Article(id=1324078381389721980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507433, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753372800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614486309, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614486309, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614486309, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614486309, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078333767594037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614474956, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614571752, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=82, endPage=87, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078381670740349, articleId=1324078381389721980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Development and reliability and validity evaluation of a parental attitude scale on children’s dietary health, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To develop a scale measuring parents’ attitudes towards their children’s dietary health and to test its reliability and validity. This study aims to provide a scientific tool for assessing parents’ attitudes towards their children’s dietary health.

Methods

According to the Health Belief Model, an initial item pool was created for the scale. A research team was assembled, and through processes such as consulting with experts, the preliminary version of the scale was established. A staged cluster sampling method was employed to select a total of 40 classes from grades 4 to 8 in primary and secondary schools in Chengdu’s Xindu District between May and October 2023. Initially, an item analysis was conducted using all 2 651 collected samples. Then, the entire sample set was randomly split into two subsets: Sample 1 (n=2 091) was subjected to exploratory factor analysis first, and Sample 2 (n=560) was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, the total sample was used for internal consistency testing. Two weeks after the survey, parents in a random class were randomly selected to refill the questionnaire to obtain the test-retest reliability of the scale.

Results

The final version of the scale included 24 items. EFA extracted six common factors (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action), with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 82.433%. CFA results showed: χ2/df=2.641, RMSEA=0.055,GFI=0.913, AGFI=0.890, TLI=0.964, IFI=0.969, and CFI=0.969. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.934, the split-half reliability was 0.813, and the test-retest reliability was 0.641. Children’s dietary behavior was significantly associated with parents’ attitudes scores (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The scale developed in this study demonstrates good reliability and validity, and is suitable for assessing parents’ attitudes towards the dietary health of school-aged children in community family settings.

, authors=Yu-lin CHENG1, Jie TAN2, Pei ZHAI3, Pan ZHANG3, Dao-mei CHENG2, Jing-chang DU2, authorsList=Yu-lin CHENG, Jie TAN, Pei ZHAI, Pan ZHANG, Dao-mei CHENG, Jing-chang DU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jing-chang DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078382853534088, articleId=1324078381389721980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=家长对子女膳食健康态度量表构建及信效度检验, columnId=1228016573034721597, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=营养与食品卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

编制家长对子女膳食健康态度量表并检验其信效度,为评估家长对子女膳食健康的态度提供科学工具。

方法

基于健康态度模式构建量表的条目池,通过成立研究小组,专家函询等步骤形成初始版量表。采用分阶段整群抽样的方法,于2023年5—10月抽取成都市新都区中小学4~8年级共40个班级,对全部2 651例样本进行项目分析,随后将总样本随机分为两组:进行探索性因子分析的样本1(n=2 091)和进行验证性因子分析的样本2(n=560),最后使用总样本进行内部一致性检验,调查结束二周后,随机抽取一个班的家长重新填写问卷得到量表重测信度。

结果

正式版家长对子女膳食健康态度量表包括24个条目,通过探索性因子分析提取6个公因子,分别为感知到易感性、感知到严重性、感知到好处、感知到阻碍、自我效能、行为线索,累积方差贡献率为82.433%,验证性因子分析显示,χ2/v=2.641,RMSEA=0.055,GFI=0.913,AGFI=0.890,TLI=0.964,IFI=0.969,CFI=0.969。总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.934,奇偶折半信度为0.813,重测信度0.641,且儿童膳食行为与家长态度得分关系明显(P<0.05)。

结论

本研究编制的家长对子女膳食健康态度量表具有良好的信度和效度,适用于测评社区家庭环境中家长对学龄期儿童膳食态度。

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程雨林(2003—),女,本科在读,研究方向:营养健康

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杜旌畅,E-mail:
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Trends in overweight and obesity among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 from 2000 to 2019, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078394480144873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=18, issue=4, pageStart=276, pageEnd=280, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=33, authorNames=何雯楠, 李云, 陈红燕, journalName=中国循证儿科杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何雯楠,李云,陈红燕,等.中文版学龄前儿童营养指数量表的信度和效度研究[J].中国循证儿科杂志,2023,18(4):276-280., articleTitle=中文版学龄前儿童营养指数量表的信度和效度研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078394572419562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=18, issue=4, pageStart=276, pageEnd=280, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=34, authorNames=He WN, Li Y, Chen HY, journalName=Chinese Journal of Evidence Based Pediatrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He WN, Li Y, Chen HY, et al. Reliability and validity of a Chinese version of nutrition quotient for preschoolers[J]. Chinese Journal of Evidence Based Pediatrics, 2023, 18(4): 276-280. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Reliability and validity of a Chinese version of nutrition quotient for preschoolers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078394643722731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=40, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=35, authorNames=董元, 李智婧, 纪颖, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=董元,李智婧,纪颖,等.北京市五年级儿童不良饮食行为的个人和家庭相关因素研究[J].现代预防医学,2024,51(1):40-44., articleTitle=北京市五年级儿童不良饮食行为的个人和家庭相关因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078394719220204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=40, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Dong Y, Li ZJ, Ji Y, journalName=Mod Prev Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong Y, Li ZJ, Ji Y, et al. Research on personal and family related factors of poor eating behaviors in fifth-grade children in Beijing[J]. Mod Prev Med, 2024, 51(1): 40-44. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on personal and family related factors of poor eating behaviors in fifth-grade children in Beijing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078394790523373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=88, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=陈美芸, journalName=大众健康, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈美芸.开心假期,一日三餐讲规律[J].大众健康,2021,(2):88-89., articleTitle=开心假期,一日三餐讲规律, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078394954101230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=88, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Chen MY, journalName=Well-Being, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen MY. Happy holiday, three regular meals a day[J]. Well-Being, 2021,(2): 88-89. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Happy holiday, three regular meals a day, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078383075832201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078383084220810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, companyId=1324078383075832201, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=North Sichuan Medical College, School of Public Health, Nanchong, Sichuan 637199, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078383092609419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, companyId=1324078383075832201, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川 南充 637199)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078383155523980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078383163912589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, companyId=1324078383155523980, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.成都医学院公共卫生学院卫生学教研室,四川 成都 610500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078383247798670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078383256187279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, companyId=1324078383247798670, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.成都市新都区疾病预防控制中心卫生科)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078387463074233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flowchart of the sampling process for the survey subjects, figureFileSmall=ft/h+86lSmIIaGE0aJJnJg==, figureFileBig=EXNpA1jolcf8Mg+38SUZtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078387530183098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=CN, label=图1, caption=调查对象抽样流程图, figureFileSmall=ft/h+86lSmIIaGE0aJJnJg==, figureFileBig=EXNpA1jolcf8Mg+38SUZtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078387710538171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Structural equation model, figureFileSmall=LYm47gXwnLnIQ3zVWdrAhQ==, figureFileBig=3/V8k6iJjwqSS7LNxhOFSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078389375676860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=CN, label=图2, caption=结构方程模型, figureFileSmall=LYm47gXwnLnIQ3zVWdrAhQ==, figureFileBig=3/V8k6iJjwqSS7LNxhOFSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078389451174333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Questionnaire scores [n=2 651,()]

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维度平均得分
感知易感性8.65±2.49
感知严重性6.10±2.79
行为线索8.04±2.87
感知障碍8.93±2.69
感知到益处5.76±2.84
自我效能7.38±1.85
总分54.78±17.95
), ArticleFig(id=1324078389530866110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

问卷得分情况[n=2 651,()]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度平均得分
感知易感性8.65±2.49
感知严重性6.10±2.79
行为线索8.04±2.87
感知障碍8.93±2.69
感知到益处5.76±2.84
自我效能7.38±1.85
总分54.78±17.95
), ArticleFig(id=1324078389627335103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

General situation description (n=2 651)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数百分比(%)
儿童性别男1 30549.2
女1 34650.8
年级小学四年级66925.2
小学五年级67425.4
小学六年级46617.6
初中一年级42316.0
初中二年级41915.8
家里安排饮食人的学历小学及以下50319.0
初中1 06040.0
高中(含职高、中专)66425.0
大学(含大专)41015.5
研究生140.5
家里安排饮食人的身份母亲1 42453.7
父亲29010.9
外公/爷爷1485.6
外婆/奶奶62823.7
其他人120.5
没有固定的人1495.6
), ArticleFig(id=1324078389698638272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

一般情况描述(n=2 651)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数百分比(%)
儿童性别男1 30549.2
女1 34650.8
年级小学四年级66925.2
小学五年级67425.4
小学六年级46617.6
初中一年级42316.0
初中二年级41915.8
家里安排饮食人的学历小学及以下50319.0
初中1 06040.0
高中(含职高、中专)66425.0
大学(含大专)41015.5
研究生140.5
家里安排饮食人的身份母亲1 42453.7
父亲29010.9
外公/爷爷1485.6
外婆/奶奶62823.7
其他人120.5
没有固定的人1495.6
), ArticleFig(id=1324078389769941441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variance of common factors for each item and load coefficient after rotation (n=2 091)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目内容公因子方差旋转后因子载荷
感知到易感性感知到严重性感知到好处感知到阻碍自我效能行为线索
很多大人没有为孩子安排真正适合他/她的饮食0.7200.790
很多大人会忽视对孩子饮食的安排0.7560.801
很多大人缺乏考虑孩子饮食健康的习惯0.8420.873
很多大人缺乏考虑孩子饮食健康的精力0.8470.872
孩子的饮食会对他/她现在的身体健康产生巨大影响0.8380.698
饮食不好的孩子,不能健康成长0.6910.809
饮食情况能决定孩子身体的好坏0.8100.812
饮食不好的孩子,外貌体型会很差0.8380.771
我自己的健康获得同步保证0.7620.801
更好的促进孩子的生长发育0.8020.866
让孩子保持充沛的精力0.8070.874
让孩子维持稳定的情绪0.8780.830
孩子本身是一个较大的阻力0.8850.701
家庭其他成员不配合是一个较大的阻力0.8490.810
我的学识能力是一个较大的阻力0.7590.833
我的精力不够是一个较大的阻力0.6280.851
我具备较为丰富的营养相关理论知识0.7610.834
我能够为孩子安排健康的饮食0.8240.856
我给孩子安排的饮食,足以满足他/她的需要0.8080.839
其他人对我给孩子安排饮食,评价很好0.7220.792
当我认为孩子发育迟滞时0.5870.782
当我发现孩子生病时0.8300.855
当孩子精神出现萎靡时0.8670.840
当孩子的饭量减少时0.8240.864
), ArticleFig(id=1324078389849633218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各条目公因子方差及旋转后载荷系数(n=2 091)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目内容公因子方差旋转后因子载荷
感知到易感性感知到严重性感知到好处感知到阻碍自我效能行为线索
很多大人没有为孩子安排真正适合他/她的饮食0.7200.790
很多大人会忽视对孩子饮食的安排0.7560.801
很多大人缺乏考虑孩子饮食健康的习惯0.8420.873
很多大人缺乏考虑孩子饮食健康的精力0.8470.872
孩子的饮食会对他/她现在的身体健康产生巨大影响0.8380.698
饮食不好的孩子,不能健康成长0.6910.809
饮食情况能决定孩子身体的好坏0.8100.812
饮食不好的孩子,外貌体型会很差0.8380.771
我自己的健康获得同步保证0.7620.801
更好的促进孩子的生长发育0.8020.866
让孩子保持充沛的精力0.8070.874
让孩子维持稳定的情绪0.8780.830
孩子本身是一个较大的阻力0.8850.701
家庭其他成员不配合是一个较大的阻力0.8490.810
我的学识能力是一个较大的阻力0.7590.833
我的精力不够是一个较大的阻力0.6280.851
我具备较为丰富的营养相关理论知识0.7610.834
我能够为孩子安排健康的饮食0.8240.856
我给孩子安排的饮食,足以满足他/她的需要0.8080.839
其他人对我给孩子安排饮食,评价很好0.7220.792
当我认为孩子发育迟滞时0.5870.782
当我发现孩子生病时0.8300.855
当孩子精神出现萎靡时0.8670.840
当孩子的饭量减少时0.8240.864
), ArticleFig(id=1324078389929324995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Cronbach’s α coefficient and test-retest reliability coefficient

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指标感知到易感性感知到严重性感知到益处感知到阻碍自我效能行为线索总问卷
Cronbach α系数0.9300.8970.9450.8790.8940.9630.927
Spearman-Brown 系数0.9240.8930.9420.8530.8940.9590.813
重测信度系数0.757*0.570*0.569*0.778*0.783*0.718*0.641*
), ArticleFig(id=1324078390017405380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Cronbach α系数和重测信度系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标感知到易感性感知到严重性感知到益处感知到阻碍自我效能行为线索总问卷
Cronbach α系数0.9300.8970.9450.8790.8940.9630.927
Spearman-Brown 系数0.9240.8930.9420.8530.8940.9590.813
重测信度系数0.757*0.570*0.569*0.778*0.783*0.718*0.641*
), ArticleFig(id=1324078390092902853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The influence of various items on children’s dietary behaviors

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组别Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验(秩平均值)
感知到易感性感知到严重性感知到益处感知到阻碍自我效能行为线索
行为较好1 480.93 b1 500.56 b1 533.52 b1 475.59 b1 667.34 b1 491.86 b
行为一般1 107.12 a1 092.00 a1 059.37 a,b1 120.48 a891.47 a,b1 100.33 a
行为较差1 171.11 a1 016.05 a831.43 a1 113.93 a472.59 a1 067.20 a
), ArticleFig(id=1324078390189371846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078381389721980, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各类条目对儿童膳食行为的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验(秩平均值)
感知到易感性感知到严重性感知到益处感知到阻碍自我效能行为线索
行为较好1 480.93 b1 500.56 b1 533.52 b1 475.59 b1 667.34 b1 491.86 b
行为一般1 107.12 a1 092.00 a1 059.37 a,b1 120.48 a891.47 a,b1 100.33 a
行为较差1 171.11 a1 016.05 a831.43 a1 113.93 a472.59 a1 067.20 a
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家长对子女膳食健康态度量表构建及信效度检验
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程雨林 1 , 谭洁 2 , 翟沛 3 , 张攀 3 , 程道梅 2 , 杜旌畅 2
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2026,53(1): 82-87
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现代预防医学 |营养与食品卫生 2026 , 53 (1) : 82 -87
家长对子女膳食健康态度量表构建及信效度检验
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程雨林1, 谭洁2, 翟沛3, 张攀3, 程道梅2, 杜旌畅2
作者信息
  • 1.川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川 南充 637199
  • 2.成都医学院公共卫生学院卫生学教研室,四川 成都 610500
  • 3.成都市新都区疾病预防控制中心卫生科
通讯作者:
杜旌畅,E-mail:
作者简介:

程雨林(2003—),女,本科在读,研究方向:营养健康

Development and reliability and validity evaluation of a parental attitude scale on children’s dietary health
Yu-lin CHENG1, Jie TAN2, Pei ZHAI3, Pan ZHANG3, Dao-mei CHENG2, Jing-chang DU2
Affiliations
  • North Sichuan Medical College, School of Public Health, Nanchong, Sichuan 637199, China
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507433
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目的

编制家长对子女膳食健康态度量表并检验其信效度,为评估家长对子女膳食健康的态度提供科学工具。

方法

基于健康态度模式构建量表的条目池,通过成立研究小组,专家函询等步骤形成初始版量表。采用分阶段整群抽样的方法,于2023年5—10月抽取成都市新都区中小学4~8年级共40个班级,对全部2 651例样本进行项目分析,随后将总样本随机分为两组:进行探索性因子分析的样本1(n=2 091)和进行验证性因子分析的样本2(n=560),最后使用总样本进行内部一致性检验,调查结束二周后,随机抽取一个班的家长重新填写问卷得到量表重测信度。

结果

正式版家长对子女膳食健康态度量表包括24个条目,通过探索性因子分析提取6个公因子,分别为感知到易感性、感知到严重性、感知到好处、感知到阻碍、自我效能、行为线索,累积方差贡献率为82.433%,验证性因子分析显示,χ2/v=2.641,RMSEA=0.055,GFI=0.913,AGFI=0.890,TLI=0.964,IFI=0.969,CFI=0.969。总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.934,奇偶折半信度为0.813,重测信度0.641,且儿童膳食行为与家长态度得分关系明显(P<0.05)。

结论

本研究编制的家长对子女膳食健康态度量表具有良好的信度和效度,适用于测评社区家庭环境中家长对学龄期儿童膳食态度。

健康态度  /  膳食行为  /  学龄儿童  /  信度  /  效度
Objective

To develop a scale measuring parents’ attitudes towards their children’s dietary health and to test its reliability and validity. This study aims to provide a scientific tool for assessing parents’ attitudes towards their children’s dietary health.

Methods

According to the Health Belief Model, an initial item pool was created for the scale. A research team was assembled, and through processes such as consulting with experts, the preliminary version of the scale was established. A staged cluster sampling method was employed to select a total of 40 classes from grades 4 to 8 in primary and secondary schools in Chengdu’s Xindu District between May and October 2023. Initially, an item analysis was conducted using all 2 651 collected samples. Then, the entire sample set was randomly split into two subsets: Sample 1 (n=2 091) was subjected to exploratory factor analysis first, and Sample 2 (n=560) was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, the total sample was used for internal consistency testing. Two weeks after the survey, parents in a random class were randomly selected to refill the questionnaire to obtain the test-retest reliability of the scale.

Results

The final version of the scale included 24 items. EFA extracted six common factors (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action), with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 82.433%. CFA results showed: χ2/df=2.641, RMSEA=0.055,GFI=0.913, AGFI=0.890, TLI=0.964, IFI=0.969, and CFI=0.969. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.934, the split-half reliability was 0.813, and the test-retest reliability was 0.641. Children’s dietary behavior was significantly associated with parents’ attitudes scores (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The scale developed in this study demonstrates good reliability and validity, and is suitable for assessing parents’ attitudes towards the dietary health of school-aged children in community family settings.

Health attitudes  /  Dietary behavior  /  School-aged children  /  Scale  /  Reliability  /  Validity
程雨林, 谭洁, 翟沛, 张攀, 程道梅, 杜旌畅. 家长对子女膳食健康态度量表构建及信效度检验. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (1) : 82 -87 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507433
Yu-lin CHENG, Jie TAN, Pei ZHAI, Pan ZHANG, Dao-mei CHENG, Jing-chang DU. Development and reliability and validity evaluation of a parental attitude scale on children’s dietary health[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (1) : 82 -87 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507433
合理的膳食营养是儿童,尤其是学龄儿童健康成长的基本条件[1]。数据显示,我国学龄儿童的身体形态相对于上个世纪已有明显进步[2-3],但挑食、情绪化进食、经常在外就餐等饮食行为问题开始凸显[4-6],因不健康膳食行为引发的超重、肥胖的情况日益严重[7-9]。家长是学龄儿童膳食的安排者,家长对学龄儿童膳食健康的信念直接决定了学龄儿童的膳食健康[7,10-13],通过家长促进学龄儿童的健康膳食行为[14],是干预学龄儿童膳食行为的一种较为有效的手段[15-16]。
随着《中国学龄儿童膳食营养指南》(2022)的发布,学龄儿童的家庭饮食态度干预已成为开展儿童营养问题一级预防的重要策略。然而,目前用于评估家长对学龄儿童膳食健康态度的量表多聚焦家长本人营养知识或行为技能[17-18],缺乏明确指向学龄儿童的针对性。本研究基于健康态度模式(health belief model,HBM),构建包含感知易感性、严重性等六维度的家长对学龄儿童膳食健康的态度量表,并进行信效度检验,填补从态度动机角度干预学龄儿童膳食的研究空白。为了解家长膳食营养态度对学龄儿童膳食行为的影响,进一步探索干预家长观念以改善学龄儿童膳食行为提供更加客观、科学的评估工具。
进行本量表初始编制的成员共六名,包括公共卫生副主任医师一名、主管医师一名,以及从事健康教育工作副教授、讲师各一名和预防医学本科生二名。
HBM在考察营养与健康相关问题中被广泛应用,包括感知到易感性、感知到严重性、感知到好处、感知到阻碍、自我效能和行为线索六个维度。本研究基于儿童膳食行为形成和发展受家长影响的观点,界定家长对子女膳食健康态度为:家长对保障儿童膳食健康、建立儿童正确膳食行为的一系列动机和观念的总和,包括六个维度。
本研究借鉴针对中国成年人及中学生膳食的健康态度问卷,参考2023年发布《中国居民营养素养核心信息及评价》构建问卷条目池,经过研究小组集体讨论和分析,形成初步量表,共包含六个维度、48个条目。
采用目的抽样法,邀请六名专家对量表的维度和条目进行评定。专家函询的判断依据系数为0.867,熟悉程度系数为0.833,权威程度系数为0.850。系数均>0.8,表明专家权威性好、条目筛选可靠。
采用方便抽样的方式,由调查员参照正式测量标准选取调查对象检验初始量表的适用性和可操作性。根据调查对象的意见对量表条目进行修订,形成家长对子女膳食健康态度量表的修订版。
采用分阶段整群抽样法,于2023年5—10月选取在成都市新都区中小学就读学生家长进行调查,纳入标准:(1)家中成员亲自参与过对儿童平日膳食的安排;(2)家中填表人具有完全认知和行为能力并且知情同意。排除标准:(1)家中学龄期儿童有恶性疾病、遭受过严重伤害;(2)正在执行特殊饮食的家庭。调查工具有一般资料调查表和家长对子女膳食健康态度量表,量表采用10级评分方式,分别计1~10分,得分越高表示其对儿童膳食与健康态度越重视。问卷以电子问卷形式发放,由被调查者自行填写。具体抽样过程见图1。完成问卷收集后,按照题目20~25倍随机抽取部分问卷进行验证性因子分析,未抽取部分问卷进行探索性因子分析。在完成调查二周后,根据量表重测信度样本量标准,随机抽取一个班的家长重新填写问卷。
采用SPSS 24.0和AMOS 21.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料采用频数和百分比表示,计量资料采用()描述;采用重测信度系数、折半信度系数、Cronbach α信度系数对量表进行信度分析;探索性和验证性因子分析对量表效度进行检验。设定假设检验显著性水平为α=0.05,采用双侧检验。
原条目池共六个维度48题,本次调查共进行两轮专家咨询,根据得分均数与小组讨论后,删除得分低于3.5分及语义重复的条目,保留六个维度24题,每个维度各四题。
自编问卷量表总分为24~240分。各维度得分由高到低分别为:感知障碍、感知易感性、行为线索、自我效能、感知严重性及感知到益处。见表1。
选取总得分位于前27%的问卷为高分组,得分位于后27%的问卷为低分组,用独立样本t检验比较两组问卷在各个条目上的得分差异。结果显示,所有条目决断值均大于3,差异均有统计学意义,进一步计算相关系数显示,所有条目与总分均相关,结果均有统计学意义。
共回收问卷2 698份,有效问卷2 651份,有效率占98.3%;男生占49.2%、女生占50.8%;各年级学生占比在15%~26%。接受问卷调查的家庭中,安排饮食人的学历以初中为主、身份以女性成员为主,母亲占比最高。见表2。
初步形成的问卷共24题,考虑实际班级数目,最后抽取560份问卷用于验证性因子分析,余下问卷用于探索性因子分析。经检验,量表KMO值为0.934,巴特利特球形检验χ2=59 920.034(P<0.05),适合进行因子分析。采用主成分分析与最大方差法旋转,提取特征值大于1的因子。经项目筛选(剔除载荷<0.5、交叉载荷、归类不当及因子项数<2的条目后),最终共提取六个公因子,累积方差贡献率为82.433%,各条目公因子方差在0.667~0.917,因子结构与预设维度一致。见表3。
在AMOS 21.0软件中构建初始的模型,再将通过SPSS 24.0软件处理好的数据导入模型。
对结构方程模型进行拟合度检验,结果显示,模型GFI、IFI、CFI、TLI值均大于0.9,RMSEA=0.055,χ2/v=2.641,均达到参考标准;AGFI为0.890,略低于标准(>0.9)。模型中,各条目载荷系数在0.68~0.94之间,处于恰当范围。考虑进一步删除对模型改善有限的条目,且题目具有现实意义,最终模型如上。见图2。
可靠性分析结果显示,量表各维度的Cronbach α系数和奇偶折半Spearman-Brown系数均高于0.8,总量表的Cronbach α系数和奇偶折半信度分别为0.927和0.813,。重测信度系数结果显示,总问卷系数为0.641,各维度系数在0.569~0.783之间,相关性有统计学意义。见表4。
本研究设置13道题目来表现儿童的膳食行为,以被调察儿童13题的均分≤3分为行为较差、4~6分为行为一般、>6分为行为较好进行分组,比较这3类儿童的父母在对于儿童膳食观念上六个维度的得分差异,见表5。结果显示,家长态度与儿童膳食行为密切相关,膳食行为较好的儿童,其家长在六个维度上的打分也更高。
学龄儿童的膳食大多由其家长决定,而非儿童本人。家长对学龄儿童膳食营养的态度在很大程度上决定了家长的行为,但我国关于家长对儿童膳食营养态度的量表较少。黄韵等[11]的研究考察了家长营养素养与儿童饮食行为的关系,分析的是膳食环境对儿童行为的影响,而非家长对儿童膳食的态度;许诺等[17]从日常饮食提供者对儿童膳食提供的态度、行动、技能、环境四个方面进行量表的编制,但对于态度方面仅七项条目,难以充分讨论。相关研究显示,我国中小学男女生肥胖检出率在10~15岁左右达到高峰[18],故本研究选择了小学4~6年级及初中1~2年级的学生家长进行调查。与《学龄前儿童营养指数量表(NQ-P)》[19]注重家长对学龄前儿童饮食安排类似,本研究注意到学龄儿童的膳食安排者同样也为家长这一现状,且更聚焦于关注家长态度。亲密家长的态度、生活方式是影响孩子饮食行为的关键因素[7],而改变家长的饮食态度是现阶段改善儿童营养问题的可行途径[20]。综上所述,本研究所编制的家长对学龄儿童膳食健康态度量表,具备以学龄儿童膳食决定者为考察对象、结构量化、关注态度的特点,在以改变家长膳食观念、推动学龄儿童膳食健康的促进工作中,可发挥积极作用。为进一步探索本量表的实用性,本研究简单评价了家长态度的六个维度得分在不同儿童膳食行为评分组下的分布差异,均发现两者之间的正相关性,这一结果在一定程度上体现了本量表的应用前景:既可在家庭层面评价家长对应观念维度以开展针对性个体干预,也可在社会层面发现某地区家长的观念模式,对重点“态度得分低,儿童行为差”的片区开展长期社区随访干预工作。
本研究采用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析检验量表的结构效度。探索性因子分析提取出六个公因子,累积方差解释率为82.433%,表明因子结构具有良好的代表性。24个条目的载荷范围是0.667~0.917,均>0.5的可接受标准,且未出现跨因子多重载荷现象,因子结构与量表初始理论构想基本吻合,说明量表具有较好的结构设计。验证性因子分析结果显示,尽管AGFI可能受模型复杂度影响略低于0.9,但其余各主要拟合指数均较好,表明模型整体拟合程度良好。综合探索性与验证性因子分析结果,该量表的结构效度良好,可以初步作为我国学龄前儿童膳食行为和其家长饮食态度评价与监测的工具。
本研究通过内部一致性信度与重测信度两种方法对量表的信度进行了检验。本研究结果显示,总量表及各维度的Cronbach α系数和奇偶折半信度系数均>0.80,表明量表可靠性较好;量表的重测信度相关性均具有统计学意义,说明条目具有较好的统一性与可信性。感知到严重性与益处维度的重测信度相对较低,可能与本研究的调查时间包含学期与假期,儿童的作息变化影响了家长的态度[21]有关;另外,儿童近期生病等因素也有可能对家长态度产生短期影响,未来研究需控制情境变量。
综上,本研究基于健康态度模式构建六个维度24条目的家长对子女膳食健康态度量表,内容涵盖全面,基本可靠、有效,可用于评估我国家长对子女膳食健康态度。但本研究还有一定的不足:第一,条目池中条目相对较少、且仅进行两轮专家函询、专家人数也相对较少,可能存在条目不全面、涵盖不全的问题;第二,本量表仅在成都市新都区开展、未纳入小学1~3年级家长数据进行量表评价,且缺乏长期随访数据,与其他地区适配度及评分变化和儿童膳食健康状况改善的定量关系还有待研究。

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2026年第53卷第1期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507433
  • 接收时间:2025-07-25
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-25
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    1.川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川 南充 637199
    2.成都医学院公共卫生学院卫生学教研室,四川 成都 610500
    3.成都市新都区疾病预防控制中心卫生科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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