防控应重点关注家庭层面因素；华文娟[8]的研究显示，提高光环境水平能有效减缓中小学生裸眼远视力下降，预防近视发生和眼轴延长；陶然等[9]也证实，提升照明条件、改善光环境有助于延缓学生视力下降、控制视力不良，这也为家庭照度优化提供了参考。关于家庭照度的达标情况，目前相关文献较为有限，我们将其与中小学校教室的采光照明状况进行对比发现：天津市623间中小学教室课桌面、黑板的平均照度合格率分别为75.12%、53.13%[10]；山东省2 187间教室黑板面照度和课桌面照度的合格率为24.46%和58.12%[11]。在本研究里，家庭多数空间的照度比学校教室不达标所占的比例更高，提示家庭照明改善空间更大。此外，《中国青少年近视白皮书》显示，学生在学校的采光环境较好，低年级学生白天所处环境的照度约为1 687 lx，但夜间在家做作业时，入眼的光照仅约58 lx，明显低于在学校时的水平，两者差距显著；特别是在儿童读写活动较为集中的晚间时段，表明家庭照明需作为近视防控的重点干预环节。
3.2　照养人特征与家庭照度的关联
既往研究表明，父母近视是子女近视的危险因素之一，体现遗传与环境可能存在交互作用[12-14]。本研究进一步发现，父母近视情况与家庭餐厅、客厅桌面照度的关联，正是环境因素的体现。此外，不同照养人对儿童近视的关注程度和干预方式存在差异，父母作为关系最密切的照养人，其用眼健康观念和行为对儿童具有更为显著的影响。由于父母通常更关注育儿健康知识，往往更重视家庭照明环境，因此这些家庭的照度情况较好。一项中国纵向研究显示[15]，父母文化程度低且高度近视的儿童，近视进展速度更快，提示照养人相关特征与儿童近视发生发展密切相关。本研究观察到，父母近视与照度不达标率的关联存在空间异质性：在作为主要学习区的客厅桌面，父母均近视家庭的不达标率最低；而在餐厅等生活空间，该趋势减弱甚至反转。这一现象提示，其背后机制可能与父母基于健康信念的差异化干预行为有关。有近视经历的父母，因切身感知近视风险，对子女视觉健康更具警觉性，从而优先优化学习区域的照明（如配置阅读灯、定期检测照度）；而在非学习功能区，其干预动机较弱，照明质量更多受房屋基础条件制约。此外，教育程度较高的照养人所在家庭照度达标情况较好，提示健康知识水平是另一重要影响因素。高教育程度父母通常更善于获取并实践科学护眼知识，尽管经济能力可能发挥作用，但融合风险感知与知识认知所形成的“健康信念”，可能是驱动其照明改善行为的深层动因。本研究中教育程度较高的照养人更能认识到合理光照对儿童视力健康的重要性，说明提高家长的健康认知可以改善家庭照明条件，从而预防儿童近视。
本研究存在以下几方面局限性。首先，由于部分家庭户型中缺少独立餐厅、书房等功能空间，或受现场条件限制（如住户拒绝进入、光线不符要求等），各空间有效样本量存在差异，虽所有测量均遵循知情同意与现场可行性原则，但样本缺失可能对结果代表性产生一定影响。其次，本研究为横断面调查，仅能揭示家庭照度与照养人特征之间的关联，无法确立因果关系。最后，尽管已控制部分混杂因素，但对家庭社会经济地位、房屋建成年代与装修状况、测量时段（日间/夜间）、光源类型及开灯情况等变量的信息收集尚不充分，这些因素可能同时影响照养人特征与照明条件，从而对结果推断造成潜在干扰。
综上所述，本研究分析了昆山市家庭照度的现况及相关影响因素，明确了家庭环境中多数空间照度不达标、整体照明状况有待改善的状况，同时揭示了照养人特征、父母教育水平及近视情况对家庭照度的显著影响。基于上述发现，本研究结果对儿童近视的家庭防控提供了明确的实践指导意义：首先，在改善重点上，应优先关注客厅桌面、书桌等学习区域的专用照明，确保其照度充足、无眩光，而非仅仅提高整个房间的环境光。其次，在健康教育上，应特别针对父母双方或一方近视的家庭进行针对性指导，将其对近视的自身关切转化为改善孩子学习光环境的积极行动。最后，在具体措施上，应引导家庭在装修或更换灯具时，选择符合标准的产品，并注意根据儿童活动的需求，对不同功能空间的照明进行区分与优化[14-15]。
未来需着重推进两方面工作：一方面，加强科普宣传，提高家庭对健康照明的重视程度，特别是要对近视父母和高风险家庭进行针对性指导；另一方面，确保家庭各区域的照明达标，为儿童视力健康提供环境保障。通过增强家长的健康意识，结合其教育背景和视力状况来改善家庭照明条件，从而弥补儿童视力保护的环境不足。这将为构建“家庭-学校-社会”全方位的近视防控体系提供重要支持。
基金
收起
  • 苏州市重大疾病、传染病预防和控制关键技术（研究）项目(GWZX202305)
  • 昆山市预防医学科研课题(KSYF2024007)
  • 2025年昆山市重点研发计划（社会发展）项目(KSZ2522)
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参考文献 引证文献
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2026年第53卷第13期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510192
  • 接收时间：2025-10-15
  • 首发时间：2026-09-28
  • 出版时间：2026-07-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-10-15
基金
苏州市重大疾病、传染病预防和控制关键技术（研究）项目(GWZX202305)
昆山市预防医学科研课题(KSYF2024007)
2025年昆山市重点研发计划（社会发展）项目(KSZ2522)
作者信息
    1.昆山市妇幼保健院，江苏 苏州 215000
    2.苏州大学苏州医学院公共卫生学院

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