Article(id=1324051074214134533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508118, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754841600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793607975772, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793607975772, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793607975772, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793607975772, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324050876230415089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='11', pageStart='1921', pageEnd='2112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793607928569, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670049253, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311429322507009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324050876230415089, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1935, endPage=1940, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324051074633564935, articleId=1324051074214134533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and anxiety in college students: the mediating role of rumination, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

By examining the mediating role of rumination between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety, a basis is provided for improving the mental health level of college students.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to select undergraduate students from Guangxi Medical University as the study subjects. A self-designed general information questionnaire, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) , the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Ruminative Responses Scale-Chinese Version (RRS-CV) were used to survey 1 050 college students. The Kruskal-Wallis H test and partial correlation analysis were used to examine the relationships between ACEs, general demographic information, anxiety levels, and rumination. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the model of the relationships among ACEs, rumination, and anxiety, and the bootstrap method was used to test the mediation effect.

Results

After controlling for gender and family annual income, all dimensions of ACEs were significantly positively correlated with anxiety and rumination (all P<0.001), and rumination fully mediated the relationships of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect with anxiety.

Conclusion

Rumination exerts a full mediating effect between ACEs and anxiety. Universities may reduce rumination by strengthening mental health education, thus attenuating the impact of ACEs on anxiety.

, authors=Wei BIN1, Yuan-yuan ZHANG2, Guo-li LIAO1, Xin-ling LIANG1, Zi-yi WEI3, Qiu-ling CAI1, Jun-duan WU1, 4, authorsList=Wei BIN, Yuan-yuan ZHANG, Guo-li LIAO, Xin-ling LIANG, Zi-yi WEI, Qiu-ling CAI, Jun-duan WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiu-ling CAI, Jun-duan WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324051077569577745, articleId=1324051074214134533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=大学生童年期不良经历与焦虑之间的关系——反刍思维的中介作用, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

通过分析反刍思维在童年期不良经历和焦虑之间的中介作用,为提高大学生心理健康水平提供依据。

方法

采用方便抽样方法选取广西医科大学本科生作为研究对象,采用自编的一般情况问卷、儿童虐待量表、焦虑量表、反刍思维量表中文版对1 050名大学生进行调查。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验、偏相关分析检验童年期不良经历、一般人口资料、焦虑程度、反刍思维之间的关系,采用结构方程模型分析童年期不良经历、反刍思维与焦虑的作用模型,采用bootstrap方法检验中介效应。

结果

在控制性别、家庭年收入的条件下童年期不良经历各维度与焦虑程度、反刍思维水平两两均呈显著正相关关系(均P<0.001),反刍思维在情感虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视与焦虑之间起完全中介作用。

结论

反刍思维在童年期不良经历与焦虑之间起完全中介作用,高校可以通过加强心理健康教育来降低反刍思维,从而减弱童年期不良经历对焦虑的影响。

, authors=宾薇1, 张远远2, 廖国丽1, 梁鑫灵1, 韦子怡3, 蔡秋玲1, 吴俊端1, 4, authorsList=宾薇, 张远远, 廖国丽, 梁鑫灵, 韦子怡, 蔡秋玲, 吴俊端, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蔡秋玲, 吴俊端, authorNote=

宾薇(2003—),女,本科在读,研究方向:妇幼保健医学

, correspAuthorsNote=
蔡秋玲,E-mail:;
吴俊端,E-mail:;
蔡秋玲与吴俊端为共同通信作者
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wiVMKqaGtnox+S9wpCHAyA==, magXml=dhStHlQC+6fLGgBcioNp1Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=RSJyqKIUDw0Z7AFpCeOMUg==, pdfFileSize=949341, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=/Ncx2c0uitcEnpEqgxKq0Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=4Vsg849Rc40SuEi//QskIw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324051080094548764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324051080467841822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, authorId=1324051080094548764, language=EN, stringName=Wei BIN, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=BIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324051080803386143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, authorId=1324051080094548764, language=CN, stringName=宾薇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.广西医科大学公共卫生学院,广西 南宁 530021, bio={"content":"

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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2024, 33(11): 3739-3752., articleTitle=The effect of parenting behaviours on adolescents'rumination: a systematic review of longitudinal studies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324051100613084019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=25, issue=1, pageStart=626, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Hasani M, Zenoozian S, Ahmadi R, journalName=BMC Psychiatry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hasani M, Zenoozian S, Ahmadi R, et al. Evaluating the efficacy of rumination-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in alleviating depression, negative affect, and rumination among patients with recurrent major depressive disorder: a randomized, multicenter clinical trial[J]. 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注:运用Mplus软件构建结构方程模型时,对ACEs、性别、家庭年收入三个变量进行两两相关设定;系数均为标准化路径系数,且与bootstrap中介效应检验所用系数同源(STDYX标准化,5 000次bootstrap);***表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=vaSFc6XXYki4yCwR/g43EQ==, figureFileBig=/Ncx2c0uitcEnpEqgxKq0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051088441213771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Structural equation model diagram of the mediating effect of rumination between five dimensions of adverse childhood experiences and anxiety, figureFileSmall=EY3DrPw2W4CnFQ5ggonq1A==, figureFileBig=A36nJ/VHOks1y/yjOrrW5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051088957113164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, language=CN, label=图2, caption=反刍思维在ACEs五个维度与焦虑之间的中介作用结构方程模型图

注:运用Mplus软件构建结构方程模型时,对情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视、性别、家庭年收入七个变量进行两两相关设定;系数均为标准化路径系数,且与bootstrap中介效应检验所用系数同源(STDYX标准化,5 000次bootstrap);***表示P<0.001,**表示P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=EY3DrPw2W4CnFQ5ggonq1A==, figureFileBig=A36nJ/VHOks1y/yjOrrW5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324051089603035981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistical description of gender, household registration, only child status, family annual income, dimensions of adverse childhood experiences, and rumination, and their rank-sum tests with anxiety [n(%),M (P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总分/类别人数M(P25,P75)无焦虑轻度焦虑中度焦虑重度焦虑HP值
性别男353(33.6)—204(57.8)104(29.5)36(10.2)9(2.5)6.7220.010
女697(66.4)334(47.9)268(38.5)83(11.9)12(1.7)
户口城镇户口389(37.0)—199(51.2)142(36.5)37(9.5)11(2.8)0.0180.893
农村户口661(63.0)339(51.3)230(34.8)82(12.4)10(1.5)
是否为独生子女是224(21.3)—113(50.4)80(35.7)27(12.1)4(1.8)0.0830.773
否826(78.7)425(51.5)292(35.4)92(11.1)17(2.1)
家庭年收入(万元)<10688(65.5)—331(48.1)256(37.2)86(12.5)15(2.2)8.8550.012
10~29.9319(30.4)180(56.4)104(32.6)29(9.1)6(1.9)
≥3043(4.1)27(62.8)12(27.9)4(9.3)0(0.0)
情感虐待<13981(93.4)7[5, 9]522(53.2)348(35.5)95(9.7)16(1.6)39.884<0.001
≥1369(6.6)16(23.2)24(34.8)24(34.8)5(7.2)
躯体虐待<10981(93.4)5[5, 6]517(52.7)348(35.5)99(10.1)17(1.7)22.039<0.001
≥1069(6.6)21(30.4)24(34.8)20(29.0)4(5.8)
性虐待<8951(90.6)5[5, 5]504(53.0)337(35.4)94(9.9)16(1.7)21.117<0.001
≥899(9.4)34(34.3)35(35.4)25(25.3)5(5.1)
情感忽视<15836(79.6)10[7, 14]460(55.0)294(35.2)67(8.0)15(1.8)36.855<0.001
≥15214(20.4)78(36.4)78(36.4)52(24.3)6(2.8)
躯体忽视<10709(67.5)8[6, 10]403(56.8)239(33.7)56(7.9)11(1.6)36.175<0.001
≥10341(32.5)135(39.6)133(39.0)63(18.5)10(2.9)
反刍思维程度低等水平反刍思维377(35.9)40[31, 49]326(86.5)48(12.7)2(0.5)1(0.3)384.634<0.001
中等水平反刍思维529(50.4)199(37.6)275(52.0)53(10.0)2(0.4)
高等水平反刍思维144(13.7)13(9.0)49(34.0)64(44.4)18(12.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1324051090110546766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

性别、户口、是否为独生子女、家庭年收入、ACEs各维度、反刍思维的统计描述及其与焦虑的秩和检验[n(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总分/类别人数M(P25,P75)无焦虑轻度焦虑中度焦虑重度焦虑HP值
性别男353(33.6)—204(57.8)104(29.5)36(10.2)9(2.5)6.7220.010
女697(66.4)334(47.9)268(38.5)83(11.9)12(1.7)
户口城镇户口389(37.0)—199(51.2)142(36.5)37(9.5)11(2.8)0.0180.893
农村户口661(63.0)339(51.3)230(34.8)82(12.4)10(1.5)
是否为独生子女是224(21.3)—113(50.4)80(35.7)27(12.1)4(1.8)0.0830.773
否826(78.7)425(51.5)292(35.4)92(11.1)17(2.1)
家庭年收入(万元)<10688(65.5)—331(48.1)256(37.2)86(12.5)15(2.2)8.8550.012
10~29.9319(30.4)180(56.4)104(32.6)29(9.1)6(1.9)
≥3043(4.1)27(62.8)12(27.9)4(9.3)0(0.0)
情感虐待<13981(93.4)7[5, 9]522(53.2)348(35.5)95(9.7)16(1.6)39.884<0.001
≥1369(6.6)16(23.2)24(34.8)24(34.8)5(7.2)
躯体虐待<10981(93.4)5[5, 6]517(52.7)348(35.5)99(10.1)17(1.7)22.039<0.001
≥1069(6.6)21(30.4)24(34.8)20(29.0)4(5.8)
性虐待<8951(90.6)5[5, 5]504(53.0)337(35.4)94(9.9)16(1.7)21.117<0.001
≥899(9.4)34(34.3)35(35.4)25(25.3)5(5.1)
情感忽视<15836(79.6)10[7, 14]460(55.0)294(35.2)67(8.0)15(1.8)36.855<0.001
≥15214(20.4)78(36.4)78(36.4)52(24.3)6(2.8)
躯体忽视<10709(67.5)8[6, 10]403(56.8)239(33.7)56(7.9)11(1.6)36.175<0.001
≥10341(32.5)135(39.6)133(39.0)63(18.5)10(2.9)
反刍思维程度低等水平反刍思维377(35.9)40[31, 49]326(86.5)48(12.7)2(0.5)1(0.3)384.634<0.001
中等水平反刍思维529(50.4)199(37.6)275(52.0)53(10.0)2(0.4)
高等水平反刍思维144(13.7)13(9.0)49(34.0)64(44.4)18(12.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1324051090450285391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation coefficients among the five dimensions of ACEs, levels of rumination, and levels of anxiety

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量情感虐待躯体虐待性虐待情感忽视躯体忽视反刍思维水平焦虑
情感虐待1
躯体虐待0.336***1
性虐待0.266***0.299***1
情感忽视0.250***0.226***0.141***1
躯体忽视0.178***0.190***0.177***0.455***1
反刍思维水平0.236***0.154***0.177***0.232***0.217**1
焦虑0.209***0.163***0.152***0.188***0.181***0.608***1
), ArticleFig(id=1324051090886493008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ACEs五个维度、反刍思维水平、焦虑程度相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量情感虐待躯体虐待性虐待情感忽视躯体忽视反刍思维水平焦虑
情感虐待1
躯体虐待0.336***1
性虐待0.266***0.299***1
情感忽视0.250***0.226***0.141***1
躯体忽视0.178***0.190***0.177***0.455***1
反刍思维水平0.236***0.154***0.177***0.232***0.217**1
焦虑0.209***0.163***0.152***0.188***0.181***0.608***1
), ArticleFig(id=1324051091272368977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Hypothesis test results of mediating effects using the bootstrap method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应效应值(95%CI) P值结果
情感虐待→反刍思维→焦虑总效应0.122(0.054,0.189)0.035<0.001完全中介作用
间接效应0.124(0.071,0.184)0.029<0.001
直接效应-0.002(-0.065,0.056)0.0310.938
躯体虐待→反刍思维→焦虑总效应0.059(-0.016,0.134)0.0380.122无中介作用
间接效应0.022(-0.034,0.080)0.0290.439
直接效应0.037(-0.027,0.099)0.0320.249
性虐待→反刍思维→焦虑总效应0.067(-0.044,0.133)0.0350.053无中介作用
间接效应0.075(0.022,0.125)0.0260.004
直接效应-0.008(-0.068,0.050)0.0300.792
情感忽视→反刍思维→焦虑总效应0.092(0.015,0.168)0.0390.018完全中介作用
间接效应0.100(0.040,0.160)0.0300.001
直接效应-0.007(-0.073,0.056)0.0330.824
躯体忽视→反刍思维→焦虑总效应0.105(0.030,0.176)0.0370.005完全中介作用
间接效应0.091(0.035,0.147)0.0290.002
直接效应0.014(-0.049,0.074)0.0310.655
), ArticleFig(id=1324051091398198098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324051074214134533, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Bootstrap法中介效应检验假设结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应效应值(95%CI) P值结果
情感虐待→反刍思维→焦虑总效应0.122(0.054,0.189)0.035<0.001完全中介作用
间接效应0.124(0.071,0.184)0.029<0.001
直接效应-0.002(-0.065,0.056)0.0310.938
躯体虐待→反刍思维→焦虑总效应0.059(-0.016,0.134)0.0380.122无中介作用
间接效应0.022(-0.034,0.080)0.0290.439
直接效应0.037(-0.027,0.099)0.0320.249
性虐待→反刍思维→焦虑总效应0.067(-0.044,0.133)0.0350.053无中介作用
间接效应0.075(0.022,0.125)0.0260.004
直接效应-0.008(-0.068,0.050)0.0300.792
情感忽视→反刍思维→焦虑总效应0.092(0.015,0.168)0.0390.018完全中介作用
间接效应0.100(0.040,0.160)0.0300.001
直接效应-0.007(-0.073,0.056)0.0330.824
躯体忽视→反刍思维→焦虑总效应0.105(0.030,0.176)0.0370.005完全中介作用
间接效应0.091(0.035,0.147)0.0290.002
直接效应0.014(-0.049,0.074)0.0310.655
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大学生童年期不良经历与焦虑之间的关系——反刍思维的中介作用
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宾薇 1 , 张远远 2 , 廖国丽 1 , 梁鑫灵 1 , 韦子怡 3 , 蔡秋玲 1 , 吴俊端 1, 4
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2026,53(11): 1935-1940
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2026 , 53 (11) : 1935 -1940
大学生童年期不良经历与焦虑之间的关系——反刍思维的中介作用
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宾薇1, 张远远2, 廖国丽1, 梁鑫灵1, 韦子怡3, 蔡秋玲1 , 吴俊端1, 4
作者信息
  • 1.广西医科大学公共卫生学院,广西 南宁 530021
  • 2.广西医科大学护理学院
  • 3.广西医科大学第二附属医院
  • 4.广西卫生职业技术学院临床医学院,广西 南宁 530023
通讯作者:
蔡秋玲,E-mail:;
吴俊端,E-mail:;
蔡秋玲与吴俊端为共同通信作者
作者简介:

宾薇(2003—),女,本科在读,研究方向:妇幼保健医学

The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and anxiety in college students: the mediating role of rumination
Wei BIN1, Yuan-yuan ZHANG2, Guo-li LIAO1, Xin-ling LIANG1, Zi-yi WEI3, Qiu-ling CAI1 , Jun-duan WU1, 4
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508118
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目的

通过分析反刍思维在童年期不良经历和焦虑之间的中介作用,为提高大学生心理健康水平提供依据。

方法

采用方便抽样方法选取广西医科大学本科生作为研究对象,采用自编的一般情况问卷、儿童虐待量表、焦虑量表、反刍思维量表中文版对1 050名大学生进行调查。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验、偏相关分析检验童年期不良经历、一般人口资料、焦虑程度、反刍思维之间的关系,采用结构方程模型分析童年期不良经历、反刍思维与焦虑的作用模型,采用bootstrap方法检验中介效应。

结果

在控制性别、家庭年收入的条件下童年期不良经历各维度与焦虑程度、反刍思维水平两两均呈显著正相关关系(均P<0.001),反刍思维在情感虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视与焦虑之间起完全中介作用。

结论

反刍思维在童年期不良经历与焦虑之间起完全中介作用,高校可以通过加强心理健康教育来降低反刍思维,从而减弱童年期不良经历对焦虑的影响。

童年期不良经历  /  焦虑  /  反刍思维  /  中介效应
Objective

By examining the mediating role of rumination between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety, a basis is provided for improving the mental health level of college students.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to select undergraduate students from Guangxi Medical University as the study subjects. A self-designed general information questionnaire, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) , the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Ruminative Responses Scale-Chinese Version (RRS-CV) were used to survey 1 050 college students. The Kruskal-Wallis H test and partial correlation analysis were used to examine the relationships between ACEs, general demographic information, anxiety levels, and rumination. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the model of the relationships among ACEs, rumination, and anxiety, and the bootstrap method was used to test the mediation effect.

Results

After controlling for gender and family annual income, all dimensions of ACEs were significantly positively correlated with anxiety and rumination (all P<0.001), and rumination fully mediated the relationships of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect with anxiety.

Conclusion

Rumination exerts a full mediating effect between ACEs and anxiety. Universities may reduce rumination by strengthening mental health education, thus attenuating the impact of ACEs on anxiety.

Adverse childhood experiences  /  Anxiety  /  Rumination  /  Mediating effect
宾薇, 张远远, 廖国丽, 梁鑫灵, 韦子怡, 蔡秋玲, 吴俊端. 大学生童年期不良经历与焦虑之间的关系——反刍思维的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (11) : 1935 -1940 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508118
Wei BIN, Yuan-yuan ZHANG, Guo-li LIAO, Xin-ling LIANG, Zi-yi WEI, Qiu-ling CAI, Jun-duan WU. The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and anxiety in college students: the mediating role of rumination[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (11) : 1935 -1940 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508118
童年期不良经历(adverse childhood experiences,ACEs)指个体在0~18岁时生理、心理、健康等方面遭受的实际性或潜在性的压力性事件,包括虐待、忽视等维度[1]。经历ACEs的个体,在情绪调控与认知功能层面易出现障碍,对心理状况的影响往往具有长期持续性,可延续至成年中后期[2]。据研究显示,中国大学生ACEs检出率为64.7%[3]。有学者认为儿童时期的逆境暴露与上大学时的心理风险有关[4],且关联程度取决于学生的应对能力。研究表明遭受ACEs的个体在成年后会更多地使用反刍等不良认知情绪调节策略[5]。反刍思维指个体在面对负性事件时,自发性地反复对事件进行认知,纠结于负面情绪的一种消极思维方式[6]。事实上,ACEs被认为是导致个体发展出行为和认知(如反刍思维)等消极模式的风险因素,这些不健康模式使他们更容易出现心理问题[7]。经历ACEs的个体可能会表现出焦虑、反刍等认知与情感脆弱性。早期创伤事件对焦虑、反刍的预测作用在文献中已得到充分证实[8],遭受ACEs的个体有更高的概率出现焦虑、抑郁[9]。值得注意的是,焦虑已成为我国大学生突出问题,2022年一项研究发现大学生焦虑症状阳性检出率已高达39.0%[10],系统探析其成因机制具有现实紧迫性。国外众多研究表明反刍思维在ACEs与情绪问题中起中介作用[11-12]。然而,国内关于反刍思维的研究主要集中在反刍反应方式与抑郁的关系方面,对于焦虑的探讨较少。考虑到不同文化背景下大学生的心理调节机制可能存在差异,亟需探讨中国大学生反刍思维在ACEs与焦虑之间的关系。因此本研究为探索ACEs的影响机制,纳入反刍思维作为中介变量,以焦虑症状作为结果变量,尝试讨论反刍思维在ACEs和焦虑之间的作用,为提高中国大学生心理健康水平提供指导。
本研究于2024年10月—2025年3月以线上问卷形式,采用方便抽样的方法对广西医科大学在校本科生进行调查。研究对象纳入标准:(1)广西医科大学在校本科生;(2)自愿参与本次调查,了解本次调查的目的并知情同意;(3)自行完成本次问卷。排除标准:(1)非在校本科生;(2)重大精神疾病患者。本研究得到了广西医科大学医学伦理委员会的批准(批准号:20200016),所有被试者均被告知研究目的并表明知情同意。样本量的计算:据世界卫生组织调查结果,全球约29.8%的人经历过ACEs[13],根据样本含量计算公式,Za/2取1.96(α=0.05双侧),δ为0.1P,计算所得样本量为905份,为降低误差,将样本量扩大15%,即1 041份,本研究共发放1 124份问卷,有效问卷1 050份,问卷有效率93.41%。
含性别、户口、家庭年收入、是否为独生子女等问题。
采用由韩秀、杨宏飞等修订的RRS-CV量表,共22个条目,包括病症反刍、反省深思、强迫思考三个维度,评分1~4分,得分越高表明反刍思维越严重,原修订版量表人群得分为(44.33±9.46),故本研究以22~35、36~54、55~88为标准将人群分为低、中、高三个反刍思维水平组别[14]。本研究中该问卷Cronbach α=0.951。
采用Bernstein等编制,中文版赵幸福等修订的CTQ-SF量表,共28个条目,包括情感虐待、躯体虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视、性虐待五个维度,评分1~5分,分数越高代表受虐待程度越严重[15]。本研究中该问卷Cronbach α=0.776。
采用由Spitzer等人编制的GAD-7量表,共7个条目,评分0~3分。总分0~4分表示无焦虑,5~9分为轻度焦虑,10~14分为中度焦虑,15~21分为重度焦虑[16]。本研究中该问卷Cronbach α=0.898。
运用SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行统计分析。采用Harman单因素法进行共同方法偏差分析。一般资料分析采用频率、交叉表分析;数据为偏态分布,故对基本家庭情况、ACEs及反刍思维水平与焦虑程度用Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行分析;采用偏相关分析检验各变量间的相关性。使用Mplus 8.3软件构建结构方程模型分析反刍思维、ACEs与焦虑的关系,分析方法为均值方差调整加权最小二乘法(weighted least squares with mean and variance adjusted,WLSMV),采用bootstrap法迭代5 000次对中介效应的显著性进行检验。文中所有显著性水平均采用α=0.05。
通过预调查优化问卷,保证问卷质量;采用同一账号仅作答一次的监测设置;对问卷进行线上审核,“答题具有规律性”“答案具有互斥性”等问卷一律归为无效问卷。
为检验共同方法偏差,本研究采用Harman单因素法进行分析。结果显示特征值大于1的因子有9个,并且第一个因子解释的变异量为28.521%,低于40%,据此判断,本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
被调查者年龄分布在18~24岁,男性353名(33.6%),女性697名(66.4%)。研究对象中ACEs检出率为43.4%,焦虑检出率为48.8%,大部分对象的反刍思维水平处于中等、低等。非参数检验Kruskal-Wallis H检验结果显示,基本家庭情况、不同维度的ACEs、反刍思维组别间的焦虑程度差异具有统计学意义(P值均小于0.05)。见表1。
如表2所示,在控制性别、家庭年收入的条件下,ACEs各维度与焦虑程度、反刍思维水平两两均呈显著正相关关系(均P<0.001)。
据相关研究显示,性别、家庭年收入可对ACEs、焦虑水平产生影响[17],且前文不同组别的性别、家庭年收入与焦虑存在差异。因此以ACEs作为自变量,反刍思维作为中介变量,焦虑作为因变量,性别、家庭年收入作为控制变量构建结构方程模型检验中介效应,模型拟合参数χ2/v、RMSEA、SRMR、CFI、TLI分别为4.190、0.055、0.038、0.995、0.983;χ2/v小于5,RMSEA小于0.06,SRMR 小于0.08,CFI、TLI均大于0.95,说明模型拟合度优秀。用bootstrap法重复取样5 000次进一步检验中介效应的显著性,结果显示,直接效应为-0.018(P=0.112,95%CI:-0.078~0.039),间接效应为0.217(P<0.001,95%CI:0.168~0.267),总效应为0.199(P<0.001, 95%CI:0.133~0.263),直接效应不显著,间接效应、总效应显著,即反刍思维在ACEs→焦虑路径中起完全中介作用。见图1。
为进一步探究反刍思维在ACEs五个维度与焦虑之间的作用,现将维度展开分析,以ACEs五个维度作为自变量,反刍思维作为中介变量,焦虑作为因变量,性别、家庭年收入作为控制变量构建结构方程模型检验中介效应。模型拟合参数χ2/v、RMSEA、SRMR、CFI、TLI分别为3.746、0.051、0.030、0.995、0.962,模型拟合度优秀。用bootstrap法重复取样5 000次进一步检验中介效应的显著性,结果显示,反刍思维在情感虐待、情感忽视及躯体忽视与焦虑的关系中均起完全中介作用,其余路径无中介作用。见图2、表3。
本研究的ACEs检出率为43.4%,稍高于世界卫生组织的29.8%[13]、上海大学生的28.53%[18]。本研究显示忽视的发生率显著高于虐待,与先前研究一致[4]。忽视问题发生率高,或是由于父母缺乏育儿知识、承受巨大生活压力所致。在性虐待维度上,本研究结果检出率为29.0%,显著高于谢丛尚等人[2]基于海南地区青年人群的7.91%。该结果可能与所选量表、地区及研究对象不同有关。本研究发现,调查对象焦虑水平呈明显分层特征,48.8%的调查对象处于焦虑状态,该结果与周剑锋等[10]报道的 39.0% 焦虑检出率存在差异。此差异或与医学生学业压力更高有关。
本研究进一步解构ACEs的五个维度,发现反刍思维在情感虐待、情感忽视及躯体忽视与焦虑的关系中均起完全中介作用,其余两个维度无中介作用。Bırni 等[12]证实自我批判性反刍在ACEs与焦虑间起完全中介作用,与本研究结论一致。而Kurtoǧlu[11]等发现反刍思维在ACEs与社交焦虑中的焦虑亚维度起部分中介作用,与本文有所出入。这个差异或源于焦虑维度和ACEs测定工具的不同。Kurtoǧlu 等采用的ACE量表以客观事件计数为核心;而本研究使用的CTQ-SF量表更侧重创伤的主观感知,这类主观感知创伤缺乏外显情境线索,其对焦虑的影响需经反刍思维的反复加工实现,故呈完全中介作用。且Kurtoǧlu等亦指出反刍思维的预测作用显著强于ACEs的直接预测作用,这进一步佐证了反刍思维是主观创伤感知向焦虑症状转化的核心认知机制。
反刍思维在情感虐待、情感忽视及躯体忽视与焦虑间的中介作用或与反应风格理论、压力反应模型、情感障碍认知模型有关[19-20]。遭遇情感虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视的大学生会诱发灾难化推理与过度警觉,进而塑就消极认知风格,并进一步驱动反刍的产生;此后,反刍通过强迫性重复加工放大应激事件的负性情绪信号,从而完全中介情感虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视对焦虑的影响。据此,本研究为心理健康教育工作者降低ACEs对大学生焦虑水平的影响提供了干预线索。相关工作者可借助反刍聚焦认知疗法[21]降低反刍思维与焦虑水平。学校可通过心理课程实施认知干预,帮助学生识别并修正不合理认知,提升认知监控能力,阻断反刍思维的自动化循环,促进创伤的适应性加工;同时开展正念团体辅导,引导个体专注当下、以包容态度接纳自我,在安全的团体氛围中获取社会情感支持,从而削弱焦虑的维持机制,减少反刍、缓解焦虑。
本研究的局限性主要有以下三点:一是,本研究采用横断面设计收集数据,无法推断因果关系和动态变化。二是,ACEs主要依靠被调查者的自我回顾性报告,可能存在记忆偏差。三是,本研究样变仅限于广西医科大学,代表性不足。因此未来的研究应建立大规模的儿童青少年人群随访队列,进一步观察青少年早期行为,开展多时段研究变量的测量以增加样本的多样性并提高其代表性。
  • 广西自然科学基金(2021JJD140158)
  • 广西壮族自治区级大学生创新训练项目(S202410598111)
  • 广西医科大学未来学术之星(WLXSZX24030)
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2026年第53卷第11期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508118
  • 接收时间:2025-08-11
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11
基金
广西自然科学基金(2021JJD140158)
广西壮族自治区级大学生创新训练项目(S202410598111)
广西医科大学未来学术之星(WLXSZX24030)
作者信息
    1.广西医科大学公共卫生学院,广西 南宁 530021
    2.广西医科大学护理学院
    3.广西医科大学第二附属医院
    4.广西卫生职业技术学院临床医学院,广西 南宁 530023

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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