Article(id=1323941266018415281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507162, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752336000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793581795458, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793581795458, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793581795458, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793581795458, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1323941237702668764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='23', pageStart='4225', pageEnd='4416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793581788707, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793581887795, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1323941653374959780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1323941653374959781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4262, endPage=4268, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1323941266232324786, articleId=1323941266018415281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of newly reported cases of echinococcosis in Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2024, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and changing trends of newly reported echinococcosis cases in endemic areas of Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2024, so as to provide a reference for formulating precise prevention and control strategies.

Methods

Based on the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, county-level data on new cases of echinococcosis reported from 2020 to 2024 in endemic areas of Sichuan Province were collected. GeoDa 1.2.0 software and ArcGIS 10.3 software were used to conduct global spatial autocorrelation analysis, local spatial autocorrelation analysis and hotspot analysis on the reported incidence rates.

Results

From 2020 to 2024, 378 new cases of echinococcosis were reported in 35 endemic counties in Sichuan Province. The annual reported incidence rates were 2.11 per 100 000, 2.54 per 100 000, 2.80 per 100 000, 3.19 per 100 000, and 4.29 per 100 000, respectively. Among the endemic prefectures, Aba Prefecture recorded the highest average annual reported incidence rate (5.64 per 100 000), while Ganzi Prefecture ranked second (2.31 per 100 000). The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the reported incidence rate of echinococcosis in Sichuan Province had a positive spatial correlation in 2020, 2022, and 2024 (Moran’s I=0.295, 0.257, and 0.109; Z>1.96; P<0.05 for all years), and was randomly distributed in 2021 and 2023 (Moran’s I=-0.065 and 0.042; Z<1.96; P>0.05 for both years). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified four clustering patterns: “High-High”, “High-Low”, “Low-High” and“Low-Low”. The “High-High” clusters were primarily concentrated in Aba County, Barkam City, and Rangtang County within Aba Prefecture. The hotspot analysis indicated that from 2020 to 2024, the hotspots of the reported incidence of echinococcosis in Sichuan Province shifted from Ruoergai, Hongyuan, and Heishui counties in the north-central region of Aba Prefecture toward the southwestern border areas between northern Aba Prefecture and Ganzi Prefecture, and the primary hotspot regions were concentrated in Rangtang County, Aba County, Barkam City, and Jinchuan County of Aba Prefecture, along with Seda County of Ganzi Prefecture.

Conclusion

From 2020 to 2024, the reported incidence rate of echinococcosis in endemic areas of Sichuan Province showed an increasing trend, with significant spatial clustering observed. It is recommended to strengthen the management of sources of infection and wildlife host control measures in hotspot areas, and to develop regional comprehensive prevention and control strategies.

, authors=Rui-rui LI, Wen-jie YU, Wei HE, Yan HUANG, Yang LIU, Qian WANG, authorsList=Rui-rui LI, Wen-jie YU, Wei HE, Yan HUANG, Yang LIU, Qian WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qian WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1323941267188626105, articleId=1323941266018415281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2020—2024年四川省新报告棘球蚴病病例时空分布特征分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病流行区新报告棘球蚴病病例的空间分布特征及变化趋势,为制定精准防控策略提供参考依据。

方法

基于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,以县为单位收集2020—2024年报告的现住址为四川省棘球蚴病流行区的新发病例数据。运用GeoDa 1.2.0软件及ArcGIS 10.3软件对报告发病率进行全局空间自相关分析、局部空间自相关分析及热点分析。

结果

2020—2024年四川省35个流行县共计报告棘球蚴病新发病例378例,年报告发病率依次为2.11/10万、2.54/10万、2.80/10万、3.19/10万和4.29/10万。年均报告发病率各流行市州中阿坝州最高,为5.64/10万,甘孜州位居第二,为2.31/10万。全局空间自相关分析显示四川省棘球蚴病报告发病率在2020、2022和2024年存在空间正相关(Moran I=0.295、0.257、0.109,Z均>1.96,P均<0.05),2021和2023年呈随机分布(Moran I=-0.065、0.042,Z均<1.96,P均>0.05);局部空间自相关分析显示2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病报告发病率存在“高-高”“高-低”“低-高”“低-低”四种集聚模式,“高-高”集聚区主要位于阿坝州阿坝县、马尔康市、壤塘县;热点分析结果显示2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病报告发病率热点地区由阿坝州中北部若尔盖县、红原县、黑水县向西南方向转移至阿坝州北部与甘孜州交界区域,主要热点区域集中在阿坝州壤塘县、阿坝县、马尔康市、金川县和甘孜州色达县一带。

结论

2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病流行区棘球蚴病报告发病率呈上升趋势,棘球蚴病发病存在空间聚集性,建议在热点地区加强传染源管理和野外宿主防控,制定区域性综合防控策略。

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李汭芮(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:寄生虫病防治

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王谦,E-mail:
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李汭芮(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:寄生虫病防治

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注:基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2024)0650号的标准地图制作,底图无修改。

, figureFileSmall=mOVoQo/PxOsCORWxqLccUQ==, figureFileBig=DM8d4Xf0Afv+j6IAHUC/iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941274037924583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941266018415281, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Hot spot analysis results of reported incidence rate of echinococcosis in endemic areas of Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2024, figureFileSmall=SKWFnq7FNkWZpgVg3Eg/yA==, figureFileBig=PEqnqvRCiKsj9PquuebVEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941274100839144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941266018415281, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病流行区报告发病率热点分析结果

注:基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2024)0650号的标准地图制作,底图无修改。

, figureFileSmall=SKWFnq7FNkWZpgVg3Eg/yA==, figureFileBig=PEqnqvRCiKsj9PquuebVEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941274167948009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941266018415281, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Global spatial autocorrelation analysis of reported incidence rate of echinococcosis in endemic areas of Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)Moran I值预期指数方差Z值P值
20200.295-0.0290.0073.849<0.001
2021-0.065-0.0290.008-0.4170.677
20220.257-0.0290.0073.3550.001
20230.042-0.0290.0021.4460.148
20240.109-0.0290.0042.1690.030
), ArticleFig(id=1323941274230862570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941266018415281, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病流行区报告发病率全局空间自相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)Moran I值预期指数方差Z值P值
20200.295-0.0290.0073.849<0.001
2021-0.065-0.0290.008-0.4170.677
20220.257-0.0290.0073.3550.001
20230.042-0.0290.0021.4460.148
20240.109-0.0290.0042.1690.030
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2020—2024年四川省新报告棘球蚴病病例时空分布特征分析
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李汭芮 , 喻文杰 , 何伟 , 黄燕 , 刘阳 , 王谦
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(23): 4262-4268
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2025 , 52 (23) : 4262 -4268
2020—2024年四川省新报告棘球蚴病病例时空分布特征分析
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李汭芮, 喻文杰, 何伟, 黄燕, 刘阳, 王谦
作者信息
  • 四川省疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,四川 成都 610041
通讯作者:
王谦,E-mail:
作者简介:

李汭芮(1989—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:寄生虫病防治

Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of newly reported cases of echinococcosis in Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2024
Rui-rui LI, Wen-jie YU, Wei HE, Yan HUANG, Yang LIU, Qian WANG
Affiliations
  • Institute of Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu,Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507162
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目的

分析2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病流行区新报告棘球蚴病病例的空间分布特征及变化趋势,为制定精准防控策略提供参考依据。

方法

基于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,以县为单位收集2020—2024年报告的现住址为四川省棘球蚴病流行区的新发病例数据。运用GeoDa 1.2.0软件及ArcGIS 10.3软件对报告发病率进行全局空间自相关分析、局部空间自相关分析及热点分析。

结果

2020—2024年四川省35个流行县共计报告棘球蚴病新发病例378例,年报告发病率依次为2.11/10万、2.54/10万、2.80/10万、3.19/10万和4.29/10万。年均报告发病率各流行市州中阿坝州最高,为5.64/10万,甘孜州位居第二,为2.31/10万。全局空间自相关分析显示四川省棘球蚴病报告发病率在2020、2022和2024年存在空间正相关(Moran I=0.295、0.257、0.109,Z均>1.96,P均<0.05),2021和2023年呈随机分布(Moran I=-0.065、0.042,Z均<1.96,P均>0.05);局部空间自相关分析显示2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病报告发病率存在“高-高”“高-低”“低-高”“低-低”四种集聚模式,“高-高”集聚区主要位于阿坝州阿坝县、马尔康市、壤塘县;热点分析结果显示2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病报告发病率热点地区由阿坝州中北部若尔盖县、红原县、黑水县向西南方向转移至阿坝州北部与甘孜州交界区域,主要热点区域集中在阿坝州壤塘县、阿坝县、马尔康市、金川县和甘孜州色达县一带。

结论

2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病流行区棘球蚴病报告发病率呈上升趋势,棘球蚴病发病存在空间聚集性,建议在热点地区加强传染源管理和野外宿主防控,制定区域性综合防控策略。

棘球蚴病  /  发病率  /  热点分析  /  空间自相关
Objective

To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and changing trends of newly reported echinococcosis cases in endemic areas of Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2024, so as to provide a reference for formulating precise prevention and control strategies.

Methods

Based on the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, county-level data on new cases of echinococcosis reported from 2020 to 2024 in endemic areas of Sichuan Province were collected. GeoDa 1.2.0 software and ArcGIS 10.3 software were used to conduct global spatial autocorrelation analysis, local spatial autocorrelation analysis and hotspot analysis on the reported incidence rates.

Results

From 2020 to 2024, 378 new cases of echinococcosis were reported in 35 endemic counties in Sichuan Province. The annual reported incidence rates were 2.11 per 100 000, 2.54 per 100 000, 2.80 per 100 000, 3.19 per 100 000, and 4.29 per 100 000, respectively. Among the endemic prefectures, Aba Prefecture recorded the highest average annual reported incidence rate (5.64 per 100 000), while Ganzi Prefecture ranked second (2.31 per 100 000). The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the reported incidence rate of echinococcosis in Sichuan Province had a positive spatial correlation in 2020, 2022, and 2024 (Moran’s I=0.295, 0.257, and 0.109; Z>1.96; P<0.05 for all years), and was randomly distributed in 2021 and 2023 (Moran’s I=-0.065 and 0.042; Z<1.96; P>0.05 for both years). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified four clustering patterns: “High-High”, “High-Low”, “Low-High” and“Low-Low”. The “High-High” clusters were primarily concentrated in Aba County, Barkam City, and Rangtang County within Aba Prefecture. The hotspot analysis indicated that from 2020 to 2024, the hotspots of the reported incidence of echinococcosis in Sichuan Province shifted from Ruoergai, Hongyuan, and Heishui counties in the north-central region of Aba Prefecture toward the southwestern border areas between northern Aba Prefecture and Ganzi Prefecture, and the primary hotspot regions were concentrated in Rangtang County, Aba County, Barkam City, and Jinchuan County of Aba Prefecture, along with Seda County of Ganzi Prefecture.

Conclusion

From 2020 to 2024, the reported incidence rate of echinococcosis in endemic areas of Sichuan Province showed an increasing trend, with significant spatial clustering observed. It is recommended to strengthen the management of sources of infection and wildlife host control measures in hotspot areas, and to develop regional comprehensive prevention and control strategies.

Echinococcosis  /  Incidence rate  /  Hotspot analysis  /  Spatial autocorrelation
李汭芮, 喻文杰, 何伟, 黄燕, 刘阳, 王谦. 2020—2024年四川省新报告棘球蚴病病例时空分布特征分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (23) : 4262 -4268 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507162
Rui-rui LI, Wen-jie YU, Wei HE, Yan HUANG, Yang LIU, Qian WANG. Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of newly reported cases of echinococcosis in Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2024[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (23) : 4262 -4268 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507162
棘球蚴病俗称包虫病,是由棘球绦虫幼虫寄生在人体引起的人兽共患寄生虫病。犬科动物为主要传染源,人、牛羊和小型哺乳类动物等中间宿主因误食随患病犬只或野外犬科动物(狐狸、狼等)粪便排出的虫卵而患病,存在家养循环和野生循环两种传播途径。该病呈世界性分布,中国是全球棘球蚴病流行程度最严重的国家,流行区主要分布在经济欠发达的西北部青藏高原一带的农牧地区[1-3],四川省是我国棘球蚴病流行程度及疾病负担最严重的省份之一,其中泡型棘球蚴病手术难度大、术后并发症发病率高,临床预后较差[4]。根据2012年流行病学调查结果,四川省确立了35个棘球蚴病流行县[5],除越西县、天全县和宝兴县外,其余32个流行县均位于青藏高原。经过多年综合防控,2019年底四川省达到国家“十三五”规划中基本控制棘球蚴病的目标,人群患病率从2012的1.08%降至0.44%,形成了“两抓四管六结合”的石渠包虫病综合防治模式,并在全国范围内推广,防治工作成效显著[5-7]。
近年来,空间统计分析运用在各种疾病防控研究中[8-10],已有多项国内外研究表明棘球蚴病分布存在空间集聚[2,11-12],本研究通过对2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病流行区新报告棘球蚴病病例进行时空动态分析,探讨棘球蚴病流行动态变化及“热点”区域,为开展精准区域防控措施提供科学参考,巩固防治成效,推进四川省棘球蚴病防治工作迈向控制与阻断的新台阶。
国家确立的四川省35个棘球蚴病流行县,包含四川省甘孜州全州18个县、阿坝州全州13个县、凉山州木里县和越西县、雅安市天全县和宝兴县。
本研究数据来源于“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”2020—2024年报告的棘球蚴病临床诊断病例和确诊病例。收集现住址为四川省棘球蚴病流行区的报告数据,去除已订正、删除和重复报告的病例。常住人口数据来源于各市州统计局发布的统计年鉴,根据个案调查后确定的最终新报告病例数计算出棘球蚴病报告发病率。四川省棘球蚴病流行区县级地图于国家地理信息公共服务平台下载。
本研究经四川省疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审查通过(批准号SCCDCIRB第2022-002号)。
用于反映整个研究区域内空间数据是否呈现出聚集或离散趋势,通常用莫兰指数(Moran I)来描述。Moran I范围在-1~1,当I>0时,表示空间正相关,即相邻要素之间呈现“高高、低低”的聚集趋势;当I<0时,表示空间负相关,即相邻要素之间呈现“高低、低高”的互相分布趋势;当其取值接近于0时,表示空间随机分布,不呈现相关性[2]。全局指标仅反映整体趋势,但无法定位具体聚集区,需结合局部分析以全面理解空间结构分布。
用于检验空间数据中局部区域与其周边地区的相似性或差异性,可以分析局部关联模式,常用LISA指数来识别研究区域中不同类型的空间集聚或离散现象,分为“高-高”“低-低”“高-低”“低-高”聚类[2]。局部莫兰指数是全局莫兰指数的分解,它可以看作是每个要素与其邻居之间的协方差与方差之比,有助于理解空间聚集的复杂性。
是一种局部空间分析技术,相较LISA分析更侧重相对于全局平均值来识别空间中具有统计学意义的高值聚集区(热点)和低值聚集区(冷点)。热点表示一个单元及其邻域内的高值总和显著高于随机分布预期(即高值密集区)[11]。在LISA图集的基础上进行冷热点分析,直观区分高值和低值聚集,定位显著的异常区域,更全面地分析空间集聚情况,为防控决策提供直接依据。
采用Microsoft Excel 2010软件建立数据库,空间分析采用双验证策略(LISA分析识别局部空间关联模式,Getis-Ord Gi*基于全局均值直观识别冷热点)。通过GeoDa 1.2.0软件进行全局空间自相关分析,应用ArcGIS 10.3软件绘制统计地图,进行LISA分析和热点分析的可视化展示。检验水准α=0.05。
2020—2024年四川省4个棘球蚴病流行市(州)的35个流行县共计报告新发棘球蚴病病例378例,其中,累积报告新发病例数分别为阿坝州232例(占61.38%)、甘孜州127例(占33.60%)、凉山州13例(占3.44%)、雅安市6例(占1.59%)。
2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病流行区棘球蚴病年均报告发病率为2.98/10万,年报告发病率依次为2.11/10万、2.54/10万、2.80/10万、3.19/10万和4.29/10万。其中,阿坝州年均报告发病率为5.64/10万,甘孜州年均报告发病率为2.31/10万,雅安市流行区为0.67/10万,凉山州流行区为0.61/10万。见图1。县级棘球蚴病年均报告发病率位居前五的依次为壤塘县(27.27/10万)、黑水县(12.90/10万)、阿坝县(11.62/10万)、炉霍县(9.87/10万),红原县(8.89/10万)。
2020—2024年总体Moran I值为0.193(Z=3.016,P=0.003),说明棘球蚴病报告发病率整体上具有明显的空间集聚性,其中,2020、2022和2024年呈空间正相关(P<0.05);2021和2023年Moran I值接近0,且P>0.05,全局空间分布关系属于随机分布。见表1。
流行区棘球蚴病报告发病率存在“高-高”“高-低”“低-高”“低-低”四种集聚模式。2020—2022年“高-高”集聚区由阿坝州若尔盖县、红原县、黑水县一带向西南方转移至阿坝县、马尔康市、壤塘县及甘孜州炉霍县、新龙县、道孚县,2023年又回退到阿坝州阿坝县、马尔康市,2024年向西辐射至阿坝州壤塘县、金川县;“低-高”集聚区为阿坝州壤塘县、松潘县、马尔康市、金川县和甘孜州丹巴县、色达县;“低-低”集聚区位于甘孜州得荣县、稻城县、康定市、德格县;仅2020年出现了一个“高-低”集聚区,位于甘孜州稻城县。见图2。
2020年热点区域全部位于阿坝州,热点99%置信区间地区包含阿坝县、红原县、马尔康市、黑水县,95%置信区间地区为若尔盖县,90%置信区间地区为壤塘县和理县;2021年热点95%置信区间地区为丹巴县,90%置信区间为马尔康市;2022年热点区域为甘孜州色达县、炉霍县、道孚县、甘孜县(热点95%置信区间),阿坝州若尔盖县、红原县、黑水县、理县退出热点区域,热点99%置信区间地区包含阿坝州阿坝县、壤塘县、马尔康市、金川县;2023年甘孜州炉霍县、道孚县及阿坝州金川县退出热点区域;2024年热点区域持续分布在阿坝州和甘孜州交接地区中北部,阿坝州金川县、甘孜州道孚县加入热点区域,甘孜州甘孜县退出热点区域。仅2022年出现一个冷点地区,位于甘孜州稻城县。见图3。
四川省是我国棘球蚴病流行程度最严重的省份之一[3],2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病流行区年均报告发病率为2.98/10万,低于2007—2012年该区域年均报告发病率(55.91/10万)[13],说明多年的棘球蚴病综合防治措施成效显著,总体流行程度显著降低[5-7]。但是,近五年棘球蚴病报告发病率又有逐年上升的趋势,可能与石渠县包虫病综合防治试点终期评估及“十三五”规划结束后,四川省各部门对包虫病综合防治工作的重视程度有所下降有关。
2020—2024年,阿坝州累积报告新发病例数占比最高(占61.38%),且阿坝州年均报告发病率最高(5.64/10万),与既往研究显示的甘孜州为四川省棘球蚴病高发地区,其报告发病率及新发病例检出率明显高于阿坝州[13-15]的结果不一致。分析原因可能是通过长期的石渠县包虫病综合防治试点及国家包虫病综合防治干预区工作,以点带面,全面提升了甘孜州整体的棘球蚴病防治能力。
全局空间自相关分析发现,四川省棘球蚴病流行县报告发病率在2020、2022和2024年存在空间聚集;2021和2023年呈随机分布。如果某些区域有高值聚集,另一些区域有低值聚集,或者在整体上正负效应相互抵消,使得全局结果不显著,其可能是导致2021和2023年呈随机分布的原因。这种情况下,即使全局不显著,局部分析仍然有意义,可以揭示局部存在的潜在高风险区域[16]。因此,本研究分别对2020—2024年棘球蚴病报告发病率进行了局部空间分析,结果显示“高-高”集聚区由阿坝州北部一带向西南方向辐射至壤塘县及甘孜州炉霍县、新龙县、道孚县,2024年又回退到阿坝州壤塘县、阿坝县、马尔康市、金川县。热点分析发现,热点区域与LISA分析中的“高-高”区域基本一致,主要热点区域集中在阿坝州壤塘县、阿坝县、马尔康市、金川县和甘孜州色达县一带,说明四川省棘球蚴病流行具有较强的局域空间关联。热点地区位于青藏高原,有高山、草原、森林、河谷等多种生态系统,平均海拔约3 636 m,小型啮齿类动物、藏狐、野犬、野猪等野生动物活动频繁[17]。同时,热点地区分布许多高原草场,畜牧业发达,加之远牧点饮水问题普遍存在,牧民有散养犬的习惯,接触被棘球绦虫虫卵污染的环境几率高。四川省近年来野外啮齿类动物患病率位居全国第一,本研究中部分热点地区野外啮齿类动物患病率高[18-20],提示四川省棘球蚴病野外传播循环活跃。啮齿类动物繁殖能力强、分布广、难以扑灭,既往研究表明在流浪犬只多的棘球蚴病流行地区,降低流浪犬密度可显著降低小型哺乳类动物感染率[21]。
近年,四川省棘球蚴病发病的热点地区从甘孜州西部[14]转移至阿坝州与甘孜州交接区域北部,分析原因可能是:(1)甘孜州因棘球蚴病人群患病率高,一直是国家的重点防控区域,通过石渠县综合防治试点及国家综合防治干预区工作,甘孜州加强了传染源、畜间防控,鼠害治理及群众健康教育,传播循环链得到了一定控制[7]; (2)2022—2023年青海省野外犬科动物感染率均位居全国第一,其家犬感染率均为全国前三,本研究中热点地区北部接壤的青海省久治县和达日县野外犬科动物感染率先后位居全国前五[19-20],在2022年全国监测点筛查中,与本研究中热点地区接壤的青海省班玛县<12岁筛查人群患病率全国第一,久治县该指标在2022—2023年均位居全国第二[19-20],说明与本研究中热点地区接壤的省外区域近年传染源活跃,可能存在野外宿主流窜以及因人员流动从省外接壤地区携带感染家犬的情况;(3)本研究中的热点地区红原县、阿坝县在2021—2023年间连续三年野外啮齿类动物患病率位居全国370个棘球蚴病流行县中的前五位,甘孜州的色达县、石渠县、甘孜县、炉霍县也分别进入全国前五[18-20],高啮齿类中间宿主患病率增加了泡型棘球蚴病的传播风险;(4)四川省监测点数据结果显示2020年阿坝州野外犬科动物感染率为1.47%,高于甘孜州的0.68%,2020—2023年四川省野外犬科动物感染率最高的县均位于阿坝州,分别为红原县、壤塘县、若尔盖县、壤塘县,与本研究中的热点区域基本一致,提示了野外犬科动物高感染率是目前我省棘球蚴病热点地区防控的关键突破口[22-23]。
综上,2020—2024年四川省棘球蚴病流行区报告发病率呈上升的趋势,棘球蚴病发病呈现时空聚集性,热点地区主要位于阿坝州壤塘县、阿坝县、马尔康市、金川县和甘孜州色达县一带。为有效开展棘球蚴病防控,应结合我省棘球蚴病流行的时空动态特征,精准科学施策,建议:(1)进一步加强热点地区的传染源管理,控制流浪犬数量,深入落实家犬栓养(特别是远牧点家犬栓养)、犬只驱虫及犬粪无害化处理,扩大热点地区野外犬科动物驱虫范围并在初春、初冬增加驱虫次数[24],在靠近远牧点区域加强野外驱虫及犬粪无害化处理;(2)探索高效便捷的野外终宿主驱虫方式,如野外犬科动物投药装置的研发及运用无人机精准投放驱虫药剂等;(3)加强热点地区牲畜免疫、屠宰管理(远牧点私宰管理)和牧民定居点灭鼠,特别是远牧点及1km半径内灭鼠工作要实施到位;(4)青藏高原地区加强跨省区域合作,联防联控,在省际交界地区犬只和畜牧交易场所加强检验检疫,重要道路进出口设立棘球蚴病快检中心,避免感染宿主流入;(5)在流行区持续开展健康教育宣传,热点地区的僧尼、流动牧民、学生、贫困居民是健康教育的重点人群,充分发挥藏区寺庙僧尼的示范引领效应,同时组建马背宣讲队,将防控知识融入川西北藏族民歌、唐卡绘制等非遗传承,提高农牧民健康教育的广度和深度;(6)深入落实牧民定居点安全饮水工程,解决远牧点饮水、洗手问题,如研发移动式河水净化装置并投入远牧点使用;(7)流行区应持续开展“以传染源控制为主、中间宿主防控与病人规范查治相结合”的综合防治策略,提高监测预警,防止疫情反弹。
  • 国家卫生健康委包虫病防治研究重点实验室开放课题(2022WZK1002)
  • 四川省科技计划项目(2023YFS0221)
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2025年第52卷第23期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507162
  • 接收时间:2025-07-13
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-13
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国家卫生健康委包虫病防治研究重点实验室开放课题(2022WZK1002)
四川省科技计划项目(2023YFS0221)
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    四川省疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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