Article(id=1324044572568986275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509229, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757692800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606425659, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606425659, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606425659, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606425659, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044540067328424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606417910, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670137580, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311799788602160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311799788602161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1381, endPage=1386, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044572870976164, articleId=1324044572568986275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study of the relationship between frequency of indoor ventilation and depression levels and the mediating role of anxiety and self-rated health in China's older adults, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aims to examine the relationship between indoor ventilation frequency and depression levels among older adults, and further test the mediating effects of anxiety and self-rated health in this relationship, as well as the chained mediating pathways.

Methods

Using data from the 2018 China Longitudinal Health and Longevity Study (CLHLS), older adults aged≥60 years were selected as the study subjects, resulting in a final sample of 10 306 participants. Depression levels were measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Anxiety status was assessed via the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). The relationship between indoor ventilation frequency and depression levels in older adults was examined, with further investigation into the mediating effects of anxiety and self-rated health on this relationship.

Results

Indoor ventilation frequency showed significant negative correlations with both anxiety and depression levels (r=-0.062, P<0.01; r=-0.163, P<0.01), but a significant positive correlation with self-rated health (r=0.067, P<0.01). Anxiety was negatively correlated with self-rated health (r=-0.276, P<0.01) and significantly positively correlated with depression levels (r=0.529, P<0.01); self-rated health was significantly negatively correlated with depression levels (r=-0.444, P<0.01). The direct effect of indoor ventilation frequency on depression levels in the elderly was statistically significant (effect size=-0.327, 95%CI: -0.374--0.280, Bootstrap samples=5 000); Mediation factors played a statistically significant mediating role between indoor ventilation frequency and depression levels in the elderly (effect size=-0.013, 95%CI: -0.020--0.007, Bootstrap samples=5 000).

Conclusion

Increasing indoor ventilation frequency not only directly improves depression levels among the elderly but also indirectly influences depression through anxiety and self-rated health. Enhancing ventilation frequency alleviates anxiety symptoms and improves self-rated health, thereby effectively reducing depression levels in the elderly.

, authors=Ke-ying ZHANG, Shuai-hao ZHU, Yu LEI, Jia-qing LI, You-li HU, Hong YUAN, Wei WANG, Hong-jing WANG, Shu-hui SUN, authorsList=Ke-ying ZHANG, Shuai-hao ZHU, Yu LEI, Jia-qing LI, You-li HU, Hong YUAN, Wei WANG, Hong-jing WANG, Shu-hui SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shu-hui SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044576582935221, articleId=1324044572568986275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=我国老年人室内通风频率与抑郁水平的关系及焦虑和自评健康的中介作用研究, columnId=1228016571273113811, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=环境与职业卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

本研究旨在探讨室内通风频率与老年人抑郁水平的关系,并进一步检验焦虑和自评健康在上述关系中的中介效应及链式中介路径。探讨焦虑和自评健康在室内通风频率和老年人抑郁水平之间的中介作用。

方法

使用2018年中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查(CLHLS)数据,选取年龄≥60岁的老年人作为研究对象,最终样本为10 306人。根据流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CESD-10)的10项评分来测量老年人的抑郁水平。采用7项广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD-7)评估老年人焦虑状况。探讨室内通风频率与老年人抑郁水平的关系,并进一步检验焦虑和自评健康在二者间的中介效应。运用SPSS中的Process4.1插件模型6分析焦虑和自评健康在室内通风频率和老年人抑郁水平之间的中介作用。

结果

室内通风频率与焦虑和抑郁水平均呈显著负相关(r=-0.062,P<0.01、r=-0.163,P<0.01),但与自评健康呈显著正相关(r=0.067,P<0.01);焦虑与自评健康呈负相关(r=-0.276,P<0.01),与抑郁水平呈显著正相关(r=0.529,P<0.01);自评健康与抑郁水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.444,P<0.01)。室内通风频率对老年人抑郁水平的直接效应有统计学意义(效应值=-0.327,95%CI:-0.374~-0.280,Bootstrap抽样次数=5 000);中介因素在室内通风频率和老年人抑郁水平之间发挥中介作用,有统计学意义(效应值=-0.013,95%CI:-0.020~-0.007,Bootstrap抽样次数=5 000)。

结论

室内通风频率不仅可以改善老年人的抑郁水平,还可以通过焦虑和自评健康间接影响老年人的抑郁水平,增加室内通风频率,缓解焦虑症状,改善自评健康,对降低老年人抑郁水平的有较好的效果。

, authors=张克莹, 朱帅豪, 雷雨, 李佳卿, 胡友利, 元虹, 王薇, 王洪婧, 孙淑慧, authorsList=张克莹, 朱帅豪, 雷雨, 李佳卿, 胡友利, 元虹, 王薇, 王洪婧, 孙淑慧, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙淑慧, authorNote=

张克莹(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理

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孙淑慧,E-mail:
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Descriptive statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量统计描述抑郁水平得分()tP
年龄(岁,)83.17±11.34
性别[n(%)]-10.952<0.001
男4 699(45.6)21.46±5.96
女5 607(54.4)22.77±6.16
居住地[n(%)]29.904<0.001
城市2 585(25.1)21.40±6.18
郊区3 410(33.1)22.59±6.11
乡村4 311(41.8)22.32±6.01
婚姻状况[n(%)]-2.094<0.001
在婚4 662(45.2)21.36±5.93
不在婚5 644(54.8)22.26±6.02
受教育时间(年,)3.71±4.43
室内通风频率得分()6.04±1.98
焦虑得分()1.43±2.75
自评健康得分()3.46±0.89
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描述性统计量

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变量统计描述抑郁水平得分()tP
年龄(岁,)83.17±11.34
性别[n(%)]-10.952<0.001
男4 699(45.6)21.46±5.96
女5 607(54.4)22.77±6.16
居住地[n(%)]29.904<0.001
城市2 585(25.1)21.40±6.18
郊区3 410(33.1)22.59±6.11
乡村4 311(41.8)22.32±6.01
婚姻状况[n(%)]-2.094<0.001
在婚4 662(45.2)21.36±5.93
不在婚5 644(54.8)22.26±6.02
受教育时间(年,)3.71±4.43
室内通风频率得分()6.04±1.98
焦虑得分()1.43±2.75
自评健康得分()3.46±0.89
), ArticleFig(id=1324044585827181301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044572568986275, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis results between ventilation frequency, depression levels, anxiety, and self-rated health (r)

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变量室内通风频率焦虑自评健康抑郁水平
室内通风频率1.000
焦虑-0.062b1.000
自评健康0.067b-0.276b1.000
抑郁水平-0.163b0.529b-0.444b1.000
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通风频率、抑郁水平、焦虑和自评健康相关分析结果(r)

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变量室内通风频率焦虑自评健康抑郁水平
室内通风频率1.000
焦虑-0.062b1.000
自评健康0.067b-0.276b1.000
抑郁水平-0.163b0.529b-0.444b1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1324044586280166135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044572568986275, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mediator effect test

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路径效应值(95%CI) 百分比(%)
总效应-0.458(-0.517~-0.399)0.030100.0
直接效应-0.327(-0.374~-0.280)0.02371.6
总间接效应-0.130(-0.017~-0.089)0.02028.4
路径1-0.069(-0.098~-0.038)0.01515.2
路径2-0.047(-0.066~-0.028)0.00910.3
路径3-0.013(-0.020~-0.007)0.0032.9
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中介效应检验

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路径效应值(95%CI) 百分比(%)
总效应-0.458(-0.517~-0.399)0.030100.0
直接效应-0.327(-0.374~-0.280)0.02371.6
总间接效应-0.130(-0.017~-0.089)0.02028.4
路径1-0.069(-0.098~-0.038)0.01515.2
路径2-0.047(-0.066~-0.028)0.00910.3
路径3-0.013(-0.020~-0.007)0.0032.9
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我国老年人室内通风频率与抑郁水平的关系及焦虑和自评健康的中介作用研究
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张克莹 , 朱帅豪 , 雷雨 , 李佳卿 , 胡友利 , 元虹 , 王薇 , 王洪婧 , 孙淑慧
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2026,53(8): 1381-1386
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现代预防医学 |环境与职业卫生 2026 , 53 (8) : 1381 -1386
我国老年人室内通风频率与抑郁水平的关系及焦虑和自评健康的中介作用研究
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张克莹, 朱帅豪, 雷雨, 李佳卿, 胡友利, 元虹, 王薇, 王洪婧, 孙淑慧
作者信息
  • 山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
通讯作者:
孙淑慧,E-mail:
作者简介:

张克莹(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理

A study of the relationship between frequency of indoor ventilation and depression levels and the mediating role of anxiety and self-rated health in China's older adults
Ke-ying ZHANG, Shuai-hao ZHU, Yu LEI, Jia-qing LI, You-li HU, Hong YUAN, Wei WANG, Hong-jing WANG, Shu-hui SUN
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509229
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目的

本研究旨在探讨室内通风频率与老年人抑郁水平的关系,并进一步检验焦虑和自评健康在上述关系中的中介效应及链式中介路径。探讨焦虑和自评健康在室内通风频率和老年人抑郁水平之间的中介作用。

方法

使用2018年中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查(CLHLS)数据,选取年龄≥60岁的老年人作为研究对象,最终样本为10 306人。根据流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CESD-10)的10项评分来测量老年人的抑郁水平。采用7项广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD-7)评估老年人焦虑状况。探讨室内通风频率与老年人抑郁水平的关系,并进一步检验焦虑和自评健康在二者间的中介效应。运用SPSS中的Process4.1插件模型6分析焦虑和自评健康在室内通风频率和老年人抑郁水平之间的中介作用。

结果

室内通风频率与焦虑和抑郁水平均呈显著负相关(r=-0.062,P<0.01、r=-0.163,P<0.01),但与自评健康呈显著正相关(r=0.067,P<0.01);焦虑与自评健康呈负相关(r=-0.276,P<0.01),与抑郁水平呈显著正相关(r=0.529,P<0.01);自评健康与抑郁水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.444,P<0.01)。室内通风频率对老年人抑郁水平的直接效应有统计学意义(效应值=-0.327,95%CI:-0.374~-0.280,Bootstrap抽样次数=5 000);中介因素在室内通风频率和老年人抑郁水平之间发挥中介作用,有统计学意义(效应值=-0.013,95%CI:-0.020~-0.007,Bootstrap抽样次数=5 000)。

结论

室内通风频率不仅可以改善老年人的抑郁水平,还可以通过焦虑和自评健康间接影响老年人的抑郁水平,增加室内通风频率,缓解焦虑症状,改善自评健康,对降低老年人抑郁水平的有较好的效果。

老年人  /  室内通风频率  /  焦虑  /  自评健康  /  抑郁水平
Objective

This study aims to examine the relationship between indoor ventilation frequency and depression levels among older adults, and further test the mediating effects of anxiety and self-rated health in this relationship, as well as the chained mediating pathways.

Methods

Using data from the 2018 China Longitudinal Health and Longevity Study (CLHLS), older adults aged≥60 years were selected as the study subjects, resulting in a final sample of 10 306 participants. Depression levels were measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Anxiety status was assessed via the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). The relationship between indoor ventilation frequency and depression levels in older adults was examined, with further investigation into the mediating effects of anxiety and self-rated health on this relationship.

Results

Indoor ventilation frequency showed significant negative correlations with both anxiety and depression levels (r=-0.062, P<0.01; r=-0.163, P<0.01), but a significant positive correlation with self-rated health (r=0.067, P<0.01). Anxiety was negatively correlated with self-rated health (r=-0.276, P<0.01) and significantly positively correlated with depression levels (r=0.529, P<0.01); self-rated health was significantly negatively correlated with depression levels (r=-0.444, P<0.01). The direct effect of indoor ventilation frequency on depression levels in the elderly was statistically significant (effect size=-0.327, 95%CI: -0.374--0.280, Bootstrap samples=5 000); Mediation factors played a statistically significant mediating role between indoor ventilation frequency and depression levels in the elderly (effect size=-0.013, 95%CI: -0.020--0.007, Bootstrap samples=5 000).

Conclusion

Increasing indoor ventilation frequency not only directly improves depression levels among the elderly but also indirectly influences depression through anxiety and self-rated health. Enhancing ventilation frequency alleviates anxiety symptoms and improves self-rated health, thereby effectively reducing depression levels in the elderly.

Older adults  /  Indoor ventilation frequency  /  Anxiety  /  Self-rated health  /  Depression levels
张克莹, 朱帅豪, 雷雨, 李佳卿, 胡友利, 元虹, 王薇, 王洪婧, 孙淑慧. 我国老年人室内通风频率与抑郁水平的关系及焦虑和自评健康的中介作用研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1381 -1386 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509229
Ke-ying ZHANG, Shuai-hao ZHU, Yu LEI, Jia-qing LI, You-li HU, Hong YUAN, Wei WANG, Hong-jing WANG, Shu-hui SUN. A study of the relationship between frequency of indoor ventilation and depression levels and the mediating role of anxiety and self-rated health in China's older adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1381 -1386 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509229
近年来,随着医疗技术的发展,人们的寿命不断延长,我国的老龄化现象也越来越严重。据估计,到2057年,老年人口数量将达到峰值,达到4.25亿,占全国人口的32.9%~37.6%[1]。随着中国人口的持续老龄化,越来越多的中国老年人面临健康风险(如孤独、焦虑和抑郁)[2]。抑郁症作为老年人最常见的精神健康障碍之一,严重影响老年人的健康状况和生活质量[3],其全球患病率已达到7.0%。抑郁症的疾病负担不仅影响数百万人的生活质量,其所需的长期医疗与照护服务,也给社会带来了沉重的经济与资源压力。通过长期的医疗保健服务给老年人带来沉重的社会负担[4]。越来越多的研究发现,空气质量与老年人的抑郁密切相关。高频率室内通风是改善室内空气质量的关键方法,通过自然引入新鲜空气(例如通过开窗)或机械方式(例如使用空调)进入室内空间,有效减少污染物浓度,从而减轻其对健康的不利影响[5]。长期暴露于空气污染物中可能会增加抑郁症状的发生率或加重抑郁症状,增加老年人心理健康负担[5]。越来越多的数据表明,空气污染会增加精神病理学内化的风险,包括焦虑症和抑郁症[6-7]。一项针对养老院的欧洲研究发现,增强室内通风有效减轻室内空气质量对老年人健康的不良影响,并显著改善了整体生活质量。焦虑在老年人中很常见,并且通常持续终生,老年人终生焦虑患病率约为15%[8]。室内空气质量与老年人焦虑之间的关系也得到了证实,老年人较高的室内通风频率可能有助于缓解焦虑症状[9]。焦虑和抑郁常同时发生,且症状在个体中经常重叠,且有这两种合并症的患者通常症状的严重程度和持续时间较高[10]。焦虑与自评健康之间存在显著相关[11]。高频窗户通风是改善自评健康的重要手段,室内空气净化对自评健康有显著的正向影响[12]。一项研究发现,较差的自评健康状况是老年人抑郁的一个危险因素[13]。生活满意度较高的个体往往表现出更积极的情绪状态和更好的心理适应能力[14]。持续偏低的生活满意度,即个体对自我、当前生活和未来做出负面评价,这构成了抑郁的认知基础[15]。
从上面讨论的内容中,我们可以看到室内通风频率、焦虑、自评健康、抑郁水平之间可能存在某种关系。本研究旨在探讨焦虑和自评健康对中国老年人室内通风频率和抑郁水平的多重中介效应。我们做出了以下假设。首先,中国老年人室内通风频率与抑郁水平之间存在关系。其次,焦虑和自评健康将分别介导室内通风频率与抑郁水平之间的关联。最后,焦虑和自评健康会在室内通风频率和抑郁水平之间产生一系列中介作用。
研究人群和数据来源均来自北京大学健康老龄与发展研究中心调查的2018年中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查(CLHLS)。CLHLS是一项针对中国老年人全面的全国性研究,CLHLS采用多阶段不成比例和有针对的随机抽样方法。该调查涵盖23个省、市和自治区,覆盖了中国约85%的人口。CLHLS已获得北京大学和杜克大学伦理委员会的批准,并按照批准的指导原则进行。根据研究目的,研究对象纳入标准:(1)年龄≥60岁;(2)核心变量值未有缺失值。最终纳入10 306名研究对象。
室内通风频率是通过春季、夏季、秋季和冬季自我报告的每周窗户开启来测量的。参与者被问到:“在过去的12个月里,在春季、夏季、秋季或冬季,您家每周打开窗户的通风情况如何?”应对方案为:不开窗、每周1~3次、每周3~5次、每周>5次,将“不开窗通风”赋值为0分;将“每周1~3次、每周3~5次”赋值为1分;将“每周>5次”赋值为2分[16]。
参考先前文献[17],运用CLHLS中的抑郁量表CESD-10来评估老年人的抑郁状况。量表中有三个代表积极情绪的问题,分值为0~5分。有七个代表消极情绪的问题,对其进行反向赋分,总分范围为0~50分。得分越高表示老年人抑郁水平越高。利用SPSS 25.0软件进行信度分析,得出Cronbach α信度系数为0.806,说明本研究的信度是合理的。
(1)焦虑:广泛性焦虑症(GAD-7)用于评估老年人的焦虑[18]。GAD-7由7个项目组成,采用4点李克特量表(0=从不,1=有几天,2=一半以上时间,3=几乎每天),分数范围为0到21分。分数越高,表示老年人越焦虑。利用SPSS 25.0软件进行信度分析,得出Cronbach α信度系数为0.920,说明本研究的信度良好,设计较为合理。
(2)自评健康:自评健康是通过询问老年人“您觉得现在您自己的健康状况怎么样?”来衡量的[19],对其进行反向赋分,答案分为五个级别(非常差=1,差=2,一般=3,好=4,非常好=5)。总分范围为1至5分,分数越高表示自评健康越高。
本文选取了五种可能影响老年人抑郁的因素作为控制变量,包括连续变量年龄和受教育时间,分类变量性别、居住地和婚姻[20]。
采用SPSS 25.0对数据进行分析。对人口统计学特征和关键变量进行统计描述。采用均值±标准差和频率对变量进行描述。使用t检验和AVOVA检验对不同组别之间的抑郁水平差异进行比较。使用Pearson相关性分析,衡量室内通风频率、焦虑、自评健康和老年人抑郁水平之间的双变量相关性。并采用Hayes PROCESS宏(SPSS软件4.1版,型号6)构建链式中介模型。通过5 000次自助法抽样生成校正抽样偏差的95%置信区间,并采用标准化系数估算效应量。
本研究共纳入10 306例老年人,平均年龄为(83.17±11.34)岁,室内通风频率得分为6.04±1.98;焦虑得分为1.43±2.75。分析结果显示老年人抑郁水平在不同年龄、性别、居住地、婚姻状况和受教育程度方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(见表1)
分析结果显示,室内通风频率和自评健康存在正相关的关系(r=0.067,P<0.01);室内通风频率和焦虑、抑郁水平均存在负相关的关系(r=-0.062,P<0.01、r=-0.163,P<0.01);焦虑和抑郁水平存在正相关的关系(r=0.529,P<0.01);自评健康和抑郁水平存在负相关的关系(r=-0.444,P<0.01);焦虑和自评健康存在负相关的关系(r=-0.276,P<0.01)。(见表2)
本研究在严格控制年龄、性别、婚姻状况等多个影响因素的基础上,通过描述性分析和相关性分析,将室内通风频率作为自变量,抑郁水平作为因变量,焦虑和自评健康作为中介变量构建链式中介模型。
结果显示,义齿使用负向预测焦虑和抑郁水平,正向预测自评健康;焦虑负向预测自评健康,正向预测抑郁水平。(见图1)
根据链式中介路径分析结果显示,室内通风频率对老年人抑郁水平的总效应有统计学意义;室内通风频率对老年人抑郁水平的直接效应有统计学意义;室内通风频率对老年人抑郁水平的总间接效应有统计学意义;焦虑在室内通风频率和老年人抑郁水平的中介效应有统计学意义。(见表3)
研究结果表明,室内通风频率能够直接影响老年人的抑郁水平,室内通风频率越高,老年人抑郁水平就越低,这与罗欣欣学者研究一致[21]。研究表明室内PM的浓度会因烹饪等活动上升1.5~5倍,而PM与抑郁症状、焦虑症状的密切关联已经在过往的研究中细致讨论[22]。高频的室内开窗通风与抑郁症状降低密切相关可能归因于室内开窗通风带来的空气流通与新风量能够减轻室内因烹饪相关活动带来的室内空气污染[23]。已有研究表明,室内通风的频率以及烹饪所使用的燃料类型,有可能通过影响人们在室内接触污染物的程度,进而对抑郁症状的发生概率造成影响[24-26]。良好的室内通风可以帮助减少有害气体和空气污染物的积聚,提高室内空气的新鲜度,有助于人们的健康和舒[22]。因此,家属应鼓励老年人在通风的同时,进行简单的伸展运动或深呼吸,主动吸入新鲜空气,可有效预防老年人发生抑郁的可能性。
研究结果表明,室内通风频率可以通过焦虑影响老年人的抑郁水平。一项队列研究结果显示,厨房的通风情况可能会削弱固体燃料的使用、长时间烹饪与抑郁及焦虑症状患病率之间存在的正相关关[27]。空气污染暴露可能通过嗅觉受体神经元、三叉神经或体循环的炎症和氧化应激途径影响中枢神经系统。PM2.5等颗粒物可能会诱导促炎介质的释放,增强活性氧的产生,损害血脑屏障,并引起下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴激活[28]。NO2作为一种以氮为中心的自由基,负责启动信号级联反应,这也会引起氧化应激并可能导致抑郁和焦虑的发作[29]。焦虑长期不缓解,会因持续的心理压力消耗心理资源,逐渐引发抑郁。因此,社区可进行宣教,让老年人在通风时,到窗边坐一会儿,晒晒太阳,同时完成日光浴,调节炎症水平和神经递质。不仅可以改善室内空气质量,还会有效缓解老年人的心理健康状况。
自评健康能间接反映客观健康状况,且与个体的就医行为、生活质量、幸福感乃至长期健康结局密切相关。室内空气污染的特点是于长期低剂量暴露,是影响个体健康的关键因素之一。空气污染会影响老年人的血压、睡眠质量等身体健康指标,对自评健康产生显著影响[30]。高频率的窗户通风是室内空气质量的保证。研究结果表明,自评健康在室内通风频率和老年人抑郁水平之间发挥独立中介作用,这与陆林学者研究一致[31]。自评健康度较高的老年人,倾向于拥有更频繁的室内通风行为,抑郁水平也就越低,反之则越高。更频繁地打开窗户通风的老年人具有更高的自我评价健康状况,从而保护他们免受抑郁的影响。研究显示,自我评估水平可能对老年人群的心理健康产生重要影响[32]。自我评估水平较低的老年人负面心理情绪更严重。因此,通过健康教育和慢性病管理,帮助中老年人树立积极的健康观,同时提高他们的自评健康状况,对于预防和缓解抑郁症状、提高生活质量、促进整体身心健康至关重要。
除了考察焦虑与自评健康的独立中介效应外,我们还考察了室内通风频率与抑郁水平之间是否存在链式中介效应。研究结果表明,室内通风频率首先与焦虑呈负相关,然后增加自评健康,进而与降低抑郁水平下降有关。研究表明,增加室内通风频率有助于缓解老年人的焦虑[27]。开窗通风有助于降低室内污染物的浓度,净化室内空气,从而减少污染物对老年人焦虑的影响。此外,焦虑症状的减轻也有助于提高老年人的自评健康水平[33],焦虑减轻能帮老年人调整心理认知,缓解对疾病的过度恐惧,减少对自身健康的负面评价。自评健康与老年人的抑郁水平呈负相关,自评健康度较高的老年人往往抑郁水平越低[34-35]。基于神经影像学的流行病学研究表明,长期暴露于空气污染可能与大脑结构和白质、皮质灰质和基底神经节功能的变化有关,这可能会加剧精神障碍的进展[36]。空气污染对人类健康状况的间接影响,包括居住不满意、自我感知健康和生活质量差、虚弱[37],它们可能会增加心理负担,从而引发抑郁和焦虑,尤其是对于老年人。老年人持有积极地自评健康,会降低健康相关焦虑,并主动参与社交,减少孤独感,降低抑郁和焦虑发生的可能性。开窗通风可以增加老年人的身体活动强度,降低老年人发生抑郁的可能性,改善老年人的整体健康[38]。因此,由社区网格员、志愿者或养老机构工作人员进行宣传和提醒,通风时与邻居聊天,增加微社交,为缓解老年人抑郁情绪创造一个积极、健康的物理环境[39]。
综上,为改善老年人的心理健康状况,应重视老年人开窗通风,相关政府可以采取多项措施来改善居民的室内通风频率,如通过健康教育告知居民室内通风频率的重要性,并定期进行检查和监督,落实室内通风频率的保障,以减少老年人的焦虑,提高其自评健康水平,实现抑郁的预防和早期干预,促进我国老年人健康老龄化。但是,本研究还有一定的局限性,未完全验证自评健康对焦虑的反向调节作用,仅验证了“焦虑→自评健康”的单向路径,虽通过路径竞争分析证实反向路径无统计学意义,但无法完全排除自评健康对焦虑的长期、间接调节作用。并且本研究为横断面研究,仅能验证变量间的关联性而非因果性。后续会对本研究进行深入研究。
  • 司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目(20SFB4064)
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2026年第53卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509229
  • 接收时间:2025-09-13
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-13
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司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目(20SFB4064)
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    山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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