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Article(id=1324044576767488671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509474, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758902400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606426660, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606426660, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606426660, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606426660, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044540067328424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606417910, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670137580, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311799788602160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311799788602161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1377, endPage=1380, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044576956232352, articleId=1324044576767488671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemiological characteristics analysis of malaria, Suzhou City, 2005-2024, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

In order to better understand the current situation of malaria epidemic in Suzhou and provide scientific basis for formulating targeted strategies and measures to prevent the re transmission of malaria.

Methods

Statistical description of the prevalence and distribution characteristics of malaria cases reported in Suzhou City from 2005 to 2024, the comparison of rates or proportions was performed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.

Results

From 2005 to 2024, a total of 629 cases of malaria were reported in the city, including 456 domestic cases and 173 imported cases from abroad; Before 2011, the case reports were mainly domestic cases, and since 2012, all case reports have been imported cases from abroad and no secondary cases have occurred. The peak of domestic cases is concentrated from July to October in summer, while the seasonal characteristics of imported cases are not obvious, and the difference is statistically significant (χ2=110.335, P<0.05). The top three regions with the highest number of domestic cases are Kunshan, Changshu, and Gusu, while the top three regions with the highest number of imported cases are Zhangjiagang, Gusu, and Xiangcheng. The distribution differences between regions are statistically significant (χ2=144.831, P<0.05). The gender ratio of domestic cases is 1.49: 1, and the age of patients is mainly concentrated between 20-59 years old. There is no statistically significant difference in the gender ratio between patients in different age groups (0-19 years old, 20-39 years old, 40-59 years old, ≥60 years old, the same below)(χ2=2.044, P>0.05); The gender ratio of imported cases is 20.6: 1, and the age distribution is mainly concentrated between 20-59 years old. The number of male patients in each age group is higher than that of females, and the proportion of male patients in the 40-59 age group is the highest (98.77%), which is statistically significant compared with other age groups (χ2=9.918, P<0.05). The main categories of domestic case populations are migrant workers, laborers, and farmers; The main categories of imported cases are workers, farmers, domestic workers and unemployed individuals, and commercial services. The main species composition of domestic cases is Plasmodium vivax (379/456); The main species composition of imported cases is Plasmodium falciparum (125/173). The vast majority of imported cases come from African countries.

Conclusion

Although malaria has been eliminated in Suzhou, imported cases from abroad continue to occur sporadically, we should improve the diagnosis and treatment level of cases, strengthen epidemic monitoring and case management, and enhance the self-protection awareness of key populations against malaria.

, authors=Jiang-chun QIN, Jing-zhi WU, Jing ZHOU, Xiu-zhen WU, Jing SU, Ling-e SHEN, Qian-wen SHI, authorsList=Jiang-chun QIN, Jing-zhi WU, Jing ZHOU, Xiu-zhen WU, Jing SU, Ling-e SHEN, Qian-wen SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qian-wen SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044577602155173, articleId=1324044576767488671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2005—2024年苏州市疟疾流行病学特征分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

为了更好地掌握苏州市疟疾流行现况，为制定针对性的防止疟疾输入再传播策略和措施提供科学依据。

方法

对苏州市2005—2024年报告的疟疾病例流行情况和分布特征进行统计描述，率或构成比的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验。

结果

2005—2024年全市共报告629例疟疾病例，其中国内病例数456例、国外输入病例数173例；2011年以前病例报告以国内病例为主，2012年起病例报告均为国外输入病例且未发生继发病例。国内病例发病高峰集中在夏季7~10月，国外输入病例发病季节特征不明显，差异有统计学意义（χ2=110.335，P<0.05）。国内疟疾病例数居前三的地区为昆山市、常熟市、姑苏区，国外输入疟疾病例数居前三的地区为张家港市、姑苏区、相城区，地区间分布差异有统计学意义（χ2=144.831，P<0.05）。国内病例男女性别比为1.49∶1，患者年龄主要集中在20~59岁间，各年龄段（0~19岁、20~39岁、40~59岁、≥60岁，下同）患者间的男女性别比无统计学差异（χ2=2.044，P>0.05）；国外输入病例男女性别比为20.6:1，年龄分布主要集中在20~59岁间，各年龄段的男性患者数量均高于女性，且40~59岁年龄段的患者男性比例最高（98.77%），与其他年龄段比差异具有统计学意义（χ2=9.918，P<0.05）。国内病例职业分布主要为民工、工人、农民；国外输入病例职业分布主要为工人、农民、家务及待业、商业服务。国内病例虫种构成主要为间日疟（379/456）；国外输入病例虫种构成主要为恶性疟（125/173）。国外输入病例绝大部分来源于非洲国家。

结论

苏州市虽已消除疟疾，但国外输入病例仍持续散发出现，应提高对病例的诊疗水平，加强疫情监测和病例管理，提升重点人群的自我防疟意识等。

, authors=覃江纯, 吴敬之, 周靖, 吴秀珍, 苏静, 沈玲娥, 施倩雯, authorsList=覃江纯, 吴敬之, 周靖, 吴秀珍, 苏静, 沈玲娥, 施倩雯, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=施倩雯, authorNote=

覃江纯（1986—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：寄生虫病、传染性疾病控制

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施倩雯，E-mail：
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覃江纯（1986—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：寄生虫病、传染性疾病控制

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覃江纯（1986—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：寄生虫病、传染性疾病控制

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World malaria report 2024, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324044583528706781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, awardId=x202304, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省预防医学及血地寄防科研课题(x202304), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324044577832841895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044577841230504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, companyId=1324044577832841895, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044577853813417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, companyId=1324044577832841895, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=苏州市疾病预防控制中心，江苏　苏州　215000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324044581804847827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Number of malaria cases reported in Suzhou City from 2005 to 2024, figureFileSmall=aukj5G8QhP3wjQHvmmiTqg==, figureFileBig=ghMhJfKFyVSCxoKxc4gz3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044581884539604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2005—2024年苏州市报告疟疾病例数, figureFileSmall=aukj5G8QhP3wjQHvmmiTqg==, figureFileBig=ghMhJfKFyVSCxoKxc4gz3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044582073283285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Reported malaria cases in Suzhou City for each month from 2005 to 2024, figureFileSmall=LDimet83dUXJBCokF+c0yw==, figureFileBig=qCR+IhpCVjeINm9y3VksDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044582144586454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2005—2024年苏州市各月份报告疟疾病例数, figureFileSmall=LDimet83dUXJBCokF+c0yw==, figureFileBig=qCR+IhpCVjeINm9y3VksDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044582236861143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Reported malaria cases in various regions of Suzhou City from 2005 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区国内病例数（%）国外输入病例数（%）χ2值P值
虎丘区3（0.66）2（1.16）144.831<0.05
吴中区23（5.04）3（1.73）
相城区13（2.85）23（13.29）
姑苏区57（12.50）29（16.76）
吴江区32（7.02）4（2.31）
常熟市101（22.15）15（8.67）
张家港市46（10.09）74（42.77）
昆山市116（25.44）11（6.36）
太仓市49（10.75）9（5.20）
工业园区16（3.51）3（1.73）
), ArticleFig(id=1324044582354301656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2005—2024年苏州市各地区报告疟疾病例数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区国内病例数（%）国外输入病例数（%）χ2值P值
虎丘区3（0.66）2（1.16）144.831<0.05
吴中区23（5.04）3（1.73）
相城区13（2.85）23（13.29）
姑苏区57（12.50）29（16.76）
吴江区32（7.02）4（2.31）
常熟市101（22.15）15（8.67）
张家港市46（10.09）74（42.77）
昆山市116（25.44）11（6.36）
太仓市49（10.75）9（5.20）
工业园区16（3.51）3（1.73）
), ArticleFig(id=1324044582446576345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Age and gender distribution of reported malaria cases in Suzhou City from 2005 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
国内病例数（%）国外输入病例数（%）χ2值P值
性别
男273（59.87）165（95.38）74.781<0.05
女183（40.13）8（4.62）
年龄（岁）
0~19113（24.78）8（4.62）49.631<0.05
20~39219（48.03）78（45.09）
40~59107（23.46）81（46.82）
≥6017（3.73）6（3.47）
), ArticleFig(id=1324044582530462426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2005—2024年苏州市报告疟疾病例年龄和性别分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
国内病例数（%）国外输入病例数（%）χ2值P值
性别
男273（59.87）165（95.38）74.781<0.05
女183（40.13）8（4.62）
年龄（岁）
0~19113（24.78）8（4.62）49.631<0.05
20~39219（48.03）78（45.09）
40~59107（23.46）81（46.82）
≥6017（3.73）6（3.47）
), ArticleFig(id=1324044582626931419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Occupational distribution of reported malaria cases in Suzhou City from 2005 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
职业国内病例数国外输入病例数病例总数
民工1820182
工人7463137
农民513283
家务及待业242549
学生291241
商业服务112536
其它27633
不详22022
散居儿童18119
离退人员314
幼托儿童404
餐饮食品业404
渔（船）民314
干部职员123
医务人员213
海员及长途驾驶员033
教师011
保育员及保姆101
合计456173629
), ArticleFig(id=1324044582735983324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044576767488671, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2005—2024年苏州市报告疟疾病例职业分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
职业国内病例数国外输入病例数病例总数
民工1820182
工人7463137
农民513283
家务及待业242549
学生291241
商业服务112536
其它27633
不详22022
散居儿童18119
离退人员314
幼托儿童404
餐饮食品业404
渔（船）民314
干部职员123
医务人员213
海员及长途驾驶员033
教师011
保育员及保姆101
合计456173629
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2005—2024年苏州市疟疾流行病学特征分析
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覃江纯 , 吴敬之 , 周靖 , 吴秀珍 , 苏静 , 沈玲娥 , 施倩雯
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(8): 1377-1380
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (8) : 1377 -1380
2005—2024年苏州市疟疾流行病学特征分析
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覃江纯, 吴敬之, 周靖, 吴秀珍, 苏静, 沈玲娥, 施倩雯
作者信息
  • 苏州市疾病预防控制中心，江苏　苏州　215000
通讯作者:
施倩雯，E-mail：
作者简介:

覃江纯（1986—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：寄生虫病、传染性疾病控制

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of malaria, Suzhou City, 2005-2024
Jiang-chun QIN, Jing-zhi WU, Jing ZHOU, Xiu-zhen WU, Jing SU, Ling-e SHEN, Qian-wen SHI
Affiliations
  • Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509474
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摘要
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目的

为了更好地掌握苏州市疟疾流行现况，为制定针对性的防止疟疾输入再传播策略和措施提供科学依据。

方法

对苏州市2005—2024年报告的疟疾病例流行情况和分布特征进行统计描述，率或构成比的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验。

结果

2005—2024年全市共报告629例疟疾病例，其中国内病例数456例、国外输入病例数173例；2011年以前病例报告以国内病例为主，2012年起病例报告均为国外输入病例且未发生继发病例。国内病例发病高峰集中在夏季7~10月，国外输入病例发病季节特征不明显，差异有统计学意义（χ2=110.335，P<0.05）。国内疟疾病例数居前三的地区为昆山市、常熟市、姑苏区，国外输入疟疾病例数居前三的地区为张家港市、姑苏区、相城区，地区间分布差异有统计学意义（χ2=144.831，P<0.05）。国内病例男女性别比为1.49∶1，患者年龄主要集中在20~59岁间，各年龄段（0~19岁、20~39岁、40~59岁、≥60岁，下同）患者间的男女性别比无统计学差异（χ2=2.044，P>0.05）；国外输入病例男女性别比为20.6:1，年龄分布主要集中在20~59岁间，各年龄段的男性患者数量均高于女性，且40~59岁年龄段的患者男性比例最高（98.77%），与其他年龄段比差异具有统计学意义（χ2=9.918，P<0.05）。国内病例职业分布主要为民工、工人、农民；国外输入病例职业分布主要为工人、农民、家务及待业、商业服务。国内病例虫种构成主要为间日疟（379/456）；国外输入病例虫种构成主要为恶性疟（125/173）。国外输入病例绝大部分来源于非洲国家。

结论

苏州市虽已消除疟疾，但国外输入病例仍持续散发出现，应提高对病例的诊疗水平，加强疫情监测和病例管理，提升重点人群的自我防疟意识等。

疟疾  /  疫情  /  流行病学特征
Objective

In order to better understand the current situation of malaria epidemic in Suzhou and provide scientific basis for formulating targeted strategies and measures to prevent the re transmission of malaria.

Methods

Statistical description of the prevalence and distribution characteristics of malaria cases reported in Suzhou City from 2005 to 2024, the comparison of rates or proportions was performed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.

Results

From 2005 to 2024, a total of 629 cases of malaria were reported in the city, including 456 domestic cases and 173 imported cases from abroad; Before 2011, the case reports were mainly domestic cases, and since 2012, all case reports have been imported cases from abroad and no secondary cases have occurred. The peak of domestic cases is concentrated from July to October in summer, while the seasonal characteristics of imported cases are not obvious, and the difference is statistically significant (χ2=110.335, P<0.05). The top three regions with the highest number of domestic cases are Kunshan, Changshu, and Gusu, while the top three regions with the highest number of imported cases are Zhangjiagang, Gusu, and Xiangcheng. The distribution differences between regions are statistically significant (χ2=144.831, P<0.05). The gender ratio of domestic cases is 1.49: 1, and the age of patients is mainly concentrated between 20-59 years old. There is no statistically significant difference in the gender ratio between patients in different age groups (0-19 years old, 20-39 years old, 40-59 years old, ≥60 years old, the same below)(χ2=2.044, P>0.05); The gender ratio of imported cases is 20.6: 1, and the age distribution is mainly concentrated between 20-59 years old. The number of male patients in each age group is higher than that of females, and the proportion of male patients in the 40-59 age group is the highest (98.77%), which is statistically significant compared with other age groups (χ2=9.918, P<0.05). The main categories of domestic case populations are migrant workers, laborers, and farmers; The main categories of imported cases are workers, farmers, domestic workers and unemployed individuals, and commercial services. The main species composition of domestic cases is Plasmodium vivax (379/456); The main species composition of imported cases is Plasmodium falciparum (125/173). The vast majority of imported cases come from African countries.

Conclusion

Although malaria has been eliminated in Suzhou, imported cases from abroad continue to occur sporadically, we should improve the diagnosis and treatment level of cases, strengthen epidemic monitoring and case management, and enhance the self-protection awareness of key populations against malaria.

Malaria  /  Epidemic situation  /  Epidemiological characteristics
覃江纯, 吴敬之, 周靖, 吴秀珍, 苏静, 沈玲娥, 施倩雯. 2005—2024年苏州市疟疾流行病学特征分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1377 -1380 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509474
Jiang-chun QIN, Jing-zhi WU, Jing ZHOU, Xiu-zhen WU, Jing SU, Ling-e SHEN, Qian-wen SHI. Epidemiological characteristics analysis of malaria, Suzhou City, 2005-2024[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1377 -1380 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509474
正文
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疟疾主要是通过受感染的雌性按蚊叮咬或者输血感染疟原虫所引起的一种虫媒传染病[1]，目前在我国属于法定乙类传染病，也是一种可防可治的寄生虫病。历史上苏州市是以间日疟为主的疟疾重度流行地区，传播媒介主要是中华按蚊[2]。经过多年来的积极防治，苏州市已于2015年通过江苏省消除疟疾达标考核评估，达到消除疟疾标准[3]。然而，随着社会经济不断发展，国际往来业务越来越频繁，国外输入苏州市的疟疾病例不断出现，这也给疟疾防控带来了新问题新挑战。为更好地掌握疟疾流行现况，制定针对性的防止疟疾输入再传播策略和措施提供科学依据，现将苏州市近20年来疟疾病例流行病学特征分析如下。
1　疫情资料和方法
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1.1　疫情资料
来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统中的传染病监测报告管理系统，2005—2024年苏州市疟疾疫情数据。选取报告病例地区为江苏省苏州市、审核通过日期为2005年1月1日至2024年12月31日的疟疾病例报告卡信息。
1.2　方法
对苏州市2005—2024年报告的疟疾病例信息，采用描述性流行病学方法进行三间分布特征描述，运用Excel 2010、SPSS 20对报告数据进行统计分析并绘制相关图表，率或构成比的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验，检验水准α=0.05，对疫情数据进行整理、分析和总结。
2　结果
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2.1　基本情况
2005—2024年共报告629例疟疾病例，来源分别为国内病例数（包含本地病例+国内输入，下同）456例、国外输入病例数173例。其中2011年以前病例报告以国内病例为主，且在2007年达到报告高峰148例；2012年起病例报告均为国外输入病例，无明显高峰期且常年保持比较平稳的散发状态。2020—2023年，我市报告国外输入疟疾病例数明显减少，2024年报告病例数较前4年明显回升，达到21例。见图1。
2.2　时间分布
2005—2024年苏州市报告疟疾病例数合计629例，从月份分布来看，全年各月都有病例报告。按季度统计分析发现，国内病例和国外输入病例季节分布特征不同，差异有统计学意义（χ2=110.335，P<0.05）。其中，报告的国内病例具有季节分布特征，发病高峰集中在夏季7~10月，这四个月合计发病数占病例总数的71.05%（324/456）；而国外输入病例发病季节特征不明显，各月发病数差异不大。见图2。
2.3　地区分布
按病例报告地区统计分析发现，国内病例和国外输入病例报告地区分布特征不同，差异有统计学意义（χ2=144.831，P<0.05）。2005—2024年各地累计报告国内疟疾病例数居前三的地区为昆山市（116例）、常熟市（101例）、姑苏区（57例），合计274例，占病例总数的60.09%（274/456）。国外输入疟疾病例数居前三的地区为张家港市（74例）、姑苏区（29例）、相城区（23例），合计126例，占病例总数的72.83%（126/173）。见表1。
2.4　人群分布
2.4.1　年龄和性别分布
2005—2024年累计报告的456例国内病例中，男性273例、女性183例，男女性别比为1.49∶1，年龄分布主要集中在20~59岁间，合计占病例总数的71.49%（326/456）。0~19岁、20~39岁、40~59岁、≥60岁，各年龄段报告的男性病例数分别为62、137、63、11，女性病例数分别为51、82、44、6。不同年龄段的国内病例中，男女性别分布不存在统计学差异（χ2=2.044，P>0.05）。173例国外输入病例中，男性165例、女性8例，男女性别比为20.6∶1，年龄分布主要集中在20~59岁间，合计占病例总数的91.91%（159/173）。0~19岁、20~39岁、40~59岁、≥60岁，各年龄段报告的男性病例数分别为6、74、80、5，女性病例数分别为2、4、1、1。不同年龄段的国外输入病例中，男女性别分布存在统计学差异（χ2=9.918，P<0.05），40~59岁年龄段的患者男性比例最高（98.77%）。
从总体上分析，国内病例和国外输入病例男女性别构成存在统计学差异（χ2=74.781，P<0.05）；不同年龄组构成也存在统计学差异（χ2=49.631，P<0.05）。见表2。
2.4.2　职业分布
2005—2024年苏州市报告的456例国内病例职业分布主要为民工（182例）、工人（74例）、农民（51例），这三类合计占病例总数的67.32%（307/456）。报告的173例国外输入病例职业分布主要为工人（63例）、农民（32例）、家务及待业（25例）、商业服务（25例），这四类合计占病例总数的83.82%（145/173）。见表3。
2.5　虫种分布
国内病例虫种构成为间日疟379例（83.11%）、疟疾（未分型）70例（15.35%）、恶性疟7例（1.54%）。国外输入病例虫种构成为恶性疟125例（72.25%）、卵形疟26例（15.03%）、间日疟12例（6.94%）、三日疟5例（2.89%）、混合感染卵形疟+恶性疟2例（1.16%）、疟疾（未分型）2例（1.16%）、混合感染间日疟+恶性疟1例（0.58%）。
2.6　国外输入地分布
2005—2024年累计报告173例国外输入病例中，绝大部分来源于非洲（161例，占病例总数93.06%）。输入病例数居前三的国家分别为非洲安哥拉（30例）、非洲加蓬（24例）、非洲莫桑比克和非洲尼日利亚（各14例）。
3　讨论
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苏州位于长江三角洲中部，地处温带，属亚热带季风海洋性气候，四季分明，雨量充沛，适宜蚊虫孳生[4]，因此，苏州市历史上是以间日疟为主的疟疾重度流行地区，传播媒介主要是中华按蚊[5-6]。建国前，苏州市疟疾流行猖獗，发病率高居传染病首位，农村尤甚[7]。自1976年起，苏州市疟疾发病率呈直线下降，1981年起发病率已控制在10/10万以下，并一直保持在低度流行水平[8]。
苏州市2011年以前病例报告以国内病例为主，这与当时外地大量劳务人员来苏务工有关[8-10]。国内疟疾病例数报告较多的地区为昆山市、常熟市、姑苏区，分析原因可能是当时该地区流入的国内其他省份外来务工人员增多，带来的外地输入病例数随之增多，也符合职业分布大多为民工、工人、农民，以及男女发病无差异、年龄分布主要集中在20~59岁间这些特征。苏州主要孳生的蚊种是中华按蚊[6]，因此苏州国内病例以间日疟为主。并且由于中华按蚊孳生具有季节性，主要于夏季高活跃度，因此国内病例发病高峰集中在夏季7~10月[11]。
苏州市2012年起疟疾病例报告都为国外输入病例，均经及时诊治和规范疫点处置，未发生继发病例，病例报告无明显高峰期且常年保持较低水平的散发状态，与其他地市报告的趋势基本一致[12-16]。2020—2023年苏州市报告国外输入疟疾病例数明显减少，可能原因是受新冠疫情防控政策影响，当时第一入境口岸城市针对入境人员实行不同程度的隔离措施，很多病例在隔离期间发病即被当地医疗机构进行诊断并报告，苏州市未作为第一入境口岸城市故而接收到的病例数大大减少；同时也与该特殊时期内往返于境外疟疾流行区的人员数量明显减少等多种因素有关。2023年之后随着新型冠状病毒感染实行“乙类乙管”政策，2024年报告的疟疾病例数较前4年明显回升。国外输入疟疾病例数最多的张家港市，因其属地有多家与非洲木材交易有关的公司，每年来往于中非两地的男性经商或是务工人员数较多，这也与国外输入疟疾病例的职业分布、年龄性别分布、输入地分布相呼应。国外输入病例发病季节特征不明显，各月发病数差异不大，可能原因是非洲气候炎热，全年均有蚊虫孳生并传播疟疾[17]。国外输入病例以恶性疟为主，可能原因是输入地主要来自非洲地区，而恶性疟原虫就是非洲地区最普遍存在的疟疾病原体[18]。由于苏州缺少嗜人按蚊孳生，因此恶性疟在苏州扩散概率低[2]。
疟疾一直是全球范围内最严重的公共卫生问题之一[19]，当下主要流行于非洲、东南亚、拉丁美洲、大洋洲等地区，其中以非洲和东南亚地区高度流行，给人类健康带来了极大威胁[20]。我国虽然已于2021年达到疟疾消除标准[19]，但随着社会经济的不断发展，国际往来业务越来越频繁，国外输入的疟疾病例仍持续不断散在出现，成为当下及未来的疟疾防控重点。我们仍需加强疟疾相关监测工作，不断提升各级医疗卫生机构人员的疟疾检测、诊断能力，确保病例能被早发现、早诊断、早治疗，避免向重症或死亡病例发展；同时加强对往返高疟区的人员进行疟疾相关防治知识的宣传工作，提高重点人群的自我防护意识和及时就诊意识，确保发病后病情得到及时控制和有效治疗；还要继续做好蚊媒监测工作，了解蚊虫种群分布、密度变化及季节消长规律，谨防国外输入疟疾病例引起的继发传播。本研究通过分析苏州市近20年来疟疾疫情数据，厘清了苏州市国内病例和国外输入性病例的流行病学特征，为防止疟疾输入再传播策略和措施提供依据。
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参考文献 引证文献
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2026年第53卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509474
  • 接收时间：2025-09-27
  • 首发时间：2026-11-02
  • 出版时间：2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-09-27
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江苏省预防医学及血地寄防科研课题(x202304)
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    苏州市疾病预防控制中心，江苏　苏州　215000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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