Article(id=1324071029349429408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508314, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755705600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793612733447, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793612733447, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793612733447, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793612733447, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324070892967428793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793612700931, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793612772549, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4572, endPage=4576, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324071029764665505, articleId=1324071029349429408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Study on antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular typing of 36 strains of Bordetella pertussis, Guizhou, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics of Bordetella pertussis (Bp)in Guizhou Province, in order to provide a scientific basis for pertussis prevention, control, and treatment strategy formulation.

Methods

Bp strains collected from Guizhou Province between 2017 and 2024 were isolated and identified, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 10 antibiotics, including erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin, using the E-test method. Based on next-generation sequencing, drug resistance gene locus detection and multilocus sequence typing(MLST)were performed. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)molecular typing was performed using the restriction enzyme XbaI.

Results

Of the 36 collected Bp strains, the resistance rate to macrolide antibiotics was 83.3% (30/36), increasing from 40% (2/5)in 2017 to 100% (19/19)in 2024. All resistant isolates harbored the A2047G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. The susceptibility rate to Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim was 58.3% (21/36), while all strains (100%, 36/36)were susceptible to ceftriaxone, meropenem, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and gentamicin. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST)identified all isolates as sequence type 2 (ST-2). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)classified the strains into 21 pulsotypes and 5 clusters, with epidemic strains from 2023—2024 predominantly belonging to cluster C and exhibiting significant genetic divergence from earlier isolates.

Conclusion

Bp strains in Guizhou Province presents heterogeneous PFGE profiles, varying over time in genetic features and macrolide sensitivity, and differing molecularly from vaccine strains.

, authors=Xuan-jie YANG1, Chun-ting LIU2, Ming WANG2, Qing MA2, De-yu LI2, Xiao-yu WEI2, Yong HU1, Shi-jun LI1, 2, authorsList=Xuan-jie YANG, Chun-ting LIU, Ming WANG, Qing MA, De-yu LI, Xiao-yu WEI, Yong HU, Shi-jun LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shi-jun LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324071031505301670, articleId=1324071029349429408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=贵州省36株百日咳鲍特菌抗生素敏感性及分子分型研究, columnId=1228016572288135432, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=实验技术及其应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解贵州省百日咳鲍特菌(Bordetella pertussis,Bp)的抗生素敏感性及分子分型特征,为当地百日咳防控及治疗策略制定提供科学依据。

方法

收集2017年至2024年贵州省分离并鉴定的Bp菌株,采用E-test法进行红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素等10种抗生素敏感性试验;基于二代全基因组测序技术进行耐药基因位点检测及多位点序列分型(Multilocus sequence typing, MLST);用XbaI内切酶进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulsed field gel electrophoresis, PFGE)分子分型。

结果

收集到的36株Bp菌株,对大环内酯类抗生素耐药率达83.3%(30/36),耐药率从2017年的40%(2/5)升至2024年的100%(19/19),均携带23S rRNA基因A2047G突变;对复方新诺明敏感率为58.3%(21/36);对头孢曲松、美罗培南、氨苄西林、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素敏感率为100%(36/36);MLST分型均为ST-2型;PFGE分型为21个型别、5个聚类簇,2023—2024年流行株主要集中于C簇,与早期菌株存在明显遗传差异。

结论

贵州省Bp菌株呈现多态性PFGE型别,不同时期菌株存在遗传特征及大环内酯类抗生素敏感性差异,MLST型别与疫苗株存在分子水平差异。

, authors=杨煊婕1, 刘淳婷2, 王铭2, 马青2, 李德育2, 韦小瑜2, 胡勇1, 李世军1, 2, authorsList=杨煊婕, 刘淳婷, 王铭, 马青, 李德育, 韦小瑜, 胡勇, 李世军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李世军, authorNote=

杨煊婕(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:百日咳分子流行病学研究

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李世军,E-mail:
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Molecular characterization of Bordetella pertussis Isolates in China [D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Medical University, 2009. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Molecular characterization of Bordetella pertussis Isolates in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324071039751303439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071029349429408, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=22, issue=3, pageStart=442, pageEnd=448, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Cassiday PK, Skoff TH, Jawahir S, journalName=Emerging Infectious Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cassiday PK, Skoff TH, Jawahir S, et al. Changes in predominance of Pulsed-Field gel electrophoresis profiles of bordetella pertussis isolates, United States, 2000-2012 [J]. 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Bp strains antimicrobial susceptibility judgment break point(mg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素敏感中介耐药
复方新诺明≤0.5/9.51/19~2/38≥4/76
头孢曲松≤2--
美罗培南≤0.5--
氨苄西林≤12≥4
环丙沙星≤1--
左氧氟沙星≤2--
庆大霉素≤24≥8
大环内酯类--≥32
), ArticleFig(id=1324071035695411428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071029349429408, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Bp菌株抗生素敏感性判断折点(mg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素敏感中介耐药
复方新诺明≤0.5/9.51/19~2/38≥4/76
头孢曲松≤2--
美罗培南≤0.5--
氨苄西林≤12≥4
环丙沙星≤1--
左氧氟沙星≤2--
庆大霉素≤24≥8
大环内酯类--≥32
), ArticleFig(id=1324071035821240549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071029349429408, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The results of antimicrobial susceptibility test of Bp strains in Guizhou Province[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素构成[n(%)]
敏感中介耐药
红霉素E6(16.70)0(0.00)30(83.30)
克拉霉素CLR6(16.70)0(0.00)30(83.30)
阿奇霉素AZM6(16.70)0(0.00)30(83.30)
复方新诺明SXT21(58.30)15(41.70)0(0.00)
头孢曲松CRO36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
美罗培南MRP36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
氨苄西林AMP36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
环丙沙星CIP36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
左氧氟沙星LEV36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
庆大霉素CN36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1324071035896738022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071029349429408, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

贵州省Bp菌株的抗生素敏感性实验结果[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素构成[n(%)]
敏感中介耐药
红霉素E6(16.70)0(0.00)30(83.30)
克拉霉素CLR6(16.70)0(0.00)30(83.30)
阿奇霉素AZM6(16.70)0(0.00)30(83.30)
复方新诺明SXT21(58.30)15(41.70)0(0.00)
头孢曲松CRO36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
美罗培南MRP36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
氨苄西林AMP36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
环丙沙星CIP36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
左氧氟沙星LEV36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
庆大霉素CN36(100.00)0(0.00)0(0.00)
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贵州省36株百日咳鲍特菌抗生素敏感性及分子分型研究
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杨煊婕 1 , 刘淳婷 2 , 王铭 2 , 马青 2 , 李德育 2 , 韦小瑜 2 , 胡勇 1 , 李世军 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2025,52(24): 4572-4576
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现代预防医学 |实验技术及其应用 2025 , 52 (24) : 4572 -4576
贵州省36株百日咳鲍特菌抗生素敏感性及分子分型研究
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杨煊婕1, 刘淳婷2, 王铭2, 马青2, 李德育2, 韦小瑜2, 胡勇1, 李世军1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.贵州省疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
李世军,E-mail:
作者简介:

杨煊婕(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:百日咳分子流行病学研究

Study on antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular typing of 36 strains of Bordetella pertussis, Guizhou
Xuan-jie YANG1, Chun-ting LIU2, Ming WANG2, Qing MA2, De-yu LI2, Xiao-yu WEI2, Yong HU1, Shi-jun LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508314
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目的

了解贵州省百日咳鲍特菌(Bordetella pertussis,Bp)的抗生素敏感性及分子分型特征,为当地百日咳防控及治疗策略制定提供科学依据。

方法

收集2017年至2024年贵州省分离并鉴定的Bp菌株,采用E-test法进行红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素等10种抗生素敏感性试验;基于二代全基因组测序技术进行耐药基因位点检测及多位点序列分型(Multilocus sequence typing, MLST);用XbaI内切酶进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulsed field gel electrophoresis, PFGE)分子分型。

结果

收集到的36株Bp菌株,对大环内酯类抗生素耐药率达83.3%(30/36),耐药率从2017年的40%(2/5)升至2024年的100%(19/19),均携带23S rRNA基因A2047G突变;对复方新诺明敏感率为58.3%(21/36);对头孢曲松、美罗培南、氨苄西林、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素敏感率为100%(36/36);MLST分型均为ST-2型;PFGE分型为21个型别、5个聚类簇,2023—2024年流行株主要集中于C簇,与早期菌株存在明显遗传差异。

结论

贵州省Bp菌株呈现多态性PFGE型别,不同时期菌株存在遗传特征及大环内酯类抗生素敏感性差异,MLST型别与疫苗株存在分子水平差异。

百日咳鲍特菌  /  抗生素敏感性  /  耐药基因  /  PFGE  /  MLST
Objective

To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics of Bordetella pertussis (Bp)in Guizhou Province, in order to provide a scientific basis for pertussis prevention, control, and treatment strategy formulation.

Methods

Bp strains collected from Guizhou Province between 2017 and 2024 were isolated and identified, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 10 antibiotics, including erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin, using the E-test method. Based on next-generation sequencing, drug resistance gene locus detection and multilocus sequence typing(MLST)were performed. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)molecular typing was performed using the restriction enzyme XbaI.

Results

Of the 36 collected Bp strains, the resistance rate to macrolide antibiotics was 83.3% (30/36), increasing from 40% (2/5)in 2017 to 100% (19/19)in 2024. All resistant isolates harbored the A2047G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. The susceptibility rate to Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim was 58.3% (21/36), while all strains (100%, 36/36)were susceptible to ceftriaxone, meropenem, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and gentamicin. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST)identified all isolates as sequence type 2 (ST-2). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)classified the strains into 21 pulsotypes and 5 clusters, with epidemic strains from 2023—2024 predominantly belonging to cluster C and exhibiting significant genetic divergence from earlier isolates.

Conclusion

Bp strains in Guizhou Province presents heterogeneous PFGE profiles, varying over time in genetic features and macrolide sensitivity, and differing molecularly from vaccine strains.

Bordetella pertussis  /  Antimicrobial susceptibility  /  Drug resistance gene  /  PFGE  /  MLST
杨煊婕, 刘淳婷, 王铭, 马青, 李德育, 韦小瑜, 胡勇, 李世军. 贵州省36株百日咳鲍特菌抗生素敏感性及分子分型研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4572 -4576 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508314
Xuan-jie YANG, Chun-ting LIU, Ming WANG, Qing MA, De-yu LI, Xiao-yu WEI, Yong HU, Shi-jun LI. Study on antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular typing of 36 strains of Bordetella pertussis, Guizhou[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4572 -4576 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508314
百日咳是由百日咳鲍特菌(Bordetella pertussis, Bp)引起的一种古老的急性传染性呼吸道疾病,传染性强、全人群易感,以阵发性痉挛性咳嗽为典型症状,婴幼儿感染后易出现严重并发症甚至死亡[1]。尽管疫苗已广泛使用,但近年全球多地百日咳发病率显著上升,我国包括贵州省在内的报告病例数亦持续增加[2-4]。更值得关注的是,大环内酯类耐药百日咳鲍特菌在我国多省份流行率升高[5-7],增加了治疗难度、延长病程,并加剧耐药传播风险。
在百日咳鲍特菌的研究与防控中,分子分型技术是监控细菌群体分子变化的重要工具,多位点序列分型(Multilocus sequence typing, MLST)[8]基于管家基因的序列分析,适用于揭示菌株的遗传进化关系和种群结构;而脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulsed field gel electrophoresis, PFGE)[9]通过酶切基因组DNA产生指纹图谱,具有较高的分辨力,常用于暴发调查和传播链追溯。
“百日咳重现”对公共卫生构成了新的挑战,中国百日咳行动计划(China Pertussis Initiative, CPI)建议加强百日咳监测以明确流行特征及传播模式[10]。然而,贵州省仍缺乏相应的病原菌耐药性及分子分型数据,本研究旨在分析贵州省近年百日咳流行株的抗生素敏感性及分子分型特征,为制定区域性精准防控策略及优化治疗方案提供本土数据。
本研究所用菌株为2017—2024年贵州省百日咳监测网络实验室成功分离鉴定的所有百日咳鲍特菌,原始样本鼻咽拭子采集自同时期报告的百日咳疑似病例及其密切接触者。
荧光PCR仪(Applied Biosystems 7500)、麦氏比浊仪(梅里埃)、脉冲场凝胶电泳仪(Bio Rad)、凝胶成像分析仪(Bio Rad)、自动核酸提取仪(柏炬科技)、自动建库仪(MGISP-100);二代测序仪(华大基因MGISEQ-2000RS)、木炭琼脂培养基(OXOID)、头孢氨苄(OXOID)、脱纤维羊血(北京宝特)、百日咳三重核酸检测试剂盒(深圳生科原)、MarkerλLadder(Bio Rad)、DNA提取试剂盒(杭州柏熠科技有限公司)、MGIEasy酶切DNA文库制备试剂套装(武汉华大智造科技有限公司);MGISEQ-2000RS高通量测序试剂盒(武汉华大智造科技有限公司)、E-test试纸(意大利飞驰公司)等。
参考文献[11]方法,采用木炭血琼脂培养基、E-test药敏试纸条对菌株进行抗生素敏感性试验,抗生素药物选取红霉素、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、复方新诺明、头孢曲松、美罗培南、氨苄西林、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素,经37℃孵育96 h后读取最低抑菌浓度(Minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)。目前美国临床实验室标准协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI)和欧洲药敏试验委员会(European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, EUCAST)尚未提供百日咳鲍特菌的抗生素药物敏感性判定标准,因此参考文献[11]将大环内酯类抗生素(红霉素、克拉霉素和阿奇霉素)的耐药折点定为32 mg/L,复方新诺明、头孢曲松、美罗培南、氨苄西林、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星的敏感性判断折点参考CLSI(2025)中流感嗜血杆菌标准,庆大霉素参考CLSI(2025)中大肠杆菌标准(表1)。质控菌株为肺炎链球菌ATCC49619、大肠埃希菌ATCC25922。
按照细菌基因组DNA提取试剂及测序仪等设备使用说明,提取Bp菌株基因组DNA,采用MGIEasy酶切DNA文库制备试剂套装进行DNA片段化与接头连接、文库环化与消化、DNB制备,获得待测基因组文库,利用二代测序平台华大基因MGISEQ-2000RS进行全基因组测序,获得FastQ格式的基因序列,使用fastp[12]进行质控(含碱基质量、GC含量评估)、adapter修剪、碱基校正及polyG/polyX尾修剪,生成clean reads后采用SPAdes经k-mer优化参数从头组装为contigs。将组装后的全基因组序列上传到BIGSdb-Pasteur数据库(https://bigsdb.pasteur.fr/),获得菌株的MLST型别;使用abricate组装后的contig进行耐药基因预测,耐药基因数据库为综合抗生素耐药性数据库(https://card.mcmaster.ca)。利用BLASTn软件,将Bp菌株与23S rRNA基因标准序列(GenBank序列号:X68323)进行比对[13]。
参照文献[14]方法,选用XbaI内切酶进行PFGE分型,设置电泳液温度14 ℃,电压5.5 V/cm,脉冲时间为5~21 s,电泳时长为18 h。以λ Ladder图谱作为标准化参考,用于指示条带片段大小;通过BioNumerics软件,采用非加权组平均法(unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages, UPGMA)方法进行聚类分析。
共分离到Bp菌株36株,分离地为贵阳(9株)、安顺(11株)、毕节(8株)、六盘水(7株)、黔南州(1株);菌株携带者包括婴儿(17例)、幼儿(4例)、儿童(12例)及成人(3例);菌株分离时间覆盖1至9月,其中第三季度(7—9月)为分离高峰期。
36株Bp菌株中,83.3%(30/36)对红霉素、克拉霉素和阿奇霉素等大环内酯类抗生素耐药,大环内酯类抗生素耐药率从2017年的40%(2/5)升至2024年的100%(19/19),耐药株(n=30)MIC均>256 mg/L,而敏感株(n=6)MIC均≤0.064 mg/L。58.3%(21/36)对复方新诺明敏感,41.7%(15/36)对复方新诺明的敏感程度为中介;在30株耐大环内酯类抗生素的Bp菌株中,对复方新诺明敏感、中介的占比分别为56.7%(17/30)、43.3%(13/30)。全部菌株对头孢曲松、美罗培南、氨苄西林、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素敏感,且MIC值波动在0.023~1 mg/L(表2,图1)。
36株Bp菌株的全基因组序列中均未检测到甲基化酶基因erm;所有菌株均携带多种耐药基因,包括调控基因(cprR、golS、kdpE)、外排泵组件(MexB、MexC、MexD、MexI、MuxA、MuxC、OprM)、外膜蛋白(OpmB、OpmD)及物种特异性基因(Klebsiella_pneumoniae_KpnH、Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_soxR)等。30株对大环内酯类抗生素耐药的Bp菌株均检出23S rRNA的A2047G突变,而所有对大环内酯类抗生素敏感的菌株,其23S rRNA中均未发现该突变。
本研究中的36株Bp菌株经分型均属于ST-2型,其7个管家基因的等位基因型别为adk-1、fumC-1、glyA-1、tyrB-3、icd-1、pepA-1及pgm-1。
36株Bp菌株被分为21个带型(图2),其Dice相似性指数为82%~100.0%,将相似度在90%以上的作为一个聚类簇,则36株Bp可以分为A、B、C、D、E五个聚类簇。2017—2018年的菌株大多分在A、B、D、E簇(除BP3、BP7外),而2023—2024年的菌株均在C簇,与2017—2018年的PFGE型别不一致。C簇的优势带型为BPX10型(BP18、BP19、BP23、BP24、BP25、BP30、BP34)和BPX11型(BP3、BP22、BP27、BP28、BP29、BP31、BP32),除BP3、BP7外均为耐大环内酯类菌株;D簇(BP4、BP5、BP9)菌株均对大环内酯类抗生素敏感。
百日咳是威胁人类健康的主要传染病之一,也是20世纪50年代前儿童发病和死亡的主要原因[15]。2011年以来耐大环内酯类百日咳鲍特菌(Macrolide- resistant Bordetella pertussis, MRBP)流行率居高不下[6,16-17]。《中国百日咳诊疗与预防指南》[18]虽仍将阿奇霉素等大环内酯类抗生素作为首选,但对于耐药或治疗无效病例,明确推荐复方磺胺甲噁唑作为2月龄以上儿童及成人的首选替代药物。本次研究结果显示贵州省Bp菌株对大环内酯类抗生素(红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素)耐药率达83.3%,且有随时间耐药率增加的趋势,与近年来国内文献报道的百日咳鲍特菌对大环内酯类抗生素耐药性普遍升高的趋势一致[6,17,19],也再次佐证我国百日咳诊疗方案适时更新的必然性。相关研究发现大环内酯类耐药性可能由两种机制引起[20]:23S rRNA基因突变导致结构变化、获得红霉素耐药甲基化酶基因erm导致高水平的耐药。本次研究的Bp菌株中未发现erm基因存在,但在所有大环内酯类抗生素耐药株中均检出23S rRNA基因A2047G位点突变,与国内多地报道一致[6,11,21],进一步印证23S rRNA基因A2047G位点突变可能是百日咳鲍特菌对大环内酯类抗生素产生耐药性的主要机制。本研究发现,58.3%的Bp菌株对复方新诺明敏感,41.7%为中介,这与国内外既往多数研究报道的Bp菌株对该药物敏感率为100%的结果存在明显差异[6,22],值得注意的是,Cai等[21]2025年发表的最新多中心研究也报告了类似趋势,其结果显示48.0%的分离株对复方新诺明敏感,52.0%为中介。这一发现提示中国当前流行的Bp菌株对复方新诺明的敏感性可能正在下降,其机制可能与细菌基因组的演化或抗生素选择压力有关,值得进一步监测与研究。本研究中检出的复方新诺明中介株在不同年龄段人群均有分布,在3~10岁年龄组携带率最高,这可能与该年龄段人群的易发生呼吸道感染、易不规范使用抗生素等因素有关,需要引起重点关注。Bp菌株对β-内酰胺类抗生素(氨苄西林、头孢曲松、美罗培南)、喹诺酮类抗生素(环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星)和氨基糖苷类抗生素(庆大霉素)等其它非大环内酯类抗生素,表现出高度敏感性,MIC值普遍较低(0.023~1 mg/L),提示此类药物对Bp菌株具有较强的抑制作用,可备选为治疗或预防性用药。
在百日咳的研究与防控中,分子分型技术是监控百日咳鲍特菌群体分子水平变化的重要工具,为了解其基因多态性及进化特征提供了关键支撑。本研究MLST分析结果显示,贵州Bp流行株(ST-2型)与中国疫苗株CS(ST-1型)和国际疫苗株TohamaI(ST-1型)ST型别不同,但与近年国内外流行的优势型别一致[6,23]。本次研究PFGE分型结果显示,36株Bp菌株可分为21个带型,提示贵州Bp菌株呈现遗传多样性。在时间分布上,2017—2018年菌株多分布于A、B、D、E簇,而2023—2024年菌株均集中于C簇,这一趋势与国内外多项研究报道的百日咳鲍特菌优势流行克隆发生演替的现象相一致[24-25]。在耐药特征上,C簇中2023—2024年菌株(除BP3、BP7外)均为耐大环内酯类菌株,结合聚类簇基因型特征,反映出近期流行的耐大环内酯类Bp菌株,遗传背景已与早期菌株明显分化。提示贵州省Bp菌株流行型别已发生特征性演变,这一演变趋势可能与菌株传播动态、抗生素选择压力及宿主暴露环境变化密切相关。在传播优势上,C簇中的BPX11亚型自2017年存续至2024年,说明BPX11亚型菌株的核心遗传特征高度稳定,其可成为优势流行株,能在人群中长期存续传播。在地区分布上,D簇菌株均来自贵阳市某一区,相似度达95.5%,提示该簇菌株或有共同传播链、起源。此外,亚型BPX01在2018年不同月份(BP6于1月,BP12于9月)均有检出,表明同一克隆株可在局部地区长期传播,其流行可能由隐性感染个体维持。这一发现提示贵州省百日咳鲍特菌流行亟需建立基于分子分型的耐药监测体系,推动临床经验性治疗策略调整,减少大环内酯类药物依赖;同时加强优势耐药克隆的时空动态追踪,及时阻断传播链。
本研究仍存在一定局限性:由于培养要求严苛,加之临床病例诊断普遍采用核酸检测法,基层实验室条件有限等诸多影响Bp菌株成功分离的因素存在,导致Bp菌株获取困难,因此本研究纳入菌株未覆盖全省,2019—2022年新冠疫情期间菌株收集存在空白,导致监测时间连续性不足、研究结果代表性不够。今后将持续开展百日咳病原学监测,通过扩大样本量、开展多中心研究深入解析耐药机制及流行特征,加强对贵州省百日咳流行株的抗生素敏感性监测和分子流行病学研究,为贵州省百日咳临床治疗方案优化、耐药性监测及防控策略制定提供科学依据。
  • 公共卫生人才培养支持项目(国疾控综人函[2024]122)
  • 贵州省微生物组与传染性疾病防控重点实验室(黔科合平台人才-ZDSYS[2023]004)
  • 重要病原微生物的基础与应用研究(黔科合中引地[2025]024)
  • 贵州省卫生计生委科学技术基金项目(gzwjkj2018-1-068)
  • 基于MCDA-LFB 技术的百日咳鲍特菌快速检测方法在百日咳病例诊断中的应用(贵州省疾病预防控制中心)(2023-11技)
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2025年第52卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508314
  • 接收时间:2025-08-21
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-21
基金
公共卫生人才培养支持项目(国疾控综人函[2024]122)
贵州省微生物组与传染性疾病防控重点实验室(黔科合平台人才-ZDSYS[2023]004)
重要病原微生物的基础与应用研究(黔科合中引地[2025]024)
贵州省卫生计生委科学技术基金项目(gzwjkj2018-1-068)
基于MCDA-LFB 技术的百日咳鲍特菌快速检测方法在百日咳病例诊断中的应用(贵州省疾病预防控制中心)(2023-11技)
作者信息
    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.贵州省疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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