Article(id=1324071008398880785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509383, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758556800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793612728451, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793612728451, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793612728451, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793612728451, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324070892967428793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793612700931, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793612772549, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4516, endPage=4520, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324071008616984594, articleId=1324071008398880785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Construction and application effect evaluation of an integrated monitoring platform for healthy life expectancy statistics, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the construction of an integrated monitoring platform for Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE) statistics and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of its application effectiveness.

Methods

Challenges were analyzed to define development goals. Multiple sources of health and medical big data were integrated, and advanced technologies such as blockchain and big data processing were applied to enable dynamic monitoring, automated calculation, and comprehensive analysis of HLE and its determinants.

Results

The platform successfully connected with information systems from tertiary hospitals nationwide, multiple public health data platforms, and various disease registries. Data completeness improved significantly from an average of 65% to over 92%. A monitoring system comprising five categories and more than 30 HLE-related indicators was established, identifying over 20 key factors strongly associated with HLE. The average approval time for data-sharing applications was reduced from seven working days to three, enhancing both security and efficiency in data sharing.

Conclusion

The integrated monitoring platform for HLE statistics demonstrates substantial value in improving the efficiency of health data analysis, supporting policy formulation, and guiding health interventions. It provides robust data support and technological assurance for the advancement of the Healthy China initiative.

, authors=Shi-yong WU1, Yue CAI1, Zi-tong WANG2, 3, authorsList=Shi-yong WU, Yue CAI, Zi-tong WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shi-yong WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324071009401319447, articleId=1324071008398880785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=健康预期寿命统计数据综合监测平台系统构建及应用成效评价, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索健康预期寿命(HLE)统计数据综合监测平台系统的构建,并初步评价其应用成效。

方法

通过分析面临的挑战,确定建设目标,整合多源健康医疗大数据,运用区块链、大数据处理等前沿技术,实现对HLE及其影响因素的动态监测、自动测算与综合分析。

结果

平台成功对接了全国范围内的多家三甲医院信息系统、多个公共卫生数据平台以及多个疾病登记系统,数据完整性从最初的平均65%大幅提升至92%以上;构建了包含5大类、30余项HLE相关指标的监测体系,成功挖掘出20余个与HLE密切相关的影响因素;数据共享申请审批时间从平均7个工作日缩短至3个工作日,有效提升了数据共享的安全性和效率。

结论

本文建立的健康预期寿命统计数据综合监测平台展示了其在提升健康数据分析效率、支持政策制定和健康干预方面的显著价值,为健康中国建设提供了有力的数据支撑和技术保障。

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吴士勇(1969—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究、卫生健康信息化

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吴士勇,E-mail:
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吴士勇(1969—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究、卫生健康信息化

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健康预期寿命统计数据综合监测平台系统构建及应用成效评价
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吴士勇 1 , 蔡玥 1 , 王梓彤 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(24): 4516-4520
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2025 , 52 (24) : 4516 -4520
健康预期寿命统计数据综合监测平台系统构建及应用成效评价
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吴士勇(1969—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究、卫生健康信息化

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吴士勇1 , 蔡玥1, 王梓彤2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.国家卫生健康委统计信息中心,北京 100810
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
  • 3.四川大学健康城市发展研究中心/西部农村卫生发展研究中心
通讯作者:
吴士勇,E-mail:
作者简介:

吴士勇(1969—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究、卫生健康信息化

Construction and application effect evaluation of an integrated monitoring platform for healthy life expectancy statistics
Shi-yong WU1 , Yue CAI1, Zi-tong WANG2, 3
Affiliations
  • National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100810, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509383
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目的

探索健康预期寿命(HLE)统计数据综合监测平台系统的构建,并初步评价其应用成效。

方法

通过分析面临的挑战,确定建设目标,整合多源健康医疗大数据,运用区块链、大数据处理等前沿技术,实现对HLE及其影响因素的动态监测、自动测算与综合分析。

结果

平台成功对接了全国范围内的多家三甲医院信息系统、多个公共卫生数据平台以及多个疾病登记系统,数据完整性从最初的平均65%大幅提升至92%以上;构建了包含5大类、30余项HLE相关指标的监测体系,成功挖掘出20余个与HLE密切相关的影响因素;数据共享申请审批时间从平均7个工作日缩短至3个工作日,有效提升了数据共享的安全性和效率。

结论

本文建立的健康预期寿命统计数据综合监测平台展示了其在提升健康数据分析效率、支持政策制定和健康干预方面的显著价值,为健康中国建设提供了有力的数据支撑和技术保障。

健康预期寿命  /  大数据  /  区块链  /  监测平台
Objective

To explore the construction of an integrated monitoring platform for Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE) statistics and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of its application effectiveness.

Methods

Challenges were analyzed to define development goals. Multiple sources of health and medical big data were integrated, and advanced technologies such as blockchain and big data processing were applied to enable dynamic monitoring, automated calculation, and comprehensive analysis of HLE and its determinants.

Results

The platform successfully connected with information systems from tertiary hospitals nationwide, multiple public health data platforms, and various disease registries. Data completeness improved significantly from an average of 65% to over 92%. A monitoring system comprising five categories and more than 30 HLE-related indicators was established, identifying over 20 key factors strongly associated with HLE. The average approval time for data-sharing applications was reduced from seven working days to three, enhancing both security and efficiency in data sharing.

Conclusion

The integrated monitoring platform for HLE statistics demonstrates substantial value in improving the efficiency of health data analysis, supporting policy formulation, and guiding health interventions. It provides robust data support and technological assurance for the advancement of the Healthy China initiative.

Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE)  /  Big data  /  Blockchain  /  Monitoring platform
吴士勇, 蔡玥, 王梓彤. 健康预期寿命统计数据综合监测平台系统构建及应用成效评价. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4516 -4520 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509383
Shi-yong WU, Yue CAI, Zi-tong WANG. Construction and application effect evaluation of an integrated monitoring platform for healthy life expectancy statistics[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4516 -4520 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509383
健康预期寿命(Healthy Life Expectancy, HLE)作为衡量人群健康状况的关键指标,综合考量了生命的长度与质量,为卫生系统绩效评价提供了重要依据[1]。随着全球老龄化趋势加剧以及慢性非传染性疾病(NCDs)的流行,HLE的监测与分析对于制定有效的公共卫生政策、优化医疗资源配置以及提升全民健康水平具有不可替代的作用[2-3]。目前,健康医疗数据呈现爆炸式增长,涵盖了电子病历、医学影像、公共卫生调查、死亡医学证明等多种形式。然而,这些数据分散于不同的信息系统中,存在数据标准不统一、数据质量参差不齐、数据共享困难等问题[4-5],严重制约了HLE监测的时效性与准确性。同时,传统数据分析工具在处理大规模、多维度数据时面临性能瓶颈,难以满足实时监测与深度分析的需求。在此背景下,构建一个融合多源数据、基于先进信息技术的HLE统计数据综合监测平台显得尤为迫切。本研究旨在通过整合健康医疗大数据资源,运用区块链技术保障数据共享安全,借助大数据处理与分析技术实现HLE的动态监测与智能分析,为健康中国战略的实施提供科学依据与决策支持。
健康预期寿命(HLE)监测面临数据整合、技术性能和安全保障三大挑战。数据来源广泛,包括医院信息系统、疾病预防控制信息系统、卫生健康调查数据和人口普查数据等,这些数据标准和格式各异,整合难度大[6-7]。部分数据存在缺失值、错误值和重复记录,影响数据的可信度与可用性。随着数据量的指数级增长,传统数据库系统和分析工具在数据存储、查询、计算等方面面临巨大挑战,难以满足实时监测和深度分析的需求。HLE的测算涉及多种复杂的统计模型与算法,需要强大的计算能力支持。此外,健康医疗数据包含大量敏感信息,一旦泄露,可能引发隐私损害和社会问题[8]。数据在采集、传输、存储与分析过程中可能遭受恶意篡改,导致监测结果失真。
为应对健康预期寿命(HLE)监测的挑战,本研究提出以下建设目标:首先,构建统一的数据标准体系,依据国家卫生健康委发布的相关标准规范[9-11],对HLE监测所需的数据元进行统一定义,采用国际通用的健康信息交换标准,实现不同系统之间的数据无缝对接。其次,打造高效的大数据处理架构,采用Iceberg生态系统和Spark框架,将大规模健康医疗数据分布式存储于多个节点上,通过并行计算提高数据处理效率,引入流计算技术支持HLE监测指标数据的即时分析与处理。最后,实现区块链赋能的数据共享与安全机制,基于区块链的智能合约技术,定义数据共享的规则与流程,确保数据共享符合相关法律法规与伦理要求,采用国密算法对数据进行加解密、存证与核验,满足安全存储与传输的要求,同时利用区块链的不可篡改特性,记录数据从产生到销毁的全生命周期信息,确保数据共享过程的可追溯性与可信性。
HLE统计数据综合监测平台采用分层架构设计,从底层到顶层依次为基础设施层、数据资源层、平台服务层、应用展示层与用户访问层,各层通过标准化接口交互,实现高内聚、低耦合。基础设施层部署高性能计算、存储服务器及网络设备,采用分布式架构,配置主流Linux操作系统与Docker容器化技术,搭配Apache Tomcat、RabbitMQ、Redis等中间件,满足大规模数据存储与计算需求。
数据资源层基于Iceberg数据湖格式构建高可扩展性存储仓库,支持多种数据格式高效存储与查询,通过MinIO对象存储确保数据安全与持久性,建立元数据管理系统为数据治理、检索与分析提供支撑。其中,选择Iceberg数据湖格式作为数据资源层的主要考量因素包括其卓越的性能、强大的数据管理能力以及对多种数据格式的兼容性。首先,Iceberg采用先进的存储架构,支持对半结构化和非结构化数据的高效存储与查询,能够兼容Parquet、CSV、JSON等多种数据格式,这使得平台能够灵活处理来自不同源的多样化数据。其次,Iceberg的分布式存储和元数据管理功能,为大规模数据的存储和检索提供了高性能支持,显著提升了数据处理效率。在数据管理方面,Iceberg的元数据管理系统提供了对数据表定义、字段信息和数据源描述的全面管理,为数据治理、检索与分析提供了坚实基础。综合来看,Iceberg在性能、数据管理和易用性方面的优势,使其成为构建高效、灵活且可扩展的数据资源层的理想选择。
平台服务层提供数据采集、治理、指标计算与区块链服务,开发标准化数据采集接口,支持多种采集方式,利用NLP技术进行数据治理,基于Spark实现HLE指标分布式计算,构建区块链节点网络管理数据共享流程。其中,选择Spark作为大数据处理框架的主要考量因素包括其卓越的性能、强大的生态系统以及对大规模数据处理的支持。首先,Spark采用内存计算和分布式计算架构,能够显著提高数据处理速度,相比传统的Hadoop MapReduce框架,Spark在处理大规模数据集时的性能提升尤为明显,能够满足平台对实时性和高效性的要求。其次,Spark提供了丰富的API和强大的生态系统,支持多种编程语言(如Scala、Python、Java),这使得开发人员能够快速开发和部署数据处理任务。此外,Spark的DataFrame和Dataset API提供了高级抽象,简化了数据处理的复杂性,同时保持了高性能。在安全性方面,Spark支持多种安全机制,如基于角色的访问控制和数据加密,能够有效保护数据在处理过程中的安全。虽然Spark并非国产技术,但其开源性和活跃的社区支持,使得平台能够灵活地进行定制和优化,以适应不同的业务需求。综合来看,Spark在性能、易用性和安全性方面的优势,使其成为处理大规模健康医疗数据的理想选择。应用展示层集成多种数据可视化工具,开发监测报告自动生成系统,提供直观易用的可视化界面与报告模板。用户访问层采用B/S架构开发用户界面,支持主流浏览器与移动应用,提供数据查询、消息提醒与简单分析功能。 HLE业务系统总体架构图如图1所示。
HLE平台功能设计紧密围绕用户需求与业务场景,主要涵盖数据采集、数据治理、数据分析和数据展示等几个核心功能。在数据采集方面,平台支持多种方式,包括API对接、数据库抽取和文件上传,能够与外部系统如全民健康信息平台和公共卫生数据平台进行数据同步更新。数据治理功能提供数据清洗、转换、标准化和质量评估等操作,利用自然语言处理技术对非结构化文本数据进行处理,提高数据可用性。数据分析方面,平台基于大数据计算框架实现HLE指标的分布式计算,支持用户自定义计算参数,并通过机器学习模型对HLE的未来发展趋势进行预测。数据展示功能则通过集成多种可视化工具,提供丰富的图表类型和监测报告自动生成系统,用户可以根据自己的需求进行数据查询和可视化分析。此外,平台还提供数据共享和审计管理功能,通过区块链技术确保数据共享的安全性和可追溯性。平台建设的总体流程如图2所示。
在数据采集与整合方面,平台通过多种方式实现多源数据的汇聚。首先,采用API接口对接,依据RESTful API设计规范,开发基于Spring Boot框架的后端服务,实现与医院信息系统等外部数据源的高效数据交换。其次,利用Python开发的ETL工具结合Pandas和SQLAlchemy库,从源数据库抽取数据并进行清洗转换,再通过Apache Airflow进行任务调度管理,确保数据的准确性和及时性。最后,将采集到的数据按照Iceberg数据湖的存储规范进行组织与存储,并基于患者主索引(EMPI)进行数据关联整合,形成以患者为中心的360度视图,为HLE监测提供全面的数据支持。这一过程不仅解决了数据来源分散、格式不一的问题,还有效提升了数据的完整性和可用性,为后续的大数据分析和处理奠定了坚实基础。
在区块链技术应用方面,平台选用Fisco BCOS区块链平台,部署了4个区块链节点,分别位于不同的物理服务器上,包括共识节点和观察节点。共识节点负责区块的生成与验证,而观察节点用于数据查询与共享。节点之间通过内网通信,并采用TLS加密协议保障数据传输的安全性。平台采用PBFT共识算法,确保区块的快速生成与验证,即使在部分节点出现故障或恶意行为时,网络仍能稳定运行。选择Fisco BCOS作为区块链平台,主要考量因素包括其性能、安全性、国产化需求以及对联盟链场景的适用性。从性能要求来看,Fisco BCOS采用了PBFT共识算法,能够快速生成并验证区块,确保在部分节点故障或出现恶意行为时,网络仍能稳定运行,满足平台对数据实时性和稳定性的高要求。在安全性方面,Fisco BCOS支持国密算法,如SM2、SM3、SM4,这不仅符合国内的安全标准,还为数据的加解密、存证与核验提供了强大的安全保障,有效防止数据泄露和篡改。此外,Fisco BCOS作为国产区块链平台,具有自主可控的优势,能够更好地满足国内政策和法规的要求,适应国内的信息化建设需求。
智能合约使用Solidity编程语言开发,定义了数据共享的规则与流程,包含数据申请、审批、共享、撤销等功能。智能合约部署后,通过区块链浏览器验证合约的部署状态与功能,确保合约的正常运行。数据上链操作中,对需要上链的数据计算SHA-256哈希值,确保数据的唯一性与完整性,然后调用智能合约的上链函数,将数据哈希值、数据元信息、数据共享记录等信息存储到区块链上。每次上链操作生成一个区块链交易记录,记录交易的时间戳、交易者身份、交易数据等信息,确保数据共享过程的可追溯性与可信性。通过区块链技术,平台不仅提高了数据共享的安全性和效率,还为数据的全生命周期管理提供了有力支持。
在大数据处理与分析方面,平台采用Spark框架开发HLE指标计算任务,利用其分布式计算能力高效处理大规模数据。通过定义RDD(Resilient Distributed Dataset,弹性分布式数据集)对原始数据进行分布式存储与并行计算,结合Transformation和Action操作完成数据预处理和计算任务。同时,利用Azkaban工作流调度平台对Spark任务进行调度管理,确保任务按时执行并监控其状态。在机器学习模型训练与应用方面,平台对数据进行清洗、归一化和特征选择等预处理操作,筛选出与HLE相关的关键特征。采用Scikit-learn、TensorFlow、PyTorch等框架训练预测模型,通过交叉验证和网格搜索优化模型参数,评估模型性能。训练好的模型通过Flask、FastAPI等Web框架部署为在线预测服务,集成到平台的HLE监测功能中,为用户提供HLE预测结果与健康风险评估,提升平台的智能分析与预测能力。
平台成功对接了全国范围内的多家三甲医院信息系统、多个公共卫生数据平台以及多个疾病登记系统,汇聚了包括住院病案首页、死亡医学证明、疾病登记数据、人口普查数据等在内的多源数据,实现了从个体层面到人群层面、从医疗服务领域到公共卫生领域的数据全覆盖。通过数据治理服务,对采集到的数据进行清洗、去重、补齐缺失值等操作,数据完整性从最初的平均65%大幅提升至92%以上。其中,数据完整性的统计口径涵盖了平台所接入的各类数据源,包括住院病案首页、死亡医学证明及人口普查数据等。具体来说,数据完整性是通过计算各数据表中非空字段占比的平均值来衡量的。样本范围选取了平台上线后一定时间周期内,来自全国不同地区、不同级别医疗机构及公共卫生机构的全量数据。在评估数据完整性时,本研究采用了以下方法:首先,通过API接口和ETL工具从各数据源采集数据,并进行初步清洗,去除明显错误和重复记录;其次,对每个数据表的关键字段进行统计,计算每个字段的非空记录数占总记录数的比例;将各字段的完整性比例取平均值,得到该数据表的整体完整性指标;最后,对所有数据表的完整性指标进行综合分析,计算平台整体数据的平均完整性。
在评估过程中,本研究参照了北京预防医学会发布的团体标准[12]。例如,对于死亡医学证明数据,标准要求关键字段的缺失率应控制在5%以内。以死亡医学证明数据为例,经过数据治理后,死亡原因字段的缺失率从15%降低至2%,低于行业标准,基本实现了死亡医学证明数据的完整记录,为准确计算HLE提供了保障。利用自然语言处理技术对病历文本数据进行结构化处理,将诊断描述、治疗方案等非结构化文本信息转换为标准化的医学术语与编码,数据准确性得到了显著提升。
平台基于大数据处理架构与实时数据采集技术,实现了HLE指标从月度监测向周度监测的转变,能够每周更新全国及各地区的HLE数据,及时反映健康状况变化。构建了包含5大类、30余项HLE相关指标的监测体系,涵盖疾病负担、健康风险因素、医疗卫生服务利用等多个维度。通过对大规模HLE数据及相关影响因素数据的深度分析,成功挖掘出20余个与HLE密切相关的影响因素,包括社会经济因素、健康行为因素、环境因素等。尽管利用机器学习模型预测HLE未来趋势的研究已日益深入,但如何在模型构建中更好地处理数据异质性、提升泛化能力,仍是该领域面临的核心挑战,相关模型的预测性能与优化路径仍有待进一步研究。
平台通过区块链技术优化数据共享流程,将数据共享申请审批时间从平均7个工作日缩短至3个工作日。智能合约自动执行数据共享规则,确保数据共享符合法律法规与伦理要求。平台采用AES-256加密算法对敏感数据进行加密存储,利用SSL/TLS协议保障数据传输安全,并将数据操作记录上链存证,以便快速追溯数据流向,防止数据泄露。这些措施有效提升了数据共享的安全性和效率,增强了数据拥有者的共享意愿,促进了数据共享量的大幅增长。
健康预期寿命统计数据综合监测平台是健康中国战略的重要技术支撑工具。通过整合多源健康医疗大数据,应用区块链与大数据处理技术,平台在数据整合、监测效率、分析能力和安全共享方面均取得了显著成效。其建设与应用不仅为卫生政策制定和医疗资源配置优化提供了数据支撑,也为健康医疗大数据的有效挖掘提供了范例。未来,随着人工智能、物联网、5G等新兴技术的进一步融合应用,平台有望在强化智能分析与预测功能、拓展数据来源与类型、深化跨部门数据协同等方面实现新的突破。例如,结合可穿戴设备收集的实时生理数据与平台中的历史健康数据,利用深度学习算法预测用户未来发生慢性疾病的风险,提前发送健康干预提醒;与智能血压计设备厂商合作,将用户的血压测量数据实时传输到平台,结合平台中的电子病历数据,监测高血压患者的血压控制情况对HLE的影响;与民政、环保、教育等政府部门共享数据,构建多部门联动的健康大数据监测体系,全面评估社会环境因素对HLE的综合影响,为制定跨部门健康政策提供依据。综上所述,健康预期寿命统计数据综合监测平台系统将在健康中国建设的征程中持续发挥作用,不断创新发展,为提升全民健康水平、实现健康中国2030目标贡献更多的力量。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3600800)
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2025年第52卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509383
  • 接收时间:2025-09-23
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-23
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3600800)
作者信息
    1.国家卫生健康委统计信息中心,北京 100810
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院
    3.四川大学健康城市发展研究中心/西部农村卫生发展研究中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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