Article(id=1324070993869812661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507271, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752681600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793612724987, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793612724987, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793612724987, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793612724987, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324070892967428793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793612700931, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793612772549, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4501, endPage=4506, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324070994083722166, articleId=1324070993869812661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of childcare willingness and its influencing factors among families in Guangxi under the support of “Childcare Policies”, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the childcare willingness of Guangxi families and its influencing factors under the support of childcare policies, so as to provide reference for the government to optimize childcare service policies and supporting measures.

Methods

Based on the data of the 7th National Health Service Survey in Guangxi in 2023, 336 families with infants aged 0-3 in three regions (northern, central and southern Guangxi) were selected by stratified sampling. Information such as family basic characteristics, economic status and social factors was collected through questionnaires. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of childcare willingness.

Results

A total of 354 family questionnaires were distributed, 18 questionnaires with incomplete filling and logical errors were excluded, and 336 valid questionnaires were recovered. Among the respondents, 243 cases were willing to take childcare, and 93 cases had no such willingness. The overall childcare willingness rate of Guangxi families was 72.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that age, ethnicity, urban-rural distribution, number of children born, and occupation type were the influencing factors of family childcare willingness. The main reasons for the unwillingness to take childcare included infants’ adaptation problems, high prices of childcare institutions, and insufficient trust.

Conclusion

The childcare willingness of Guangxi families is affected by multiple factors such as ethnic culture, urban-rural resource allocation, and family care pressure. Strategies such as embedding ethnic culture, balancing urban-rural resources, and providing hierarchical services are needed to improve the accessibility of childcare services and family trust.

, authors=Hua-ling QIN1, 2, Hong-heng LI3, Jian-guang XIE4, Bin LI4, Hong-ye LUO3, authorsList=Hua-ling QIN, Hong-heng LI, Jian-guang XIE, Bin LI, Hong-ye LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong-ye LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324070994469598135, articleId=1324070993869812661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=托育政策支持下广西家庭托育意愿影响因素分析, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究托育政策支持下广西家庭的托育意愿及其影响因素,为政府优化托育服务政策及配套措施提供参考。

方法

基于2023年广西第七次国家卫生服务调查数据,采用分层抽样法选取桂北、桂中、桂南三个片区336户0~3岁婴幼儿家庭,通过问卷调查收集家庭基本特征、经济状况及社会因素等信息,运用卡方检验和多因素logistic回归分析托育意愿的影响因素。

结果

发放家庭问卷354份,剔除18份填写不完整和存在逻辑错误的问卷,回收有效问卷336份,调查对象中243例有托育意愿,93例无托育意愿,广西家庭整体托育意愿率为72.3%,多因素分析显示年龄、民族、城乡分布、已育数量、职业类型是家庭托育意愿的影响因素。无托育意愿的主要原因包括婴幼儿适应问题、托育机构价格过高及信任度不足。

结论

广西家庭托育意愿受民族文化、城乡资源配置、家庭照料压力等多维因素影响,需通过嵌入民族文化、平衡城乡资源、提供分层服务等策略,提升托育服务的可及性与家庭信任度。

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覃华凌(1997—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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罗红叶,E-mail:
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Conflict and adjustment in urban intergenerational parenting, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324070999926387691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, awardId=2025GXNSFAA069827, language=CN, fundingSource=广西自然科学基金项目(2025GXNSFAA069827), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324070999985107948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, awardId=2025RWB30, language=CN, fundingSource=健康与经济社会发展研究中心资助项目(2025RWB30), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324070994700284856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324070994712867769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, companyId=1324070994700284856, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324070994721256378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, companyId=1324070994700284856, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广西医科大学,广西 南宁 530000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324070994796753851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324070994805142460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, companyId=1324070994796753851, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广西医科大学第八附属医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324070994880639933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324070994889028542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, companyId=1324070994880639933, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.广西医科大学信息与管理学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324070994985497535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324070994998080448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, companyId=1324070994985497535, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广西壮族自治区卫生健康统计信息中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324070998902977507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of childcare intention according to family characteristics [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数托育意愿χ2值P值
有(n=243)无(n=93)
性别1.3110.252
男5637(0.66)19(0.34)
女280206(0.74)74(0.26)
婚姻状况0.6410.423
已婚329237(0.72)92(0.28)
离异76(0.86)1(0.14)
年龄(岁)15.177<0.010
20~293618(0.50)18(0.50)
30~39212167(0.79)45(0.21)
≥408858(0.66)30(0.34)
民族5.6250.018
汉族211162(0.77)49(0.23)
少数民族12581(0.65)44(0.35)
文化程度0.5940.743
初中及以下187133(0.71)54(0.29)
高中/中专5945(0.76)14(0.24)
大专及以上9065(0.72)25(0.28)
家庭年可支配收入(万元)3.6610.160
≤10248185(0.75)63(0.25)
11~144930(0.61)19(0.39)
≥153928(0.72)11(0.28)
健康问题限制日常活动0.2880.591
有2217(0.77)5(0.23)
无314226(0.72)88(0.28)
职业类型12.3520.030
国家公务员/专业技术人员2212(0.55)10(0.45)
企业管理人员/职员/工人4742(0.89)5(0.11)
农民4131(0.76)10(0.24)
自由职业者9970(0.71)29(0.29)
个体经营者2318(0.78)5(0.22)
无业10470(0.67)34(0.33)
两周内失眠次数0.2700.870
≤2319231(0.72)88(0.28)
>21712(0.71)5(0.29)
已育数量16.317<0.010
一孩234154(0.66)80(0.34)
二孩及以上10289(0.87)13(0.13)
家庭常住人口数0.4390.508
≤3160113(0.71)47(0.29)
>3176130(0.74)46(0.26)
(外)祖父母是否参与孩子照顾1.9250.165
是10977(0.71)32(0.29)
否227166(0.73)61(0.27)
城乡分布11.4050.010
农村174112(0.64)62(0.36)
城市162131(0.81)31(0.19)
低保家庭0.0100.976
属于118(0.72)3(0.28)
不属于325235(0.72)90(0.28)
), ArticleFig(id=1324070998995252196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同家庭资料托育意愿单因素分析[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数托育意愿χ2值P值
有(n=243)无(n=93)
性别1.3110.252
男5637(0.66)19(0.34)
女280206(0.74)74(0.26)
婚姻状况0.6410.423
已婚329237(0.72)92(0.28)
离异76(0.86)1(0.14)
年龄(岁)15.177<0.010
20~293618(0.50)18(0.50)
30~39212167(0.79)45(0.21)
≥408858(0.66)30(0.34)
民族5.6250.018
汉族211162(0.77)49(0.23)
少数民族12581(0.65)44(0.35)
文化程度0.5940.743
初中及以下187133(0.71)54(0.29)
高中/中专5945(0.76)14(0.24)
大专及以上9065(0.72)25(0.28)
家庭年可支配收入(万元)3.6610.160
≤10248185(0.75)63(0.25)
11~144930(0.61)19(0.39)
≥153928(0.72)11(0.28)
健康问题限制日常活动0.2880.591
有2217(0.77)5(0.23)
无314226(0.72)88(0.28)
职业类型12.3520.030
国家公务员/专业技术人员2212(0.55)10(0.45)
企业管理人员/职员/工人4742(0.89)5(0.11)
农民4131(0.76)10(0.24)
自由职业者9970(0.71)29(0.29)
个体经营者2318(0.78)5(0.22)
无业10470(0.67)34(0.33)
两周内失眠次数0.2700.870
≤2319231(0.72)88(0.28)
>21712(0.71)5(0.29)
已育数量16.317<0.010
一孩234154(0.66)80(0.34)
二孩及以上10289(0.87)13(0.13)
家庭常住人口数0.4390.508
≤3160113(0.71)47(0.29)
>3176130(0.74)46(0.26)
(外)祖父母是否参与孩子照顾1.9250.165
是10977(0.71)32(0.29)
否227166(0.73)61(0.27)
城乡分布11.4050.010
农村174112(0.64)62(0.36)
城市162131(0.81)31(0.19)
低保家庭0.0100.976
属于118(0.72)3(0.28)
不属于325235(0.72)90(0.28)
), ArticleFig(id=1324070999091721189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with childcare intention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWald χ2值P值OR (95% CI)
年龄(以≥40岁为参照)
20~291.2680.4727.2190.0073.553(1.409~8.958)
30~39-0.3700.3091.4300.2320.691(0.377~1.267)
民族(以汉族为参照)
少数民族0.7230.2816.6070.0102.061(1.187~3.578)
城乡分布(以农村为参照)
城市0.7540.2896.8060.0092.125(1.206~3.744)
已育数量(以一孩为参照)
二孩及以上-1.2190.35911.552<0.0010.295(0.146~0.597)
(外)祖父母是否参与照顾(以否为参照)
是0.2230.2980.5620.5131.250(0.698~2.240)
职业(以无业参照)
国家公务员/专业技术人员0.5500.5251.0980.2951.734(0.619~4.854)
企业管理人员/职员/工人-1.7610.5799.2600.0020.172(0.055~0.534)
农民-0.1940.4560.1810.6710.824(0.337~2.014)
自由职业者-0.1050.3400.0960.7570.900(0.463~1.752)
个体经营者-0.7090.6081.3600.2440.492(0.149~1.621)
), ArticleFig(id=1324070999179801574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同家庭资料托育意愿多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量BSEWald χ2值P值OR (95% CI)
年龄(以≥40岁为参照)
20~291.2680.4727.2190.0073.553(1.409~8.958)
30~39-0.3700.3091.4300.2320.691(0.377~1.267)
民族(以汉族为参照)
少数民族0.7230.2816.6070.0102.061(1.187~3.578)
城乡分布(以农村为参照)
城市0.7540.2896.8060.0092.125(1.206~3.744)
已育数量(以一孩为参照)
二孩及以上-1.2190.35911.552<0.0010.295(0.146~0.597)
(外)祖父母是否参与照顾(以否为参照)
是0.2230.2980.5620.5131.250(0.698~2.240)
职业(以无业参照)
国家公务员/专业技术人员0.5500.5251.0980.2951.734(0.619~4.854)
企业管理人员/职员/工人-1.7610.5799.2600.0020.172(0.055~0.534)
农民-0.1940.4560.1810.6710.824(0.337~2.014)
自由职业者-0.1050.3400.0960.7570.900(0.463~1.752)
个体经营者-0.7090.6081.3600.2440.492(0.149~1.621)
), ArticleFig(id=1324070999477597159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Reasons for unwillingness to use childcare services among the 93 families

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号项目选择人数百分比(%)
1认为孩子太小会不适应环境4851.61
2认为托育机构价格太高3436.56
3认为托育机构不可信66.45
4认为送托不方便44.30
5认为自己有时间带11.08
合计93100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1324070999561483240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

93个家庭无托育意愿原因统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号项目选择人数百分比(%)
1认为孩子太小会不适应环境4851.61
2认为托育机构价格太高3436.56
3认为托育机构不可信66.45
4认为送托不方便44.30
5认为自己有时间带11.08
合计93100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1324070999632786409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of interaction effects between effect variables

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交互项BSEWald χ2值P值OR(95% CI)
城乡×收入分组-0.0940.4150.0520.8200.910(0.404-2.052)
民族×已育数量1.4260.8332.9270.0874.160(0.105-5.109)
职业×祖辈照料-0.0560.1580.1270.7220.945(0.694-1.288)
职业×已育数量-0.0680.2110.1020.7490.935(0.618-1.145)
), ArticleFig(id=1324070999783781354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324070993869812661, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

变量交互效应分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
交互项BSEWald χ2值P值OR(95% CI)
城乡×收入分组-0.0940.4150.0520.8200.910(0.404-2.052)
民族×已育数量1.4260.8332.9270.0874.160(0.105-5.109)
职业×祖辈照料-0.0560.1580.1270.7220.945(0.694-1.288)
职业×已育数量-0.0680.2110.1020.7490.935(0.618-1.145)
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托育政策支持下广西家庭托育意愿影响因素分析
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覃华凌 1, 2 , 李宏亨 3 , 谢建光 4 , 李彬 4 , 罗红叶 3
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(24): 4501-4506
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025 , 52 (24) : 4501 -4506
托育政策支持下广西家庭托育意愿影响因素分析
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覃华凌1, 2, 李宏亨3, 谢建光4, 李彬4, 罗红叶3
作者信息
  • 1.广西医科大学,广西 南宁 530000
  • 2.广西医科大学第八附属医院
  • 3.广西医科大学信息与管理学院
  • 4.广西壮族自治区卫生健康统计信息中心
通讯作者:
罗红叶,E-mail:
作者简介:

覃华凌(1997—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

Analysis of childcare willingness and its influencing factors among families in Guangxi under the support of “Childcare Policies”
Hua-ling QIN1, 2, Hong-heng LI3, Jian-guang XIE4, Bin LI4, Hong-ye LUO3
Affiliations
  • Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507271
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目的

探究托育政策支持下广西家庭的托育意愿及其影响因素,为政府优化托育服务政策及配套措施提供参考。

方法

基于2023年广西第七次国家卫生服务调查数据,采用分层抽样法选取桂北、桂中、桂南三个片区336户0~3岁婴幼儿家庭,通过问卷调查收集家庭基本特征、经济状况及社会因素等信息,运用卡方检验和多因素logistic回归分析托育意愿的影响因素。

结果

发放家庭问卷354份,剔除18份填写不完整和存在逻辑错误的问卷,回收有效问卷336份,调查对象中243例有托育意愿,93例无托育意愿,广西家庭整体托育意愿率为72.3%,多因素分析显示年龄、民族、城乡分布、已育数量、职业类型是家庭托育意愿的影响因素。无托育意愿的主要原因包括婴幼儿适应问题、托育机构价格过高及信任度不足。

结论

广西家庭托育意愿受民族文化、城乡资源配置、家庭照料压力等多维因素影响,需通过嵌入民族文化、平衡城乡资源、提供分层服务等策略,提升托育服务的可及性与家庭信任度。

托育政策  /  托育意愿  /  广西家庭  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the childcare willingness of Guangxi families and its influencing factors under the support of childcare policies, so as to provide reference for the government to optimize childcare service policies and supporting measures.

Methods

Based on the data of the 7th National Health Service Survey in Guangxi in 2023, 336 families with infants aged 0-3 in three regions (northern, central and southern Guangxi) were selected by stratified sampling. Information such as family basic characteristics, economic status and social factors was collected through questionnaires. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of childcare willingness.

Results

A total of 354 family questionnaires were distributed, 18 questionnaires with incomplete filling and logical errors were excluded, and 336 valid questionnaires were recovered. Among the respondents, 243 cases were willing to take childcare, and 93 cases had no such willingness. The overall childcare willingness rate of Guangxi families was 72.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that age, ethnicity, urban-rural distribution, number of children born, and occupation type were the influencing factors of family childcare willingness. The main reasons for the unwillingness to take childcare included infants’ adaptation problems, high prices of childcare institutions, and insufficient trust.

Conclusion

The childcare willingness of Guangxi families is affected by multiple factors such as ethnic culture, urban-rural resource allocation, and family care pressure. Strategies such as embedding ethnic culture, balancing urban-rural resources, and providing hierarchical services are needed to improve the accessibility of childcare services and family trust.

Childcare policy  /  Childcare willingness  /  Families in Guangxi  /  Influencing factors
覃华凌, 李宏亨, 谢建光, 李彬, 罗红叶. 托育政策支持下广西家庭托育意愿影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4501 -4506 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507271
Hua-ling QIN, Hong-heng LI, Jian-guang XIE, Bin LI, Hong-ye LUO. Analysis of childcare willingness and its influencing factors among families in Guangxi under the support of “Childcare Policies”[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (24) : 4501 -4506 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507271
托育指为3岁以下婴幼儿提供照护与早期养育的服务,内容包括生活照料、健康管理及认知启蒙等,主要形式包括家庭托育点、社区托育机构、幼儿园托班和企事业单位托育中心等,旨在为婴幼儿提供安全、科学的成长环境,并缓解家庭育儿压力[1]。随着我国社会经济发展与人口结构转型,托育服务已成为国家民生保障体系的重要组成部分,兼具促进婴幼儿发展与支持家庭养育的双重功能。国家陆续出台《“十四五”积极生育支持措施实施方案》《托育机构管理办法》等政策,积极推动地方托育服务体系建设[2]。广西政府将托育服务纳入卫生健康事业发展“十四五”规划,并推出多项差异化政策:一是融入民族文化,鼓励提供民族语言服务与传统育儿课程,并对托育机构予以补贴;二是创新城乡供给模式,在农村建立“互助托育点”,在城市扩大幼儿园托班与普惠托位供给;三是强化多孩家庭支持,实施托育费用补贴,并对少数民族家庭实行额外补助[3]。本研究在分析托育意愿影响因素基础上,进一步探讨本地化政策与家庭托育决策之间的关联,为优化托育政策和完善配套措施提供依据。
本研究从全国第七次卫生服务调查中获取广西地区数据,该数据抽样按照桂北(桂林市、柳州市、河池市)、桂中(南宁市、贵港市)和桂南(北海市)三个片区划分,覆盖不同地级市的6个县(市、区)、28个乡镇(街道)、60个村(居委会),调查总数3 600户;纳入标准:(1)该家庭已育至少一孩;(2)该家庭孩子年龄在0~3岁;(3)问卷填写人是孩子父母。排除标准:(1)问卷非孩子父母填写;(2)该家庭孩子年龄大于3岁;(3)资料填写不完整;(4)伴有认知障碍或精神疾病者。本研究发放家庭问卷354份,剔除18份填写不完整和存在逻辑错误的问卷,最终回收有效问卷336份,问卷有效回收率94.9%。
通过问卷调查方式收集家庭资料,问卷内容包括:(1)个人因素:性别、年龄、民族、婚姻状况,文化程度、就业状况、自评健康状况、两周内失眠症状、是否吸烟、是否日常活动受到限制等;(2)家庭经济因素:已育孩子数量、家庭常住人口数、家庭年可支配收入、(外)祖父母是否参与孩子照顾;(3)社会因素:城乡分布、是否属于低保户。采用“您是否愿意将孩子送到托育机构?”这一问题进行评估。根据研究对象的自我报告,将回答“愿意”者定义为有托育意愿,将回答“不愿意”定义为无托育意愿。
运用Excel 2021进行数据整理,采用SPSS 29.0统计软件对数据进行分析,计量资料以频数和百分比形式呈现,组间率的差异比较则采用卡方检验(χ2检验)进行统计学分析,家庭托育意愿的影响因素采用多因素logistic回归进行分析。采用分层logistic回归深入探究变量间的交互作用:选取具有理论研究意义的变量进行交互分析,第一层纳入主效应变量,第二层在模型中纳入构建的交互项。采用似然比检验比较分层模型的差异,并依据Wald χ2检验评估交互项的统计学显著性(检验水准设定为α=0.05)。
本研究共调查336户家庭,其中有托育意愿者243户(72.3%),无意愿者93户(27.7%)。不同年龄、民族、城乡分布、职业类型及已育数量的家庭在托育意愿率上的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中30~39岁、汉族、城市家庭、企业管理人员/职员/工人及二孩及以上家庭的托育意愿较高;而性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭年可支配收入、健康状况、失眠情况、家庭人口数、祖辈参与照料及低保身份等因素与托育意愿的关联均无统计学意义(P>0.05),详见表1。
以家庭托育意愿(赋值:1=有,2=无)为因变量,以单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量为自变量进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示,年龄区间在20~29岁、少数民族、城市户籍、已育数量(以一孩为参照)、职业为企业管理人员/职员/工人对托育意愿影响有统计学意义(P<0.05),详见表2。
对93户无托育意愿的家庭进行问卷分析,提纲主要围绕托育机构信任度、价格感知、接送便利性及其他原因设计。结果显示,无托育意愿的主要原因包括:认为孩子太小会不适应环境、托育机构价格太高、托育机构不可信,见表3。
城乡分布与收入分组的交互项、民族与已育数量的交互项、职业类型与祖辈照料的交互项以及职业类型与已育数量的交互项均未达到统计学显著性水平(P>0.05),见表4。对托育意愿的影响表现为独立的主效应,未观察到显著的协同或拮抗的交互作用。
国外托育服务发展相对成熟,形成“普惠”与“补缺”等多元政策模式,体系完善且注重质量监管与发展效益[4]。相比之下,我国托育服务仍处于起步阶段,入托率与普惠覆盖率较低,面临供给不足、人员短缺及政策不完善等挑战[5-6]。广西家庭整体托育意愿为72.3%,相对托育服务体系启动较早的经济发达省市如上海(85%)[7]、江苏(89%)[8]较低。这一情况与国内多项研究揭示的“政策创新与家庭感知之间存在断层”的规律相吻合[9]。广西政策的民族与文化适配性创新是其独特优势,但研究显示少数民族家庭的托育意愿(65%)仍显著低于汉族家庭(77%),反映了“大家庭式照料”传统文化对托育意愿的深远影响。尽管政府出台一系列民族适配政策,但在少数民族社群宣传推广力度仍有待提高。
交互效应分析结果显示城乡与收入、民族与子女数量、职业与祖辈照料、职业与子女数量等因素之间的交互作用均未达到统计学显著性(P>0.05),这表明各类影响因素对家庭托育决策的影响更可能以一种相对独立、并行的方式发挥作用,而非遵循复杂的、相互条件化的交互模型。这一发现与某些基于经济理性假设或发达地区社会情境下构建的理论模型有所差异[10],提示政府在分析广西等边疆多民族地区的公共政策接受度时,相较于套用基于经济理性假设或发达地区情境的复杂交互模型,更应优先关注核心变量的独立主效应。可以从破除文化隔阂、优化城乡资源、减轻经济负担等多个独立层面构建一个多维度、相对简洁且并行推进的政策支持体系。
少数民族家庭托育意愿较低深刻反映“大家庭式”集体照料传统与现代社会化托育理念之间的内在张力。育儿被认为是少数民族社群中宗族与社区网络的共同责任,这种基于血缘、地缘的“熟人照料”模式塑造了较高的内部信任,使得外部托育机构难以介入[11]。城市家庭对“早期教育”的重视度更高,部分父母将托育机构视为婴幼儿社交与认知启蒙的补充,进一步提升了托育意愿[12]。城市家庭对托育机构的信任建立在制度性和专业性之上,农村家庭更依赖于基于社区关系的人际性、熟悉度信任。
托育服务的可负担性与可及性是影响家庭托育意愿的因素[13]。多因素分析显示,企业管理人员、职员及工人群体托育意愿较高。对无托育意愿家庭的归因分析指出“认为托育机构价格太高”是第二大原因,这侧面反映了该群体虽然存在较强的托育需求,但同时面临“工作时间刚性”与“托育费用敏感”的双重约束[14]。城市家庭更多受市场化托育服务价格的直接影响,其决策接近于预算约束下的理性选择;农村地区决策更多受到服务可及性和传统观念等非经济因素的调节,或因“互助托育”等非正式照料模式的存在形成了一定的价格缓冲机制。因此,政策设计需从“普惠”(可负担)与“普适”(可及性)两个维度协同推进,提供梯度化补贴,优化服务布局与提供方式以匹配多样化的家庭需求。
家庭所处的生命周期阶段及其所拥有的资源禀赋是激发托育需求的内在动力和结构性因素。二孩及以上家庭的意愿显著高于一孩家庭,表明托育需求随着家庭结构的扩展与育儿资源的改变逐步从“可选消费”转变为“刚性需求”[15]。父母年龄因素则反映了生命周期效应,20-30岁的年轻父母群体处于职业发展初期且育儿观念较新,表现出更强的托育使用意愿,30岁以上父母则可能因累积的经济压力与相对传统的育儿观念而更趋保守[16]。(外)祖父母参与照料所提供的代际支持,对许多家庭的育儿资源起到了重要的缓冲和补充作用。托育政策应引入家庭生命周期视角,为处于不同发展阶段的家庭提供更具针对性、差异化的支持方案和服务套餐,实现服务供给与家庭需求的精准匹配。
城乡差异与职业类型是影响托育意愿的两个关键方面。城市家庭托育意愿较高主要得益于托育机构覆盖广泛、服务获取便利及双职工家庭普遍存在的时间刚性需求。农村家庭则因机构数量有限、地理位置偏远及信任程度较低面临“有需求无服务”或“有服务不可及”的困境[17]。企业管理人员、职员及工人群体的托育意愿相对较低反映该群体因固定工作时间与托育服务时段难以匹配,加上对托育费用较为敏感,导致托育服务的“可用性”与“可负担性”受限[18]。职业稳定群体(如公务员及专业技术人员)则因可更多依赖替代性照料资源(如弹性假期或祖辈支持)表现出不同的决策特征。时间安排更灵活的自由职业者及个体经营者对托育服务的需求较弱。政府可围绕推动托育服务向多元化与弹性化方向发展制定政策,例如延长服务时间、提供临时托管等,以更好地适应不同职业群体的现实需求。
本研究采用横断面调查设计揭示了广西家庭托育意愿的主要影响因素,研究对象聚焦于已育有0~3岁婴幼儿的家庭,尽管样本能有效反映当前阶段的托育需求与决策行为,但未能涵盖孕妇家庭或计划生育家庭等潜在使用者群体。此类群体对托育服务的预期、品质要求与支付意愿可能显著不同于现有用户。未来研究可扩展样本范围,将孕早期家庭、计划二胎家庭等纳入调查,从而更全面把握托育服务的需求动态,为资源前瞻性规划提供依据。
综上所述,家庭托育意愿受个体特征、家庭资源与社会支持等多维因素共同影响,广西地区的托育意愿呈现出鲜明的地域特点与供需适配挑战。年龄、民族、城乡类别、已育子女人数和职业类型是影响意愿的显著因素,据此,可从四个方面完善支持体系:一是融入民族文化元素,推动托育服务本土化,增强少数民族家庭认同感;二是统筹城乡托育资源,构建普惠精准的服务网络,农村重点扩大覆盖,城市着力提升质量;三是面向多孩家庭建立分层支持制度,提供阶梯式补贴与定制化服务,减轻育儿负担;四是加强机构监管与政策保障,建立信用评价与动态监督机制,通过税收优惠等引导合理定价,提升信任度与可负担性。
  • 广西自然科学基金项目(2025GXNSFAA069827)
  • 健康与经济社会发展研究中心资助项目(2025RWB30)
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2025年第52卷第24期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507271
  • 接收时间:2025-07-17
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-17
基金
广西自然科学基金项目(2025GXNSFAA069827)
健康与经济社会发展研究中心资助项目(2025RWB30)
作者信息
    1.广西医科大学,广西 南宁 530000
    2.广西医科大学第八附属医院
    3.广西医科大学信息与管理学院
    4.广西壮族自治区卫生健康统计信息中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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