Article(id=1324078335990575158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508254, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755360000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614475486, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614475486, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614475486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614475486, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078333767594037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614474956, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614571752, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=13, endPage=19, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078336217067575, articleId=1324078335990575158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Multimorbidity of common chronic non-communicable diseases and its influencing factors among male detoxification addicts under compulsory isolation in Yunnan Province, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of multimorbidity of five chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and its influencing factors among male detoxification addicts under compulsory isolations in Yunnan Province.

Methods

The multistage random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1 021 male detoxification addicts under compulsory isolation from compulsory detoxification centers in Yunnan Province, and each participant received on-site questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. The Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the influencing factors of multimorbidity of five chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Results

Among the study population, the prevalence of individuals who suffered from chronic NCDs mutimorbidity was 6.6%. The results of the SEM analysis indicated that age, sleep quality, and self-rated health status had both direct and indirect effects on mutimorbidity of chronic NCDs, with standardized total effects of 0.474(95% CI: 0.290-0.680), 0.257 (95% CI: 0.076-0.486), and 0.293 (95% CI: 0.130-0.483), respectively. Age had an indirect effect through mental health and self-rated health on chronic NCDs mutimorbidity, with standardized indirect effects of 0.046(95% CI: 0.016-0.095), and 0.066 (95% CI: 0.033-0.103), respectively. Sleep quality had an indirect effect through mental health and self-rated health, with standardized indirect effects of 0.043 (95% CI: 0.018-0.081), and 0.033 (95% CI: 0.015-0.058), respectively. Self-rated health status had an indirect effect through mental health, with standardized indirect effects of 0.073 (95% CI: 0.033-0.138). Mental health and central obesity had direct effect on chronic NCDs mutimorbidity, with standardized direct effects of 0.229 (95% CI: 0.111-0.348), 0.198 (95% CI: 0.085-0.310), respectively.

Conclusion

The findings suggest future measures to strengthen the prevention, control, and management of chronic NCDs should focus more on male detoxification addicts who are older and have poor sleep quality, poor mental health, central obesity, and poor self-rated health, to reduce the risk of NCD multimorbidity.

, authors=Xi-min LI1, 2, Chun-yi RUAN1, 2, Rui-min SHI1, 2, Qing-rou BAO1, 2, Fan GU1, 2, Li CHEN1, 2, Le CAI1, 2, authorsList=Xi-min LI, Chun-yi RUAN, Rui-min SHI, Qing-rou BAO, Fan GU, Li CHEN, Le CAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Le CAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078336795881530, articleId=1324078335990575158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=云南省男性强制戒毒人员常见慢性病共病现状及影响因素研究, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析云南省男性强制戒毒人员五种慢性病(高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中和慢性阻塞性肺病)共病现状及影响因素。

方法

采用多阶段随机整群抽样的方式,抽取云南省1 021名男性戒毒人员进行现场问卷调查和体格检查,并运用结构方程模型(structure equation modeling, SEM)分析五种慢性病共病的影响因素。

结果

调查人群慢性病共病率为6.6%。SEM分析结果显示,年龄、睡眠质量和自评健康状况均会对慢性病共病产生直接和间接效应,其标准化总效应分别为0.474(95% CI:0.290~0.680)、0.257(95% CI:0.076~0.486)和0.293(95% CI:0.130~0.483);其中年龄通过心理健康问题和自评健康状况产生间接效应,其标准化间接效应分别为0.046(95% CI:0.016~0.095)、0.066(95% CI:0.033~0.103);睡眠质量通过心理健康问题和自评健康状况产生间接效应,其标准化间接效应分别为0.043(95% CI: 0.018~0.081)、0.033(95% CI:0.015~0.058);自评健康状况通过心理健康问题产生间接效应,其标准化间接效应为0.073(95% CI:0.033~0.138);心理健康问题和中心性肥胖对慢性病共病产生直接效应,其标准化直接效应分别为0.229(95% CI:0.111~0.348)、0.198(95% CI:0.085~0.310)。

结论

应该加强年龄较大、睡眠质量差、有心理健康问题、中心性肥胖和自评健康状况差的男性戒毒人员慢性病的防控和管理,降低多种慢性病共病的患病风险。

, authors=李熙敏1, 2, 阮春怡1, 2, 史睿敏1, 2, 保清柔1, 2, 顾帆1, 2, 陈莉1, 2, 蔡乐1, 2, authorsList=李熙敏, 阮春怡, 史睿敏, 保清柔, 顾帆, 陈莉, 蔡乐, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蔡乐, authorNote=

李熙敏(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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蔡乐,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FkhPHP+ZR/UfOeftif1hQg==, magXml=1vpWXkdOcZwiwHSr5MXIOQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=aRk/M1L00GyOHEv/Dkukdw==, pdfFileSize=744621, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=GOLpvYw217bpbFP8nNtY3A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=pPLhnX0/N6h9EoLY3xPcsw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324078337206923329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324078337303392324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, authorId=1324078337206923329, language=EN, stringName=Xi-min LI, firstName=Xi-min, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence and Rehabilitation, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324078337370501189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, authorId=1324078337206923329, language=CN, stringName=李熙敏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.国家卫健委毒品依赖和戒治重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500
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李熙敏(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(10): 1193-1199,1206.(In Chinese)in Chinese), articleTitle=The current status and influencing factors of multiple chronic conditions among the elderly aged 60 and above in Gansu province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078344895082617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, awardId=KN202419, language=CN, fundingSource=国家卫健委毒品依赖和戒治重点实验室(昆明医科大学)开放课题(KN202419), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324078344970580090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, awardId=2024XKTDTS16, language=CN, fundingSource=昆明医科大学一流学科团队(2024XKTDTS16), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324078345058660475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, awardId=2025S155, language=CN, fundingSource=昆明医科大学硕士研究生创新基金(2025S155), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078337013985339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078337022373948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, companyId=1324078337013985339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence and Rehabilitation, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078337030762557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, companyId=1324078337013985339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.国家卫健委毒品依赖和戒治重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078337093677118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078337123037247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, companyId=1324078337093677118, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650500)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078342235893874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Structural equation modelling of factors influencing the prevalence of multimorbidity of five chronic NCDs among male detoxification addicts under compulsory isolations, figureFileSmall=1PHihzp3zAr2a7QWFkd2Iw==, figureFileBig=GOLpvYw217bpbFP8nNtY3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078342537883763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, language=CN, label=图1, caption=男性强制戒毒人员五种慢性病共病影响因素的结构方程模型

注:图中路径上数值均为标准化路径系数;*表示P<0.05;**表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=1PHihzp3zAr2a7QWFkd2Iw==, figureFileBig=GOLpvYw217bpbFP8nNtY3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078342827290741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Prevalence and multimorbidity of five chronic NCDs among male detoxification addicts under compulsory isolations [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征高血压糖尿病冠心病脑卒中慢性阻塞性肺病慢性病共病
年龄(岁)
18~246(13.3)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.00(0.0)
25~34103(33.7)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)2(0.7)1(0.3)
35~44130(39.9)12(3.7)4(1.2)2(0.6)2(0.6)11(3.4)
45~54141(58.8)13(5.4)10(4.2)4(1.7)8(3.3)27(11.3)
55~6466(73.3)12(13.3)8(8.9)6(6.7)8(8.9)21(23.3)
≥6513(92.9)**2(14.3)**2(14.3)**1(7.1)**4(28.6)**7(50.0)**
民族
汉族279(46.7)21(3.5)19(3.2)*9(1.5)11(1.8)41(6.9)
少数民族180(42.5)18(4.2)5(1.2)4(0.9)13(3.1)26(6.1)
居住地
农村356(43.3)29(3.5)13(1.6)10(1.2)19(2.3)47(5.7)
城市103(52.0)*10(5.1)11(5.6)*3(1.5)5(2.5)20(10.1)*
受教育程度
文盲73(51.4)6(4.2)4(2.8)5(3.5)*7(4.9)*12(8.5)
小学及以上386(43.9)33(3.8)20(2.3)8(0.9)17(1.9)55(6.3)
睡眠质量
好127(46.0)5(1.8)2(0.7)0(0.0)4(1.4)10(3.6)
差332(44.6)34(4.6)*22(3.0)*13(1.7)*20(2.7)57(7.7)*
焦虑
否406(43.7)30(3.2)16(1.7)9(1.0)21(2.3)48(5.2)
是53(58.2)*9(9.9)*8(8.8)**4(4.4)*3(3.3)19(20.9)**
抑郁
否420(44.2)32(3.4)22(2.3)11(1.2)22(2.3)57(6.0)
是39(55.7)7(10.0)*2(2.9)2(2.9)2(2.9)10(14.3)*
肥胖
否397(42.4)37(4.0)19(2.0)11(1.2)24(2.6)61(6.5)
是62(72.9)**2(2.4)5(5.9)*2(2.4)0(0.0)6(7.1)
中心性肥胖
否218(35.8)15(2.5)12(2.0)4(0.7)12(2.0)30(4.9)
是241(58.5)**24(5.8)*12(2.9)9(2.2)*12(2.9)37(9.0)*
自评健康状况
好29(35.4)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)1(1.2)0(0.0)
一般335(42.5)16(2.0)9(1.1)5(0.6)11(1.4)30(3.8)
差95(63.3)**23(15.3)**15(10.0)**8(5.3)**12(8.0)**37(24.7)**
吸毒数量(种)
1346(46.1)33(4.4)18(2.4)8(1.1)22(2.9)53(7.1)
≥2113(41.7)6(2.2)6(2.2)5(1.8)2(0.7)14(5.2)
吸毒年限(年)
≤559(40.7)7(4.8)2(1.4)2(1.4)3(2.1)7(4.8)
6~15218(41.3)14(2.7)10(1.9)4(0.8)8(1.5)26(4.9)
16~2577(40.3)8(4.2)3(1.6)2(1.0)5(2.6)10(5.2)
≥26105(66.9)**10(6.4)9(5.7)5(3.2)8(5.1)24(15.3)**
合计459(45.0)39(3.8)24(2.4)13(1.3)24(2.4)67(6.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078344496623734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

男性强制戒毒人员五种慢性病患病及共病情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征高血压糖尿病冠心病脑卒中慢性阻塞性肺病慢性病共病
年龄(岁)
18~246(13.3)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.00(0.0)
25~34103(33.7)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)2(0.7)1(0.3)
35~44130(39.9)12(3.7)4(1.2)2(0.6)2(0.6)11(3.4)
45~54141(58.8)13(5.4)10(4.2)4(1.7)8(3.3)27(11.3)
55~6466(73.3)12(13.3)8(8.9)6(6.7)8(8.9)21(23.3)
≥6513(92.9)**2(14.3)**2(14.3)**1(7.1)**4(28.6)**7(50.0)**
民族
汉族279(46.7)21(3.5)19(3.2)*9(1.5)11(1.8)41(6.9)
少数民族180(42.5)18(4.2)5(1.2)4(0.9)13(3.1)26(6.1)
居住地
农村356(43.3)29(3.5)13(1.6)10(1.2)19(2.3)47(5.7)
城市103(52.0)*10(5.1)11(5.6)*3(1.5)5(2.5)20(10.1)*
受教育程度
文盲73(51.4)6(4.2)4(2.8)5(3.5)*7(4.9)*12(8.5)
小学及以上386(43.9)33(3.8)20(2.3)8(0.9)17(1.9)55(6.3)
睡眠质量
好127(46.0)5(1.8)2(0.7)0(0.0)4(1.4)10(3.6)
差332(44.6)34(4.6)*22(3.0)*13(1.7)*20(2.7)57(7.7)*
焦虑
否406(43.7)30(3.2)16(1.7)9(1.0)21(2.3)48(5.2)
是53(58.2)*9(9.9)*8(8.8)**4(4.4)*3(3.3)19(20.9)**
抑郁
否420(44.2)32(3.4)22(2.3)11(1.2)22(2.3)57(6.0)
是39(55.7)7(10.0)*2(2.9)2(2.9)2(2.9)10(14.3)*
肥胖
否397(42.4)37(4.0)19(2.0)11(1.2)24(2.6)61(6.5)
是62(72.9)**2(2.4)5(5.9)*2(2.4)0(0.0)6(7.1)
中心性肥胖
否218(35.8)15(2.5)12(2.0)4(0.7)12(2.0)30(4.9)
是241(58.5)**24(5.8)*12(2.9)9(2.2)*12(2.9)37(9.0)*
自评健康状况
好29(35.4)0(0.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)1(1.2)0(0.0)
一般335(42.5)16(2.0)9(1.1)5(0.6)11(1.4)30(3.8)
差95(63.3)**23(15.3)**15(10.0)**8(5.3)**12(8.0)**37(24.7)**
吸毒数量(种)
1346(46.1)33(4.4)18(2.4)8(1.1)22(2.9)53(7.1)
≥2113(41.7)6(2.2)6(2.2)5(1.8)2(0.7)14(5.2)
吸毒年限(年)
≤559(40.7)7(4.8)2(1.4)2(1.4)3(2.1)7(4.8)
6~15218(41.3)14(2.7)10(1.9)4(0.8)8(1.5)26(4.9)
16~2577(40.3)8(4.2)3(1.6)2(1.0)5(2.6)10(5.2)
≥26105(66.9)**10(6.4)9(5.7)5(3.2)8(5.1)24(15.3)**
合计459(45.0)39(3.8)24(2.4)13(1.3)24(2.4)67(6.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078344614064247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The effects and pathways of five influencing factors on the multimorbidity of chronic NCDs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量路径直接效应 β(95%CI)路径间接效应β(95%CI)总效应β(95%CI)
年龄年龄→慢性病共病0.362(0.254~0.456)**年龄→心理健康问题→慢性病共病0.046(0.016~0.095)*0.474(0.290~0.680)**
年龄→自评健康状况→慢性病共病0.066(0.033~0.103)**
睡眠质量睡眠质量→慢性病共病0.181(0.054~0.328)*睡眠质量→心理健康问题→慢性病共病0.043(0.018~0.081)*0.257(0.076~0.486)*
睡眠质量→自评健康状况→慢性病共病0.033(0.015~0.058)*
心理健康问题心理健康问题→慢性病共病0.229(0.111~0.348)**0.229(0.111~0.348)**
中心性肥胖中心性肥胖→慢性病共病0.198(0.085~0.310)*0.198(0.085~0.310)*
自评健康状况自评健康状况→慢性病共病0.220(0.110~0.325)**自评健康状况→心理健康问题→慢性病共病0.073(0.033~0.138)**0.293(0.130~0.483)**
), ArticleFig(id=1324078344744087672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078335990575158, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

五种影响因素对慢性病共病影响的效应及作用路径

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量路径直接效应 β(95%CI)路径间接效应β(95%CI)总效应β(95%CI)
年龄年龄→慢性病共病0.362(0.254~0.456)**年龄→心理健康问题→慢性病共病0.046(0.016~0.095)*0.474(0.290~0.680)**
年龄→自评健康状况→慢性病共病0.066(0.033~0.103)**
睡眠质量睡眠质量→慢性病共病0.181(0.054~0.328)*睡眠质量→心理健康问题→慢性病共病0.043(0.018~0.081)*0.257(0.076~0.486)*
睡眠质量→自评健康状况→慢性病共病0.033(0.015~0.058)*
心理健康问题心理健康问题→慢性病共病0.229(0.111~0.348)**0.229(0.111~0.348)**
中心性肥胖中心性肥胖→慢性病共病0.198(0.085~0.310)*0.198(0.085~0.310)*
自评健康状况自评健康状况→慢性病共病0.220(0.110~0.325)**自评健康状况→心理健康问题→慢性病共病0.073(0.033~0.138)**0.293(0.130~0.483)**
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云南省男性强制戒毒人员常见慢性病共病现状及影响因素研究
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李熙敏 1, 2 , 阮春怡 1, 2 , 史睿敏 1, 2 , 保清柔 1, 2 , 顾帆 1, 2 , 陈莉 1, 2 , 蔡乐 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(1): 13-19
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (1) : 13 -19
云南省男性强制戒毒人员常见慢性病共病现状及影响因素研究
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李熙敏(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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李熙敏1, 2, 阮春怡1, 2, 史睿敏1, 2, 保清柔1, 2, 顾帆1, 2, 陈莉1, 2, 蔡乐1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.国家卫健委毒品依赖和戒治重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500
  • 2.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650500
通讯作者:
蔡乐,E-mail:
作者简介:

李熙敏(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

Multimorbidity of common chronic non-communicable diseases and its influencing factors among male detoxification addicts under compulsory isolation in Yunnan Province
Xi-min LI1, 2, Chun-yi RUAN1, 2, Rui-min SHI1, 2, Qing-rou BAO1, 2, Fan GU1, 2, Li CHEN1, 2, Le CAI1, 2
Affiliations
  • National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence and Rehabilitation, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508254
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目的

分析云南省男性强制戒毒人员五种慢性病(高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中和慢性阻塞性肺病)共病现状及影响因素。

方法

采用多阶段随机整群抽样的方式,抽取云南省1 021名男性戒毒人员进行现场问卷调查和体格检查,并运用结构方程模型(structure equation modeling, SEM)分析五种慢性病共病的影响因素。

结果

调查人群慢性病共病率为6.6%。SEM分析结果显示,年龄、睡眠质量和自评健康状况均会对慢性病共病产生直接和间接效应,其标准化总效应分别为0.474(95% CI:0.290~0.680)、0.257(95% CI:0.076~0.486)和0.293(95% CI:0.130~0.483);其中年龄通过心理健康问题和自评健康状况产生间接效应,其标准化间接效应分别为0.046(95% CI:0.016~0.095)、0.066(95% CI:0.033~0.103);睡眠质量通过心理健康问题和自评健康状况产生间接效应,其标准化间接效应分别为0.043(95% CI: 0.018~0.081)、0.033(95% CI:0.015~0.058);自评健康状况通过心理健康问题产生间接效应,其标准化间接效应为0.073(95% CI:0.033~0.138);心理健康问题和中心性肥胖对慢性病共病产生直接效应,其标准化直接效应分别为0.229(95% CI:0.111~0.348)、0.198(95% CI:0.085~0.310)。

结论

应该加强年龄较大、睡眠质量差、有心理健康问题、中心性肥胖和自评健康状况差的男性戒毒人员慢性病的防控和管理,降低多种慢性病共病的患病风险。

强制戒毒人员  /  慢性病共病  /  影响因素  /  结构方程模型
Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of multimorbidity of five chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and its influencing factors among male detoxification addicts under compulsory isolations in Yunnan Province.

Methods

The multistage random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1 021 male detoxification addicts under compulsory isolation from compulsory detoxification centers in Yunnan Province, and each participant received on-site questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. The Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the influencing factors of multimorbidity of five chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Results

Among the study population, the prevalence of individuals who suffered from chronic NCDs mutimorbidity was 6.6%. The results of the SEM analysis indicated that age, sleep quality, and self-rated health status had both direct and indirect effects on mutimorbidity of chronic NCDs, with standardized total effects of 0.474(95% CI: 0.290-0.680), 0.257 (95% CI: 0.076-0.486), and 0.293 (95% CI: 0.130-0.483), respectively. Age had an indirect effect through mental health and self-rated health on chronic NCDs mutimorbidity, with standardized indirect effects of 0.046(95% CI: 0.016-0.095), and 0.066 (95% CI: 0.033-0.103), respectively. Sleep quality had an indirect effect through mental health and self-rated health, with standardized indirect effects of 0.043 (95% CI: 0.018-0.081), and 0.033 (95% CI: 0.015-0.058), respectively. Self-rated health status had an indirect effect through mental health, with standardized indirect effects of 0.073 (95% CI: 0.033-0.138). Mental health and central obesity had direct effect on chronic NCDs mutimorbidity, with standardized direct effects of 0.229 (95% CI: 0.111-0.348), 0.198 (95% CI: 0.085-0.310), respectively.

Conclusion

The findings suggest future measures to strengthen the prevention, control, and management of chronic NCDs should focus more on male detoxification addicts who are older and have poor sleep quality, poor mental health, central obesity, and poor self-rated health, to reduce the risk of NCD multimorbidity.

Detoxification addicts under compulsory isolation  /  Multimorbidity of chronic non-communicable diseases  /  Influencing factors  /  Structural equation modeling
李熙敏, 阮春怡, 史睿敏, 保清柔, 顾帆, 陈莉, 蔡乐. 云南省男性强制戒毒人员常见慢性病共病现状及影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (1) : 13 -19 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508254
Xi-min LI, Chun-yi RUAN, Rui-min SHI, Qing-rou BAO, Fan GU, Li CHEN, Le CAI. Multimorbidity of common chronic non-communicable diseases and its influencing factors among male detoxification addicts under compulsory isolation in Yunnan Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (1) : 13 -19 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508254
长期滥用药物可能导致机体多器官和系统损伤,免疫力降低,神经递质紊乱、内分泌代谢失调,多种慢性病的患病风险增加,疾病负担增大,生命质量降低[1]。大量研究显示,阿片类药物和甲基苯丙胺等药物滥用与心血管疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病、睡眠问题、心理和精神疾病等相关[2-6]。有研究显示失眠、昼夜节律紊乱等睡眠问题可能损害前额叶皮层、纹状体、杏仁核等皮质边缘回路的功能,奖励相关神经调节受损,生物节律紊乱,从而影响焦虑和抑郁等负面情绪的调节[7],而睡眠问题、焦虑和抑郁均可能导致皮质醇升高,交感神经持续兴奋,慢性炎症加重,心血管疾病的患病风险增加[8-9]。某种慢性病的患病也会影响其它慢性病的发生、发展和恶化,如长期高血压可能引起血管内皮损伤和脑部血流改变,可能增加冠心病、脑卒中等心血管疾病的发生风险及严重程度[10-11]。强制戒毒人员因长期药物滥用,常伴有睡眠质量差、焦虑和抑郁等慢性病危险因素,这些因素相互交织、相互影响,易形成恶性循环,增加慢性病患病的风险[5-9]。迄今尚缺乏强制戒毒人群常见慢性病及共病流行情况的大样本流行病学调查。本研究采用结构方程模型分析男性强制戒毒人员慢性病共病的影响因素,可以为该人群慢性病“多病同防,多病共管”提供重要参考。
本研究采用多阶段整群抽样。首先,根据地理方位,云南省18个男性强制隔离戒毒所被划分为中部、北部、南部、西部和东部五个区域,在每个区域按照比例概率抽样(probability proportional to size sampling, PPS)抽取1个戒毒所,共抽取5个戒毒所。其次采用整群抽样,将抽取的每个戒毒所符合标准的男性强制戒毒人员均纳入调查。最终纳入调查的样本总量为1 021人,其中中部、北部、南部、西部和东部区域戒毒所的样本量分别为111、206、340、256和108人。纳入标准:自愿参加本研究并签署知情同意书;排除标准:语言障碍,无法有效沟通的戒毒人员。本研究经昆明医科大学伦理委员会审查批准(KMMU2024MEC241)。
在戒毒所医务人员的协调和帮助下,由经过统一培训的调查员进行面对面问卷调查。由昆明医科大学第一附属医院的医生进行体格检查。
问卷调查内容:基本人口学特征(年龄、民族、居住地和受教育程度等),吸毒数量和吸毒年限,睡眠质量、焦虑、抑郁、自评健康状况以及五种慢性病患病情况(高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中、慢性阻塞性肺病)等。体格检查的内容包括:身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压、血糖和肺功能。
(1)睡眠质量:采用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)[12]评价戒毒人员的睡眠质量,该量表包括18个条目,组成7个维度,包括:主观睡眠时间、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物和日间功能障碍,每个维度0~3分,总分范围0~21分,≤7分表示睡眠质量好,>7分表示睡眠质量差。本研究的Cronbach α系数为0.72。(2)焦虑:采用焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)[13]评价戒毒人员的焦虑症状,该量表包括20个条目,每个条目0~4分,正向条目正向记分,负向条目反向记分,20个条目得分相加为粗分,粗分乘以1.25得到标准总分。<50分为无焦虑症状,≥50分为存在焦虑症状。本研究的Cronbach α系数为0.74。(3)抑郁:采用抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale, SDS)[14]评价戒毒人员的抑郁症状,该量表包括20个条目,每个条目0~4分,正向条目正向记分,负向条目反向记分,20个条目得分相加为粗分,粗分乘以1.25得到标准总分。<53分为无抑郁症状,≥53分为存在抑郁症状。本研究的Cronbach α系数为0.84。(4)肥胖:根据中国成人肥胖的判断标准,身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)=体重(kg)/身高的二次方(m2),BMI≥28 kg/m2判断为肥胖。(5)中心性肥胖:男性腰围≥90 cm判定为中心性肥胖。(6)高血压:既往乡镇及以上医疗机构诊断为高血压;未服用降压药的情况下,收缩压≥140 mm Hg和/或舒张压≥90 mm Hg。(7)糖尿病:既往乡镇及以上医疗机构诊断为糖尿病;未服用降糖药的情况下,空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L,随机血糖或餐后2 h血糖≥11.1 mmol/L。(8)冠心病和脑卒中:既往乡镇及以上医疗机构诊断结果判断。(9)慢性阻塞性肺病:既往乡镇及以上医疗机构诊断为慢性阻塞性肺病;肺功能检查一秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)/用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)<70%,吸入沙丁胺醇300 ug后15 min,再次测量,结果仍为FEV1/FVC<70%,则诊断为慢性阻塞性肺病。(10)慢性病共病:根据世界卫生组织的定义,本研究指同时患有高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中和慢性阻塞性肺病中的两种及以上慢性病。(11)自评健康状况[15]:是个体对自身健康状况的主观综合性的评价。本研究采用1~6级评分对总体健康状况进行评价,①非常好、②很好、③好、④一般、⑤差、⑥很差;把①~③合并为“好”,④为“一般”,⑤和⑥合并为“差”。
采用Epidata 3.1软件进行数据双录入,SPSS 24.0进行数据整理和分析,计数资料采用频数和百分比描述,不同组间慢性病及共病患病率的比较采用χ2检验(等级资料采用趋势χ2检验)。采用Mplus 8.3构建结构方程模型(structural equation modeling,SEM),由于慢性病共病与否为二分类结局变量,故采用均值方差调整加权最小二乘法(weighted least squares with mean and variance adjusted,WLSMV)进行参数估计,卡方自由度比(χ2/v)、近似误差均方根(root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA)、标准化残差均方根(standardized root mean square residual, SRMR)、比较拟合指数(comparative fit index,CFI)、非标准拟合指数(Tucker-Lewis index,TLI)对模型拟合效果进行评价,bootstrap法(抽样次数为5 000)检验路径效应,检验水准α=0.05。
本次回收问卷1 021份。年龄在18~24岁者45人(4.4%),25~34岁者306人(30.0%),35~44岁者326人(31.9%),45~54岁者240人(23.5%),55~64岁者90人(8.8%),≥65岁者14人(1.4%);汉族597人(58.5%),少数民族424人(41.5%);居住地在农村者823人(80.6%),城市者198人(19.4%);受教育程度为文盲者142人(13.9%),小学及以上者879人(86.1%);使用一种药物者750人(73.5%),其中海洛因357人(35.0%),麻黄素272人(26.6%),冰毒75人(7.3%);使用二种及以上药物者271人(26.5%);吸毒年限<5年者145人(14.2%),6~15年者528人(51.7%),16~25年者191人(18.7%),≥26年者157人(15.4%)。
调查人群高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中和慢性阻塞性肺病患病率分别为45.0%、3.8%、2.4%、1.3%和2.4%。患有一种慢性病者414人(40.5%),慢性病共病者67人(6.6%)。年龄越大、居住地在城市、睡眠质量差、焦虑、抑郁、中心性肥胖、自评健康状况更差、吸毒年限更长者慢性病共病率更高(均P<0.05)。见表1。
由于因变量“慢性病共病与否”是分类变量,故采用WLSMV法进行参数估计。根据慢性病共病的相关文献研究结果,结合专业知识,将本研究中单因素分析与慢性病共病有相关关系的因素纳入SEM。以慢性病共病为内源性观测变量;年龄、居住地、睡眠质量、心理健康问题、中心性肥胖、自评健康状况和吸毒年限为外源性观测变量。构建初始模型,删除不显著路径:居住地→慢性病共病,吸毒年限→慢性病共病。根据修正指标对模型进行修正,χ2=12.562,v=8,χ2/v=1.570,P=0.127 8(>0.05);RMSEA=0.024(<0.05);SRMR=0.047(<0.05),CFI=0.988(>0.9);TLI=0.969(>0.9),最终模型拟合指标达到适配标准,模型拟合良好。见图1。
结果显示,年龄对慢性病共病有直接效应(β=0.362,95% CI:0.254~0.456),并通过心理健康问题(β=0.046,95% CI:0.016~0.095)和自评健康状况(β=0.066,95% CI:0.033~0.103)产生间接效应;睡眠质量差对慢性病共病有直接效应(β=0.181, 95% CI:0.054~0.328),并通过心理健康问题(β=0.043, 95% CI:0.018~0.081)和自评健康状况(β=0.033,95% CI:0.015~0.058)产生间接效应;心理健康问题(β= 0.229,95% CI:0.111~0.348)和中心性肥胖(β=0.198,95% CI:0.085~0.310)对慢性病共病只有直接效应。自评健康状况对慢性病共病有直接效应(β=0.220,95% CI:0.110~0.325),并通过心理健康问题产生间接效应(β=0.073,95% CI:0.033~0.138)。见图1,表2。
本研究显示,男性强制戒毒人员高血压患病率最高,为45.0%,高于云南省成年男性居民的35.3%[16],也高于安徽强制戒毒人员的19.52%[17],但低于美国药物滥用人群的55.29%[18]。这可能与不同地区药物滥用人员的年龄分布、用药类型和吸毒年限等因素存在差异有关。提示应该重点关注戒毒人群高血压的防控和管理。
本研究结果显示,40.5%的调查对象患有一种慢性病,慢性病共病率为6.6%。虽然有研究显示药物使用障碍会增加多种慢性病的患病风险[19],但是长期药物滥用对慢性病共病的影响并不十分清楚。
SEM分析结果显示,年龄越大者慢性病共病的患病率越高,与既往研究一致[20]。年龄还可以通过心理健康问题和自评健康状况对慢性病共病产生间接效应。年龄越大的戒毒人员吸毒年限可能更长,身心健康状况更差,更可能出现生理-心理-社会因素的交互放大效应,多种慢性病共病的可能性更大。
睡眠质量差是慢性病共病的危险因素,与既往研究一致[21]。此外,睡眠质量还可以通过心理健康问题和自评健康状况对慢性病共病产生间接效应,强制戒毒人员睡眠问题比较突出[5],而失眠、昼夜节律紊乱,整体睡眠质量差会增加焦虑和抑郁等心理问题发生和恶化的风险[7,22],进而影响慢性病共病。睡眠质量差者压力和躯体不适的感知更加敏感,可能伴随应激反应,内分泌失调和免疫力下降等生理损伤,自我健康状况的评价更差[23],慢性病共病风险更高。
心理健康问题对慢性病共病具有直接正效应。强制戒毒人员的心理健康状况较普通人群更差[6],其焦虑和抑郁症状等心理健康问题可能诱发神经递质失调、神经系统功能紊乱,慢性炎症和免疫力降低等生理功能紊乱,心血管疾病和糖尿病等多种慢性病患病和共病的风险增加[9,22]。
中心性肥胖会增加慢性病共病的风险,与既往研究一致[24]。中心性肥胖与高血压、糖尿病和脑卒中等多种慢性病及共病有相关关系,中心性肥胖与机体慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常和和脂肪异位沉积等病理改变相关[25],促进了多种慢性病的发生和发展。既往研究显示药物滥用会引起饮食行为紊乱和代谢异常,多种慢性病的患病风险增加[26]。
自评健康状况可以对慢性病共病产生直接效应,也可以通过心理健康问题对慢性病共病产生间接效应。自评健康状况更差的戒毒人员可能身体机能减退,免疫力降低,健康素养更差,有缺乏体力活动和不健康的生活习惯等多种慢性病危险因素[27]。有研究显示,自评健康状况较差是多种慢性病及共病的预测指标[15,28]。戒毒人员因长期吸毒身心健康状况较差,情绪调节能力下降,焦虑和抑郁症状易感性增加,慢性病共病的风险增大[22]。然而,自评健康状况与慢性病共病之间是否存在相互作用,尚需进一步研究。
本研究也有一定的局限性。首先,本研究为横断面研究,不能确定研究因素与慢性病共病的因果关联。其次,本研究调查对象大多为中青年群体,未来可能需要进一步调查老年吸毒群体慢性病患病和共病情况。
综上所述,强制戒毒人群慢性病共病率为6.6%。年龄、睡眠质量、心理健康问题、中心性肥胖和自评健康状况均会对慢病共病产生直接或间接效应。因此,强制戒毒人员慢性病的防控和管理应该注重改善睡眠,提升心理健康水平,管理体重等方面,并采用综合性的干预措施降低慢性病共病的风险。
  • 国家卫健委毒品依赖和戒治重点实验室(昆明医科大学)开放课题(KN202419)
  • 昆明医科大学一流学科团队(2024XKTDTS16)
  • 昆明医科大学硕士研究生创新基金(2025S155)
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2026年第53卷第1期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508254
  • 接收时间:2025-08-17
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-17
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国家卫健委毒品依赖和戒治重点实验室(昆明医科大学)开放课题(KN202419)
昆明医科大学一流学科团队(2024XKTDTS16)
昆明医科大学硕士研究生创新基金(2025S155)
作者信息
    1.国家卫健委毒品依赖和戒治重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500
    2.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南 昆明 650500

通讯作者:

蔡乐,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508254
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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