Article(id=1311350639888785904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509206, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757606400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790579956266, onlineDateStr=2026-09-28, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790579956266, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790579956266, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790579956266, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1311350363295417204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='16', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3072', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790579890321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790584112451, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1311368072267653664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1311350363295417204, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2922, endPage=2928, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1311350640127861233, articleId=1311350639888785904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Construction and validation of an integrated measurement model of occupational stress from the perspective of cross-cultural adaptation, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To develop an Integrated Measurement Model (IMM) for occupational stress by utilizing the cross-culturally adapted Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ-22adj) to measure occupational stress and its related factors, manifestations, and effects.

Methods

A cluster sampling method was employed to select 807 workers undergoing occupational health examinations as the study subjects. Data on demographic characteristics, occupational stress, insomnia, self-reported symptoms, and related factors and effects were collected using a basic information questionnaire, the JCQ-22adj, the brief Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS-5), and the Symptom Checklist-90. Factor analysis and principal component analysis were applied to integrate physical examination indicators for constructing the IMM and calculating the Stress-related Health Risk Index (SHRI) to assess the risk of stress-related health outcomes.

Results

The constructed IMM comprised three core dimensions: occupational stress, insomnia, and self-reported symptoms, with economic security and work environment as external factors. The subjective and objective health outcomes were represented by perceived workplace comfort and changes in physical examination indicators, respectively. The SHRI calculation formula was derived from the model, yielding a mean score of 19.06. SHRI demonstrated a significant negative correlation with subjective workplace comfort (r=-0.25, P< 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting stress-related diseases was 0.67 (P<0.001), indicating a moderate level of predictive validity and confirming its effectiveness in reflecting the comprehensive health risk associated with occupational stress.

Conclusion

IMM and the SHRI provide a holistic approach to assessing the impact of occupational stress and its composite state on health. They offer valuable insights for formulating targeted intervention strategies for occupational stress and for the assessment and prevention of comprehensive stress-related health risks.

, authors=Li-ming QUAN1, Yang ZHANG2, Jing-xuan MA1, Ling-yu WU3, Ting CHEN4, Ya-jia LAN1, authorsList=Li-ming QUAN, Yang ZHANG, Jing-xuan MA, Ling-yu WU, Ting CHEN, Ya-jia LAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ya-jia LAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1311350640979304952, articleId=1311350639888785904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=跨文化调适视角下的职业紧张整合测量模型的构建与验证, columnId=1228016571273113811, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=环境与职业卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于跨文化调适的工作内容问卷(JCQ-22adj),整合测量职业紧张及其相关因素、表现与效应,构建职业紧张整合测量模型(Integrated Measurement Model, IMM)。

方法

采用整群抽样法,选取807名参加职业健康体检的劳动者为调查对象。通过基本情况问卷、JCQ-22adj、简明雅典失眠量表(AIS-5)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)收集相关数据。采用因子分析与主成分分析整合体检指标,构建IMM模型并计算紧张相关健康风险指数(Stress-related Health Risk Index, SHRI)。

结果

IMM包含职业紧张、失眠和自觉症状三大核心维度,基于模型推导出SHRI均值为19.06。SHRI与主观工作环境舒适感呈负相关(r =-0.25, P<0.001),预测紧张相关疾病的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.67(P<0.001),处于中等预测效度水平,表明SHRI在一定程度上能够反映职业紧张相关的综合健康风险。

结论

IMM和SHRI可从整体上评估职业紧张及其综合状态对健康的影响,对于制定针对性的职业紧张干预策略与开展健康风险预防具有重要参考价值。

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全立明(1981—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:职业紧张、职业流行病学、卫生管理

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兰亚佳,E-Mail:
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Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 2017, 35(2): 115-118.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the health effect of the occupational stress in aircrew, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350652429754976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=1, pageStart=92, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=32, authorNames=王岩, 程欣, 于晓雪, journalName=实用预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王岩,程欣,于晓雪,等.医护人员职业紧张现状与身心健康的关系研究[J].实用预防医学,2023,30(1):92-94., articleTitle=医护人员职业紧张现状与身心健康的关系研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1311350652526223969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=1, pageStart=92, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Wang Y, Cheng X, Yu X, journalName=Pract Prev Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Cheng X, Yu X, et al. Occupational stress status and its association with physical and mental health in healthcare personnel[J]. Pract Prev Med, 2023, 30(1): 92-94.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Occupational stress status and its association with physical and mental health in healthcare personnel, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1311350648449360445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, awardId=17PJ451, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题(17PJ451), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311350648570995262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, awardId=17ZB0247, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省教育厅课题(17ZB0247), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1311350648642298431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, awardId=2015SCU11009, language=CN, fundingSource=四川大学青年教师科研启动基金(2015SCU11009), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1311350641277100538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350641499398651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, companyId=1311350641277100538, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Labor Health and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, The Fourth Hospital of West China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350641532953084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, companyId=1311350641277100538, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院)劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350642778661373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350642795438590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, companyId=1311350642778661373, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西医院华西期刊社)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350642862547455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350642870936064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, companyId=1311350642862547455, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.深圳华大基因科技服务有限公司)]), AuthorCompany(id=1311350642954822145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1311350642963210754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, companyId=1311350642954822145, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.四川国际旅行卫生保健中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1311350645194580521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Integrated measurement model (IMM) of occupational stress, figureFileSmall=itFojHoZtAEtio7IFBfVRQ==, figureFileBig=No0DLUMmXL2eHHIzAyp2ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350645261689386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=CN, label=图1, caption=职业紧张整合测量模型(IMM), figureFileSmall=itFojHoZtAEtio7IFBfVRQ==, figureFileBig=No0DLUMmXL2eHHIzAyp2ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350645463015979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis plot of comprehensive indices of the four schemes and disease occurrence, figureFileSmall=OVYb/Wy+yZPocb8VBC4KFg==, figureFileBig=K28Je/CWNzwW6IwI/Op4Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350645538513452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=CN, label=图2, caption=四种方案综合指数与疾病发生的ROC分析图, figureFileSmall=OVYb/Wy+yZPocb8VBC4KFg==, figureFileBig=K28Je/CWNzwW6IwI/Op4Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1311350645609816621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Construction scheme of the comprehensive index for the integrated measurement model of occupational stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算方法变量是否纳入计算方案特点
经济保障工作环境职业紧张失眠自觉症状客观指标
(体检指标)
方案1评分评分评分评分评分敏感指标测量值①将外部因素量化代入;②代入敏感指标数值,减少信息损耗
方案2评分评分评分评分评分异常指标总数①将外部因素量化代入;②代入异常指标数,反映整体健康状况
方案3分层因素分层因素评分评分评分敏感指标测量值①外部因素不易量化,且差异较大,作为分层因素;②代入敏感指标数值,减少信息损耗
方案4分层因素分层因素评分评分评分异常指标总数①外部因素不易量化,且差异较大,作为分层因素;②代入异常指标数,反映整体健康状况
), ArticleFig(id=1311350647233012270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

职业紧张整合测量模型综合指数的构建方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算方法变量是否纳入计算方案特点
经济保障工作环境职业紧张失眠自觉症状客观指标
(体检指标)
方案1评分评分评分评分评分敏感指标测量值①将外部因素量化代入;②代入敏感指标数值,减少信息损耗
方案2评分评分评分评分评分异常指标总数①将外部因素量化代入;②代入异常指标数,反映整体健康状况
方案3分层因素分层因素评分评分评分敏感指标测量值①外部因素不易量化,且差异较大,作为分层因素;②代入敏感指标数值,减少信息损耗
方案4分层因素分层因素评分评分评分异常指标总数①外部因素不易量化,且差异较大,作为分层因素;②代入异常指标数,反映整体健康状况
), ArticleFig(id=1311350647295926831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Scores of occupational stress, insomnia, subjective symptomsand related factors (n=807)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
紧张综合状态评分相关因素1
职业紧张1.37±0.69最高学历(0.049)、婚姻状况(0.013)、户口类型(0.050)、本地户口(0.035)、紧张相关疾病(0.017)、住房公积金(0.007)、工作环境舒适感(<0.001)、工种2(<0.001)
失眠3.03±2.82年龄(0.037)、紧张相关疾病(<0.001)、工作环境舒适感(<0.001)、辐射暴露(0.031)
自觉症状59.19±18.41性别(0.009)、最高学历(0.002)、紧张相关疾病(<0.001)、工作环境舒适感(<0.001)、工种(0.003)、危害因素联合暴露3(0.006)、辐射暴露(0.008)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350647384007216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

职业紧张、失眠、自觉症状得分及相关因素情况(n=807)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
紧张综合状态评分相关因素1
职业紧张1.37±0.69最高学历(0.049)、婚姻状况(0.013)、户口类型(0.050)、本地户口(0.035)、紧张相关疾病(0.017)、住房公积金(0.007)、工作环境舒适感(<0.001)、工种2(<0.001)
失眠3.03±2.82年龄(0.037)、紧张相关疾病(<0.001)、工作环境舒适感(<0.001)、辐射暴露(0.031)
自觉症状59.19±18.41性别(0.009)、最高学历(0.002)、紧张相关疾病(<0.001)、工作环境舒适感(<0.001)、工种(0.003)、危害因素联合暴露3(0.006)、辐射暴露(0.008)
), ArticleFig(id=1311350647463698993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Intergroup differences in occupational stress, insomnia, subjective symptoms and workplace comfort

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工作环境舒适感职业紧张失眠自觉症状整合测量(均向量)
1.非常不舒适1.79±1.194.12±3.4373.73±29.60
2.不舒适1.50±1.074.29±3.6265.67±23.99
3.一般1.37±0.603.04±2.6559.06±17.24
4.舒适1.23±0.442.29±2.3454.36±12.90
5.非常舒适1.00±0.381.31±1.9949.75±7.31
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350647576945202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

职业紧张、失眠、自觉症状测量对工作环境舒适感的组间差异比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工作环境舒适感职业紧张失眠自觉症状整合测量(均向量)
1.非常不舒适1.79±1.194.12±3.4373.73±29.60
2.不舒适1.50±1.074.29±3.6265.67±23.99
3.一般1.37±0.603.04±2.6559.06±17.24
4.舒适1.23±0.442.29±2.3454.36±12.90
5.非常舒适1.00±0.381.31±1.9949.75±7.31
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350647681802803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Intergroup differences in occupational stress, insomnia, subjective symptoms and stress-related diseases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
紧张相关疾病职业紧张失眠自觉症状整合测量(均向量)
1.无1.35±0.612.84±2.5958.28±17.41
2.有1.56±1.275.10±4.0769.07±25.13
P0.017<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350647744717364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

职业紧张、失眠、自觉症状测量对紧张相关疾病的组间差异比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
紧张相关疾病职业紧张失眠自觉症状整合测量(均向量)
1.无1.35±0.612.84±2.5958.28±17.41
2.有1.56±1.275.10±4.0769.07±25.13
P0.017<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1311350647799243317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Correlation coefficient matrix of physical examination indicators, occupational stress, insomnia and subjective symptoms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体检指标职业紧张失眠自觉症状
糖化血清蛋白0.425a
高密度脂蛋白0.215b0.128a
载脂蛋白B0.387a
白蛋白-0.085a
白球比-0.083a
尿酸-0.092a
红细胞宽度SD值0.079a
), ArticleFig(id=1311350647866352182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

体检指标与职业紧张、失眠和自觉症状的相关系数矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体检指标职业紧张失眠自觉症状
糖化血清蛋白0.425a
高密度脂蛋白0.215b0.128a
载脂蛋白B0.387a
白蛋白-0.085a
白球比-0.083a
尿酸-0.092a
红细胞宽度SD值0.079a
), ArticleFig(id=1311350647946043959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Basic characteristics of data on integrated measurement indicators of occupational stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标二级指标指标代码样本数测量值最大值最小值指标释义
经济保障养老保险数量X18071.16±0.530.003.00反映社会保障情况,以覆盖数量表示
医疗保险数量X28071.15±0.460.003.00反映社会保障情况,以覆盖数量表示
月收入X38072.28±1.201.005.00反映经济收入情况,以收入评分表示
住房公积金X48072.77±1.451.006.00反映经济收入情况,以公积金评分表示
工作环境危害因素暴露数X58070.83±1.000.004.00反映危险因素暴露程度,以个数表示
职业紧张紧张得分X68071.37±0.690.179.60反映职业紧张状态
失眠失眠得分X78073.03±2.820.0015.00反映失眠状态
自觉症状自觉症状得分X880759.19±18.4145.00182.00反映主观感觉症状状态
体检指标的敏感指标测量值高密度脂蛋白X93961.37±0.370.214.41反映职业紧张整合状态对血脂的影响
白蛋白X1076048.25±2.7235.8074.20反映职业紧张整合状态对肝功的影响
白球比X117561.85±0.271.104.55反映职业紧张整合状态对肝功的影响
尿酸X12492364.18±90.39141.00763.00反映职业紧张整合状态对肾功的影响
体检指标的异常指标总数体检异常指标数X138072.09±2.1280.0013.00反映整体健康状况,以不在正常范围指标个数表示
), ArticleFig(id=1311350648042512952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

职业紧张整合测量指标数据基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标二级指标指标代码样本数测量值最大值最小值指标释义
经济保障养老保险数量X18071.16±0.530.003.00反映社会保障情况,以覆盖数量表示
医疗保险数量X28071.15±0.460.003.00反映社会保障情况,以覆盖数量表示
月收入X38072.28±1.201.005.00反映经济收入情况,以收入评分表示
住房公积金X48072.77±1.451.006.00反映经济收入情况,以公积金评分表示
工作环境危害因素暴露数X58070.83±1.000.004.00反映危险因素暴露程度,以个数表示
职业紧张紧张得分X68071.37±0.690.179.60反映职业紧张状态
失眠失眠得分X78073.03±2.820.0015.00反映失眠状态
自觉症状自觉症状得分X880759.19±18.4145.00182.00反映主观感觉症状状态
体检指标的敏感指标测量值高密度脂蛋白X93961.37±0.370.214.41反映职业紧张整合状态对血脂的影响
白蛋白X1076048.25±2.7235.8074.20反映职业紧张整合状态对肝功的影响
白球比X117561.85±0.271.104.55反映职业紧张整合状态对肝功的影响
尿酸X12492364.18±90.39141.00763.00反映职业紧张整合状态对肾功的影响
体检指标的异常指标总数体检异常指标数X138072.09±2.1280.0013.00反映整体健康状况,以不在正常范围指标个数表示
), ArticleFig(id=1311350648130593337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of index calculation formulas for the four schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案纳入指标主成分元素指数计算公式
1X1~X12C1(X3、X4、X5);C2(X6、X7、X8);C3(X10、X11);C4(X1、X2);C5(X9、X12)C=0.25×C1+0.21×C2+0.19×C3+0.18×C4+0.17×C5
2X1~X8,X13C1(X3、X4、X5);C2(X6、X7、X8);C3(X1、X2);C4(X13)C=0.29×C1+0.28×C2+0.25×C3+0.18×C4
3X6~X12C1(X6、X7、X8);C2(X10、X11);C3(X9、X12)C=0.37×C1+0.34×C2+0.29×C3
4X6~X8,X13C1(X6、X7、X8);C2(X13)C=0.62×C1+0.38×C2
), ArticleFig(id=1311350648197702202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

四种方案指数计算公式比较

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方案纳入指标主成分元素指数计算公式
1X1~X12C1(X3、X4、X5);C2(X6、X7、X8);C3(X10、X11);C4(X1、X2);C5(X9、X12)C=0.25×C1+0.21×C2+0.19×C3+0.18×C4+0.17×C5
2X1~X8,X13C1(X3、X4、X5);C2(X6、X7、X8);C3(X1、X2);C4(X13)C=0.29×C1+0.28×C2+0.25×C3+0.18×C4
3X6~X12C1(X6、X7、X8);C2(X10、X11);C3(X9、X12)C=0.37×C1+0.34×C2+0.29×C3
4X6~X8,X13C1(X6、X7、X8);C2(X13)C=0.62×C1+0.38×C2
), ArticleFig(id=1311350648264811067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison of comprehensive indices of the four schemes

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方案样本数均值标准差最大值最小值
138120.453.450.26
280720.514.870.64
338120.586.670.82
480720.737.860.62
), ArticleFig(id=1311350648331919932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1311350639888785904, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

四种方案综合指数比较

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方案样本数均值标准差最大值最小值
138120.453.450.26
280720.514.870.64
338120.586.670.82
480720.737.860.62
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跨文化调适视角下的职业紧张整合测量模型的构建与验证
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全立明 1 , 张洋 2 , 马景璇 1 , 吴玲玉 3 , 陈婷 4 , 兰亚佳 1
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2026,53(16): 2922-2928
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现代预防医学 |环境与职业卫生 2026 , 53 (16) : 2922 -2928
跨文化调适视角下的职业紧张整合测量模型的构建与验证
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全立明1, 张洋2, 马景璇1, 吴玲玉3, 陈婷4, 兰亚佳1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院)劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西医院华西期刊社
  • 3.深圳华大基因科技服务有限公司
  • 4.四川国际旅行卫生保健中心
通讯作者:
兰亚佳,E-Mail:
作者简介:

全立明(1981—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:职业紧张、职业流行病学、卫生管理

Construction and validation of an integrated measurement model of occupational stress from the perspective of cross-cultural adaptation
Li-ming QUAN1, Yang ZHANG2, Jing-xuan MA1, Ling-yu WU3, Ting CHEN4, Ya-jia LAN1
Affiliations
  • Department of Labor Health and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, The Fourth Hospital of West China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509206
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目的

基于跨文化调适的工作内容问卷(JCQ-22adj),整合测量职业紧张及其相关因素、表现与效应,构建职业紧张整合测量模型(Integrated Measurement Model, IMM)。

方法

采用整群抽样法,选取807名参加职业健康体检的劳动者为调查对象。通过基本情况问卷、JCQ-22adj、简明雅典失眠量表(AIS-5)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)收集相关数据。采用因子分析与主成分分析整合体检指标,构建IMM模型并计算紧张相关健康风险指数(Stress-related Health Risk Index, SHRI)。

结果

IMM包含职业紧张、失眠和自觉症状三大核心维度,基于模型推导出SHRI均值为19.06。SHRI与主观工作环境舒适感呈负相关(r =-0.25, P<0.001),预测紧张相关疾病的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.67(P<0.001),处于中等预测效度水平,表明SHRI在一定程度上能够反映职业紧张相关的综合健康风险。

结论

IMM和SHRI可从整体上评估职业紧张及其综合状态对健康的影响,对于制定针对性的职业紧张干预策略与开展健康风险预防具有重要参考价值。

跨文化  /  职业紧张  /  整合测量模型  /  紧张相关健康风险指数
Objective

To develop an Integrated Measurement Model (IMM) for occupational stress by utilizing the cross-culturally adapted Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ-22adj) to measure occupational stress and its related factors, manifestations, and effects.

Methods

A cluster sampling method was employed to select 807 workers undergoing occupational health examinations as the study subjects. Data on demographic characteristics, occupational stress, insomnia, self-reported symptoms, and related factors and effects were collected using a basic information questionnaire, the JCQ-22adj, the brief Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS-5), and the Symptom Checklist-90. Factor analysis and principal component analysis were applied to integrate physical examination indicators for constructing the IMM and calculating the Stress-related Health Risk Index (SHRI) to assess the risk of stress-related health outcomes.

Results

The constructed IMM comprised three core dimensions: occupational stress, insomnia, and self-reported symptoms, with economic security and work environment as external factors. The subjective and objective health outcomes were represented by perceived workplace comfort and changes in physical examination indicators, respectively. The SHRI calculation formula was derived from the model, yielding a mean score of 19.06. SHRI demonstrated a significant negative correlation with subjective workplace comfort (r=-0.25, P< 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting stress-related diseases was 0.67 (P<0.001), indicating a moderate level of predictive validity and confirming its effectiveness in reflecting the comprehensive health risk associated with occupational stress.

Conclusion

IMM and the SHRI provide a holistic approach to assessing the impact of occupational stress and its composite state on health. They offer valuable insights for formulating targeted intervention strategies for occupational stress and for the assessment and prevention of comprehensive stress-related health risks.

Cross-cultural  /  Occupational stress  /  Integrated measurement model  /  Stress related health risk index
全立明, 张洋, 马景璇, 吴玲玉, 陈婷, 兰亚佳. 跨文化调适视角下的职业紧张整合测量模型的构建与验证. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (16) : 2922 -2928 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509206
Li-ming QUAN, Yang ZHANG, Jing-xuan MA, Ling-yu WU, Ting CHEN, Ya-jia LAN. Construction and validation of an integrated measurement model of occupational stress from the perspective of cross-cultural adaptation[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (16) : 2922 -2928 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509206
职业紧张是工作要求与个人能力、资源或需求不匹配时出现的生理和心理反应,持续存在可损害身心健康,其在不同职业人群中的检出率差异明显[1]。目前国内相关研究多引进国外理论模型和测量工具,存在条目表述不适用中国职场语境、工作价值观等问题,而职业紧张又深受文化、社会结构及职场伦理影响,导致直接套用西方量表时因条目表述、价值观及情境不匹配而产生测量偏差,影响研究的有效性与准确性[2-3]。职业紧张作为复杂的生理与心理综合状态,单一维度测量难以全面把握其整体健康效应[4],现有研究虽已表明其与失眠、抑郁、焦虑等自觉症状密切相关[5-8],但现有模型或量表多聚焦于工作自主性、社会支持或组织资源等单一维度,未能对复杂成因作出系统阐释,个体资源、组织情境与劳动法规的多层动态整合机制仍有待深化[9]。本研究着眼于劳动者整体身心健康状态,整合跨文化视角下的职业紧张测量和失眠、自觉症状、体检指标等构建职业紧张整合测量模型(Integrated Measurement Model, IMM)并计算紧张相关健康风险指数(Stress-related Health Risk Index, SHRI),以整体性视角评估职业紧张对我国劳动者的健康影响。
采用时间段整群抽样法,抽取2016年8月1日至2016年8月31日期间在西南地区某三甲医院进行职业健康体检的全部职工为研究对象,经知情同意并依据纳排标准筛选后,最终纳入862人。根据《中华人民共和国职业分类大典》,该人群包括电器制造、石油化工等12类职业。采用问卷收集研究对象的人口学特征、社会特征、经济保障、职业特征以及心身健康(工作环境舒适感、紧张相关疾病)概况等5个方面的信息。最终得到有效问卷807份,有效率为93.6%。该研究经四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院)伦理委员会同意(批准编号:20150310)。
采用跨文化调试后的工作内容问卷(JCQ-22adj)进行职业紧张测量[10]。调试后问卷的累积方差贡献率为52.47%,较原型问卷(48.44%)有所提升;适配度达标指标数量(9项)高于原型(4项),同时条目更加简洁[10]。各条目赋值为1~4,各维度得分为其条目得分之和,分值越高,说明所测量维度程度越高。通过D2/(C*S)计算职业紧张得分[10],其中,D为工作要求(Job Demand),C为自主程度(Control),S为社会支持(Social Support)。
使用简明雅典失眠量表(AIS-5)对研究人群进行失眠调查与分组[11]。AIS-5是国际通用的失眠调查量表,由指导语与5个条目组成,计算每个调查对象5个问题的总分即得到失眠得分,得分越高,失眠情况越严重。
采用症状自评量表(SCL90)中的躯体化、强迫、抑郁和焦虑等四个维度全部共45个问题对调查对象进行自觉症状测量[12]。每一个项目均采取1~5级评分,计分方式为计算总分和因子分。本次测量总分为45个问题分之和,得分越高,自觉症状越严重。
来自于该医院职业健康体检数据,包括血常规指标25项、尿常规指标4项、肾功指标3项、肝功指标10项、血脂血糖类指标8项,能够较为全面的反映代谢改变等与慢性疾病相关且公众较为熟悉的相关健康风险。
采用R 3.4.4、SPSS 22.0和AMOS 17.0软件进行统计分析,经正态性检验及方差齐性检验,计量资料采用均数±标准差描述,均数之间的比较采用t检验或单因素方差分析,计量资料两变量间的关联性分析,采用Pearson相关分析,等级资料两变量间的关联性分析,采用Spearman相关分析。通过相关分析,筛选出与职业紧张、失眠、自觉症状相关的体检指标进行主成分分析。通过因子分析计算出特征值、主成分贡献率及累计贡献率和主成分载荷矩阵等相关数据,根据成分得分系数推导出主成分的表达式,进而根据各自贡献率计算综合指数,并采用ROC分析比较综合指数的评价效果,最终获得优化综合指数。检验IMM的效果,本研究采用以下方法:①主观健康结局关联检验:计算整合测量指数(或各核心维度得分)与研究对象自评的主观结局“工作环境舒适感”之间的相关系数,以评估其与主观健康感知的关联强度。②客观健康结局预测效度检验:以客观结局是否患有“紧张相关疾病”,以整合测量指数作为检验变量,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),并计算曲线下面积(AUC)及其95%可信区间。通过AUC值评估整合测量对客观疾病状态的区分能力。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
已有研究表明,职业紧张、失眠和自觉症状三个要素构成了紧张相关心身健康状态的内核[13-14],主观感受和客观实验室指标的则为其外在效应,两者共同构成了个体的心身健康状态。经济保障和工作环境中的并存危害因素可能对该状态产生正面或负面影响,导致其处于平稳可控或失衡紊乱,进一步恶化则可能产生健康问题进而发生疾病。通过对外部因素、心身健康状态和效应表现的优化整合,本研究构成较为完整的IMM,见图1。
构建综合指数来表示随着职业紧张及其相关整合状态的严重程度增加,所导致身心疾病发生的可能性大小。基于IMM,外部因素如工作环境和经济保障既可以作为变量纳入计算,也可以作为分层因素对综合指数进行评估[15];客观指标指体检指标,既可以纳入敏感指标测量值,也可以纳入异常指标总数进行计算[16]。不同的选择对所构建的指数性能会产生影响,为了获得优化的综合指数,本研究设计了4种构建综合指数的计算方案(表1)。
调查对象中70.4%为男性,40岁以下者占80%,62.8%符合中国人正常体重标准,中专至本科学历者为77.2%,66%已婚,城镇户口占72.4%,60.5%为本地户籍,独生子女占55%,近80%无吸烟或饮酒习惯。绝大部分无紧张相关疾病如糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、脑卒中和消化性溃疡等,身体状况良好。55.3%为合同制固定工,41%为生产制造人员,收入在5 000元以下者占69.2%,养老保险和医疗保险覆盖率达95%,20%无住房公积金,51.4%的公积金在1 000元以下,74.2%对工作环境感觉在舒适以下。近半数暴露于辐射、噪声、粉尘、高温和毒物等主要职业危害因素,大多为单一暴露。
807名调查对象的职业紧张、失眠、自觉症状得分及相关因素见表2。
通过对职业紧张、失眠和自觉症状三要素的相关分析,发现三要素之间存在着中等程度的相关,职业紧张与失眠、职业紧张与自觉症状、失眠与自觉症状的相关系数分别为0.15(P<0.01)、0.32(P<0.01)和0.45(P<0.01)。为进一步验证职业紧张、失眠和自觉症状三要素整合测量的合理性,分别以工作环境舒适感和紧张相关疾病作为主、客观健康结局,对表达三个要素整合测量的联合集中趋势指标(平均向量)在不同结局分类下的差异进行比较,发现平均向量在工作环境舒适感(表3)和紧张相关疾病(表4)的分组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。
通过对体检指标的敏感指标测量值与职业紧张、失眠和自觉症状得分进行单因素相关分析,得到相关系数矩阵见表5。为保证分析结果的代表性,除去样本量太少的指标,并结合专业知识,将高密度脂蛋白、白蛋白、白球比和尿酸作为体检指标的敏感指标测量值纳入职业紧张整合测量指标体系进行进一步分析[17-20]。
结合文献研究[21]和前述研究结果,所构建的职业紧张整合测量理论模型共包含经济保障、工作环境、职业紧张、失眠、自觉症状、体检指标的敏感指标测量值和体检指标异常指标总数7个一级指标和13个二级指标。具体的指标描述及其释义见表6。
根据前述方案设计(表1),四种构建方案的纳入指标、主成分元素和指数(C)计算公式见表7。
经计算,得到4个方案的对应综合指数见表8。
根据模型理论,以调查对象对工作环境的舒适感为主观健康结局,与4个综合指数进行相关分析发现,方案2(r=-0.08,P=0.023)、3(r=-0.20,P<0.001)和4(r=-0.25,P<0.001)的相关系数都有统计学意义,以方案4综合指数的相关系数最高。
为进一步比较四种方案综合指数的性能,以紧张相关疾病发生为客观健康结局,与4个综合指数分别进行ROC分析,发现方案2(AUC=0.64,P<0.01)和方案4(AUC=0.67,P<0.01)的AUC有统计学意义,且方案4的AUC大于方案2,且在灵敏度、特异度和约登指数上也高于方案2(图2)。
综合4种方案比较,方案4为最优方案,能够相对明显反应主观感受和疾病发生主、客观两类健康结局。因此将方案4得到的综合指数C称为SHRI,表示随着职业紧张及其相关整合状态的严重程度增加,所导致身心疾病发生的可能性大小。因方案4得到的综合指数C均值为2,标准差为0.73,最大值为7.86,最小值为0.62,不符合对风险指数的常规理解和量化表示,为此对SHRI的值域进行标准化处理,公式为:
其中,Cadj指每个个体综合指数值,Cmin和Cmax分别代表综合指数的最小值和最大值。经过值域标准化并四舍五入取整数后的SHRI均值为19.06,标准差为10.03,最大值为100,最小值为0,符合对风险指数的常规理解。
本研究基于跨文化适应视角和整合医学理念,应用JCQ-22adj成功构建并验证了IMM及SHRI。研究结果显示,职业紧张、失眠与自觉症状三者之间存在中等程度的相关性,且整合测量在主观健康结局(工作环境舒适感)和客观健康结局(紧张相关疾病)上均表现出显著的区分效力,说明三者共同构成职业人群心身健康状态的核心维度,支持将其纳入统一框架进行综合评估。通过比较四种综合指数构建方案,最终确定以职业紧张得分、失眠得分、自觉症状得分及体检异常指标数为核心变量的方案为最优,其SHRI指数与健康结局的关联最强,表现出良好的预测效力和实际应用潜力。该指数通过值域标准化处理,更符合公众对健康风险的直观理解,具备良好的可解释性和推广价值。
本研究突破了以往职业紧张研究中常见单维测量的局限,将心理、行为、主观感受及客观生理指标等多维度信息纳入统一模型,响应了职业健康研究中系统性和整体性的要求。并且在跨文化调适的JCQ量表基础上,结合本土职场语境优化条目,提高了测量的信效度和文化适应性。SHRI指数兼具主客观指标,实现了对职业紧张健康效应的多维度覆盖和整体性评估,为职业人群早期健康风险预警提供了简便有效的工具。此外,本研究在构建整合模型时,特别注重将跨文化调适后的职业紧张测量与本土常见的健康结局指标(如失眠、自觉症状、常规体检指标)相结合,既保留了国际比较的可能性,又增强了模型在中国职业人群中的解释力与实用性。
本研究的局限性:本研究构建的SHRI在预测紧张相关疾病方面表现出中等效度,虽具有一定区分能力,但仍未达到理想预测水平。这可能因为横断面设计限制了因果推断能力;体检指标虽涵盖多项生理参数,但仍可能遗漏其他重要生物标志物(如心率变异性等)。同时,经济保障与工作环境因素虽识别出显著性,但未直接纳入最终指数方程,其调节或分层效应值得在后续研究中深入探讨。未来研究可通过采用前瞻性队列设计,追踪长期健康结局;整合更多维度的客观指标(如穿戴设备数据、生化指标动态监测);引入机器学习方法(如随机森林、支持向量机等)优化指标权重与建模方式,提升分类精度。
综上所述,本研究从理论构建与实证验证两个层面推进了职业紧张的健康效应评估工作。所提出的IMM及SHRI不仅为全面理解职业紧张对心身健康的综合影响提供了新视角,也为职业健康管理实践提供了具备操作性的评估工具。建议未来研究通过长期随访数据验证SHRI的预测效度,并可进一步引入机器学习等方法优化指标权重与分类性能,以推动职业紧张相关健康风险的精准防控。
  • 四川省卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题(17PJ451)
  • 四川省教育厅课题(17ZB0247)
  • 四川大学青年教师科研启动基金(2015SCU11009)
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2026年第53卷第16期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509206
  • 接收时间:2025-09-12
  • 首发时间:2026-09-28
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-12
基金
四川省卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题(17PJ451)
四川省教育厅课题(17ZB0247)
四川大学青年教师科研启动基金(2015SCU11009)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院)劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西医院华西期刊社
    3.深圳华大基因科技服务有限公司
    4.四川国际旅行卫生保健中心

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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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