Article(id=1324050754939527297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509181, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757865600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793607899651, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1778342400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793607899651, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793607899651, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793607899651, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324050669933572771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778342400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793607879384, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670100562, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311644528050975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311644528050976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050669933572771, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1626, endPage=1631, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324050755358957699, articleId=1324050754939527297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Key barriers and facilitators for implementing community-based atrial fibrillation screening based on the consolidated framework for implementation research, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically analyze key barriers and facilitators to the implementation of community-based atrial fibrillation (AF) screening using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR), thereby informing the optimization of implementation strategies for community-based AF screening in primary care.

Methods

From September to December 2024, purposive sampling was used to recruit 26 healthcare workers from Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, including 24 primary healthcare workers and 2 cardiologists from tertiary hospitals, for semi-structured interviews. A hybrid analytical strategy was adopted, combining CFIR-guided directed content analysis with frequency counts of CFIR constructs and their subdimensions, distinguishing barrier and facilitator attributes. The top 10 most frequently mentioned factors were identified separately among barriers and facilitators as key determinants of community AF screening implementation.

Results

The barriers to implementing community-based AF screening were primarily identified at the individual level (5 factors) and in the inner setting (3 factors). The top 3 most frequently cited barriers were: insufficient primary care workforce, inadequate AF-related knowledge among primary care providers and residents’ low preference for community-based healthcare services. The facilitators primarily emerged in the inner setting (5 factors). The top 3 most frequently cited facilitators were: performance-linked incentives for screening teams, enhanced diagnostic and treatment capacity and confidence in AF management through support from tertiary hospitals, and clear delineation of responsibilities within screening teams.

Conclusion

The successful implementation of community AF screening is influenced by multiple factors. Implementation strategies should be developed based on the local context and targeted at key influencing factors.

, authors=Zi-qian HUANG1, Yu-feng CHEN2, Fang-jia SHEN1, Jun HUANG3, Zhi-sheng LAI2, Yu-mei XUE4, Xi CAO1, authorsList=Zi-qian HUANG, Yu-feng CHEN, Fang-jia SHEN, Jun HUANG, Zhi-sheng LAI, Yu-mei XUE, Xi CAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xi CAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324050757997174918, articleId=1324050754939527297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于实施性研究综合框架的社区房颤筛查落地的关键瓶颈与促进力研究, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于实施性研究综合框架(consolidated framework for implementation research,CFIR)系统分析社区房颤筛查落地的关键障碍与促进因素,为优化基层房颤筛查实施策略提供依据。

方法

于2024年9—12月,采用目的抽样法选取广州市越秀区26名医疗卫生工作者进行半结构化访谈,包括24名基层医务工作者与2名三甲医院心内科医生。采用基于CFIR框架的定向内容分析,CFIR要素及其子维度(区分障碍/促进属性)频次统计的混合数据分析策略,分别在障碍和促进因素中筛选提及频次最高的前10个因素,作为社区房颤筛查落地的关键决定因素。

结果

社区房颤筛查落地的障碍因素集中于个体层面(5项)与内部环境层面(3项),其中提及频率最高的前3个障碍因素为:基层卫生人力资源不足、基层医务人员房颤知识薄弱、居民对社区医疗服务的低倾向性选择偏好。促进因素则多见于内部(5项),其中提及频率最高的前3个促进因素为:对房颤筛查团队实施激励、上级医院赋能基层房颤诊疗水平与信心、明确房颤筛查团队人员职责。

结论

社区房颤筛查落地受到多重因素影响,应结合当地环境针对关键影响因素制定实施促进策略。

, authors=黄紫千1, 陈昱丰2, 沈方家1, 黄俊3, 赖志胜2, 薛玉梅4, 曹希1, authorsList=黄紫千, 陈昱丰, 沈方家, 黄俊, 赖志胜, 薛玉梅, 曹希, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=曹希, authorNote=

黄紫千和陈昱丰为共同第一作者

黄紫千(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:基层心血管健康促进;

陈昱丰(1989—),女,本科,主管医师,研究方向:公共卫生政策与基层慢性病防治;

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曹希,E-mail:
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Top 10 barriers for implementing community-based AF screening

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排序障碍因素频次CFIR要素CFIR领域
1基层卫生人力资源不足18结构特征-开展工作的基础设施内部
2基层医务人员房颤知识薄弱16创新推广者-心理能力个体
3居民对社区医疗服务的低倾向性选择偏好14创新接受者-反思性动机个体
4基层卫生信息系统壁垒13结构特征-信息技术基础设施内部
5居民对房颤认知不足11创新接受者-心理能力个体
6缺少专项政策支持11政策与法规外部
7房颤筛查增加的工作负荷11创新推广者-物理机会个体
8缺乏专门房颤筛查经费10资金支持外部
9房颤抗凝药物短缺9可用资源-材料与设备内部
10居民对社区卫生中心的不信任9创新接受者-反思性动机个体
), ArticleFig(id=1324050764011806910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050754939527297, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

社区房颤筛查落地的前10个关键瓶颈

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排序障碍因素频次CFIR要素CFIR领域
1基层卫生人力资源不足18结构特征-开展工作的基础设施内部
2基层医务人员房颤知识薄弱16创新推广者-心理能力个体
3居民对社区医疗服务的低倾向性选择偏好14创新接受者-反思性动机个体
4基层卫生信息系统壁垒13结构特征-信息技术基础设施内部
5居民对房颤认知不足11创新接受者-心理能力个体
6缺少专项政策支持11政策与法规外部
7房颤筛查增加的工作负荷11创新推广者-物理机会个体
8缺乏专门房颤筛查经费10资金支持外部
9房颤抗凝药物短缺9可用资源-材料与设备内部
10居民对社区卫生中心的不信任9创新接受者-反思性动机个体
), ArticleFig(id=1324050764091498687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050754939527297, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Top 10 facilitators for implementing community-based AF screening

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排序促进因素频次CFIR要素CFIR领域
1对房颤筛查团队实施激励20激励机制内部
2上级医院赋能基层房颤诊疗水平与信心17合作与联络外部
3明确房颤筛查团队人员职责15结构特征-开展工作的基础设施内部
4基层医务人员对房颤筛查的认知与认同14创新推广者-反思性动机个体
5房颤筛查与既有慢病管理模块的整合12兼容性内部
6建立明确的双向转诊协作机制12合作与联络外部
7建立居民对社区筛查服务的信任9参与-创新接受者实施过程
8房颤筛查数据能自动上传至基层卫生信息系统8结构特征-信息技术基础设施内部
9便携、易操作的房颤筛查设备7创新的相对优势创新
10便利的房颤筛查地点7参与-创新接受者实施过程
), ArticleFig(id=1324050764263465152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324050754939527297, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

社区房颤筛查落地的前10个关键促进力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排序促进因素频次CFIR要素CFIR领域
1对房颤筛查团队实施激励20激励机制内部
2上级医院赋能基层房颤诊疗水平与信心17合作与联络外部
3明确房颤筛查团队人员职责15结构特征-开展工作的基础设施内部
4基层医务人员对房颤筛查的认知与认同14创新推广者-反思性动机个体
5房颤筛查与既有慢病管理模块的整合12兼容性内部
6建立明确的双向转诊协作机制12合作与联络外部
7建立居民对社区筛查服务的信任9参与-创新接受者实施过程
8房颤筛查数据能自动上传至基层卫生信息系统8结构特征-信息技术基础设施内部
9便携、易操作的房颤筛查设备7创新的相对优势创新
10便利的房颤筛查地点7参与-创新接受者实施过程
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基于实施性研究综合框架的社区房颤筛查落地的关键瓶颈与促进力研究
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黄紫千 1 , 陈昱丰 2 , 沈方家 1 , 黄俊 3 , 赖志胜 2 , 薛玉梅 4 , 曹希 1
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2026,53(9): 1626-1631
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现代预防医学 |基层卫生服务 2026 , 53 (9) : 1626 -1631
基于实施性研究综合框架的社区房颤筛查落地的关键瓶颈与促进力研究
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黄紫千1, 陈昱丰2, 沈方家1, 黄俊3, 赖志胜2, 薛玉梅4, 曹希1
作者信息
  • 1.中山大学护理学院,广东 广州 510080
  • 2.广州市越秀区疾病预防控制中心,广东 广州 510120
  • 3.南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)广东省老年医学研究所老年医学科
  • 4.南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)广东省心血管病研究所心血管内科
通讯作者:
曹希,E-mail:
作者简介:

黄紫千和陈昱丰为共同第一作者

黄紫千(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:基层心血管健康促进;

陈昱丰(1989—),女,本科,主管医师,研究方向:公共卫生政策与基层慢性病防治;

Key barriers and facilitators for implementing community-based atrial fibrillation screening based on the consolidated framework for implementation research
Zi-qian HUANG1, Yu-feng CHEN2, Fang-jia SHEN1, Jun HUANG3, Zhi-sheng LAI2, Yu-mei XUE4, Xi CAO1
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
出版时间: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509181
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目的

基于实施性研究综合框架(consolidated framework for implementation research,CFIR)系统分析社区房颤筛查落地的关键障碍与促进因素,为优化基层房颤筛查实施策略提供依据。

方法

于2024年9—12月,采用目的抽样法选取广州市越秀区26名医疗卫生工作者进行半结构化访谈,包括24名基层医务工作者与2名三甲医院心内科医生。采用基于CFIR框架的定向内容分析,CFIR要素及其子维度(区分障碍/促进属性)频次统计的混合数据分析策略,分别在障碍和促进因素中筛选提及频次最高的前10个因素,作为社区房颤筛查落地的关键决定因素。

结果

社区房颤筛查落地的障碍因素集中于个体层面(5项)与内部环境层面(3项),其中提及频率最高的前3个障碍因素为:基层卫生人力资源不足、基层医务人员房颤知识薄弱、居民对社区医疗服务的低倾向性选择偏好。促进因素则多见于内部(5项),其中提及频率最高的前3个促进因素为:对房颤筛查团队实施激励、上级医院赋能基层房颤诊疗水平与信心、明确房颤筛查团队人员职责。

结论

社区房颤筛查落地受到多重因素影响,应结合当地环境针对关键影响因素制定实施促进策略。

心房颤动  /  基层卫生服务  /  疾病筛查  /  障碍与促进因素
Objective

To systematically analyze key barriers and facilitators to the implementation of community-based atrial fibrillation (AF) screening using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR), thereby informing the optimization of implementation strategies for community-based AF screening in primary care.

Methods

From September to December 2024, purposive sampling was used to recruit 26 healthcare workers from Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, including 24 primary healthcare workers and 2 cardiologists from tertiary hospitals, for semi-structured interviews. A hybrid analytical strategy was adopted, combining CFIR-guided directed content analysis with frequency counts of CFIR constructs and their subdimensions, distinguishing barrier and facilitator attributes. The top 10 most frequently mentioned factors were identified separately among barriers and facilitators as key determinants of community AF screening implementation.

Results

The barriers to implementing community-based AF screening were primarily identified at the individual level (5 factors) and in the inner setting (3 factors). The top 3 most frequently cited barriers were: insufficient primary care workforce, inadequate AF-related knowledge among primary care providers and residents’ low preference for community-based healthcare services. The facilitators primarily emerged in the inner setting (5 factors). The top 3 most frequently cited facilitators were: performance-linked incentives for screening teams, enhanced diagnostic and treatment capacity and confidence in AF management through support from tertiary hospitals, and clear delineation of responsibilities within screening teams.

Conclusion

The successful implementation of community AF screening is influenced by multiple factors. Implementation strategies should be developed based on the local context and targeted at key influencing factors.

Atrial fibrillation  /  Primary health care  /  Disease screening  /  Barriers and facilitators
黄紫千, 陈昱丰, 沈方家, 黄俊, 赖志胜, 薛玉梅, 曹希. 基于实施性研究综合框架的社区房颤筛查落地的关键瓶颈与促进力研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (9) : 1626 -1631 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509181
Zi-qian HUANG, Yu-feng CHEN, Fang-jia SHEN, Jun HUANG, Zhi-sheng LAI, Yu-mei XUE, Xi CAO. Key barriers and facilitators for implementing community-based atrial fibrillation screening based on the consolidated framework for implementation research[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (9) : 1626 -1631 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509181
心房颤动(简称房颤)作为成年人最常见的心律失常,已成为全球公共卫生的重要挑战。最新流行病学数据显示,全球约有5 970万房颤患者[1],其中我国患者约2 000万,居亚太地区首位[2]。房颤显著增加脑卒中、心力衰竭等严重心脑血管疾病风险[3],其中房颤相关卒中具有高致残率、高致死率和高复发率特征,给家庭和社会带来沉重经济负担。然而,房颤的发生较为隐匿,约三分之一的患者为无症状房颤[4],导致常规检查难以及时发现而错失最佳干预窗口。国内外指南推荐开展房颤筛查,以及早识别及管理潜在房颤患者[5-6]。
社区卫生服务机构凭借服务连续性与可及性优势,是房颤筛查开展的理想场所[7]。国内已有多地开展社区房颤筛查服务,如湖北省构建的“省、市、县、基层四级房颤防治网络”[8]、上海市在紧密型医联体框架下建立的远程心电图诊断与预警平台[9],以及江苏省以村医为主导的远程房颤筛查模式[10]。然而,社区房颤筛查的实施仍面临诸多挑战,如社区对房颤筛查的采纳度低、依从性差[11-12],及筛查持续性欠佳[13],课题组前期在广州市越秀区社区医院开展就诊时的机会性房颤筛查,亦发现居民参与率低和医护人员执行依从性不佳的问题。明确房颤筛查实施的障碍与促进因素,是推动其临床转化、落实房颤筛查获益的重要前提[14]。当前研究较少关注房颤筛查的实施性问题,且房颤筛查实施影响因素证据多来自发达国家[13],其结论未必适用于我国基层医疗情境。实施性研究综合框架(consolidated framework for implementation research,CFIR)作为当前操作性最好、应用最广泛的实施科学决定因素元理论框架之一,为多维解构房颤筛查的实施决定因素提供了结构化分析工具[15]。本研究基于CFIR,通过对基层医务工作者及上级医院心内科医生的半结构化访谈,揭示社区房颤筛查落地的关键决定因素,为促进房颤筛查实施提供依据。
于2024年9—12月,采取目的抽样法,根据差异最大法[16]选取广州市越秀区社区卫生服务中心(简称“社卫中心”)的管理者(主任、医务科或公共卫生科科长)、一线医护人员(全科医生、公共卫生医生、护士)、区疾控中心公共卫生办公室人员、三甲医院心内科医生进行访谈 。访谈对象纳入标准:(1)年龄≥18岁;(2)调查期间全职在岗且工作年限≥1年;(3)工作内容与慢病管理有关。排除标准:科室轮转、进修、实习者。本研究经中山大学护理学院伦理委员会批准(批件号:L2024SYSU-HL-037)。
通过文献回顾、专家咨询、预访谈等制订半结构式访谈提纲。本研究的预访谈提纲基于CFIR进行设计,内容涵盖五个方面(创新、外部因素、内部因素、个体、实施过程领域),以全面探索社区房颤筛查落地的影响因素。首先由一名研究者根据CFIR定性数据收集指南[17]初步设计访谈提纲,之后经过课题组及一名具有使用CFIR研究经验的专家、一名具有质性研究经验五年以上的专家共同讨论后拟定预访谈提纲。使用初步拟定的访谈提纲对二至三名社卫中心的医务工作者进行预访谈,根据预访谈结果修订访谈提纲,形成正式版访谈提纲。
研究者同拟进行访谈的研究对象取得联系,获得其知情同意,访谈地点选择安静私密的场所。正式访谈时,通过现场笔录和录音相结合的方式收集资料,由二名接受过质性研究方法学培训、且熟悉基层心血管疾病管理的研究者进行访谈,其中主访谈者负责引导访谈,辅助访谈者则补充主访谈者可能遗漏的信息。按照访谈提纲进行访谈,根据受访者的回答情况调整访谈问题的顺序及提问方式。访谈全程录音,同时记录受访者的非语言信息如语音语调及肢体语言等。鼓励受访者充分表达自己的观点,当研究者对受访者的观点不理解时,及时进行追问或邀请受访者进行澄清,访谈时长约30~90 min。
采用信息饱和法,即主题和亚主题重复出现且不再出现新的主题时确定样本量[18],资料收集和分析同步进行。
访谈资料经双人独立转录校验后,采用基于CFIR的定向内容分析,CFIR要素及其子维度(区分障碍/促进属性)频次统计的混合数据分析策略。首先基于CFIR五领域构建预定义类目体系,由研究者双人独立编码提取文本中的影响因素表述(如“筛查流程复杂性”映射至“创新-复杂性”要素),编码一致性经Kappa系数检验(>0.8)。在此基础上,通过双重量化阈值筛选关键因素[16]:(1)要素层面统计受访者覆盖率(提及该要素的受访者数/总样本量),将覆盖率≥50%的CFIR要素确定为核心要素;(2)子维度层面对核心要素区分障碍/促进属性后,提取其下属子维度及其频次,依据子维度被提及频次对其进行排序,分别在障碍和促进因素中筛选提及频次最高的前10个子维度作为社区房颤筛查落地的关键决定因素。资料分析流程见图1。
对第24~26名访谈者的转录后文本进行资料分析时,均未出现新的亚主题,最终确定样本量为26人。受访者平均年龄(40.4±5.0)岁,女性占73.1%;工作年限中位数为16.5年,学历以本科为主,占80.8%;约一半以上为中级职称,占53.8%;受访者职务包括社卫中心管理者,全科医生等社区一线医护,疾控部门人员及三甲医院心内科医生,分别占30.8%、53.8%、7.7%、7.7%。
通过CFIR导向的定向内容分析,并对CFIR要素下属子维度进行频次计数后,识别出社区房颤筛查落地的前10个关键决定因素,见表1、2。社区房颤筛查落地的障碍因素集中于个体层面(5项)与内部环境层面(3项)。促进因素则以内部环境为主(4项),在外部环境和实施过程也较为常见(各2项)。
社区房颤落地的关键瓶颈集中于个体层面与内部环境层面。个体层面障碍包括供方及需方两方面,供方首要障碍为基层医务人员房颤知识薄弱。DIR-03:“社区是全科,像房颤风险因素、风险分层标准、规范治疗这些不怎么了解,如果开展筛查肯定要再培训。”需方视角的障碍包括居民对社区医疗服务的普遍低倾向性选择偏好、对房颤认知不足及对社区筛查服务的不信任。居民基于既有医疗福利与较高的经济支付能力,而回避社区筛查服务。CDC-02:“越秀区退休老干部众多,家里经济条件较好,本身有单位配套的三甲医院检查,所以大多不愿来社区医院(看病),也就不来这里筛查了。”GP-05:“许多居民出现胸闷、头晕时,第一反应是和自己熟悉的高血压或冠心病有关,不太会意识到也可能与房颤有关,(所以对房颤筛查不重视)。”PHC-01:“有些居民对我们不信任,询问心电图结果是否可靠,而如果三甲医院让他们做动态心电图,哪怕排很久队也配合。”
内部环境层面指社卫中心内部与房颤筛查相关的基础设施、资源等因素,该维度最突出障碍为基层卫生人力资源不足,其源于基层卫生日常工作繁多,房颤筛查作为额外任务未配套人力,继而阻碍筛查的实施。PHC-02:“现有公共卫生任务、日常医疗和突发事件已兼顾困难,再加房颤筛查会超出承受范围。”
社区房颤筛查落地的关键促进力集中于内部环境,在外部环境和实施过程也较为常见。对筛查团队实施多种激励以提升筛查积极性,包括经济奖励(按筛查量发放补贴)、职业发展挂钩(职称晋升加分或荣誉表彰)、筛查工作的正反馈(无症状房颤早诊早治降低卒中风险)。NUR-01:“比如一份筛查奖励医护10元补贴,我们的工作积极性会大幅提高。对在房颤筛查中表现突出的人员在职称晋升时加分、给予表彰宣传,这也能激发工作热情。”PHD-01:“房颤筛查有助于识别社区的无症状性患者、通过抗凝治疗降低脑卒中风险,这种工作成效对我们来说就是正反馈。”同时,通过明确筛查团队人员(如社区全科医生和护士、上级医院心内科医生与药剂师)的职责,保障筛查顺畅开展。
外部环境对社区筛查落地的促进作用主要体现在:采取措施提高基层房颤诊疗水平与信心,以促进社区房颤筛查落地。基层医务工作者认为,社区房颤筛查落地需要上级医院的支持,包括专家社区坐诊、房颤诊疗技能带教及远程会诊。DIR-02:“上级医院专家定期到社区坐诊,将心电图判读和房颤管理要点传授给社区全科医生,提升他们开展房颤筛查的能力与信心,全科医生在遇到难以判断的心电图时,要能申请专家远程会诊,确保诊断的准确性。”上级医院心内科医生在认同赋能重要性的同时,更关注其可持续性。TH-CARD-02:“需保证培训和病例研讨的常态化,三甲医院医生普遍比较忙碌,可探索基于三甲医院真实病历数据构建智能房颤辅助诊疗系统。”
本研究发现,基层卫生人力短缺是社区房颤筛查落地的首要内部障碍。基层卫生日常工作繁多且考核压力大,房颤筛查作为增量任务因缺乏人力支持,显著增加了落地难度。这一障碍在我国基层卫生人力资源短缺的背景下尤为突出,当前我国每万人口全科医生数仅3.28人,远低于2030年5人/万人的政策目标,且显著低于欧美国家[19]。
基层医务人员房颤知识薄弱是社区房颤筛查落地个人层面的最大阻力。上海一项针对1 393名基层医务人员的调查显示,基层医务人员在房颤危险因素、症状与体征、诊断方式、分类、危害方面的知识及格率均不及50%[20],导致其执行筛查缺乏理论支撑,如危险因素认知不足降低高危人群识别意识、诊断标准掌握不牢降低筛查结果的可靠性,因此,强化基层医务人员房颤知识培训是提升社区筛查执行力的基础。
居民参与社区房颤筛查的意愿受三重因素而降低:疾病认知不足、社区就医偏好低及信任度缺乏。居民对自身患病风险及房颤后果认知不足,导致其忽视筛查必要性,长三角地区一项针对2 000余名公众的调查显示[21],公众对饮酒、运动缺乏等生活方式风险因素、及房颤导致中风的后果的知晓率均低于50%。其次,居民普遍偏好三甲医院医疗服务,且对社区医疗服务信任度不足,导致其接受社区房颤筛查的意愿较低,特别是有单位医疗福利及经济条件较好的群体。居民对社区筛查可信度的质疑进一步降低其参与积极性,这与秦凤银等[22]关于居民低信任度阻碍基层医疗服务参与的研究结论一致。上述因素共同阻碍筛查目标人群参与率的提升,是社区房颤筛查落地的关键瓶颈。国内实践表明,家庭医生签约制通过提供个性化健康管理、强化医患沟通,能提升居民健康素养及慢性病管理依从性[23]。本研究发现,由家庭医生提供筛查建议可增强居民信任度,从而提高参与率。
提升基层医务人员房颤筛查积极性需实施多元激励,保障筛查可持续性则需明晰团队职责分工。与赵世超等研究结论一致[24],本研究发现,外部(经济补贴、职业发展)与内部(筛查工作的正反馈,即降低无症状性房颤患者卒中发生风险)的激励措施可提高基层医务人员的筛查积极性、从而促进筛查落地。借鉴基层高血压、糖尿病管理的成熟经验,其团队协作模式已被证明是保障服务连续性与质量的关键[25],在房颤筛查中同样需要明确初筛、风险评估、转诊、随访等关键环节的责任人,确保流程顺畅衔接。
上级医院赋能基层房颤诊疗水平与信心、建立明确的双向转诊协作机制,是推动社区房颤筛查落地的外部因素。基层医务人员房颤诊疗水平普遍不足[20],构成其执行筛查的能力障碍,上级医院专家通过定期坐诊、诊疗技能带教及远程会诊支持等提升基层医务人员房颤诊疗能力,对筛查实施产生促进作用[26]。值得注意的是,上级医院赋能基层模式需突破专家时间约束以实现常态化,可借鉴湘雅医院“多病种优质诊疗资源下沉系统”的建设经验,将三甲医院的术语知识库与真实病历库转化为基层决策支持工具,实现专家经验的即时调用[27],为社区筛查提供可持续的赋能支持。同时,明确的双向转诊协作机制,是解决筛查阳性患者后续处理问题的关键。我国房颤分级诊疗方案建议病情稳定的患者下转至社区,而初诊/疑似、危重、伴严重并发症者上转至上级医院[28],华西医院的社区-房颤专病门诊-社区多级协同模式为此提供实践指引[29]。
本研究首次基于CFIR对我国社区房颤筛查落地的决定因素进行系统分析,结合CFIR要素及其子维度频次统计的混合数据分析策略,实现了CFIR系统性与本土数据实证性的融合。
本研究具有一定局限性。在样本来源方面,仅纳入广州市中心城区基层医务工作者,未覆盖农村及欠发达地区,限制了结论的外推性;在资料分析方面,质性研究固有的主观性可能导致部分因素归类偏差。未来研究可同步纳入城乡基层医疗机构开展对比分析,为筛查策略的区域适应性优化提供证据支撑;同时,基于本研究识别的关键瓶颈与促进力,结合当地情境探索房颤筛查促进策略的有效性及效果,以明确不同情境下最优实施策略。
社区房颤筛查落地受到多重因素影响,应结合当地环境考量筛查落地的关键影响因素,以制定筛查实施促进策略,从而提升基层房颤防治效果。
从解决社区房颤筛查落地的关键瓶颈出发,需提升基层医务人员对房颤及筛查价值的认知,可通过线上线下结合形式开展指南规范化培训。同时,由家庭医生主导个性化筛查宣教,并在居民高频活动场所(如社区老年活动中心)嵌入筛查服务以提升触达率。从发挥社区房颤筛查落地的关键促进力看,对筛查团队实施激励应兼顾外部与内部层面(外部:筛查绩效与经济/职业发展挂钩,内部:患者房颤健康指标的动态追踪与可视化呈现)以提升其积极性。同时,通过专家坐诊、诊疗技能带教及远程会诊支持,强化基层房颤诊疗能力与信心,并依托上级医院的术语知识库与真实病历库开发智能决策支持工具,实现常态化赋能。此外,构建社区与上级医院间的双向转诊协作机制以保障房颤筛查与管理闭环。
  • 国家自然科学基金(72304288)
  • 广州市科技计划项目(2025A04J5215)
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文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202509181
  • 接收时间:2025-09-15
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-05-10
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-15
基金
国家自然科学基金(72304288)
广州市科技计划项目(2025A04J5215)
作者信息
    1.中山大学护理学院,广东 广州 510080
    2.广州市越秀区疾病预防控制中心,广东 广州 510120
    3.南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)广东省老年医学研究所老年医学科
    4.南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)广东省心血管病研究所心血管内科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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