Article(id=1324077534228390389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510104, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760025600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614284330, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614284330, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614284330, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614284330, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077443828560770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614262778, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614352085, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324077818509918662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077443828560770, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1257, endPage=1263, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324077534412939766, articleId=1324077534228390389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Cervical cancer screening willingness and its influencing factors among rural women based on the health belief model, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate rural women's willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening and its influencing factors based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), and to provide theoretical support for improving screening participation rates in this population.

Methods

From April to May 2025, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select rural women in Shimian County, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province for a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, health beliefs related to cervical cancer screening, and screening willingness. Univariate analysis was used to examine associations between demographic variables, HBM dimensions, and screening willingness. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to identify influencing factors and pathways affecting screening willingness.

Results

Among the 431 valid questionnaires collected, 74.0% of respondents expressed willingness to participate in cervical cancer screening. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in screening willingness across age, ethnicity, and occupation (P<0.05). SEM results indicated that self-efficacy (direct effect=0.541, P<0.001) and perceived susceptibility (direct effect=0.177, P<0.001) had direct positive effects on screening willingness. Cues to action (indirect effect=0.237), perceived severity (indirect effect=0.199), and perceived benefits (indirect effect=0.024) exerted indirect positive effects, while perceived barriers had an indirect negative effect (indirect effect=-0.164).

Conclusion

Based on the Health Belief Model, targeted measures should be implemented to improve rural women's perceptions of susceptibility, severity, and screening benefits, enhance cues to action and self-efficacy, and reduce perceived barriers, thereby increasing cervical cancer screening willingness.

, authors=Zhuo TAN1, Lu ZHANG1, Deng-hui YANG1, Bing PANG1, Qi-wen ZHANG1, Yao DONG1, Jie-ru PENG1, 2, Xin-hua JIA3, Yi-tong ZHU3, Hui-ke WANG3, You-lin QIAO3, Chun-xia YANG1, authorsList=Zhuo TAN, Lu ZHANG, Deng-hui YANG, Bing PANG, Qi-wen ZHANG, Yao DONG, Jie-ru PENG, Xin-hua JIA, Yi-tong ZHU, Hui-ke WANG, You-lin QIAO, Chun-xia YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=You-lin QIAO, Chun-xia YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324077536774332923, articleId=1324077534228390389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于健康信念模型的农村女性宫颈癌筛查意愿及影响因素研究, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于健康信念模型研究农村女性宫颈癌筛查意愿及影响因素,为提高农村女性的宫颈癌筛查参与率提供理论支持。

方法

2025年4—5月采用多阶段整群抽样,选取四川省雅安市石棉县的农村女性开展问卷调查,调查内容包括一般人口学资料、宫颈癌筛查意愿健康信念、宫颈癌筛查意愿。采用单因素分析一般人口学特征和健康信念各维度与宫颈癌筛查意愿的关系,采用结构方程模型探究筛查意愿的影响因素和路径。

结果

共收集431份有效问卷,其中74.0%的调查对象愿意参加宫颈癌筛查。单因素分析结果显示不同年龄、民族、职业女性的筛查意愿差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结构方程模型结果显示自我效能(直接效应:0.541,P<0.001)和感知易感性(直接效应:0.177,P<0.001)对筛查意愿产生直接正向作用;行为线索(间接效应:0.237)、感知严重性(间接效应:0.199)、感知益处(间接效应:0.024)对筛查意愿产生间接正向作用;感知障碍对筛查意愿产生间接负向作用(间接效应:-0.164)。

结论

基于健康信念模型,需要采取针对性措施,提高农村女性对宫颈癌易感性、严重性和筛查益处的认知,增强行为线索和自我效能,降低障碍感,进而提高筛查意愿。

, authors=谭卓1, 张璐1, 杨登辉1, 庞冰1, 张绮文1, 董尧1, 彭介入1, 2, 贾鑫华3, 朱奕潼3, 王慧珂3, 乔友林3, 杨春霞1, authorsList=谭卓, 张璐, 杨登辉, 庞冰, 张绮文, 董尧, 彭介入, 贾鑫华, 朱奕潼, 王慧珂, 乔友林, 杨春霞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=乔友林, 杨春霞, authorNote=

谭卓(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学

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杨春霞,E-mail:
乔友林,E-mail:;杨春霞与乔友林为共同通信作者
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, 18(5): 2580., articleTitle=A Model-Based Meta-Analysis of willingness to participate in cancer screening, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324077547155235416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, awardId=INV-006373, language=CN, fundingSource=比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金(INV-006373), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324077537168597500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077537185374717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, companyId=1324077537168597500, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077537202151934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, companyId=1324077537168597500, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324077537298620927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077537311203840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, companyId=1324077537298620927, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.电子科技大学医学院附属妇女儿童医院·成都市妇女儿童中心医院医务部)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324077537399284225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324077537411867138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, companyId=1324077537399284225, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100005)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324077543648797258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Structural equation initial model of cervical cancer screening willingness, figureFileSmall=cqGwE0WJC03bTuZvaAgESA==, figureFileBig=s2Zpycwx9zlmm4QU0rf6Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077543715906123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, language=CN, label=图1, caption=宫颈癌筛查意愿的结构方程初始模型, figureFileSmall=cqGwE0WJC03bTuZvaAgESA==, figureFileBig=s2Zpycwx9zlmm4QU0rf6Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077543967564364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Structural equation modification model of cervical cancer screening willingness, figureFileSmall=A4JKN+pGGThjNdTdyaIbzw==, figureFileBig=u9XBtwNKcCq2F4PRADFiuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077545678840397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, language=CN, label=图2, caption=宫颈癌筛查意愿的结构方程修正模型

注:x表示健康信念量表的具体条目;e表示对应的残差。

, figureFileSmall=A4JKN+pGGThjNdTdyaIbzw==, figureFileBig=u9XBtwNKcCq2F4PRADFiuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324077545792086606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The basic situation of 431 rural women and the univariate analysis of willingness for cervical cancer screening

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征宫颈癌筛查意愿[n(%)]χ2值P值
合计(n=431)愿意(n=319)不愿意(n=49)中立(n=63)
年龄(岁)17.2340.008
35~3977(17.9)57(74.0)a3(3.9)a17(22.1)a
40~49106(24.6)75(70.8)a12(11.3)a19(17.9)a
50~59176(40.8)138(78.4)a25(14.2)a13(7.4)b
60~6472(16.7)49(68.1)a9(12.5)a14(19.4)a
婚姻状况—0.310*
已婚402(93.3)300(74.6)46(11.4)56(13.9)
未婚/离异/丧偶29(6.7)19(65.5)3(10.3)7(24.1)
民族18.3910.001
汉族197(45.7)148(75.1)a28(14.2)a21(10.7)a
藏族45(10.4)31(68.9)a10(22.2)a4(8.9)ab
彝族189(43.9)140(74.1)a11(5.8)b38(20.1)b
文化程度7.9190.244
未正式上过学183(42.5)144(78.7)15(8.2)24(13.1)
小学124(28.8)89(71.8)15(12.1)20(16.1)
初中80(18.6)58(72.5)13(16.3)9(11.3)
高中/中专及以上44(10.2)28(63.6)6(13.6)10(22.7)
职业21.9320.001
非就业类147(34.1)118(80.3)a11(7.5)a18(12.2)a
农业劳动类201(46.6)153(76.1)a22(10.9)a26(12.9)a
商业/服务类17(3.9)9(52.9)ab6(35.3)b2(11.8)a
专业技能/自主从业类66(15.3)39(59.1)b10(15.2)ab17(25.8)a
家庭月收入(元)5.9670.202
<2 000296(68.7)228(77.0)28(9.5)40(13.5)
2 000~4 00099(23.0)67(67.7)14(14.1)18(18.2)
>4 00036(8.4)24(66.7)7(19.4)5(13.9)
是否有宫颈癌家族史—0.825*
有2(0.5)2(100.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)
无418(97.0)308(73.7)49(11.7)61(14.6)
不知道11(2.6)9(81.8)0(0.0)2(18.2)
是否有基础疾病1.2080.547
有71(16.5)53(74.6)10(14.1)8(11.3)
无360(83.5)266(73.9)39(10.8)55(15.3)
是否听说过宫颈癌筛查2.4970.287
是379(87.9)282(74.4)45(11.9)52(13.7)
否52(12.1)37(71.2)4(7.7)11(21.2)
是否参加过宫颈癌筛查1.5730.455
是223(51.7)169(75.8)26(11.7)28(12.6)
否208(48.3)150(72.1)23(11.1)35(16.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077545909527119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

431名农村女性的基本情况和宫颈癌筛查意愿的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征宫颈癌筛查意愿[n(%)]χ2值P值
合计(n=431)愿意(n=319)不愿意(n=49)中立(n=63)
年龄(岁)17.2340.008
35~3977(17.9)57(74.0)a3(3.9)a17(22.1)a
40~49106(24.6)75(70.8)a12(11.3)a19(17.9)a
50~59176(40.8)138(78.4)a25(14.2)a13(7.4)b
60~6472(16.7)49(68.1)a9(12.5)a14(19.4)a
婚姻状况—0.310*
已婚402(93.3)300(74.6)46(11.4)56(13.9)
未婚/离异/丧偶29(6.7)19(65.5)3(10.3)7(24.1)
民族18.3910.001
汉族197(45.7)148(75.1)a28(14.2)a21(10.7)a
藏族45(10.4)31(68.9)a10(22.2)a4(8.9)ab
彝族189(43.9)140(74.1)a11(5.8)b38(20.1)b
文化程度7.9190.244
未正式上过学183(42.5)144(78.7)15(8.2)24(13.1)
小学124(28.8)89(71.8)15(12.1)20(16.1)
初中80(18.6)58(72.5)13(16.3)9(11.3)
高中/中专及以上44(10.2)28(63.6)6(13.6)10(22.7)
职业21.9320.001
非就业类147(34.1)118(80.3)a11(7.5)a18(12.2)a
农业劳动类201(46.6)153(76.1)a22(10.9)a26(12.9)a
商业/服务类17(3.9)9(52.9)ab6(35.3)b2(11.8)a
专业技能/自主从业类66(15.3)39(59.1)b10(15.2)ab17(25.8)a
家庭月收入(元)5.9670.202
<2 000296(68.7)228(77.0)28(9.5)40(13.5)
2 000~4 00099(23.0)67(67.7)14(14.1)18(18.2)
>4 00036(8.4)24(66.7)7(19.4)5(13.9)
是否有宫颈癌家族史—0.825*
有2(0.5)2(100.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)
无418(97.0)308(73.7)49(11.7)61(14.6)
不知道11(2.6)9(81.8)0(0.0)2(18.2)
是否有基础疾病1.2080.547
有71(16.5)53(74.6)10(14.1)8(11.3)
无360(83.5)266(73.9)39(10.8)55(15.3)
是否听说过宫颈癌筛查2.4970.287
是379(87.9)282(74.4)45(11.9)52(13.7)
否52(12.1)37(71.2)4(7.7)11(21.2)
是否参加过宫颈癌筛查1.5730.455
是223(51.7)169(75.8)26(11.7)28(12.6)
否208(48.3)150(72.1)23(11.1)35(16.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1324077546056327760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of each dimension of health belief and screening willingness

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
健康信念维度宫颈癌筛查意愿[M(P25,P75)]H值P值
愿意不愿意中立
感知易感性9(6,11)a3(3,7.5)b9(6,9)a28.512<0.001
感知严重性16(13,18)a12(8,16)b12(12,15)b23.471<0.001
感知益处14(12,15)a12(12,15)a10(9,12)b30.211<0.001
感知障碍18(13,26)a17(9.5,21)b27(22,27)c21.119<0.001
行为线索12(11,15)a10(6,12.5)b9(9,12)b31.830<0.001
自我效能9(8,10)a8(6,9)b6(6,8)b71.265<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324077546207322705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

健康信念各维度得分与筛查意愿的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
健康信念维度宫颈癌筛查意愿[M(P25,P75)]H值P值
愿意不愿意中立
感知易感性9(6,11)a3(3,7.5)b9(6,9)a28.512<0.001
感知严重性16(13,18)a12(8,16)b12(12,15)b23.471<0.001
感知益处14(12,15)a12(12,15)a10(9,12)b30.211<0.001
感知障碍18(13,26)a17(9.5,21)b27(22,27)c21.119<0.001
行为线索12(11,15)a10(6,12.5)b9(9,12)b31.830<0.001
自我效能9(8,10)a8(6,9)b6(6,8)b71.265<0.001
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Table of modified model fits

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指标参考范围实测值拟合结果
CFI>0.90.928良好
NFI>0.90.903良好
IFI>0.90.928良好
TLI>0.90.915良好
RMSEA<0.080.078良好
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修正后模型拟合情况表

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指标参考范围实测值拟合结果
CFI>0.90.928良好
NFI>0.90.903良好
IFI>0.90.928良好
TLI>0.90.915良好
RMSEA<0.080.078良好
), ArticleFig(id=1324077546651918932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Path analysis of influencing factors of cervical cancer screening willingness

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路径非标准化路径系数标准化路径系数标准误差临界比值P值
自我效能→筛查意愿1.2000.5410.1438.363<0.001
感知易感性→筛查意愿0.1750.1770.0414.311<0.001
感知严重性→自我效能0.2470.3680.0416.034<0.001
感知障碍→自我效能-0.176-0.3040.032-5.417<0.001
行为线索→自我效能0.2210.4380.0375.908<0.001
感知益处→感知障碍-0.142-0.1480.048-2.9320.003
感知易感性↔感知严重性0.3630.3590.0615.987<0.001
感知易感性↔感知益处0.0910.0740.0611.4840.138
感知易感性↔行为线索0.2890.2150.0823.509<0.001
感知益处↔感知严重性0.6060.7440.0629.754<0.001
感知益处↔行为线索0.1590.1470.0572.8080.005
感知严重性↔行为线索0.0850.0960.0471.8030.071
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宫颈癌筛查意愿影响因素路径分析

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路径非标准化路径系数标准化路径系数标准误差临界比值P值
自我效能→筛查意愿1.2000.5410.1438.363<0.001
感知易感性→筛查意愿0.1750.1770.0414.311<0.001
感知严重性→自我效能0.2470.3680.0416.034<0.001
感知障碍→自我效能-0.176-0.3040.032-5.417<0.001
行为线索→自我效能0.2210.4380.0375.908<0.001
感知益处→感知障碍-0.142-0.1480.048-2.9320.003
感知易感性↔感知严重性0.3630.3590.0615.987<0.001
感知易感性↔感知益处0.0910.0740.0611.4840.138
感知易感性↔行为线索0.2890.2150.0823.509<0.001
感知益处↔感知严重性0.6060.7440.0629.754<0.001
感知益处↔行为线索0.1590.1470.0572.8080.005
感知严重性↔行为线索0.0850.0960.0471.8030.071
), ArticleFig(id=1324077546911965782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The influence effects of each dimension of health belief on cervical cancer screening willingness

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路径直接效应间接效应总效应
自我效能→筛查意愿0.541—0.541
感知易感性→筛查意愿0.177—0.177
感知严重性→筛查意愿—0.1990.199
感知益处→筛查意愿—0.0240.024
感知障碍→筛查意愿—-0.164-0.164
行为线索→筛查意愿—0.2370.237
), ArticleFig(id=1324077547012629079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324077534228390389, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

健康信念各维度对宫颈癌筛查意愿的影响效应

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路径直接效应间接效应总效应
自我效能→筛查意愿0.541—0.541
感知易感性→筛查意愿0.177—0.177
感知严重性→筛查意愿—0.1990.199
感知益处→筛查意愿—0.0240.024
感知障碍→筛查意愿—-0.164-0.164
行为线索→筛查意愿—0.2370.237
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基于健康信念模型的农村女性宫颈癌筛查意愿及影响因素研究
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谭卓 1 , 张璐 1 , 杨登辉 1 , 庞冰 1 , 张绮文 1 , 董尧 1 , 彭介入 1, 2 , 贾鑫华 3 , 朱奕潼 3 , 王慧珂 3 , 乔友林 3 , 杨春霞 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026,53(7): 1257-1263
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026 , 53 (7) : 1257 -1263
基于健康信念模型的农村女性宫颈癌筛查意愿及影响因素研究
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谭卓1, 张璐1, 杨登辉1, 庞冰1, 张绮文1, 董尧1, 彭介入1, 2, 贾鑫华3, 朱奕潼3, 王慧珂3, 乔友林3 , 杨春霞1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.电子科技大学医学院附属妇女儿童医院·成都市妇女儿童中心医院医务部
  • 3.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100005
通讯作者:
杨春霞,E-mail:
乔友林,E-mail:;杨春霞与乔友林为共同通信作者
作者简介:

谭卓(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学

Cervical cancer screening willingness and its influencing factors among rural women based on the health belief model
Zhuo TAN1, Lu ZHANG1, Deng-hui YANG1, Bing PANG1, Qi-wen ZHANG1, Yao DONG1, Jie-ru PENG1, 2, Xin-hua JIA3, Yi-tong ZHU3, Hui-ke WANG3, You-lin QIAO3 , Chun-xia YANG1
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510104
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目的

基于健康信念模型研究农村女性宫颈癌筛查意愿及影响因素,为提高农村女性的宫颈癌筛查参与率提供理论支持。

方法

2025年4—5月采用多阶段整群抽样,选取四川省雅安市石棉县的农村女性开展问卷调查,调查内容包括一般人口学资料、宫颈癌筛查意愿健康信念、宫颈癌筛查意愿。采用单因素分析一般人口学特征和健康信念各维度与宫颈癌筛查意愿的关系,采用结构方程模型探究筛查意愿的影响因素和路径。

结果

共收集431份有效问卷,其中74.0%的调查对象愿意参加宫颈癌筛查。单因素分析结果显示不同年龄、民族、职业女性的筛查意愿差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结构方程模型结果显示自我效能(直接效应:0.541,P<0.001)和感知易感性(直接效应:0.177,P<0.001)对筛查意愿产生直接正向作用;行为线索(间接效应:0.237)、感知严重性(间接效应:0.199)、感知益处(间接效应:0.024)对筛查意愿产生间接正向作用;感知障碍对筛查意愿产生间接负向作用(间接效应:-0.164)。

结论

基于健康信念模型,需要采取针对性措施,提高农村女性对宫颈癌易感性、严重性和筛查益处的认知,增强行为线索和自我效能,降低障碍感,进而提高筛查意愿。

健康信念模型  /  宫颈癌  /  筛查意愿  /  结构方程模型  /  农村女性
Objective

To investigate rural women's willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening and its influencing factors based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), and to provide theoretical support for improving screening participation rates in this population.

Methods

From April to May 2025, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select rural women in Shimian County, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province for a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, health beliefs related to cervical cancer screening, and screening willingness. Univariate analysis was used to examine associations between demographic variables, HBM dimensions, and screening willingness. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to identify influencing factors and pathways affecting screening willingness.

Results

Among the 431 valid questionnaires collected, 74.0% of respondents expressed willingness to participate in cervical cancer screening. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in screening willingness across age, ethnicity, and occupation (P<0.05). SEM results indicated that self-efficacy (direct effect=0.541, P<0.001) and perceived susceptibility (direct effect=0.177, P<0.001) had direct positive effects on screening willingness. Cues to action (indirect effect=0.237), perceived severity (indirect effect=0.199), and perceived benefits (indirect effect=0.024) exerted indirect positive effects, while perceived barriers had an indirect negative effect (indirect effect=-0.164).

Conclusion

Based on the Health Belief Model, targeted measures should be implemented to improve rural women's perceptions of susceptibility, severity, and screening benefits, enhance cues to action and self-efficacy, and reduce perceived barriers, thereby increasing cervical cancer screening willingness.

Health belief model  /  Cervical cancer  /  Screening willingness  /  Structural equation modeling  /  Rural women
谭卓, 张璐, 杨登辉, 庞冰, 张绮文, 董尧, 彭介入, 贾鑫华, 朱奕潼, 王慧珂, 乔友林, 杨春霞. 基于健康信念模型的农村女性宫颈癌筛查意愿及影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1257 -1263 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510104
Zhuo TAN, Lu ZHANG, Deng-hui YANG, Bing PANG, Qi-wen ZHANG, Yao DONG, Jie-ru PENG, Xin-hua JIA, Yi-tong ZHU, Hui-ke WANG, You-lin QIAO, Chun-xia YANG. Cervical cancer screening willingness and its influencing factors among rural women based on the health belief model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (7) : 1257 -1263 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510104
宫颈癌是一种发生在子宫颈部的恶性肿瘤,是全球女性第四大常见癌症,也是导致女性死亡的主要原因之一。2022年全球宫颈癌年龄标准化发病率为14.1/10万,死亡率为7.1/10万[1]。中国宫颈癌年龄标准化发病率为13.8/10万,死亡率为4.5/10万[2]。由于人口基数大,我国的宫颈癌疾病负担约占全球的五分之一[3]。近年来,我国宫颈癌发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势[4],农村宫颈癌发病率和死亡率高于城市[5],疾病负担日益加重,是亟待解决的重大公共卫生问题。
定期筛查可以识别宫颈癌前病变,提供治疗机会,有效降低宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率[6]。为减少全球宫颈癌疾病负担,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)于2020年发布了《加速消除宫颈癌全球战略》,需要在2030年之前实现70%的妇女在35和45岁分别接受一次高精度筛查[7]。中国于2009年启动了一项全国宫颈癌筛查计划,为农村妇女提供免费的宫颈癌筛查。然而,目前35~64岁农村妇女的宫颈癌筛查参与率仅为30%左右,远低于70%的目标[3]。
健康信念模型(health belief model,HBM)是一种社会心理学模型,其核心在于解释社会心理因素对健康行为的影响,计划行为理论(theory of planned behavior,TPB)指出行为意愿是行为的最直接预测因素,已有研究扩展了HBM模型,加入行为意愿作为健康行为的前端因素,并广泛应用于评估肿瘤筛查、疫苗接种相关的信念和态度[8-10]。了解HBM的构成对于制定有效的干预措施,促进宫颈癌筛查具有重要意义。因此本研究假设,健康信念各维度是宫颈癌筛查意愿的影响因素。为了验证假设并探究具体作用路径,以石棉县的农村女性为研究对象,调查宫颈癌筛查的意愿并探讨其影响因素,为制定有效策略、提高农村女性宫颈癌筛查参与率提供科学依据。
本研究于2025年4—5月选取四川省雅安市石棉县35~64岁的农村女性为研究对象。为保证模型运行的可信度,基于样本量高于观测量10倍的要求,本研究样本量应大于250例。研究采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,从全县所有乡镇中随机抽取4个乡镇,在每个抽取的乡镇中随机抽取2个村落,最后在每个村落中随机抽取50名调查对象。在实际执行过程中,部分村落在完成既定样本量后,仍有少量符合条件且自愿参与的对象,为充分利用现场资源并尊重其参与意愿,我们将其一并纳入,共调查431人。纳入标准:(1)当地常住居民;(2)年龄在35~64岁的农村妇女;排除标准:有认知或意识障碍的患者。调查前均获得了研究对象的知情同意。本研究已获得中国医学科学院北京协和医学院伦理审查委员会审查批准(审批号:CAMS&PUMC-IEC-2022- 077)。
结合文献回顾和专家咨询完成问卷设计,问卷包括:(1)一般人口学资料,包括年龄、民族、婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭月收入等。(2)宫颈癌筛查意愿健康信念问卷,包括感知严重性、感知易感性、感知益处、感知障碍、行为线索和自我效能共6个维度,采用Likert 5级计分法,从“完全不同意”至“完全同意”,依次计为1~5分,每个维度的得分由该维度下所有条目的得分总和构成。感知易感性(3项)指对宫颈癌患病风险的感知;感知严重性(4项)指对患宫颈癌严重性的看法;感知益处(3项)指对宫颈癌筛查能带来的积极效果的看法;感知障碍(9项)指个体认为筛查过程中存在的困难或负面因素;行为线索(3项)指个体接收到的促使其进行筛查的外部线索;自我效能(2项)指个体对自己能否成功完成筛查行为的信心。健康信念量表各维度的Cronbachα均大于0.7,ITC值均大于0.4,效度分析KMO值为0.883,Bartlett球形度检验显著值小于0.001,量表内部信效度良好。(3)宫颈癌筛查意愿,采用Likert 5级计分法,从“非常不愿意”至“非常愿意”,依次计为1~5分。1~2分为不愿意,3分为中立,4~5分为愿意。
调查正式开始前,对参与调查的相关工作人员进行规范化培训。调查过程中,调查员在取得研究对象知情同意后采用电子问卷进行一对一面访调查。问卷填写完成后,调查员对问卷进行核查,有无缺项漏项及错误填写,调查结束后通过问卷星系统导出形成数据库,确保数据质量的可靠性。
采用SPSS 26.0进行数据的统计分析。用频数和构成比描述计数资料,不服从正态分布的计量资料用中位数和四分位数[M(P25,P75)]表示。分类变量采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法,连续变量采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,进行筛查意愿的单因素分析。采用Bonferroni校正法进行组间多重比较。采用AMOS 29建立结构方程模型,服从正态分布数据使用最大似然估计,否则使用bootstrap法进行参数估计。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共收集431份有效调查问卷,无缺失值。其中319人(74.0%)表示愿意参加宫颈癌筛查。176人(40.8%)年龄在50~59岁,402人(93.3%)为已婚女性。民族构成以汉族和彝族为主,分别有197(45.7%)和189(43.9%)人,藏族有45人(10.4%)。307人(71.3%)文化程度为小学及以下;职业主要为非就业类和农业劳动类,分别有147(34.1%)和201(46.6%)人;296人(68.7%)家庭月收入低于2 000元。87.9%研究对象听说过宫颈癌筛查,其中223人(51.7%)曾参加过宫颈癌筛查。见表1。
单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、民族、职业女性的筛查意愿差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。健康信念各维度(感知易感性、感知严重性、感知益处、感知障碍、行为线索、自我效能)得分在宫颈癌筛查意愿不同组间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。见表1、2。
样本量与观测指标数量比值大于10,满足结构方程参数估计要求。多重共线性诊断结果,VIF均小于10,容差均大于0.1,不存在严重多重共线性问题。根据健康信念理论,以健康信念各维度为自变量,宫颈癌筛查意愿为因变量构建结构方程初始模型[11],见图1,初始模型的拟合度均未达标。根据理论依据和修正指数(MI>10)对初始模型进行修正[11-12],得到最终模型,见图2。修正后的模型拟合达到可接受水平。见表3。
模型路径图显示,自我效能对筛查意愿产生的效应量最大(总效应为0.541),产生直接正向作用;其次是行为线索,通过自我效能对筛查意愿产生间接正向作用(间接效应为0.237);感知易感性对筛查意愿产生直接正向作用(直接效应为0.177);感知严重性通过自我效能对筛查意愿产生间接正向作用(间接效应为0.199);感知益处通过负向作用于感知障碍对筛查意愿产生间接正向作用(间接效应为0.024);感知障碍通过自我效能对筛查意愿产生间接负向作用(间接效应为-0.164)。见表4、5。
研究结果显示74.0%的研究对象愿意参加宫颈癌筛查,该比例高于国内部分农村地区的研究结果,如西部地区为61.7%,苏北地区为67.0%[13-15]。这可能与石棉县近年来医院、社区及政府部门持续的健康宣传密切相关,在一定程度上提升了农村女性对宫颈癌筛查的认知基础。但是与国内部分城市地区(>80%)相比,其筛查意愿还是较低,提示农村地区与城市地区在宫颈癌筛查相关资源配置、认知深度及支持体系上仍存在显著差距[16-18]。
从人口学特征来看,不同年龄、民族、职业的女性筛查意愿间存在差异。不同年龄段的女性对于宫颈癌筛查意愿的差异主要来源于中立态度。与50~59岁女性相比,其他年龄段女性持中立态度的比例相对较高,这可能是因为年轻女性对自身健康风险感知不足,而老年女性则可能受身体机能衰退、缺少相关知识的认知等因素影响,表现出“观望、犹豫等”中立态度[19-20]。在民族差异方面,与汉族和藏族女性相比,彝族女性不愿意筛查的比例更低,持中立态度的比例更高,既往研究表示民族差异可能与民族文化习俗、健康观念以及当地彝族女性的健康认知水平等相关[21-22],具体原因还需进一步调查。此外,职业维度中,非就业类和农业劳动类女性愿意筛查的比例高于专业技能/自主从业类女性,孟雪等[23]对务工女性宫颈癌筛查意愿研究发现,无业和农民群体时间灵活性更高,且更易接触到基层医疗机构的上门宣传或免费筛查通知,意愿较高。提示不同人群的筛查意愿干预需采取差异化策略,针对筛查意愿较低的人群,应加强宣传教育、提高筛查的可及性。
健康信念单因素分析结果显示,愿意筛查的女性健康信念各维度得分中位数均高于不愿意筛查的女性。根据健康信念理论,感知障碍越高,个体的行为意愿通常越低。然而,本研究中立组在感知障碍上的得分最高,而不愿意组的得分反而最低,与部分研究结果相反[24-25]。这可能是测量工具的理解偏差导致,不愿意组可能因其较为坚定的负面态度,不再将过程中的困难视为重要的障碍,从而给出了更低的评分;中立组可能正因为感知到这些障碍而犹豫不决,导致其在该维度上得分最高[26]。此外,也不能排除问卷疲劳的影响。
结构方程模型显示,自我效能对筛查意愿有直接正向作用,且总效应最高(0.541),与既往研究结果相似[11],说明女性对自己完成筛查的信心越强,参与意愿越高,提示需要帮助女性建立完成筛查的信心。模型还显示,感知严重性和行为线索通过自我效能对筛查意愿产生间接正向作用,说明宫颈癌严重性认知和社会支持会增强女性的自我效能,进而提高筛查意愿,与陈灵香的研究结论相似[27];感知障碍通过自我效能对筛查意愿产生负向作用,董雪凡等[28]研究表明可以通过改善感知障碍及自我效能来促进筛查;以上结果提示在干预中,需通过加强宫颈癌的宣传科普、鼓动亲朋好友和医务人员相互宣传、改善筛查服务的可及性,来强化自我效能的正向作用[29]。感知易感性对筛查意愿有直接正向作用,与既往研究结果相似[30],说明女性认为自己患宫颈癌的风险越高,越愿意参加宫颈癌筛查,这提示在宣传教育的过程中应该重点介绍宫颈癌的危险因素。此外本研究结果显示,感知益处对筛查意愿的效应量相对有限,感知易感性、感知益处、感知严重性与行为线索之间或存在双向关联的潜在机制,进而影响筛查意愿,需要进一步研究验证。
本研究虽系统分析了石棉县农村女性宫颈癌筛查意愿的影响因素,但仍存在以下局限性:本研究为横断面研究,因果判断的能力较弱,未来可采用纵向研究进一步验证结论;研究仅选取四川省雅安市石棉县的农村女性为研究对象,样本代表性有限,结果应谨慎推广至全国其他农村地区,未来研究可采用多中心抽样,扩大样本覆盖范围,以提升结论的普适性。
综上所述,石棉县35~64岁农村女性的宫颈癌筛查意愿高于国内其他农村地区,低于城市地区。自我效能、感知易感性、感知严重性、感知益处和行为线索对筛查意愿有正向作用;感知障碍对筛查意愿有间接负向作用。在未来,需要通过加强宫颈癌和筛查相关知识的宣传介绍、提供相关的社会支持、改善筛查服务的可及性来建立以及强化女性完成宫颈癌筛查的信心,提高筛查意愿和参与率,降低宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率。
  • 比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金(INV-006373)
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2026年第53卷第7期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202510104
  • 接收时间:2025-10-10
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10
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比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金(INV-006373)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.电子科技大学医学院附属妇女儿童医院·成都市妇女儿童中心医院医务部
    3.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100005

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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total species (%)
属
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种数
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species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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