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Article(id=1324077568915284706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510175, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760284800000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614292600, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614292600, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614292600, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614292600, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077443828560770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614262778, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614352085, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1311, endPage=1317, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077569166942947, articleId=1324077568915284706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Latent classes and influencing factors of community nursing needs in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in Chengdu, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the latent classes and influencing factors of community nursing needs in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Chengdu, providing a reference for optimizing community diabetes care.

Methods

In 406 community-dwelling elderly patients with T2DM sampled by stratified convenience sampling, we administered general information questionnaire, community nursing needs scale, health literacy questionnaire and self-care ability scale. Latent class analysis identified need subtypes, and multinomial logistic regression identified their influencing factors.

Results

Community nursing needs were moderate overall, categorized into three latent classes: low-level needs (52.2%), high multidimensional needs (37.7%), and high health promotion-low disease management and psychosocial support needs (10.1%). Age, monthly household income, complications, comorbidities, exercise, health literacy, and self-care ability were influencing factors for different subtypes (all P<0.05).

Conclusion

Three latent classes exist for community nursing needs in elderly T2DM patients, influenced by multiple factors. Community nursing services should implement targeted interventions based on need classification, rationally allocate elderly nursing resources, and improve the quality of diabetes management and patient satisfaction.

, authors=Meng-yao ZHENG1, Dong-mei WU2, Xin LIU1, Hui DU1, Chang-jiu HE3, authorsList=Meng-yao ZHENG, Dong-mei WU, Xin LIU, Hui DU, Chang-jiu HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chang-jiu HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077570093884138, articleId=1324077568915284706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=成都市老年2型糖尿病患者社区护理需求的潜在类别及影响因素分析, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索成都市老年2型糖尿病患者社区护理需求的潜在类别及其影响因素，为优化社区糖尿病护理实践提供参考。

方法

采用分层便利抽样法选取406例社区老年2型糖尿病患者为调查对象，使用一般资料调查问卷、慢性病患者社区护理需求调查表、健康素养调查问卷及老年人自我护理能力量表进行调查。运用潜在类别分析划分需求类别，并进行无序多元logistic回归分析探讨相关影响因素。

结果

老年2型糖尿病患者社区护理需求总体处于中等水平，分为普遍低水平需求组（52.2%）、多维高水平需求组（37.7%）和高水平健康促进-低水平疾病管理及心理社会支持需求组（10.1%）3个潜在类别。年龄、家庭人均月收入、并发症数量、合并慢性病数量、运动情况、健康素养水平以及自我护理能力是不同亚型的影响因素（均P<0.05）。

结论

老年2型糖尿病患者社区护理需求存在3个潜在类别且受多因素影响。社区护理服务应基于需求分类实施针对性干预，合理配置老年护理资源，提高糖尿病管理质量与患者满意度。

, authors=郑梦瑶1, 吴冬梅2, 刘鑫1, 杜荟1, 何昌九3, authorsList=郑梦瑶, 吴冬梅, 刘鑫, 杜荟, 何昌九, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何昌九, authorNote=

郑梦瑶（1998—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：老年与慢性病护理

, correspAuthorsNote=
何昌九，E-mail：
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郑梦瑶（1998—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：老年与慢性病护理

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Evid Based Care, 2025, 15(1): 18-27., articleTitle=Patients' experiences of COPD Self-Management challenges: a qualitative study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324077577245172511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, awardId=XJLL2023007, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省社会科学重点研究基地老龄事业与产业发展研究中心项目(XJLL2023007), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324077577333252896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, awardId=H25021, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省护理学会护理科研课题(H25021), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324077570345542379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077570358125292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, companyId=1324077570345542379, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077570370708205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, companyId=1324077570345542379, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都医学院护理学院，四川　成都　610500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324077570467177198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077570475565807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, companyId=1324077570467177198, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川省医学科学院，四川省人民医院（电子科技大学附属医院）护理部)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324077570555257584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077570563646193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, companyId=1324077570555257584, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.成都市第四人民医院护理部，四川　成都　610036)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324077574615343893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Characteristics distribution of three latent classes for community nursing needs in elderly patients with T2DM, figureFileSmall=wyJihxXQxTGo5WT8KcspKA==, figureFileBig=qCLCmqt7rotoIgypKY1JmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077574703424278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, language=CN, label=图1, caption=老年T2DM患者3个社区护理需求潜在类别特征分布, figureFileSmall=wyJihxXQxTGo5WT8KcspKA==, figureFileBig=qCLCmqt7rotoIgypKY1JmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077574913139479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Model fit indices of latent class analysis for community nursing needs in elderly patients with T2DM [n=406]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBIC熵LRT（P）BLRT（P）类别概率
12 656.1862 676.2182 660.352———1
22 161.6692 205.7392 170.8340.817<0.001<0.0010.586/0.414
32 129.8932 198.0012 144.0570.910<0.001<0.0010.377/0.522/0.101
42 115.0012 207.1472 134.1650.833<0.0010.0010.192/0.101/0.234/0.473
52 119.7792 235.9632 143.9420.8430.3330.3280.234/0.140/0.099/0.470/0.057
), ArticleFig(id=1324077575013802776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老年T2DM患者社区护理需求潜在类别模型拟合指标[n=406]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBIC熵LRT（P）BLRT（P）类别概率
12 656.1862 676.2182 660.352———1
22 161.6692 205.7392 170.8340.817<0.001<0.0010.586/0.414
32 129.8932 198.0012 144.0570.910<0.001<0.0010.377/0.522/0.101
42 115.0012 207.1472 134.1650.833<0.0010.0010.192/0.101/0.234/0.473
52 119.7792 235.9632 143.9420.8430.3330.3280.234/0.140/0.099/0.470/0.057
), ArticleFig(id=1324077575089300249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of latent classes for community nursing needs in elderly patients with T2DM [n(%), M (P25, P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目合计C1组（n=212）C2组（n=41）C3组（n=153）χ2值P值
性别男208（51.2）115（28.3）25（6.2）68（16.7）5.1500.076
女198（48.8）97（23.9）16（3.9）85（21.0）
年龄（岁）60~75262（64.5）169（41.6）24（5.9）69（17.0）47.248<0.001
≥75144（35.5）43（10.6）17（4.2）84（20.7）
婚姻状况有配偶306（75.4）179（44.1）34（8.4）93（22.9）28.177<0.001
无配偶（未婚/离异/丧偶）100（24.6）33（8.1）7（1.7）60（14.8）
文化程度小学及以下123（30.3）51（12.6）9（2.2）63（15.5）25.088<0.001
初中66（16.3）29（7.2）6（1.5）31（7.6）
高中或中专166（40.8）106（26.1）18（4.4）42（10.3）
大专及以上51（12.6）26（6.4）8（2.0）17（4.2）
家庭人均月收入（元）<3 000152（37.4）102（25.1）14（3.4）36（8.9）63.088<0.001
3 000~5 000140（34.5）84（20.7）15（3.7）41（10.1）
≥5 000114（28.1）26（6.4）12（3.0）76（18.7）
医疗费用的承担方式自费27（6.7）15（3.7）4（1.0）8（2.0）6.1540.609
职工基本医疗保险197（48.5）97（23.9）22（5.4）78（19.2）
城乡居民医疗保险155（38.2）89（21.9）13（3.2）53（13.1）
公费医疗11（2.7）4（1.0）1（0.2）6（1.5）
商业保险16（3.9）7（1.7）1（0.2）8（2.0）
居住方式独居79（19.4）47（11.5）6（1.5）26（6.4）3.2890.511
与配偶278（68.5）137（41.6）30（7.7）111（19.2）
与子女或亲戚49（12.1）28（6.9）5（1.2）16（4.0）
吸烟情况吸烟77（19.0）31（7.6）5（1.2）41（10.1）22.145<0.001
已戒烟100（24.6）42（10.3）10（2.5）48（11.8）
从不吸烟229（56.4）139（34.2）26（6.4）64（15.8）
饮酒情况饮酒124（30.5）48（11.8）13（3.2）63（15.5）15.9120.003
已戒酒77（19.0）41（10.1）7（1.7）29（7.2）
从不饮酒205（50.5）123（30.3）21（5.2）61（15.0）
运动情况不运动80（19.7）34（8.3）15（3.7）31（7.7）9.2160.010
每周运动≥3次，每次运动≥30min326（80.3）178（43.9）26（6.4）122（30.0）
住处与最近医院或卫生站距离（m）<1 000219（53.9）131（32.3）23（5.6）65（16.0）21.619<0.001
1 000~3 000121（29.8）59（14.5）14（3.5）48（11.8）
≥3 00066（16.3）22（5.4）4（1.0）40（9.9）
糖尿病病程（年）<5100（24.6）59（14.5）11（2.7）30（7.4）3.8810.422
5~986（21.2）41（10.1）10（2.5）35（8.6）
≥10220（54.2）112（27.6）20（4.9）88（21.7）
血糖监测频率（次）每天1~219（4.7）10（2.5）1（0.2）8（2.0）2.3670.674
一周3~530（7.4）13（3.2）5（1.2）12（3.0）
一周不足3357（87.9）189（46.6）35（8.7）133（32.8）
治疗方式饮食运动13（3.1）9（2.2）1（0.2）3（0.7）8.0270.215
口服降糖药43（10.6）17（4.2）2（0.5）24（5.9）
饮食运动+口服降糖药278（68.5）148（36.5）29（7.1）101（24.9）
胰岛素包含治疗（胰岛素治疗/饮食运动+胰岛素治疗/口服降糖药+胰岛素治疗/饮食运动+口服降糖药+胰岛素治疗）72（17.8）38（9.4）9（2.2）25（6.2）
药物服用情况规律359（88.5）189（46.6）37（9.1）133（32.8）1.1170.904
间断24（5.9）13（3.1）2（0.4）9（2.2）
不服药23（5.6）10（2.5）2（0.4）11（2.7）
糖尿病并发症数量（种）<2335（82.5）201（49.5）34（8.3）100（24.7）53.426<0.001
≥271（17.5）11（2.7）7（1.7）53（13.1）
合并慢性病数量（种）<2267（65.8）165（40.7）31（7.6）71（17.5）40.941<0.001
≥2139（34.2）47（11.5）10（2.5）82（20.2）
健康素养（分）13（10.0，16.0）11（7.0，12.0）8（5.0，11.0）64.655*<0.001
自我护理能力（分）66（58.0，74.5）60（51.0，65.0）48（38.0，59.0）89.050*<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077575177380634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

老年T2DM患者社区护理需求潜在类别的单因素分析[n（%），M（P25，P75）]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目合计C1组（n=212）C2组（n=41）C3组（n=153）χ2值P值
性别男208（51.2）115（28.3）25（6.2）68（16.7）5.1500.076
女198（48.8）97（23.9）16（3.9）85（21.0）
年龄（岁）60~75262（64.5）169（41.6）24（5.9）69（17.0）47.248<0.001
≥75144（35.5）43（10.6）17（4.2）84（20.7）
婚姻状况有配偶306（75.4）179（44.1）34（8.4）93（22.9）28.177<0.001
无配偶（未婚/离异/丧偶）100（24.6）33（8.1）7（1.7）60（14.8）
文化程度小学及以下123（30.3）51（12.6）9（2.2）63（15.5）25.088<0.001
初中66（16.3）29（7.2）6（1.5）31（7.6）
高中或中专166（40.8）106（26.1）18（4.4）42（10.3）
大专及以上51（12.6）26（6.4）8（2.0）17（4.2）
家庭人均月收入（元）<3 000152（37.4）102（25.1）14（3.4）36（8.9）63.088<0.001
3 000~5 000140（34.5）84（20.7）15（3.7）41（10.1）
≥5 000114（28.1）26（6.4）12（3.0）76（18.7）
医疗费用的承担方式自费27（6.7）15（3.7）4（1.0）8（2.0）6.1540.609
职工基本医疗保险197（48.5）97（23.9）22（5.4）78（19.2）
城乡居民医疗保险155（38.2）89（21.9）13（3.2）53（13.1）
公费医疗11（2.7）4（1.0）1（0.2）6（1.5）
商业保险16（3.9）7（1.7）1（0.2）8（2.0）
居住方式独居79（19.4）47（11.5）6（1.5）26（6.4）3.2890.511
与配偶278（68.5）137（41.6）30（7.7）111（19.2）
与子女或亲戚49（12.1）28（6.9）5（1.2）16（4.0）
吸烟情况吸烟77（19.0）31（7.6）5（1.2）41（10.1）22.145<0.001
已戒烟100（24.6）42（10.3）10（2.5）48（11.8）
从不吸烟229（56.4）139（34.2）26（6.4）64（15.8）
饮酒情况饮酒124（30.5）48（11.8）13（3.2）63（15.5）15.9120.003
已戒酒77（19.0）41（10.1）7（1.7）29（7.2）
从不饮酒205（50.5）123（30.3）21（5.2）61（15.0）
运动情况不运动80（19.7）34（8.3）15（3.7）31（7.7）9.2160.010
每周运动≥3次，每次运动≥30min326（80.3）178（43.9）26（6.4）122（30.0）
住处与最近医院或卫生站距离（m）<1 000219（53.9）131（32.3）23（5.6）65（16.0）21.619<0.001
1 000~3 000121（29.8）59（14.5）14（3.5）48（11.8）
≥3 00066（16.3）22（5.4）4（1.0）40（9.9）
糖尿病病程（年）<5100（24.6）59（14.5）11（2.7）30（7.4）3.8810.422
5~986（21.2）41（10.1）10（2.5）35（8.6）
≥10220（54.2）112（27.6）20（4.9）88（21.7）
血糖监测频率（次）每天1~219（4.7）10（2.5）1（0.2）8（2.0）2.3670.674
一周3~530（7.4）13（3.2）5（1.2）12（3.0）
一周不足3357（87.9）189（46.6）35（8.7）133（32.8）
治疗方式饮食运动13（3.1）9（2.2）1（0.2）3（0.7）8.0270.215
口服降糖药43（10.6）17（4.2）2（0.5）24（5.9）
饮食运动+口服降糖药278（68.5）148（36.5）29（7.1）101（24.9）
胰岛素包含治疗（胰岛素治疗/饮食运动+胰岛素治疗/口服降糖药+胰岛素治疗/饮食运动+口服降糖药+胰岛素治疗）72（17.8）38（9.4）9（2.2）25（6.2）
药物服用情况规律359（88.5）189（46.6）37（9.1）133（32.8）1.1170.904
间断24（5.9）13（3.1）2（0.4）9（2.2）
不服药23（5.6）10（2.5）2（0.4）11（2.7）
糖尿病并发症数量（种）<2335（82.5）201（49.5）34（8.3）100（24.7）53.426<0.001
≥271（17.5）11（2.7）7（1.7）53（13.1）
合并慢性病数量（种）<2267（65.8）165（40.7）31（7.6）71（17.5）40.941<0.001
≥2139（34.2）47（11.5）10（2.5）82（20.2）
健康素养（分）13（10.0，16.0）11（7.0，12.0）8（5.0，11.0）64.655*<0.001
自我护理能力（分）66（58.0，74.5）60（51.0，65.0）48（38.0，59.0）89.050*<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077575261266715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variable assignments for independent variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目赋值
年龄（岁）原值
家庭人均月收入（元）<3 000=1，3 000~5 000=2，≥5 000=3
运动情况不运动=0，每周运动≥3次，每次运动≥30 min=1
糖尿病并发症数量（种）<2=0，≥2=1
合并慢性病数量（种）<2=0，≥2=1
健康素养得分原值
自我护理能力得分原值
), ArticleFig(id=1324077575315792668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

自变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目赋值
年龄（岁）原值
家庭人均月收入（元）<3 000=1，3 000~5 000=2，≥5 000=3
运动情况不运动=0，每周运动≥3次，每次运动≥30 min=1
糖尿病并发症数量（种）<2=0，≥2=1
合并慢性病数量（种）<2=0，≥2=1
健康素养得分原值
自我护理能力得分原值
), ArticleFig(id=1324077575395484445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multinomial logistic regression analysis of latent classes for community nursing needs in elderly patients with T2DM (n=406)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别比较变量β Wald χ2值P值OR值（95%CI）
C1vs.C3年龄（岁）-0.0690.02110.8960.0010.933（0.896~0.972）
家庭人均月收入（元，以≥5 000为参照）
<3 0001.8120.36824.202<0.0016.122（2.974~12.601）
3 000~5 0001.8730.36925.812<0.0016.509（3.160~13.408）
糖尿病并发症数量（种，以≥2为参照）
<21.1960.4337.6460.0063.308（1.417~7.722）
合并慢性病数量（种，以≥2为参照）
<20.9250.3009.4860.0022.523（1.400~4.547）
健康素养（分）0.0780.036.6380.0101.081（1.019~1.147）
自我护理能力（分）0.0600.01130.136<0.0011.062（1.039~1.085）
C2vs.C3家庭人均月收入（元，以≥5 000为参照）
3 000~5 0000.9490.4644.1890.0412.583（1.041~6.409）
运动情况（以每周运动≥3次，每次运动≥30min为参照）
不运动1.0690.4206.4750.0112.911（1.278~6.631）
合并慢性病数量（种，以≥2为参照）
<21.0470.4286.0010.0142.850（1.233~6.590）
自我护理能力（分）0.0400.0147.7570.0051.041（1.012~1.071）
), ArticleFig(id=1324077577081594654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077568915284706, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

老年T2DM患者社区护理需求潜在类别的多元logistic回归分析（n=406）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别比较变量β Wald χ2值P值OR值（95%CI）
C1vs.C3年龄（岁）-0.0690.02110.8960.0010.933（0.896~0.972）
家庭人均月收入（元，以≥5 000为参照）
<3 0001.8120.36824.202<0.0016.122（2.974~12.601）
3 000~5 0001.8730.36925.812<0.0016.509（3.160~13.408）
糖尿病并发症数量（种，以≥2为参照）
<21.1960.4337.6460.0063.308（1.417~7.722）
合并慢性病数量（种，以≥2为参照）
<20.9250.3009.4860.0022.523（1.400~4.547）
健康素养（分）0.0780.036.6380.0101.081（1.019~1.147）
自我护理能力（分）0.0600.01130.136<0.0011.062（1.039~1.085）
C2vs.C3家庭人均月收入（元，以≥5 000为参照）
3 000~5 0000.9490.4644.1890.0412.583（1.041~6.409）
运动情况（以每周运动≥3次，每次运动≥30min为参照）
不运动1.0690.4206.4750.0112.911（1.278~6.631）
合并慢性病数量（种，以≥2为参照）
<21.0470.4286.0010.0142.850（1.233~6.590）
自我护理能力（分）0.0400.0147.7570.0051.041（1.012~1.071）
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成都市老年2型糖尿病患者社区护理需求的潜在类别及影响因素分析
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郑梦瑶 1 , 吴冬梅 2 , 刘鑫 1 , 杜荟 1 , 何昌九 3
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2026,53(7): 1311-1317
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2026 , 53 (7) : 1311 -1317
成都市老年2型糖尿病患者社区护理需求的潜在类别及影响因素分析
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郑梦瑶（1998—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：老年与慢性病护理

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郑梦瑶（1998—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：老年与慢性病护理

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郑梦瑶1, 吴冬梅2, 刘鑫1, 杜荟1, 何昌九3
作者信息
  • 1.成都医学院护理学院，四川　成都　610500
  • 2.四川省医学科学院，四川省人民医院（电子科技大学附属医院）护理部
  • 3.成都市第四人民医院护理部，四川　成都　610036
通讯作者:
何昌九，E-mail：
作者简介:

郑梦瑶（1998—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：老年与慢性病护理

Latent classes and influencing factors of community nursing needs in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in Chengdu
Meng-yao ZHENG1, Dong-mei WU2, Xin LIU1, Hui DU1, Chang-jiu HE3
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510175
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摘要
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目的

探索成都市老年2型糖尿病患者社区护理需求的潜在类别及其影响因素，为优化社区糖尿病护理实践提供参考。

方法

采用分层便利抽样法选取406例社区老年2型糖尿病患者为调查对象，使用一般资料调查问卷、慢性病患者社区护理需求调查表、健康素养调查问卷及老年人自我护理能力量表进行调查。运用潜在类别分析划分需求类别，并进行无序多元logistic回归分析探讨相关影响因素。

结果

老年2型糖尿病患者社区护理需求总体处于中等水平，分为普遍低水平需求组（52.2%）、多维高水平需求组（37.7%）和高水平健康促进-低水平疾病管理及心理社会支持需求组（10.1%）3个潜在类别。年龄、家庭人均月收入、并发症数量、合并慢性病数量、运动情况、健康素养水平以及自我护理能力是不同亚型的影响因素（均P<0.05）。

结论

老年2型糖尿病患者社区护理需求存在3个潜在类别且受多因素影响。社区护理服务应基于需求分类实施针对性干预，合理配置老年护理资源，提高糖尿病管理质量与患者满意度。

老年人  /  2型糖尿病  /  社区护理  /  需求  /  潜在类别分析
Objective

To explore the latent classes and influencing factors of community nursing needs in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Chengdu, providing a reference for optimizing community diabetes care.

Methods

In 406 community-dwelling elderly patients with T2DM sampled by stratified convenience sampling, we administered general information questionnaire, community nursing needs scale, health literacy questionnaire and self-care ability scale. Latent class analysis identified need subtypes, and multinomial logistic regression identified their influencing factors.

Results

Community nursing needs were moderate overall, categorized into three latent classes: low-level needs (52.2%), high multidimensional needs (37.7%), and high health promotion-low disease management and psychosocial support needs (10.1%). Age, monthly household income, complications, comorbidities, exercise, health literacy, and self-care ability were influencing factors for different subtypes (all P<0.05).

Conclusion

Three latent classes exist for community nursing needs in elderly T2DM patients, influenced by multiple factors. Community nursing services should implement targeted interventions based on need classification, rationally allocate elderly nursing resources, and improve the quality of diabetes management and patient satisfaction.

Elderly  /  Type 2 diabetes  /  Community nursing  /  Needs  /  Latent class analysis
郑梦瑶, 吴冬梅, 刘鑫, 杜荟, 何昌九. 成都市老年2型糖尿病患者社区护理需求的潜在类别及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1311 -1317 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510175
Meng-yao ZHENG, Dong-mei WU, Xin LIU, Hui DU, Chang-jiu HE. Latent classes and influencing factors of community nursing needs in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in Chengdu[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1311 -1317 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510175
正文
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2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM）是老年人常见慢性代谢病，全球65岁以上人群患病率达24.6%，严重威胁老年人健康[1]。由于该疾病需要长期管理，多数患者确诊后依赖社区-家庭护理。社区护理需求是老年T2DM患者健康管理关键指标，包括基础医疗、预防保健与功能康复等需求[2]。由于身体机能衰退、多病共存等问题，老年糖尿病患者对社区护理的需求更为迫切和多样。优质的社区护理服务能提升老年糖尿病患者生活质量并减少并发症发生风险，但现有服务与实际需求仍不匹配[3]。目前对老年T2DM患者护理需求的差异及其影响因素尚缺乏系统分析，制约了社区资源的合理配置和干预措施的实施。根据人群需求差异识别出不同潜在类别，可将个体划分为更同质的亚群，为精准化管理提供支持[4]。本研究应用潜在类别分析（latent class analysis，LCA）探索老年T2DM患者社区护理需求的潜在分类并分析其影响因素，以期为优化社区糖尿病管理提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
采用分层便利抽样法，先根据成都市地理经济发展水平目的性抽取金牛区、成华区、新都区、龙泉驿区、金堂县5个行政区；随后在各区（县）内，依据中心服务人口规模、糖尿病管理患者数及合作可行性，选取1~2所社区卫生服务中心，共确定7所；最后，于2024年11月—2025年7月，在患者于社区卫生服务中心接受健康体检时，对符合纳排标准的患者采用便利抽样法开展调查，直至达到样本量估算要求，最终共纳入406例患者。纳入标准：（1）符合《中国老年2型糖尿病防治临床指南（2022年版）》[5]诊断标准；（2）年龄≥60岁；（3）在辖区居住超1年；（4）神志清楚，能有效沟通；（5）已建立社区健康档案。排除标准：（1）无法沟通理解问卷；（2）暂住人口及挂户者；（3）拒绝参与调查。由Kendall样本量估算方法[6]，按28个自变量的10~20倍计算，考虑10%的无效问卷，需至少308例。本研究已通过成都市第四人民医院医学伦理委员会审批，批准号：[2024]伦审字（89）号。
1.2　调查工具
1.2.1　一般资料调查问卷
采用自主设计问卷，包括：（1）社会人口学资料：性别、年龄、婚姻、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、医疗费用承担方式、居住方式、吸烟、饮酒、运动、就医距离；（2）疾病资料：糖尿病病程、血糖监测频率、治疗与用药情况、并发症及合并症数量。
1.2.2　慢性病患者社区护理需求调查表
社区护理需求采用马千惠等[7]研制的评估量表，包括健康教育、护理技术支持、疾病管理、健康促进和心理社会支持5个维度共27个条目。总分27~135分，按“非常不需要、不太需要、不需要、需要、非常需要”计1~5分，得分越高表明需求越高。本研究中Cronbach α系数为0.935。
1.2.3　中文简化版欧洲健康素养调查问卷
采用林莹等[8]汉化的简化版欧洲健康素养调查问卷，包括医疗保健、疾病预防和健康促进3个维度共16个条目。评分0~8分为不足，9~12分为有限，13~16分为充足。本研究Cronbach α系数为0.901。
1.2.4　老年人自我护理能力量表
自我护理能力采用郭丽娜等[9]汉化的量表进行评估，包括技能、目标和环境3个维度共17个条目。量表总分范围为17~85分（Likert 5级计分），分值越高自护能力越强。本研究Cronbach α系数为0.920。
1.3　统计学方法
使用Mplus 8.2与SPSS 26.0分析数据，计数资料以例数或构成比描述，符合正态分布的计量资料以（）表示，不符合者以[M（P25，P75）]描述。将社区护理需求各维度均值得分二分类化（≤3分=0，>3分=1）后进行潜在类别分析[10]。采用艾凯克信息准则（Akaike information criterion，AIC）、贝叶斯信息准则（Bayesian information criterion，BIC）、校正贝叶斯信息准则（adjusted Bayesian information criterion，aBIC）、熵（entropy）、似然比检验（likelihood ratio test，LRT）和bootstrap似然比检验（bootstrap likelihood ratio test，BLRT）评估模型。AIC、BIC和aBIC值越小表明模型拟合越好；熵≥0.8表示分类准确率超过90%；LRT/BLRT显著提示k类模型优于k-1类模型[11]。老年T2DM患者不同社区护理需求类别的影响因素通过无序多元logistic回归进行评估，以α=0.05为检验水准。
2　结果
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2.1　患者一般资料与社区护理需求现状
406例老年T2DM患者中，男性208例（51.2%），女性198例（48.8%），平均年龄（73.45±7.41）岁。患者社区护理需求总体处于中等水平，总分为（83.78±10.16）分。
2.2　共同方法偏差检验
采用Harman单因子法检验，首因子方差解释率为26.3%（<40%），表明无明显共同方法偏差。
2.3　社区护理需求的LCA
在建立的5个潜在类别模型中，模型3分类效果最佳，其熵最高、BIC最低，且LRT与BLRT均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；各类别模型的AIC、BIC与aBIC值随类别增加而呈递减趋势，且熵均>0.8，见表1。3个类别患者的社区护理需求得分分别为77.0（72.0，81.0）、85.0（82.0，88.0）和93.0（89.0，98.0）分，组间差异具有统计学意义（H=277.612，P<0.001）。
2.4　潜在类别特征及命名
社区护理需求潜在类别图显示：类别1患者各维度得分均低且波动平缓，命名为“普遍低水平需求组”（212例，52.2%，C1组）；类别2在健康促进维度得分突出，而疾病管理与心理社会支持维度显著偏低，折线波动明显，命名为“高水平健康促进-低水平疾病管理及心理社会支持需求组”（41例，10.1%，C2组）；类别3在除健康促进外的4个维度均高于其他类别，折线整体居上，提示其病情复杂或自我管理能力不足，命名为“多维高水平需求组”（153例，37.7%，C3组）。见图1。
2.5　老年T2DM患者社区护理需求潜在类别的单因素分析
3个潜在类别在年龄、家庭人均月收入、运动情况、健康素养、自我护理能力、糖尿病并发症及合并慢性病数量等方面差异具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。见表2。
2.6　老年T2DM患者社区护理需求潜在类别的多元logistic回归分析
在单因素分析结果的基础上，依据Andersen模型及老年慢性病管理理论框架对有统计学意义的变量进行筛选，确定纳入回归的自变量，以老年T2DM患者社区护理需求的3个潜在类别（C3为参照）为因变量进行无序多元logistic回归，赋值见表3。共线性诊断显示所有变量VIF<5，无严重共线性。模型似然比χ2=212.687（P<0.001），伪R2=0.481，拟合优度检验P>0.05，表明模型有效且拟合良好。结果显示，年龄、家庭人均月收入、运动情况、糖尿病并发症数量、合并慢性病数量、健康素养及自我护理能力均为影响因素（均P<0.05）。见表4。
3　讨论
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老年T2DM患者社区护理需求总体处于中等水平。研究显示，患者普遍存在未满足需求，包括诊疗与医疗物资获取不便、医患信任不足及心理支持缺乏等[3]。同时，社区工作人员在医疗保健中的参与度不足，促使部分患者转向私营机构，加重了患者家庭经济负担。Yous等[12]访谈45例患者发现，患者期望在疾病管理、运动、饮食与社交方面获得更多支持。Carolan等[13]指出T2DM患者的社区护理需求是随着疾病管理过程中的个人体验与进展动态变化的，提示社区护理服务需具备灵活性与适应性。
本研究发现，老年T2DM患者的社区护理需求可分为C1组、C2组和C3组，说明其需求存在异质性，与既有研究一致[3]。C1组占52.2%，其健康教育维度需求概率为28.4%，高于组内其他维度，提示该类患者并非无需求，其低需求状态可能与其健康信息获取不足、自我认知局限、服务知晓度低有关，也可能源于疾病稳定、并发症少、健康状况较好导致其感知需求较低。社区护理人员应将此类患者纳入持续健康监测对象，开展预防性健康教育，增强其疾病进展风险意识，同时提供清晰的社区服务信息并定期随访，避免因需求识别不足引发健康风险。C2组占10.1%，其健康促进维度的条件概率在三个类别中最高，而疾病管理及心理社会支持需求维度最低。提示该类患者认同积极生活方式，但忽视疾病管理与心理问题，护理中应在支持其健康行为的同时加强评估与引导。C3组占37.7%，该组患者在多个维度均表现出较高需求，是社区护理资源应倾斜与投放的重点人群。其中，健康教育维度条件概率最高，为88.5%，其次是心理社会支持维度的82.4%，提示临床干预应以健康教育与心理疏导为核心。
研究发现，高龄、高收入患者更可能属于C3组，这与罗盛等[14]结论相符。高龄者因身体机能衰退常面临用药与血糖管理困难，对社区上门或远程护理服务存在更高需求或依赖性。高收入者则更有能力获取专业化健康资源。规律运动的患者多属C2组，规律运动能增强前额叶皮层功能活性，促进多巴胺和5-羟色胺等神经递质释放，提升脑源性神经营养因子水平，改善老年糖尿病患者的认知功能和健康决策能力[15]。合并≥2种糖尿病并发症或其他慢性病的患者普遍呈现多维度高需求。流行病学数据表明这类患者的共病发生率达30%~90%[16]，微血管及大血管并发症会增加护理复杂性，合并高血压和血脂异常等代谢性疾病，会进一步加剧用药管理难度。糖尿病状态激活的内质网应激通路，会诱发神经元脱髓鞘改变，导致患者学习记忆能力下降、执行力减退及用药依从性降低[17]。蔡丽等[18]指出，合并视网膜病变的患者因知识缺乏与自我管理困难，对健康教育及心理支持需求强烈。此外，负性情绪与认知障碍并存易导致失能、跌倒及生活质量下降，已成为老年糖尿病患者死亡的独立危险因素[19]，增加其对社区护理的依赖。这些特点提示单一学科护理已难以满足患者需求，未来应构建内分泌科、心血管科、眼科等多学科协作的整合护理模式，以应对糖尿病共病患者复杂社区护理需求，提升疾病治疗效果和患者生活质量。
健康素养水平较低的老年T2DM患者常表现出更高的社区护理需求，与Papadakos等[20]研究一致。健康素养不足会削弱患者对健康信息的理解与运用能力，进而增加血糖控制不良和并发症风险。Kim等[21]在对韩裔美国T2DM患者的社区干预研究中，揭示了健康素养通过影响自我护理能力和自我效能间接影响血糖控制和生活质量。RobatSarpooshi等[22]进一步证实，基于健康素养的指导可改善患者的用药依从性和自我管理，减少对护理服务的依赖。因此，对健康素养偏低的患者，社区医护人员可以采用图画式手册、视频演示等低文字材料来传递健康信息，并在操作指导中请患者当场复述与演示关键步骤，帮助其掌握自我护理技能。自我护理能力不足的老年T2DM患者同样呈现多维高需求。较低的自我护理能力是再入院的重要预测因素，会导致患者HbA1c升高，引发慢性炎症反应（CRP和IL-6水平上升），导致不良健康结局[23]。Amerzadeh等[24]调查显示，伊朗社区老年T2DM患者的运动、血糖监测及足部护理等自我护理行为水平低于居民平均水平，药物依从性也较差。Najafi等[25]进一步指出自我护理能力欠缺会削弱患者的疾病管理信心，引发负面情绪，间接加剧其护理需求。社区卫生服务中心在加强患者自我护理能力培训的同时，需重视心理风险监测，推动患者从被动接受治疗转为主动管理自身健康，改善患者健康结局。
综上所述，老年T2DM患者社区护理需求分为C1组、C2组及C3组三类，并受多种因素影响，医护人员需依据不同类别特点实施精准护理。本研究存在一定局限：一是，样本仅来自成都市7家社区卫生服务中心的406例建档患者，代表性有限；二是，为降低过拟合风险未纳入单因素分析中全部有统计学意义的变量；此外，横断面研究的结果不支持因果推断。未来应通过多中心、大样本的纵向研究扩大抽样范围、验证类别稳定性并探索因果路径，并在此基础上对各类别开展进一步分析，以期为制定精细化社区护理干预策略提供支持。
基金
收起
  • 四川省社会科学重点研究基地老龄事业与产业发展研究中心项目(XJLL2023007)
  • 四川省护理学会护理科研课题(H25021)
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2026年第53卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510175
  • 接收时间：2025-10-13
  • 首发时间：2026-11-02
  • 出版时间：2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-10-13
基金
四川省社会科学重点研究基地老龄事业与产业发展研究中心项目(XJLL2023007)
四川省护理学会护理科研课题(H25021)
作者信息
    1.成都医学院护理学院，四川　成都　610500
    2.四川省医学科学院，四川省人民医院（电子科技大学附属医院）护理部
    3.成都市第四人民医院护理部，四川　成都　610036

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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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