Article(id=1324078004523106937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077868950631142, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508083, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754409600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614396457, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614396457, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614396457, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614396457, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324077868950631142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='4', pageStart='577', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614364134, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614446224, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078213328142371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077868950631142, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078213332336676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324077868950631142, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=727, endPage=732, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078005840118394, articleId=1324078004523106937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between physical activity, outdoor activities and symptoms of anxiety and depression among college students,Chengdu City, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between physical activity, outdoor activities, and symptoms of anxiety and depression among male and female college students, and provide recommendations for scientific prevention and control.

Methods

A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 5 152 college students from grades 1-3 across 20 universities in Chengdu. The questionnaire was based on the National Survey on Common Diseases and Health Influential Factors among Students. Chi-square or linear trend chi-square tests were used to compare categorical data, and binary logistic regression was employed to analyze associations.

Results

Among males, the proportions of those who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at least 60 minutes daily for 0 days, 1-2 days, and ≥3 days in the past week were 19.39%, 30.88%, and 49.73%, respectively. Among females, the corresponding proportions were 40.39%, 39.53%, and 20.07%. Regarding daily outdoor activity duration, 18.67% of males spent <1 hour/day, 36.42% spent 1-2 hours/day, and 44.91% spent ≥2 hours/day; among females, these proportions were 25.96%, 33.75%, and 40.29%, respectively. Differences in the detection rates of anxiety, depression, and comorbidity were observed among male and female students with varying levels of physical activity and outdoor activity. Moreover, as the frequency or duration of activity increased, the detection rates showed a decreasing trend. Multivariate analysis showed that, compared to male students who engaged MVPA for 0 days in the past week, those who completed 1-2 days/week or ≥3 days/week of MVPA had a lower risk of anxiety (1-2 days/week: aOR=0.75, 95% CI:0.58-0.98; ≥3 days/week: aOR=0.60, 95% CI:0.47-0.78) and depression (1-2 days/week: aOR=0.67, 95% CI:0.48-0.93; ≥3 days/week: aOR=0.54, 95% CI:0.39-0.75). Compared to female students with less than 1 hour/day of outdoor activity, those with 1-2 hours/day or ≥2 hours/day of outdoor activity had a lower risk of anxiety (1-<2 hours/day: aOR=0.77, 95% CI:0.62-0.95; ≥2 hours/day: aOR=0.81, 95% CI:0.66-0.99) and depression (1-<2 hours/day: aOR=0.58, 95% CI:0.44-0.77; ≥2 hours/day: aOR=0.55, 95% CI:0.42-0.72).

Conclusion

Emotional regulation in male students may be more closely matched with the mechanism of MVPA, while emotional regulation in female students may align better with outdoor activities. It is advisable to provide gender-specific intervention scenarios to improve mental health.

, authors=Ying-xue DAI1, Shi-meng LIU1, Zheng-mei GUO1, Yu-xiang HE1, Liang ZHOU2, Dan KUANG1, Cheng WANG1, Rong LU1, authorsList=Ying-xue DAI, Shi-meng LIU, Zheng-mei GUO, Yu-xiang HE, Liang ZHOU, Dan KUANG, Cheng WANG, Rong LU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Rong LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078006263743099, articleId=1324078004523106937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=大学生身体活动和户外活动与焦虑抑郁症状的关系, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索男、女大学生身体活动和户外活动与焦虑抑郁症状的关系,为科学防控提供建议。

方法

通过分层整群随机抽样选取成都市20所高校1~3年级共5 152名大学生进行调查,问卷内容基于全国学生常见病和健康影响因素调查项目。采用卡方或线性趋势卡方检验比较分类资料,采用二元logistic回归分析关联关系。

结果

男生中近1周有0天、1~2天、≥3天完成60分钟及以上中等强度及以上活动(MVPA)的分别占19.39%、30.88%和49.73%,女生分别占40.39%、39.53%和20.07%;男生近1周户外活动时长<1小时/天、1~2小时/天、≥2小时/天的分别占18.67%、36.42%和44.91%,女生分别占25.96%、33.75%和40.29%。不同身体活动、户外活动的男女生,其焦虑、抑郁和共患的检出率有差异,且随着活动频率或时长增加,检出率呈现下降趋势。多因素分析显示,相较于近1周完成MVPA 0天/周的男生,完成MVPA 1~2天/周或≥3天/周的学生检出焦虑(1~2天/周:aOR=0.75,95% CI:0.58~0.98;≥3天/周:aOR=0.60,95% CI:0.47~0.78)、抑郁(1~2天/周:aOR=0.67,95% CI:0.48~0.93;≥3天/周:aOR=0.54,95% CI:0.39~0.75)的风险更低。相较于户外活动不足1小时/天的女生,户外活动1~2小时/天或≥2小时/天的学生检出焦虑(1~<2小时/天:aOR=0.77,95% CI:0.62~0.95;≥2小时/天:aOR=0.81,95% CI:0.66~0.99)、抑郁(1~<2小时/天:aOR=0.58,95% CI:0.44~0.77;≥2小时/天:aOR=0.55,95% CI:0.42~0.72)风险更低。

结论

男生的情绪调控可能与MVPA的作用机制匹配度更高,女生的情绪调控可能与户外活动匹配度更高,宜提供适合不同性别的干预场景改善心理健康。

, authors=戴映雪1, 刘诗蒙1, 郭正梅1, 何玉祥1, 周亮2, 旷聃1, 王成1, 鹿茸1, authorsList=戴映雪, 刘诗蒙, 郭正梅, 何玉祥, 周亮, 旷聃, 王成, 鹿茸, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=鹿茸, authorNote=

戴映雪(1989—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:学校卫生

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鹿茸,E-mail:
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BMC Public Health, 2011, 11: 597., articleTitle=Explaining gender differences in non-fatal suicidal behaviour among adolescents: a population-based study, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078006498624124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078004523106937, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078006507012733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078004523106937, companyId=1324078006498624124, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078006515401342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078004523106937, companyId=1324078006498624124, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都市疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078006586704511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078004523106937, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078006595093120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078004523106937, companyId=1324078006586704511, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川省成都市疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078011208827569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078004523106937, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of basic information among male and female college students in Chengdu[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量男生女生χ2P
年级24.234<0.001
1887(37.47)863(30.99)
2754(31.85)963(34.58)
3726(30.67)959(34.43)
民族10.8000.001
汉族2 196(92.78)2 512(90.20)
其他民族171(7.22)273(9.80)
核心家庭0.8930.345
是1 799(76.00)2 085(74.87)
否568(24.00)700(25.13)
近30天吸烟311.049<0.001
否2 004(84.66)2 732(98.10)
是363(15.34)53(1.90)
近30天饮酒(天)194.817<0.001
01 436(60.67)2 185(78.46)
1~9725(30.63)454(16.30)
≥10206(8.70)146(5.24)
成瘾性物质0.6780.410
否2 326(98.27)2 728(97.95)
是41(1.73)57(2.05)
校园欺凌10.7170.001
否2 348(99.20)2 780(99.82)
是19(0.80)5(0.18)
网络欺凌2.4010.121
否2 349(99.24)2 773(99.57)
是18(0.76)12(0.43)
睡眠充足0.8150.367
否217(9.17)276(9.91)
是2 150(90.83)2 509(90.09)
MVPA天数(天/周)544.422<0.001
0459(19.39)1 125(40.39)
1~2731(30.88)1 101(39.53)
≥31 177(49.73)559(20.07)
户外活动时长(小时/天)39.091<0.001
<1442(18.67)723(25.96)
1~<2862(36.42)940(33.75)
≥21 063(44.91)1 122(40.29)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078011313685170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078004523106937, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

成都市男、女大学生基本情况比较[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量男生女生χ2P
年级24.234<0.001
1887(37.47)863(30.99)
2754(31.85)963(34.58)
3726(30.67)959(34.43)
民族10.8000.001
汉族2 196(92.78)2 512(90.20)
其他民族171(7.22)273(9.80)
核心家庭0.8930.345
是1 799(76.00)2 085(74.87)
否568(24.00)700(25.13)
近30天吸烟311.049<0.001
否2 004(84.66)2 732(98.10)
是363(15.34)53(1.90)
近30天饮酒(天)194.817<0.001
01 436(60.67)2 185(78.46)
1~9725(30.63)454(16.30)
≥10206(8.70)146(5.24)
成瘾性物质0.6780.410
否2 326(98.27)2 728(97.95)
是41(1.73)57(2.05)
校园欺凌10.7170.001
否2 348(99.20)2 780(99.82)
是19(0.80)5(0.18)
网络欺凌2.4010.121
否2 349(99.24)2 773(99.57)
是18(0.76)12(0.43)
睡眠充足0.8150.367
否217(9.17)276(9.91)
是2 150(90.83)2 509(90.09)
MVPA天数(天/周)544.422<0.001
0459(19.39)1 125(40.39)
1~2731(30.88)1 101(39.53)
≥31 177(49.73)559(20.07)
户外活动时长(小时/天)39.091<0.001
<1442(18.67)723(25.96)
1~<2862(36.42)940(33.75)
≥21 063(44.91)1 122(40.29)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078011410154163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078004523106937, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Associations between MVPA, outdoor activity, and anxiety , depressive symptoms, and co-morbidity among male and female college students [aOR (95% CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项男生
焦虑抑郁共患
MVPA天数(天/周)1~20.75(0.58~0.98)a0.67(0.48~0.93)a0.65(0.46~0.93)a
≥30.60(0.47~0.78)c0.54(0.39~0.75)c0.48(0.33~0.68)c
户外活动时长(小时/天)1~<20.81(0.63~1.06)0.70(0.50~0.98)a0.71(0.50~1.02)
≥20.75(0.57~0.98)a0.61(0.44~0.86)b0.64(0.44~0.93)a
变量选项女生
焦虑抑郁共患
MVPA天数(天/周)1~20.85(0.71~1.02)0.85(0.67~1.09)0.74(0.57~0.97)a
≥30.72(0.57~0.91)b0.91(0.67~1.24)0.84(0.61~1.17)
户外活动时长(小时/天)1~<20.77(0.62~0.95)a0.58(0.44~0.77)c0.54(0.40~0.72)c
≥20.81(0.66~0.99)a0.55(0.42~0.72)c0.53(0.40~0.7)c
), ArticleFig(id=1324078011489845940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078004523106937, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

男、女大学生MVPA、户外运动与焦虑、抑郁及共患的关系[aOR值(95% CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项男生
焦虑抑郁共患
MVPA天数(天/周)1~20.75(0.58~0.98)a0.67(0.48~0.93)a0.65(0.46~0.93)a
≥30.60(0.47~0.78)c0.54(0.39~0.75)c0.48(0.33~0.68)c
户外活动时长(小时/天)1~<20.81(0.63~1.06)0.70(0.50~0.98)a0.71(0.50~1.02)
≥20.75(0.57~0.98)a0.61(0.44~0.86)b0.64(0.44~0.93)a
变量选项女生
焦虑抑郁共患
MVPA天数(天/周)1~20.85(0.71~1.02)0.85(0.67~1.09)0.74(0.57~0.97)a
≥30.72(0.57~0.91)b0.91(0.67~1.24)0.84(0.61~1.17)
户外活动时长(小时/天)1~<20.77(0.62~0.95)a0.58(0.44~0.77)c0.54(0.40~0.72)c
≥20.81(0.66~0.99)a0.55(0.42~0.72)c0.53(0.40~0.7)c
), ArticleFig(id=1324078011590509237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078004523106937, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Associations between activity and anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and co-morbidity among male and female college students [aOR (95% CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
选项男生
焦虑抑郁共患
MVPA0天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.70(0.45~1.10)0.77(0.44~1.34)0.56(0.30~1.04)
MVPA0天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.59(0.36~0.98)a0.89(0.50~1.60)0.84(0.46~1.54)
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动<1小时/天0.65(0.41~1.04)0.83(0.47~1.47)0.72(0.40~1.32)
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.50(0.34~0.74)c0.48(0.29~0.78)b0.42(0.25~0.71)b
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.58(0.39~0.88)a0.48(0.28~0.82)b0.44(0.25~0.77)b
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动<1小时/天0.46(0.27~0.78)b0.69(0.37~1.29)0.40(0.20~0.84)a
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.49(0.34~0.72)c0.48(0.29~0.77)b0.43(0.26~0.71)b
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.39(0.27~0.56)c0.33(0.21~0.53)c0.27(0.17~0.44)c
选项女生
焦虑抑郁共患
MVPA0天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.78(0.57~1.06)0.66(0.44~0.97)a0.62(0.41~0.93)a
MVPA0天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.93(0.70~1.24)0.58(0.40~0.85)b0.60(0.40~0.89)a
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动<1小时/天0.94(0.68~1.31)0.89(0.59~1.34)0.84(0.55~1.29)
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.69(0.52~0.92)a0.47(0.32~0.71)c0.38(0.25~0.59)c
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.70(0.52~0.93)a0.54(0.37~0.79)b0.45(0.30~0.68)c
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动<1小时/天0.87(0.51~1.48)1.26(0.69~2.30)1.18(0.63~2.21)
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.62(0.42~0.91)a0.59(0.36~0.98)a0.54(0.31~0.92)a
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.57(0.41~0.79)b0.45(0.29~0.71)b0.39(0.24~0.64)c
), ArticleFig(id=1324078011686978230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078004523106937, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

男、女大学生运动情况与焦虑、抑郁及共患的关系[aOR值(95% CI)]

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选项男生
焦虑抑郁共患
MVPA0天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.70(0.45~1.10)0.77(0.44~1.34)0.56(0.30~1.04)
MVPA0天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.59(0.36~0.98)a0.89(0.50~1.60)0.84(0.46~1.54)
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动<1小时/天0.65(0.41~1.04)0.83(0.47~1.47)0.72(0.40~1.32)
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.50(0.34~0.74)c0.48(0.29~0.78)b0.42(0.25~0.71)b
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.58(0.39~0.88)a0.48(0.28~0.82)b0.44(0.25~0.77)b
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动<1小时/天0.46(0.27~0.78)b0.69(0.37~1.29)0.40(0.20~0.84)a
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.49(0.34~0.72)c0.48(0.29~0.77)b0.43(0.26~0.71)b
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.39(0.27~0.56)c0.33(0.21~0.53)c0.27(0.17~0.44)c
选项女生
焦虑抑郁共患
MVPA0天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.78(0.57~1.06)0.66(0.44~0.97)a0.62(0.41~0.93)a
MVPA0天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.93(0.70~1.24)0.58(0.40~0.85)b0.60(0.40~0.89)a
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动<1小时/天0.94(0.68~1.31)0.89(0.59~1.34)0.84(0.55~1.29)
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.69(0.52~0.92)a0.47(0.32~0.71)c0.38(0.25~0.59)c
MVPA1~2天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.70(0.52~0.93)a0.54(0.37~0.79)b0.45(0.30~0.68)c
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动<1小时/天0.87(0.51~1.48)1.26(0.69~2.30)1.18(0.63~2.21)
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动1~2(不含)小时/天0.62(0.42~0.91)a0.59(0.36~0.98)a0.54(0.31~0.92)a
MVPA≥3天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天0.57(0.41~0.79)b0.45(0.29~0.71)b0.39(0.24~0.64)c
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大学生身体活动和户外活动与焦虑抑郁症状的关系
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戴映雪 1 , 刘诗蒙 1 , 郭正梅 1 , 何玉祥 1 , 周亮 2 , 旷聃 1 , 王成 1 , 鹿茸 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2026,53(4): 727-732
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2026 , 53 (4) : 727 -732
大学生身体活动和户外活动与焦虑抑郁症状的关系
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戴映雪1, 刘诗蒙1, 郭正梅1, 何玉祥1, 周亮2, 旷聃1, 王成1, 鹿茸1
作者信息
  • 1.成都市疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川省成都市疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
鹿茸,E-mail:
作者简介:

戴映雪(1989—),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:学校卫生

Relationship between physical activity, outdoor activities and symptoms of anxiety and depression among college students,Chengdu City
Ying-xue DAI1, Shi-meng LIU1, Zheng-mei GUO1, Yu-xiang HE1, Liang ZHOU2, Dan KUANG1, Cheng WANG1, Rong LU1
Affiliations
  • Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508083
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目的

探索男、女大学生身体活动和户外活动与焦虑抑郁症状的关系,为科学防控提供建议。

方法

通过分层整群随机抽样选取成都市20所高校1~3年级共5 152名大学生进行调查,问卷内容基于全国学生常见病和健康影响因素调查项目。采用卡方或线性趋势卡方检验比较分类资料,采用二元logistic回归分析关联关系。

结果

男生中近1周有0天、1~2天、≥3天完成60分钟及以上中等强度及以上活动(MVPA)的分别占19.39%、30.88%和49.73%,女生分别占40.39%、39.53%和20.07%;男生近1周户外活动时长<1小时/天、1~2小时/天、≥2小时/天的分别占18.67%、36.42%和44.91%,女生分别占25.96%、33.75%和40.29%。不同身体活动、户外活动的男女生,其焦虑、抑郁和共患的检出率有差异,且随着活动频率或时长增加,检出率呈现下降趋势。多因素分析显示,相较于近1周完成MVPA 0天/周的男生,完成MVPA 1~2天/周或≥3天/周的学生检出焦虑(1~2天/周:aOR=0.75,95% CI:0.58~0.98;≥3天/周:aOR=0.60,95% CI:0.47~0.78)、抑郁(1~2天/周:aOR=0.67,95% CI:0.48~0.93;≥3天/周:aOR=0.54,95% CI:0.39~0.75)的风险更低。相较于户外活动不足1小时/天的女生,户外活动1~2小时/天或≥2小时/天的学生检出焦虑(1~<2小时/天:aOR=0.77,95% CI:0.62~0.95;≥2小时/天:aOR=0.81,95% CI:0.66~0.99)、抑郁(1~<2小时/天:aOR=0.58,95% CI:0.44~0.77;≥2小时/天:aOR=0.55,95% CI:0.42~0.72)风险更低。

结论

男生的情绪调控可能与MVPA的作用机制匹配度更高,女生的情绪调控可能与户外活动匹配度更高,宜提供适合不同性别的干预场景改善心理健康。

中等强度以上运动  /  户外活动  /  焦虑  /  抑郁
Objective

To explore the relationship between physical activity, outdoor activities, and symptoms of anxiety and depression among male and female college students, and provide recommendations for scientific prevention and control.

Methods

A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 5 152 college students from grades 1-3 across 20 universities in Chengdu. The questionnaire was based on the National Survey on Common Diseases and Health Influential Factors among Students. Chi-square or linear trend chi-square tests were used to compare categorical data, and binary logistic regression was employed to analyze associations.

Results

Among males, the proportions of those who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at least 60 minutes daily for 0 days, 1-2 days, and ≥3 days in the past week were 19.39%, 30.88%, and 49.73%, respectively. Among females, the corresponding proportions were 40.39%, 39.53%, and 20.07%. Regarding daily outdoor activity duration, 18.67% of males spent <1 hour/day, 36.42% spent 1-2 hours/day, and 44.91% spent ≥2 hours/day; among females, these proportions were 25.96%, 33.75%, and 40.29%, respectively. Differences in the detection rates of anxiety, depression, and comorbidity were observed among male and female students with varying levels of physical activity and outdoor activity. Moreover, as the frequency or duration of activity increased, the detection rates showed a decreasing trend. Multivariate analysis showed that, compared to male students who engaged MVPA for 0 days in the past week, those who completed 1-2 days/week or ≥3 days/week of MVPA had a lower risk of anxiety (1-2 days/week: aOR=0.75, 95% CI:0.58-0.98; ≥3 days/week: aOR=0.60, 95% CI:0.47-0.78) and depression (1-2 days/week: aOR=0.67, 95% CI:0.48-0.93; ≥3 days/week: aOR=0.54, 95% CI:0.39-0.75). Compared to female students with less than 1 hour/day of outdoor activity, those with 1-2 hours/day or ≥2 hours/day of outdoor activity had a lower risk of anxiety (1-<2 hours/day: aOR=0.77, 95% CI:0.62-0.95; ≥2 hours/day: aOR=0.81, 95% CI:0.66-0.99) and depression (1-<2 hours/day: aOR=0.58, 95% CI:0.44-0.77; ≥2 hours/day: aOR=0.55, 95% CI:0.42-0.72).

Conclusion

Emotional regulation in male students may be more closely matched with the mechanism of MVPA, while emotional regulation in female students may align better with outdoor activities. It is advisable to provide gender-specific intervention scenarios to improve mental health.

Moderate and higher intensity exercise  /  Outdoor activities  /  Anxiety  /  Depression
戴映雪, 刘诗蒙, 郭正梅, 何玉祥, 周亮, 旷聃, 王成, 鹿茸. 大学生身体活动和户外活动与焦虑抑郁症状的关系. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (4) : 727 -732 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508083
Ying-xue DAI, Shi-meng LIU, Zheng-mei GUO, Yu-xiang HE, Liang ZHOU, Dan KUANG, Cheng WANG, Rong LU. Relationship between physical activity, outdoor activities and symptoms of anxiety and depression among college students,Chengdu City[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (4) : 727 -732 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508083
大学生是社会建设的生力军,其心理健康问题一直备受关注。调查显示,大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的检出率相对较高,分别为32.4%和46.4%[1]。焦虑抑郁不仅给大学生的学习生活带来困扰,还可能引发自伤、自残甚至恶意伤害事件[2-3],对校园安全和社会稳定构成潜在威胁。
一项涵盖15项研究、涉及191 130名参与者的综述显示,体育运动水平与抑郁症状检出存在反向曲线剂量反应关系[4]。相关研究也提示,体育运动与焦虑症状检出以及焦虑诊断存在负相关关系[5-6]。根据《美国体育活动指南》[7]和《中国人群身体活动指南》[8]的建议,成年人每天需开展60分钟及以上中等强度以上身体活动(Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity,MVPA)。另外,户外活动也是学生身心健康的一项干预措施,有学者分析了美国国家健康和营养检查调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys,NHANES)2011—2018年调查数据,结果显示户外活动时间越长,抑郁检出可能性越低[9]。尽管国内已有研究探索了大学生体育运动频率与抑郁的关系[10],但对户外活动水平与心理健康关联的分析较为缺乏,且鲜有研究关注MVPA和户外活动对心理健康影响的性别差异,这在一定程度上限制了对不同性别学生运动干预的精准性。基于此,本研究基于性别视角,分别探索MVPA和户外活动对男、女大学生焦虑抑郁症状的影响,为学校制定差异化的心理健康促进策略提供科学依据。
本研究基于全国学生常见病与健康危害因素监测项目于2023—2024年开展。研究采用分层整群随机抽样,通过直接抽选法在成都市选择10个主城和近郊区(市)县,每个区(市)县选择1所综合性大学,鉴于高等教育课程中实习和实践要求,在每所学校选取1-3年级学生开展调查,每个年级以整班为单位分别至少抽取80名学生。共纳入性别、年级等信息完整的5 152名大学生作为研究对象,其中男生2 367名(占45.94%),1年级1 750名(占33.97%)、2年级1 717名(占33.33%)。本研究经成都市疾病预防控制中心伦理审查委员会批准(审批号:2025032),同时也取得学校教师、家长和学生的知情同意。
本研究调查问卷包括社会人口学特征、身体活动、户外活动情况、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠情况等。吸烟史指近30天内吸过烟,饮酒指近30天至少喝过一杯酒的天数,分为没喝过、1~9天、10天及以上。根据《健康中国行动(2019—2030年)》[11],将大学生每日平均睡眠时间在7小时及以上者定义为睡眠充足。如调查者反馈“被恶意取笑”等6种行为中任意一种的发生频次为“经常”,则定义为遭受过校园欺凌;如反馈“在公共网页上收到他人的辱骂”等7种行为中任意一种的发生频次为“经常”,则定义为遭受过网络欺凌[12]。身体活动通过过去1周内当天完成至少60分钟及以上MVPA的天数进行判定[8, 13],分为0天、1~2天、3天及以上。户外活动通过过去1周内每天白天户外活动时长进行判定,分为不到1小时、1~2(不含)小时以及2小时及以上。焦虑通过广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)进行判定,得分≥5提示有焦虑症状[10],该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.909。抑郁通过流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D scale)判定,得分≥20提示存在抑郁症状[14],抑郁量表的Cronbach α系数为0.762。共患是指同时具备焦虑症状和抑郁症状。
本研究参与调查的人员包括疾控中心工作人员和高校教师,正式调查前均经过统一培训,现场调查时由工作人员对问卷完整性进行审核,如发现问题立即修正,确保无遗漏项。
采用WPS Office 12.1.0进行数据汇总整理,采用R studio 4.3.2进行数据分析。分类资料采用卡方或线性趋势卡方检验进行比较。男、女大学生运动情况与焦虑、抑郁及共患的关系采用二元logistic回归模型进行分析,将年级、家庭结构、吸烟、睡眠、霸凌等因素[14-16]作为混杂因素纳入模型。α=0.05。
2 367名男生中近1周有0天、1~2天、≥3天完成60分钟及以上MVPA的分别占19.39%、30.88%和49.73%,2 785名女生中该比例分别为40.39%、39.53%和20.07%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=544.422,P<0.001)。其中近1周内,每天均完成60分钟及以上MVPA的男、女生仅占9.38%和2.01%。男生近1周户外活动时长<1小时/天、1~2小时/天、≥2小时/天的分别占18.67%、36.42%和44.91%,女生分别占25.96%、33.75%和40.29%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=39.091, P<0.001)。分别对男、女生身体活动水平和户外活动的相关性进行分析,相关系数为0.335和0.211(P均<0.001),详见表1。
5 152名大学生中,女生的焦虑(χ2=36.680,P<0.001)、抑郁(χ2=4.592,P=0.032)及共患(χ2=6.239,P=0.012)的检出率均高于男生。
近1周不同MVPA完成情况的男生,其焦虑(χ2=26.880,P<0.001)、抑郁(χ2=28.063,P<0.001)及共患(χ2=31.763,P<0.001)的检出率不同,且随着完成天数的增加,检出率均呈现下降趋势(趋势卡方检验P<0.001)。相较于完成MVPA 0天/周的男生,完成MVPA ≥3天/周的男生焦虑、抑郁及共患的检出率下降了9.48~12.42个百分点。不同身体活动情况的女生,其焦虑(χ2=17.593,P<0.001)、抑郁(χ2=8.198,P=0.017)及共患(χ2=15.175,P=0.001)的检出率不同,也呈现下降趋势(趋势卡方检验P<0.05)。相较于完成MVPA0天/周的女生,完成MVPA≥3天/周的女生焦虑、抑郁及共患的检出率下降了3.74~9.69个百分点。
近1周每日户外活动时间不足1小时、1~2小时和≥2小时的男生,其焦虑(χ2=15.824,P<0.001)、抑郁(χ2=21.597,P<0.001)及共患(χ2=19.281,P<0.001)的检出率不同并呈现下降趋势(趋势卡方检验P<0.001)。相较于每日户外活动不足1小时/天的男生,≥2小时/天的男生焦虑、抑郁及共患的检出率下降了7.50~9.85个百分点。女生中,焦虑(χ2=14.558,P=0.001)、抑郁(χ2=31.727,P<0.001)及共患(χ2=37.898,P<0.001)的检出率也不同且呈现下降趋势(趋势卡方检验P<0.01)。相较于每日户外活动不足1小时/天的女生,≥2小时/天的女生焦虑、抑郁及共患的检出率下降了7.20~8.71个百分点。
分别以焦虑、抑郁症状及其共患为因变量(参考组=否),将年级、家庭、吸烟、霸凌、睡眠等作为混杂因素纳入回归模型进行分析。经检验,自变量间不存在多重共线性。
结果显示,相较于完成MVPA 0天/周的学生,完成MVPA 1~2天/周或≥3天/周的男生检出焦虑(1~2天/周:aOR=0.75,95% CI:0.58~0.98;≥3天/周:aOR=0.60,95% CI:0.47~0.78)、抑郁(1~2天/周:aOR=0.67,95% CI:0.48~0.93;≥3天/周:aOR=0.54,95% CI:0.39~0.75)的风险更低,且随着MVPA完成天数的增加,焦虑、抑郁和共患检出可能均呈现下降趋势。女生中,完成MVPA≥3天/周(aOR=0.72,95% CI:0.57~0.91)与焦虑负相关。
相较于户外活动不足1小时/天的学生,户外活动1~2小时/天或≥2小时/天的女生检出焦虑(1~<2小时/天:aOR=0.77,95% CI:0.62~0.95;≥2小时/天:aOR=0.81,95% CI:0.66~0.99)、抑郁(1~<2小时/天:aOR=0.58,95% CI:0.44~0.77;≥2小时/天:aOR=0.55,95% CI:0.42~0.72)风险更低。男生中,户外活动≥2小时/天与焦虑(aOR=0.75,95% CI:0.57~0.98)、抑郁(aOR=0.61,95% CI:0.44~0.86)负相关(详见表2)。
进一步比较身体活动和户外活动的联合分析发现,相较于完成MVPA 0天/周且户外活动<1小时/天的男、女生,MVPA>1天/周且户外活动≥1小时/天的学生,其焦虑、抑郁和共患的检出可能均更低,其中MVPA 3天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天的学生,其焦虑、抑郁和共患的检出可能最低(详见表3)。
本研究发现,大学生的身体活动以及户外活动整体处于较低水平,有19.39%的男生和40.39%的女生每周完成60分钟及以上MVPA的天数为0,18.67%的男生和25.96%的女生每天户外活动不足1小时。身体活动、户外活动与大学生焦虑、抑郁及共患的检出呈现负相关关系,但该关联情况在男女生中可能存在一定差异。
研究显示,随着每周MVPA频次的增加,男生的焦虑、抑郁和共患检出呈现下降趋势,而只有高频次的MVPA(≥3天/周)才对女生的焦虑检出有影响,这与肖蓉等研究结果类似[17]。MVPA的核心特征是心率显著加快、呼吸频率上升,常见形式如跑步、篮球、足球等。从机制上看,MVPA可迅速刺激人体分泌内啡肽,促进血清素和多巴胺等神经递质的合成与释放,诱发运动后的愉悦感[18]。另一方面,MVPA能提高大脑前额叶皮层活跃度,增强人体的情绪控制能力[19],并通过转移个体的负面注意力,提升自我效能感。然而,本研究中MVPA的正向效益更多体现在男生中,可能受到生理与社会文化因素的共同影响[20]。男生通常拥有更高的肌肉量和更强的爆发力与耐力,更易适应中高强度运动[21];此外,中高强度运动自带的挑战性和社交属性,更能契合男生对男性气质、自我价值及群体认同的追求[21]。相反,女生的心肺功能在中高强度运动中的负荷感知更加明显,易产生较强的疲劳感,进而降低主动参与的意愿;同时,受性别角色刻板印象以及身体形象焦虑影响[22],女生可能担心运动中身体状态被他人审视而产生运动抵触情绪。
基于不同的户外活动时长,女生的焦虑、抑郁和共患的检出可能更低,而男生更容易受长时间户外活动影响。与MVPA不同,户外活动并不强调运动强度,其核心机制在于自然环境的暴露。自然光本身是一种有效的抑郁干预手段[23],紫外线作为太阳光主要成分,能够刺激皮肤合成维生素D,进而促进大脑释放血清素,调节负面心理情绪[23];其次,自然环境中绿色景观可调节大脑杏仁核活动,减少大脑的威胁和压力感知[24];另外,户外环境能增加社交机会,从而提升个体活力感和参与度,减少社交退缩[25]。本研究中户外活动的收益在女生中更为突出,可能有以下原因。一方面,女生对自然环境的感官刺激具有更强的神经敏感性,不同时长下的户外活动可叠加形成更强的情绪改善[26];另一方面,女生的情绪状态更易受人际关系影响,而户外提供的非结构化社交空间以及散步、聊天等低强度和社交性强的活动更助于转移内心负面情绪[27]。
另外,本研究还发现,同时开展MVPA 3天/周且户外活动≥2小时/天的学生,其焦虑、抑郁和共患的检出可能最低,这提示兼具一定运动强度与户外环境的活动形式可能是提升学生心理健康的更优策略。总体来看,MVPA和户外活动对男女生的心理健康都有积极影响,男生的情绪调控可能与MVPA的作用机制更匹配,而女生的情绪调控与户外活动的作用机制更匹配。因此,构建性别针对性的活动场景或是优化心理健康干预的关键。
本研究存在一定的局限性。本研究的调查样本均来自成都,尽管覆盖20所高校,但外推性仍有待验证。其次,本研究的身体活动和户外时长均由学生自我报告,存在一定的回忆偏倚。另外,研究未对身体活动和户外活动的具体地点和类型进行细致划分,这在一定程度上限制了对运动作用机制的解析。

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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202508083
  • 接收时间:2025-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-06
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    1.成都市疾病预防控制中心,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川省成都市疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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